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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Morfologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morfologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Morfologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morfologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Systematyka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Systematyka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Systematyka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Systematyka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zastosowanie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zastosowanie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zastosowanie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zastosowanie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obecność_w_kulturze_i_symbolice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obecność_w_kulturze_i_symbolice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Obecność w kulturze i symbolice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obecność_w_kulturze_i_symbolice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Spis treści" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Oliwka (roślina)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 50 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olea" title="Olea – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Olea" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3)" title="زيتون (جنس) – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زيتون (جنس)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeytun" title="Zeytun – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zeytun" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Масліна – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Масліна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Масьліна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Масьліна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Маслина – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Маслина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olea" title="Olea – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Olea" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olea_(tanom_nga_bulak)" title="Olea (tanom nga bulak) – cebuański" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Olea (tanom nga bulak)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivovn%C3%ADk" title="Olivovník – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Olivovník" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliva" title="Aliva – korsykański" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Aliva" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsykański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliven-sl%C3%A6gten" title="Oliven-slægten – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Oliven-slægten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96lb%C3%A4ume" title="Ölbäume – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ölbäume" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%95lipuu_(perekond)" title="Õlipuu (perekond) – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Õlipuu (perekond)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC" title="Ελιά – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελιά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olea" title="Olea – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Olea" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olea" title="Olea – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Olea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleo_(genro)" title="Oleo (genro) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Oleo (genro)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olea_(landare_generoa)" title="Olea (landare generoa) – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Olea (landare generoa)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%AA_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="درخت زیتون (سرده) – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درخت زیتون (سرده)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olea" title="Olea – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Olea" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%AB%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB" title="Ձիթենի – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ձիթենի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslina_(biljni_rod)" title="Maslina (biljni rod) – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Maslina (biljni rod)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turaka" title="Turaka – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Turaka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%C3%A6" title="Оливæ – osetyjski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Оливæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olea" title="Olea – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Olea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA_(%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%92)" title="זית (סוג) – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זית (סוג)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ზეთისხილი – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზეთისხილი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92liwka" title="Òliwka – kaszubski" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Òliwka" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kaszubski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%99%D0%B9%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Зәйтүн – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Зәйтүн" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Маслина – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Маслина" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol%C4%ABvkoki" title="Olīvkoki – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Olīvkoki" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alyvmedis" title="Alyvmedis – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alyvmedis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC" title="पारजांब – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पारजांब" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ზეთიშხილი – megrelski" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ზეთიშხილი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megrelski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="زيتون (جنس من النباتات) – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زيتون (جنس من النباتات)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olea_(boom)" title="Olea (boom) – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Olea (boom)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96%E5%B1%9E" title="オリーブ属 