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href="https://www.msif.org/living-with-ms/international-ms-awards/james-d-wolfensohn-award/">Award for people with MS</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://www.msif.org/living-with-ms/international-ms-awards/evelyn-nicholson-award/">Award for caregivers</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown-submenu" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle="dropdown" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <a href="https://www.msif.org/?page_id=432">My story of MS</a> <div class="dropdown-menu-container" data-level="3" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <h3><a href="https://www.msif.org/?page_id=432">My story of MS</a></h3> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://www.msif.org/access-to-ms-healthcare/">Access to MS healthcare</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://www.msif.org/abdelhakim-janati/">Hanin, Jordan</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://www.msif.org/living-with-ms/my-story-of-ms/ling-pi/">Ling, Malaysia</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://www.msif.org/oumaima-benyaich/">Alexia, Cyprus</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://www.msif.org/christelle-taute/">Christelle, South Africa</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://www.msif.org/sanae-hazim/">Hao, China</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://www.msif.org/living-with-ms/my-story-of-ms/sean-hegarty/">Sean, UK</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21 menu-item-has-children dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle="dropdown" tabindex="-1"> <a href="/research/" tabindex="0">Research</a> <div class="dropdown-menu-container" data-level="2" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <h3><a href="https://www.msif.org/research/">Research</a></h3> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <a href="https://www.msif.org/about-us/who-we-are-and-what-we-do/advocacy/atlas/">AtlasofMS.org</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-submenu" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle="dropdown" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <a href="https://www.msif.org/research/challenges-of-ms-research/">Key topics in MS research</a> <div class="dropdown-menu-container" data-level="3" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <h3><a href="https://www.msif.org/research/challenges-of-ms-research/">Key topics in MS research</a></h3> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://www.msif.org/research/challenges-of-ms-research/clinical-trials-and-clinical-developments/">Clinical research and trials</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://www.msif.org/epstein-barr-virus-and-ms/">Epstein-Barr virus and MS</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://www.msif.org/research/challenges-of-ms-research/ms-registries-putting-people-with-ms-at-the-heart-of-research/">MS registries</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://www.msif.org/proms/">Patient Reported Outcomes for MS</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://www.msif.org/research/challenges-of-ms-research/research-into-ms-and-quality-of-life/">Quality of life research in MS</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://www.msif.org/research/challenges-of-ms-research/progressive-ms/">Research into Progressive MS</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://www.msif.org/research/challenges-of-ms-research/stem-cell-therapy-for-ms/">Stem cell therapy for MS</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown-submenu" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle="dropdown" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <a href="https://www.msif.org/research/awards-grants-and-fellowships/">Awards, grants and fellowships</a> <div class="dropdown-menu-container" data-level="3" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <h3><a 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href="https://www.msif.org/catchup-progressivemswebcast/">The Progressive MS Alliance webcasts</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12347 menu-item-has-children dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle="dropdown" tabindex="-1"> <a href="/access-to-ms-healthcare/" tabindex="0">Access & advocacy</a> <div class="dropdown-menu-container" data-level="2" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <h3><a href="https://www.msif.org/access-to-ms-healthcare/">Access & advocacy</a></h3> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <a href="https://www.msif.org/access-to-ms-healthcare/improve-access-to-ms-treatment/">Improve access to MS treatment</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <a href="https://www.msif.org/access-to-ms-healthcare/improve-ms-diagnosis/">Improve MS diagnosis</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <a 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<div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/about-us/">About us</a> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-nav-item"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/about-us/who-we-are-and-what-we-do/">Who we are and what we do</a> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-nav-item"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/about-us/our-strategy/">Our strategy</a> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-nav-item"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/about-us/our-members/">Our members</a> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-nav-item"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/about-us/staff/">Our staff</a> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-nav-item mobile-nav-item-children"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/about-us/governance/" 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class="mobile-nav-back-content">Back</span></button> <div class="mobile-nav-list-wrapper"> <ul class="mobile-nav-list"> <li class="mobile-nav-item mobile-nav-item-parent"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/access-to-ms-healthcare/">Access & advocacy</a> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-nav-item"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/access-to-ms-healthcare/improve-access-to-ms-treatment/">Improve access to MS treatment</a> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-nav-item"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/access-to-ms-healthcare/improve-ms-diagnosis/">Improve MS diagnosis</a> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-nav-item"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/access-to-ms-healthcare/getting-the-healthcare-i-need/">Getting the healthcare I need</a> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-nav-item"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/access-to-ms-healthcare/get-the-evidence/">Get the evidence</a> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-nav-item"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/access-to-ms-healthcare/how-to-get-started-in-advocacy/">How to get started in advocacy</a> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-nav-item"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/access-to-ms-healthcare/learn-from-others/">Learn from others</a> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-nav-item"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/access-to-ms-healthcare/msifs-work-on-access-to-ms-healthcare/">MSIF work on access</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-nav-container" id="menu-1488"> <button class="mobile-nav-back" data-goto-menu="menu-1515"><span class="mobile-nav-back-content">Back</span></button> <div class="mobile-nav-list-wrapper"> <ul class="mobile-nav-list"> <li class="mobile-nav-item mobile-nav-item-parent"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/research/awards-grants-and-fellowships/charcot-award/">Charcot Award</a> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-nav-item"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/research/awards-grants-and-fellowships/charcot-award/charcot-award-winners/">Charcot Award winners</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-nav-container" id="menu-1507"> <button class="mobile-nav-back" data-goto-menu="menu-1515"><span class="mobile-nav-back-content">Back</span></button> <div class="mobile-nav-list-wrapper"> <ul class="mobile-nav-list"> <li class="mobile-nav-item mobile-nav-item-parent"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/research/awards-grants-and-fellowships/mcdonald-fellowships/">McDonald Fellowships</a> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-nav-item"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/research/awards-grants-and-fellowships/mcdonald-fellowships/mcdonald-fellowship-recipients/">McDonald Fellowship recipients</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-nav-container" id="menu-1489"> <button class="mobile-nav-back" data-goto-menu="menu-1515"><span class="mobile-nav-back-content">Back</span></button> <div class="mobile-nav-list-wrapper"> <ul class="mobile-nav-list"> <li class="mobile-nav-item mobile-nav-item-parent"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/research/awards-grants-and-fellowships/du-pre-grants/">Du Pré Grants</a> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-nav-item"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/research/awards-grants-and-fellowships/du-pre-grants/du-pre-grant-recipients/">Du Pré Grant recipients</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-nav-container" id="menu-1515"> <button class="mobile-nav-back" data-goto-menu="menu-21"><span class="mobile-nav-back-content">Back</span></button> <div class="mobile-nav-list-wrapper"> <ul class="mobile-nav-list"> <li class="mobile-nav-item mobile-nav-item-parent"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/research/awards-grants-and-fellowships/">Awards, grants and fellowships</a> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-nav-item mobile-nav-item-children"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/research/awards-grants-and-fellowships/du-pre-grants/" data-goto-menu="menu-1489">Du Pré Grants</a> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-nav-item mobile-nav-item-children"> <div class="mobile-nav-actions"> <a