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オリーブ属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96%C3%B6lebuumer" title="Öölebuumer – północnofryzyjski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Öölebuumer" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="północnofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olea" title="Olea – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Olea" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olea" title="Olea – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Olea" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Маслина – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маслина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olea" title="Olea – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Olea" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliivit" title="Oliivit – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oliivit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivsl%C3%A4ktet" title="Olivsläktet – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Olivsläktet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="இடலை – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இடலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olea" title="Olea – kabylski" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Olea" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olea" title="Olea – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Olea" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Маслина – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Маслина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olyfboom_(geslacht)" title="Olyfboom (geslacht) – zachodnioflamandzki" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Olyfboom (geslacht)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="zachodnioflamandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%8A%80%E6%A6%84%E5%B1%9E" title="木犀榄属 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="木犀榄属" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q296910#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Oliwka_(ro%C5%9Blina)" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja:Oliwka_(ro%C5%9Blina)" rel="discussion" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" 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> <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Oliwka_(ro%C5%9Blina)"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliwka_(ro%C5%9Blina)&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliwka_(ro%C5%9Blina)&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliwka_(ro%C5%9Blina)&action=history"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Oliwka_(ro%C5%9Blina)" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Oliwka_(ro%C5%9Blina)" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliwka_(ro%C5%9Blina)&oldid=75576858" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliwka_(ro%C5%9Blina)&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Oliwka_%28ro%C5%9Blina%29&id=75576858&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOliwka_%28ro%25C5%259Blina%29"><span>Zobacz skrócony adres URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOliwka_%28ro%25C5%259Blina%29"><span>Pobierz kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukuj lub eksportuj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Oliwka+%28ro%C5%9Blina%29"><span>Utwórz książkę</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&page=Oliwka_%28ro%C5%9Blina%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pobierz jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliwka_(ro%C5%9Blina)&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Olea" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Olea" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q296910" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" 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class="noprint noexcerpt disambig navigation-not-searchable" style="line-height:1.5em; padding: 3px 6px; background-color: var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 1em; display: flex; gap: 4px; align-items: center;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_ujednoznaczniaj%C4%85ca" title="Inne znaczenia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/25px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/38px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/50px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span><span>Ten artykuł dotyczy drzewa. Zobacz też: <a href="/wiki/Oliwka" class="mw-disambig" title="Oliwka">inne znaczenia tego słowa</a>.</span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65453824">.mw-parser-output .takson-zwierzeta .naglowek{color:black;background:#d3d3a4}.mw-parser-output .takson-rosliny .naglowek{color:black;background:#90ee90}.mw-parser-output .takson-grzyby .naglowek{color:black;background:#add8e6}.mw-parser-output .takson-protozoa .naglowek{color:black;background:#f0e68c}.mw-parser-output .takson-chromalveolata .naglowek{color:black;background:#adff2f}.mw-parser-output .takson-excavata .naglowek{color:black;background:#f0e68c}.mw-parser-output .takson-amoebozoa .naglowek{color:black;background:#ffc8a0}.mw-parser-output .takson-opisthokonta .naglowek{color:black;background:#e0d0b0}.mw-parser-output .takson-sar .naglowek{color:black;background:Moccasin}.mw-parser-output .takson-bakterie .naglowek{color:black;background:#d3d3d3}.mw-parser-output .takson-archeony .naglowek{color:black;background:#f3e0e0}.mw-parser-output .takson-eukarionty .naglowek{color:black;background:#faf0e6}.mw-parser-output .takson-inne .naglowek{color:white;background:red}</style> <table class="infobox takson-rosliny"> <caption class="naglowek"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r75562627">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Oliwka</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ostuni_olive_grove_SS379-3339.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oliwka europejska"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ostuni_olive_grove_SS379-3339.jpg/240px-Ostuni_olive_grove_SS379-3339.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ostuni_olive_grove_SS379-3339.jpg/360px-Ostuni_olive_grove_SS379-3339.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ostuni_olive_grove_SS379-3339.jpg/480px-Ostuni_olive_grove_SS379-3339.