class="mobile-nav-anchor" href="https://www.msif.org/research/awards-grants-and-fellowships/mcdonald-fellowships/" data-goto-menu="menu-1507">McDonald 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</div> </header> <main id="main-content"> <header class="page-header"> <div class="container"> <div class="hidden-xs row"> <nav class="col-md-9"> <ul class="breadcrumb"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="https://www.msif.org/about-ms/">About MS</a></li><li><a href="https://www.msif.org/about-ms/symptoms-of-ms/">Symptoms</a></li><li><span>Sexual problems</span></li></ul> </nav> <div class="col-md-3"> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12"> <h1>Sexual problems</h1> <p class="hidden-xs">MS can affect expressions of intimacy in several different ways</p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <p class="last-updated">Last updated: 27th October 2021</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <section class="content col-md-9"> <div class="image-blocks image-block-2 clearfix"> <div class="image-block"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxNDI3IDc5NCIgd2lkdGg9IjE0MjciIGhlaWdodD0iNzk0IiBkYXRhLXU9Imh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3Lm1zaWYub3JnJTJGd3AtY29udGVudCUyRnVwbG9hZHMlMkYyMDE5JTJGMDElMkZTdGlsbC1mcmFtZS04LmpwZyIgZGF0YS13PSIxNDI3IiBkYXRhLWg9Ijc5NCIgZGF0YS1iaXA9IiI+PC9zdmc+" data-spai="1" alt="Sex and multiple sclerosis"> </div> <div class="image-block"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxNDI5IDc5NCIgd2lkdGg9IjE0MjkiIGhlaWdodD0iNzk0IiBkYXRhLXU9Imh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3Lm1zaWYub3JnJTJGd3AtY29udGVudCUyRnVwbG9hZHMlMkYyMDE5JTJGMDElMkZTdGlsbC1mcmFtZS0yLmpwZyIgZGF0YS13PSIxNDI5IiBkYXRhLWg9Ijc5NCIgZGF0YS1iaXA9IiI+PC9zdmc+" data-spai="1" alt="Sex and MS can be a taboo topic"> </div> </div> <div class="image-blocks image-block-2 clearfix"> <div class="image-block"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxNDMwIDc5NCIgd2lkdGg9IjE0MzAiIGhlaWdodD0iNzk0IiBkYXRhLXU9Imh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3Lm1zaWYub3JnJTJGd3AtY29udGVudCUyRnVwbG9hZHMlMkYyMDE5JTJGMDElMkZTdGlsbC1mcmFtZS00LmpwZyIgZGF0YS13PSIxNDMwIiBkYXRhLWg9Ijc5NCIgZGF0YS1iaXA9IiI+PC9zdmc+" data-spai="1" alt="Multiple sclerosis and orgasms"> </div> <div class="image-block"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxNDM0IDc5NSIgd2lkdGg9IjE0MzQiIGhlaWdodD0iNzk1IiBkYXRhLXU9Imh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3Lm1zaWYub3JnJTJGd3AtY29udGVudCUyRnVwbG9hZHMlMkYyMDE5JTJGMDElMkZTdGlsbC1mcmFtZS02LmpwZyIgZGF0YS13PSIxNDM0IiBkYXRhLWg9Ijc5NSIgZGF0YS1iaXA9IiI+PC9zdmc+" data-spai="1" alt="Having MS doesn't mean giving up a satisfying sex life"> </div> </div> <p>The ways in which MS can affect sexuality and expressions of intimacy are generally divided into primary, secondary and tertiary sexual dysfunction.</p> <p>Primary sexual dysfunction is a direct result of neurologic changes that affect the sexual response. In both men and women, this can include a decrease or loss of sex drive, decreased or unpleasant genital sensations, and diminished capacity for orgasm.</p> <p>Men may experience difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection and a decrease in or loss of ejaculatory force or frequency.</p> <p>Women may experience decreased vaginal lubrication, loss of vaginal muscle tone and/or diminished clitoral engorgement.</p> <p>Secondary sexual dysfunction stems from symptoms that do not directly involve nervous pathways to the genital system, such as bladder and bowel problems, fatigue, spasticity, muscle weakness, body or hand tremors, impairments in attention and concentration, and non-genital sensory changes.</p> <p>Tertiary sexual dysfunction is the result of disability-related psychosocial and cultural issues that can interfere with one’s sexual feelings and experiences. For example, some people find it difficult to reconcile the idea of being disabled with being fully sexually expressive. Changes in self-esteem include people’s feeling about their bodies, demoralisation, depression and mood swings. These can all interfere with intimacy and sexuality.</p> <h3>Why does sexual dysfunction occur in MS?</h3> <p>Sexual response is mediated by the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). Many different areas of the brain are involved in aspects of sexual functioning, including sex drive, perception of sexual stimuli and pleasure, movement, sensation, cognition, and attention. Sexual messages are communicated between various sections of the brain, spinal cord and genitals throughout the sexual response cycle. Since MS lesions may appear on many of these myelinated pathways, it is not surprising that changes in sexual function are reported frequently by people with MS.</p> <p>There are treatment and management options available for both men and women who experience sexual dysfunction.</p> <p>Download the Intimacy and sexuality edition of <a title="MS in focus magazine" href="https://www.msif.org/living-with-ms/ms-in-focus-magazine/">MS in focus magazine</a> (you will need <a href="http://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Acrobat Reader</a> to view these):</p> <div id="stcpDiv"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.msif.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/MS-in-focus-6-Intimacy-and-sexuality-English.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">MS in focus 6 Intimacy and sexuality English [PDF, 847KB]</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.msif.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/MS-in-focus-6-Intimacy-and-sexuality-German.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">MS in focus 6 Intimacy and sexuality <span id="result_box" class="short_text" lang="de"><span class="hps">Deutsch</span></span> [PDF, 770KB]</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.msif.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/MSinFocus6Italian.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">MS in Focus 6 Intimacy and sexuality </a><a href="https://www.msif.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/MSinFocus24.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span id="result_box" class="short_text" lang="it"><span class="hps">Italiano</span></span> </a><a href="https://www.msif.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/MSinFocus6Italian.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> [PDF, 360KB]</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.msif.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/MS-in-focus-6-Intimacy-and-sexuality-Spanish.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">MS in focus 6 Intimacy and sexuality Español [PDF, 728KB]</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="image-blocks image-block-2 clearfix"> <div class="image-block"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMDI0IDY4MyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIGhlaWdodD0iNjgzIiBkYXRhLXU9Imh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3Lm1zaWYub3JnJTJGd3AtY29udGVudCUyRnVwbG9hZHMlMkYyMDE0JTJGMTAlMkZTcGFpbi0xOC1scjIuanBnIiBkYXRhLXc9IjEwMjQiIGRhdGEtaD0iNjgzIiBkYXRhLWJpcD0iIj48L3N2Zz4=" data-spai="1" alt="Man with MS with his arm round his wife"> <p class="image-caption">Madrid, Spain, 10/2011. As Antonio’s world becomes more confined by the walls of their apartment, his wife Milagros Albertos feels her role is evolving from wife and partner to nurse or mother. She is losing important elements of her own identity and is often faced with difficult choices such as going out with friends or staying in to show her support. As their financial situation worsens, they are forced to consider moving in with Antonio’s mother. Credit: Lurdes R. Basolí. Published on this website by kind permission of the European Multiple Sclerosis Platform.</p> </div> <div class="image-block"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMDI0IDY4MiIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIGhlaWdodD0iNjgyIiBkYXRhLXU9Imh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3Lm1zaWYub3JnJTJGd3AtY29udGVudCUyRnVwbG9hZHMlMkYyMDE0JTJGMDklMkZhLUhvbGRpbmctaGFuZHMuanBnIiBkYXRhLXc9IjEwMjQiIGRhdGEtaD0iNjgyIiBkYXRhLWJpcD0iIj48L3N2Zz4=" data-spai="1" alt="Two hands clasped together"> </div> </div> </section> <section class="sidebar col-md-3"> <a href="/donate" class="bg-primary-red block block-simple block-donate widget" data-gtm-event="banner"> <div class="block-inner"> <h2>Make a donation</h2> <footer> <span class="btn btn-primary">Click here</span> </footer> </div> </a> <div> <section class="widget widget-links"> <header> <h3>Further information on sex, intimacy and relationships</h3> </header> <ul class="links"> <li><a href="https://www.msif.org/about-ms/symptoms-of-ms/sexual-problems/">Sexual problems</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.msif.org/resource-topic/relationships-sex-intimacy/">Resources on relationships, sex and intimacy</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.mssociety.org.uk/about-ms/signs-and-symptoms/sex-and-relationships">Sex and relationships (English)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.scleroseforeningen.dk/seksualitet-og-sclerose">Sexuality and MS microsite (Danish)</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> </section> </div> </div> </main> <div id="root-footer"></div> </div> <footer class="footer" id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="footer-top"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="footer-heading"><a href="/contact-us">Contact us</a></div> <p>MS International Federation<br> 7-14 Great Dover Street<br> London SE1 4YR<br> United Kingdom</p> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="footer-heading">Follow us</div> <p class="hidden-xs">Keep in touch with our work on Twitter, Facebook and YouTube.</p> <ul class="social-links"> <li class="twitter"><a href="https://twitter.com/MSIntFederation" title="Follow us on Twitter">Twitter</a></li> <li class="facebook"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Multiple-Sclerosis-International-Federation/110033075774139" title="Like us on Facebook">Facebook</a></li> <li class="youtube"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/MSIFmedia" title="Subscribe to our YouTube channel">YouTube</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="footer-heading">Translate this site</div> <p>Parts of this site are available in Arabic and Spanish. 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