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5524" data-file-height="3683" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Oliwka_europejska" title="Oliwka europejska">Oliwka europejska</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="naglowek" style="text-align:center; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"><a href="/wiki/Systematyka_organizm%C3%B3w" title="Systematyka organizmów">Systematyka</a><sup id="cite_ref-ruggiero_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ruggiero-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-apweb_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apweb-2">[2]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Domena_(biologia)" title="Domena (biologia)">Domena</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Eukarionty" title="Eukarionty">eukarionty</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B3lestwo_(biologia)" title="Królestwo (biologia)">Królestwo</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Ro%C5%9Bliny" title="Rośliny">rośliny</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Podkrólestwo </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Ro%C5%9Bliny_zielone" title="Rośliny zielone">rośliny zielone</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nadgromada </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Ro%C5%9Bliny_telomowe" title="Rośliny telomowe">rośliny telomowe</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Gromada_(biologia)" title="Gromada (biologia)">Gromada</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Ro%C5%9Bliny_naczyniowe" title="Rośliny naczyniowe">rośliny naczyniowe</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Podgromada </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Ro%C5%9Bliny_nasienne" title="Rośliny nasienne">rośliny nasienne</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nadklasa </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Okrytonasienne" title="Okrytonasienne">okrytonasienne</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Klasa_(biologia)" title="Klasa (biologia)">Klasa</a> </th> <td> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Magnoliopsida" title="Magnoliopsida">Magnoliopsida</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nadrząd </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Astropodobne" title="Astropodobne">astropodobne</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Rz%C4%85d_(biologia)" title="Rząd (biologia)">Rząd</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Jasnotowce" title="Jasnotowce">jasnotowce</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Rodzina_(biologia)" title="Rodzina (biologia)">Rodzina</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Oliwkowate" title="Oliwkowate">oliwkowate</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Rodzaj_(biologia)" title="Rodzaj (biologia)">Rodzaj</a> </th> <td> <p>oliwka </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="naglowek" style="text-align:center; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"><a href="/wiki/Klasyfikacja_biologiczna" title="Klasyfikacja biologiczna">Nazwa systematyczna</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:var(--color-base, black); text-align:center;"><span style="font-style:italic;">Olea</span> <a href="/wiki/Karol_Linneusz" title="Karol Linneusz">L.</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Species_Plantarum" title="Species Plantarum">Sp. Pl.: 8 (1753)</a><sup id="cite_ref-powo_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-powo-3">[3]</a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="naglowek" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><a href="/wiki/Synonim_(taksonomia)" title="Synonim (taksonomia)">Synonimy</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table class="iboxtab void"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> <ul><li><i>Enaimon</i> Raf.</li> <li><i>Leuranthus</i> Knobl.</li> <li><i>Pachyderma</i> Blume</li> <li><i>Picricarya</i> Dennst.</li> <li><i>Pogenda</i> Raf.</li> <li><i>Steganthus</i> Knobl.</li> <li><i>Stereoderma</i> Blume</li> <li><i>Tetrapilus</i> Lour.<sup id="cite_ref-grin_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grin-4">[4]</a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Olea" title="Systematyka"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/24px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/36px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/48px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Olea" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Olea">Systematyka w Wikispecies</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Olea" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Olea" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Olea">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/oliwka" title="Wikisłownik"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/28px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/42px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/56px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="122" data-file-height="117" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/oliwka" class="extiw" title="wikt:oliwka">Hasło w Wikisłowniku</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Olea_capensis_Ironwood_tree_flowers.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Olea_capensis_Ironwood_tree_flowers.JPG/220px-Olea_capensis_Ironwood_tree_flowers.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Olea_capensis_Ironwood_tree_flowers.JPG/330px-Olea_capensis_Ironwood_tree_flowers.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Olea_capensis_Ironwood_tree_flowers.JPG/440px-Olea_capensis_Ironwood_tree_flowers.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Kwitnąca gałąź <i>Olea capensis</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Air_Olive_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Air_Olive_1.JPG/220px-Air_Olive_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Air_Olive_1.JPG/330px-Air_Olive_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Air_Olive_1.JPG/440px-Air_Olive_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1747" /></a><figcaption>Owoce oliwki europejskiej</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Oliwki.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Oliwki.JPG/220px-Oliwki.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Oliwki.JPG/330px-Oliwki.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Oliwki.JPG/440px-Oliwki.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Oliwki marynowane na tureckim targu</figcaption></figure> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Olives?uselang=pl"><strong>Zobacz multimedia</strong> związane z tematem: <em>Oliwki</em></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Oliwka</b> (<i>Olea</i> <a href="/wiki/Karol_Linneusz" title="Karol Linneusz">L.</a>) – <a href="/wiki/Rodzaj_(biologia)" title="Rodzaj (biologia)">rodzaj</a> drzew należący do rodziny <a href="/wiki/Oliwkowate" title="Oliwkowate">oliwkowatych</a>. Zalicza się do niego 12 gatunków<sup id="cite_ref-powo_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-powo-3">[3]</a></sup>, choć dawniej dzielono rodzaj nawet na ponad 30 gatunków<sup id="cite_ref-mabb_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mabb-5">[5]</a></sup>. Są to zimozielone <a href="/wiki/Drzewo" title="Drzewo">drzewa</a> i <a href="/wiki/Krzew" title="Krzew">krzewy</a>. Rosną w strefie międzyzwrotnikowej i w ciepłym klimacie umiarkowanym południowej <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afryka" title="Afryka">Afryki</a>, południowej <a href="/wiki/Azja" title="Azja">Azji</a> i <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australii</a>. Największe znaczenie użytkowe ma <a href="/wiki/Oliwka_europejska" title="Oliwka europejska">oliwka europejska</a>, z której owoców pozyskuje się <a href="/wiki/Olej_oliwkowy" title="Olej oliwkowy">oliwę</a>. Gatunek ten i kilka innych z rodzaju (<i>O. capensis, O. welwitschii</i>) dostarcza cenionego, bardzo twardego <a href="/wiki/Drewno_(technika)" title="Drewno (technika)">drewna</a> (zaliczane są one do tzw. <a href="/wiki/Drzewo_%C5%BCelazne" title="Drzewo żelazne">drzew żelaznych</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-mabb_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mabb-5">[5]</a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morfologia">Morfologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliwka_(ro%C5%9Blina)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Morfologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliwka_(ro%C5%9Blina)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Morfologia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Pokrój</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Krzew" title="Krzew">Krzewy</a> i <a href="/wiki/Drzewo" title="Drzewo">drzewa</a> osiągające ok. 15 m wysokości, często cierniste<sup id="cite_ref-philips_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philips-6">[6]</a></sup>, z pozakwiatowymi <a href="/wiki/Miodnik" title="Miodnik">miodnikami</a><sup id="cite_ref-mabb_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mabb-5">[5]</a></sup>.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Li%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Liść">Liście</a></dt> <dd>Zimozielone, naprzeciwległe, ogonkowe, eliptyczne, całobrzegie, rzadziej ząbkowane lub piłkowane<sup id="cite_ref-philips_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philips-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-china_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-china-7">[7]</a></sup>.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Kwiat" title="Kwiat">Kwiaty</a></dt> <dd>Drobne, jedno- lub obupłciowe, zebrane w <a href="/wiki/Wiecha" title="Wiecha">wiechy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grono" title="Grono">grona</a> lub <a href="/wiki/Baldach" title="Baldach">baldachy</a>, wyrastające szczytowo lub w kątach liści. <a href="/wiki/Kielich_(botanika)" title="Kielich (botanika)">Kielich</a> jest dzwonkowaty, składa się z 4 działek trójkątnych lub jajowatych, często orzęsionych. Płatki <a href="/wiki/Korona_kwiatu" title="Korona kwiatu">korony</a> są cztery i u nasady zrastają się w krótką rurkę, rozpostarte łatki są kapturkowate, krótsze lub dłuższe od rurki<sup id="cite_ref-china_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-china-7">[7]</a></sup>, białawe lub zielonkawe<sup id="cite_ref-philips_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philips-6">[6]</a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Pr%C4%99cik_(botanika)" title="Pręcik (botanika)">Pręciki</a> są dwa (rzadko cztery) schowane w rurce korony, o nitkach krótkich lub całkiem zredukowanych, o <a href="/wiki/Pylnik" title="Pylnik">pylnikach</a> jajowatych, eliptycznych lub kulistawych. <a href="/wiki/Zal%C4%85%C5%BCnia" title="Zalążnia">Zalążnia</a> jest górna i dwukomorowa, w każdej komorze rozwijają się dwa <a href="/wiki/Zal%C4%85%C5%BCek" title="Zalążek">zalążki</a>. Szyjka <a href="/wiki/S%C5%82upek" title="Słupek">słupka</a> jest krótka, a czasem jej brak. <a href="/wiki/Znami%C4%99_(botanika)" title="Znamię (botanika)">Znamię</a> jest główkowate lub dwudzielne<sup id="cite_ref-china_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-china-7">[7]</a></sup>.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Owoc" title="Owoc">Owoce</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pestkowiec" title="Pestkowiec">Pestkowce</a> ze zwykle pojedynczym <a href="/wiki/Nasiono" title="Nasiono">nasionem</a> okrytym twardym <a href="/wiki/Endokarp" title="Endokarp">endokarpem</a><sup id="cite_ref-china_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-china-7">[7]</a></sup>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systematyka">Systematyka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliwka_(ro%C5%9Blina)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Systematyka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliwka_(ro%C5%9Blina)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Systematyka"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Pozycja systematyczna</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p>Rodzaj z rodziny <a href="/wiki/Oliwkowate" title="Oliwkowate">oliwkowatych</a> (<i>Oleaceae</i> Hoffmanns. & Link), a w jej obrębie z plemienia <i>Oleeae</i><sup id="cite_ref-grin_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grin-4">[4]</a></sup>. </p> <dl><dt>Wykaz gatunków<sup id="cite_ref-tpl_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tpl-8">[8]</a></sup></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olea_capensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olea capensis (strona nie istnieje)">Olea capensis</a></i> <small>L.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olea_capitellata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olea capitellata (strona nie istnieje)">Olea capitellata</a></i> <small>Ridl.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olea_chimanimani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olea chimanimani (strona nie istnieje)">Olea chimanimani</a></i> <small>Kupicha</small></li> <li><i>Olea europaea</i> <small>L.</small> – <a href="/wiki/Oliwka_europejska" title="Oliwka europejska">oliwka europejska</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olea_exasperata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olea exasperata (strona nie istnieje)">Olea exasperata</a></i> <small>Jacq.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olea_lancea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olea lancea (strona nie istnieje)">Olea lancea</a></i> <small>Lam.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olea_luzonica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olea luzonica (strona nie istnieje)">Olea luzonica</a></i> <small>Kiew</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olea_paniculata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olea paniculata (strona nie istnieje)">Olea paniculata</a></i> <small>R.Br.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olea_puberula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olea puberula (strona nie istnieje)">Olea puberula</a></i> <small>Ridl.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olea_schliebenii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olea schliebenii (strona nie istnieje)">Olea schliebenii</a></i> <small>Knobl.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olea_welwitschii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olea welwitschii (strona nie istnieje)">Olea welwitschii</a></i> <small>(Knobl.) Gilg & G.Schellenb.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olea_woodiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olea woodiana (strona nie istnieje)">Olea woodiana</a></i> <small>Knobl.</small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zastosowanie">Zastosowanie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliwka_(ro%C5%9Blina)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zastosowanie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliwka_(ro%C5%9Blina)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zastosowanie"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ro%C5%9Bliny_uprawne" title="Rośliny uprawne">Roślina uprawna</a>: w basenie <a href="/wiki/Morze_%C5%9Ar%C3%B3dziemne" title="Morze Śródziemne">Morza Śródziemnego</a> uprawiana jest od kilku tysiącleci <a href="/wiki/Oliwka_europejska" title="Oliwka europejska">oliwka europejska</a> (<i>Olea europaea</i>). Z owoców i nasion produkowany jest <a href="/wiki/Oleje" title="Oleje">olej</a> jadalny – <a href="/wiki/Olej_oliwkowy" title="Olej oliwkowy">oliwa</a>. Owoce po uprzednim odpowiednim spreparowaniu nadają się do spożycia. Są bogate w związki mineralne, przede wszystkim fosfor, potas i żelazo, a także witaminy z grupy B, prowitaminę A, oraz witaminę C i E. Należą do owoców wyjątkowo wysokokalorycznych, 100 g zawiera ok. 150 kcal (zależy to jeszcze od gatunku oliwek). Jedna mała (ok. 3 g) oliwka to 3–4 kcal. Oliwki zielone i czarne pochodzą z tych samych roślin. O kolorze decyduje etap dojrzewania owoców, na którym zostają zerwane (zielone zbierane są wcześniej). Główni eksporterzy: <a href="/wiki/Hiszpania" title="Hiszpania">Hiszpania</a>, <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82ochy" title="Włochy">Włochy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grecja" title="Grecja">Grecja</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obecność_w_kulturze_i_symbolice"><span id="Obecno.C5.9B.C4.87_w_kulturze_i_symbolice"></span>Obecność w kulturze i symbolice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliwka_(ro%C5%9Blina)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Obecność w kulturze i symbolice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliwka_(ro%C5%9Blina)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Obecność w kulturze i symbolice"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>W powszechnej tradycji oliwka symbolizuje pokój i pojednanie (<a href="/wiki/Ga%C5%82%C4%85%C5%BA_oliwna" title="Gałąź oliwna">gałązka oliwna</a>) oraz zwycięstwo, chwałę, honor, dumę, wolność, bezpieczeństwo, prawdę, sprawiedliwość, mądrość, <a href="/wiki/Rozum" title="Rozum">rozum</a>, oczyszczenie, miłosierdzie<sup id="cite_ref-W._Kopaliński_''Słownik_symboli''_(83-214-0746-3)_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W._Kopaliński_''Słownik_symboli''_(83-214-0746-3)-9">[9]</a></sup>. </p><p>Odgrywała dużą rolę w sztuce i wierzeniach narodów śródziemnomorskich. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliwka_(ro%C5%9Blina)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliwka_(ro%C5%9Blina)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ruggiero-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ruggiero_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation open-access doi pmid pmc nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Michael A.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Michael A." style="display:none">M.A.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Ruggiero</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Michael A.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Michael A.">M.A.</span></span><span class="cite-at-al" title="Michael A. Ruggiero, Dennis P. Gordon, Thomas M. Orrell, Nicolas Bailly, Thierry Bourgoin, Richard C. Brusca, Thomas Cavalier-Smith, Michael D. Guiry, Paul M. Kirk"> i inni</span>, <i>A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms</i>, „PLOS One”, 10 (4), 2015, art. nr e0119248, <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0119248">10.1371/journal.pone.0119248</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25923521">25923521</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMCID" title="PMCID">PMCID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4418965/">PMC4418965</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2020-02-20]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Michael+A.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=A+Higher+Level+Classification+of+All+Living+Organisms&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Ruggiero&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0119248&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25923521" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apweb-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-apweb_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Peter F.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Peter F." style="display:none">P.F.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Stevens</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Peter F.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Peter F.">P.F.</span></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/"><i>Angiosperm Phylogeny Website</i></a>, Missouri Botanical Garden, <span title="wielotomowe dzieło w trakcie wydawania">2001–</span><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2010-03-24]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Peter+F.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Website&rft.pub=Missouri+Botanical+Garden&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mobot.org%2FMOBOT%2Fresearch%2FAPweb%2F" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-powo-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-powo_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-powo_3-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328104-2"><i>Olea L.</i></a>, [w:] Plants of the World Online [online], Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2024-12-18]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=unknown&rft.atitle=Olea+L.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpowo.science.kew.org%2Ftaxon%2Furn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A328104-2" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grin-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-grin_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-grin_4-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomygenus?id=8414">Genus Olea L.</a>. [w:] <i>Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN-Taxonomy)</i> [on-line]. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. [dostęp 2022-04-10].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mabb-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mabb_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mabb_5-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mabb_5-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation doi nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">David J.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="David J." style="display:none">D.J.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Mabberley</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">David J.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="David J.">D.J.</span></span>, <i>Mabberley’s Plant-Book</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017, s. 644, <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2F9781316335581">10.1017/9781316335581</a>, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9781107115026" title="Specjalna:Książki/9781107115026">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-1-107-11502-6</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/982092200">982092200</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft.aulast=Mabberley&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-107-11502-6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Mabberley%E2%80%99s+Plant-Book&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F982092200&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781316335581" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-philips-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-philips_6-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-philips_6-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-philips_6-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Roger Philips, Martyn Rix: <i>The Botanical Garden. Vol. 1. Trees and shrubs</i>. London: Macmillan, 2002, s. 410. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/0333730038" title="Specjalna:Książki/0333730038">ISBN <span class="isbn isbn-ulepszony">0-333-73003-8</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Botanical+Garden.+Vol.+1.+Trees+and+shrubs&rft.au=Roger+Philips%2C+Martyn+Rix&rft.date=2002&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.place=London&rft.pages=410&rft.isbn=0333730038"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-china-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-china_7-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-china_7-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-china_7-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-china_7-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=122774">Olea Linnaeus</a>. [w:] <i>Flora of China</i> [on-line]. eFloras.org. [dostęp 2022-04-10].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tpl-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-tpl_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Oleaceae/Olea/">Olea</a>. [w:] <i>The Plant List. Version 1.1</i> [on-line]. [dostęp 2019-01-23].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-W._Kopaliński_''Słownik_symboli''_(83-214-0746-3)-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-W._Kopaliński_''Słownik_symboli''_(83-214-0746-3)_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Kopali%C5%84ski" title="Władysław Kopaliński">Władysław Kopaliński</a>: <i>Słownik symboli</i>. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna, 1990. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8321407463" title="Specjalna:Książki/8321407463">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-214-0746-3</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=S%C5%82ownik+symboli&rft.aulast=Kopali%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw&rft.date=1990&rft.pub=Wiedza+Powszechna&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.isbn=83-214-0746-3"></span></cite><span class="problemy" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet=""> Brak numerów stron w książce</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r75562624">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description"><a href="/wiki/Takson" title="Takson">takson</a></span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph1166731">ph1166731</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wielka_Encyklopedia_Rosyjska" title="Wielka Encyklopedia Rosyjska">БРЭ</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/2190263">2190263</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=Olea">Olea</a></span></li></ul> </div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div>Identyfikatory zewnętrzne:</div> <ul><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1747" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1747">Flora of China</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=122774">122774</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P846" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P846">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/3172244">3172244</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3151" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3151">identyfikator iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/57145">57145</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/28392-1">28392-1</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=32989">32989</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P685" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P685">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=4145">4145</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P5037" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P5037">Plants of the World</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A328104-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328104-2</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3105" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3105">Tela Botanica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referentiels.tela-botanica.org/referentiel/index.php?ref=bdtfx&module=FicheTaxon&num_nom=86883">86883</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P960" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P960">identyfikator Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/40031051">40031051</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1772" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1772">USDA PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/OLEA">OLEA</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P842" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P842">identyfikator taksonu Fossilworks</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=319869">319869</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8VZV4">8VZV4</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oliwka_(roślina)&oldid=75576858">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oliwka_(roślina)&oldid=75576858</a>”</div></div> <div 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