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class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>API与协议</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-API与协议-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-API与设备接口" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#API与设备接口"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>API与设备接口</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-API与设备接口-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Web_API" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Web_API"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Web API</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Web_API-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-数据类API" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#数据类API"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>数据类API</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-数据类API-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">应用程序接口</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。70种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="واجهة برمجة التطبيقات – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="واجهة برمجة التطبيقات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interfaz_de_programaci%C3%B3n_d%27aplicaciones" title="Interfaz de programación d'aplicaciones – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Interfaz de programación d'aplicaciones" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%99tbiqi_proqramla%C5%9Fd%C4%B1rma_interfeysi" title="Tətbiqi proqramlaşdırma interfeysi – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tətbiqi proqramlaşdırma interfeysi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/API" title="API – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="API" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Приложно-програмен интерфейс – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Приложно-програмен интерфейс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8" title="অ্যাপ্লিকেশন প্রোগ্রামিং ইন্টারফেস – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যাপ্লিকেশন প্রোগ্রামিং ইন্টারফেস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplikativni_programski_interfejs" title="Aplikativni programski interfejs – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Aplikativni programski interfejs" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interf%C3%ADcie_de_programaci%C3%B3_d%27aplicacions" title="Interfície de programació d'aplicacions – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Interfície de programació d'aplicacions" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ناوبەستی بەرنامەسازیی بەرنامەی بەکاربەری – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناوبەستی بەرنامەسازیی بەرنامەی بەکاربەری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/API" title="API – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="API" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface" title="Application programming interface – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Application programming interface" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmierschnittstelle" title="Programmierschnittstelle – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Programmierschnittstelle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AE_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D_%CE%B5%CF%86%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Διεπαφή προγραμματισμού εφαρμογών – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διεπαφή προγραμματισμού εφαρμογών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/API" title="API – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="API" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplikprograma_interfaco" title="Aplikprograma interfaco – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aplikprograma interfaco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/API" title="API – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="API" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakendusliides" title="Rakendusliides – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rakendusliides" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/API" title="API – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="API" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B7_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="واسط برنامه‌نویسی کاربردی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واسط برنامه‌نویسی کاربردی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohjelmointirajapinta" title="Ohjelmointirajapinta – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ohjelmointirajapinta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_de_programmation" title="Interface de programmation – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Interface de programmation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API" title="API – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="API" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comh%C3%A9adan_feidhmchl%C3%A1ir" title="Comhéadan feidhmchláir – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Comhéadan feidhmchláir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_de_programaci%C3%B3n_de_aplicaci%C3%B3n" title="Interface de programación de aplicación – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Interface de programación de aplicación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/API" title="API – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="API" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A7_%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ממשק תכנות יישומים – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממשק תכנות יישומים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88" title="एपीआई – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एपीआई" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API" title="API – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="API" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalmaz%C3%A1sprogramoz%C3%A1si_fel%C3%BClet" title="Alkalmazásprogramozási felület – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alkalmazásprogramozási felület" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_Programming_Interface_(API)" title="Application Programming Interface (API) – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Application Programming Interface (API)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarmuka_pemrograman_aplikasi" title="Antarmuka pemrograman aplikasi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Antarmuka pemrograman aplikasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/API" title="API – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="API" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplikala_programif-interkonekto" title="Aplikala programif-interkonekto – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Aplikala programif-interkonekto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface" title="Application programming interface – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Application programming interface" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9" title="アプリケーションプログラミングインタフェース – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アプリケーションプログラミングインタフェース" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="აპლიკაციის პროგრამირების ინტერფეისი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აპლიკაციის პროგრამირების ინტერფეისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Программалық интерфейс – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Программалық интерфейс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/API" title="API – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="API" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplikacij%C5%B3_programavimo_s%C4%85saja" title="Aplikacijų programavimo sąsaja – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aplikacijų programavimo sąsaja" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietojumprogrammas_saskarne" title="Lietojumprogrammas saskarne – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lietojumprogrammas saskarne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ആപ്ലിക്കേഷൻ പ്രോഗ്രാമിങ് ഇന്റർഫേസ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആപ്ലിക്കേഷൻ പ്രോഗ്രാമിങ് ഇന്റർഫേസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/API" title="API – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="API" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antara_muka_pengaturcaraan_aplikasi" title="Antara muka pengaturcaraan aplikasi – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Antara muka pengaturcaraan aplikasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface" title="Application programming interface – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Application programming interface" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmeringsgrensesnitt" title="Programmeringsgrensesnitt – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Programmeringsgrensesnitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmeringsgrensesnitt" title="Programmeringsgrensesnitt – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Programmeringsgrensesnitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interfejs_programowania_aplikacji" title="Interfejs programowania aplikacji – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Interfejs programowania aplikacji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/API" title="API – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="API" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_de_programa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_aplica%C3%A7%C3%B5es" title="Interface de programação de aplicações – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Interface de programação de aplicações" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/API" title="API – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="API" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_Programming_Interface" title="Application Programming Interface – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Application Programming Interface" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/API" title="API – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="API" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplikacijsko_programsko_su%C4%8Delje" title="Aplikacijsko programsko sučelje – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aplikacijsko programsko sučelje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface" title="Application programming interface – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Application programming interface" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface" title="Application programming interface – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Application programming interface" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vmesnik_za_namensko_programiranje" title="Vmesnik za namensko programiranje – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vmesnik za namensko programiranje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interfejsi_p%C3%ABr_programimin_e_aplikacioneve" title="Interfejsi për programimin e aplikacioneve – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Interfejsi për programimin e aplikacioneve" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API" title="API – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="API" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applikationsprogrammeringsgr%C3%A4nssnitt" title="Applikationsprogrammeringsgränssnitt – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Applikationsprogrammeringsgränssnitt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="செயலி நிரலாக்க இடைமுகம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செயலி நிரலாக்க இடைமுகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD" title="เอพีไอ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอพีไอ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface" title="Application programming interface – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Application programming interface" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uygulama_programlama_aray%C3%BCz%C3%BC" title="Uygulama programlama arayüzü – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uygulama programlama arayüzü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Прикладний програмний інтерфейс – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прикладний програмний інтерфейс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="ایپلیکیشن پروگرامنگ انٹرفیس – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایپلیکیشن پروگرامنگ انٹرفیس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/API" title="API – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="API" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giao_di%E1%BB%87n_l%E1%BA%ADp_tr%C3%ACnh_%E1%BB%A9ng_d%E1%BB%A5ng" title="Giao diện lập trình ứng dụng – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giao diện lập trình ứng dụng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3" title="应用程序接口 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="应用程序接口" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="აპლიკაციაშ პროგრამირებაშ ინტერფეისი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აპლიკაციაშ პროგრამირებაშ ინტერფეისი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E4%BB%8B%E9%9D%A2" title="應用程式介面 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="應用程式介面" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" 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data-noteta-code="zh-hans:邮政编码; zh-hant:郵遞區號"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:端系统; zh-hant:端點系統"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>「<b>API</b>」重定向至此。關於其他意思，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/API_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="API (消歧義)">API (消歧義)</a></b>」。</div> <p><b>应用程序接口</b>（英語：<span lang="en"><b>a</b>pplication <b>p</b>rogramming <b>i</b>nterface</span><sup id="cite_ref-刘瑞新2018_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-刘瑞新2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>），缩写为<b>API</b><sup id="cite_ref-UnmehopaVemuri2006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UnmehopaVemuri2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，是一种<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="计算">计算</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E9%9D%A2_(%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80)" title="介面 (資訊科技)">接口</a>，它定义多个<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="软件">软件</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BB%8B" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="中介">中介</a>之间的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="交互（页面不存在）">交互</a>，以及可以进行的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%83%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="调用（页面不存在）">调用</a>（call）或<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="请求（页面不存在）">请求</a>（request）的种类，如何进行调用或发出请求，应使用的数据格式，应遵循的惯例等。它还可以提供<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="扩展机制（页面不存在）">扩展机制</a>，以便用户可以通过各种方式对现有功能进行不同程度的扩展<sup id="cite_ref-Fisher1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。一个API可以是完全定制的，针对某个组件的，也可以是基于行业标准设计的以确保互操作性。通过<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%9A%84%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="面向对象的程序设计">信息隐藏</a>，API实现了<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%8C%96%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B" title="模块化编程">模块化编程</a>，从而允许用户实现独立地使用接口。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概要"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.A6.81"></span>概要</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：概要"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>应用程序接口是指電腦<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统">操作系统</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E5%BC%8F%E5%BA%AB" title="函式庫">程式函式庫</a>提供給應用程式呼叫使用的程式碼，其主要目的是讓應用程式開發人員得以呼叫一組<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0_(%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6)" class="mw-redirect" title="函数 (计算机科学)">例程</a>功能，而無須考慮其底層的原始碼為何、或理解其内部工作機制的細節。API本身是<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E5%8C%96_(%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8)" title="抽象化 (計算機科學)">抽象</a>的，它僅定義了一個<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E9%9D%A2_(%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8)" class="mw-redirect" title="介面 (電腦科學)">介面</a>，而不涉及应用程序在实际实现过程中的具体操作。 </p><p>例如，图形库中的一组API定義了繪製<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E6%A8%99" class="mw-disambig" title="指標">指標</a>的方式，可於图形输出设备上顯示指標。當應用程式需要指標功能時，可在引用、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%A8%E8%AD%AF%E5%99%A8" title="編譯器">編譯</a>時連結到這組API，而執行時就會呼叫此API的實現（库）來顯示指標。 </p><p>应用程序接口可以是一組數量上千、極其複雜的函數和副程式，可讓程式設計師做很多工作，譬如「讀取文件」、「顯示選單」、「在視窗中顯示網頁」等等。<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统">操作系统</a>的API可用來分配<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" class="mw-disambig" title="記憶體">記憶體</a>或讀取<a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88" title="檔案">檔案</a>。許多系統應用程式藉由API接口來實現，像是圖形系統、資料庫、網路<a href="/wiki/Web%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1" title="Web服务">Web服务</a>，甚至是線上遊戲。 </p><p>与用户界面（将计算机连接到人）形成对比的是，应用程序编程接口（API）将计算机或软件模块彼此连接。它并不是为直接由人（终端用户）使用而设计的，除非是计算机程序员在将其整合到软件中。API通常由作为程序员可用的工具或服务的不同部分组成。使用API这些部分中的一个的程序或程序员被认为是“调用”API的那部分。构成API的调用也被称为子程序、方法、请求或端点。API规范定义了这些调用，意味着它解释了如何使用或实现它们。 </p><p>API的一个目的是隐藏系统工作的内部细节，仅暴露出程序员会觉得有用的那些部分，并即使内部细节稍后发生变化也保持它们的一致性。API可以为一个特定的系统对定制构建，或者它可能是一个允许多个系统之间互操作的共享标准。 </p><p>APIs适用于编程语言、软件库、计算机操作系统和计算机硬件。API起源于1940年代，尽管这个术语直到1960年代和1970年代才出现。现代对API这个术语的使用经常指的是网络API，它们允许通过互联网连接的计算机之间进行通信。API的最新发展促进了微服务的流行，这些微服务是通过公共API访问的松散耦合服务。 </p><p>应用程序接口有诸多不同设计。用于快速执行的接口通常包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0_(%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6)" class="mw-redirect" title="函数 (计算机科学)">函数</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="常量">常量</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="变量">变量</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="数据结构">数据结构</a>。也有其它方式，如通过<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8A%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="解释器">解释器</a>，或是提供抽象层以遮蔽同API实现相关的信息，确保使用API的代码无需更改而适应实现变化。 </p><p>应用程序接口經常是<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E5%8C%85" title="软件开发工具包">软件开发工具包</a>（SDK）的一部分。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="API種類"><span id="API.E7.A8.AE.E9.A1.9E"></span>API種類</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：API種類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>API又分为（<a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>、<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>、<a href="/wiki/Unix" class="mw-redirect" title="Unix">Unix</a>等系统的）系统级API，及非操作系统级的自定义API。作为一种有效的代码封装模式，微软<a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>的API开发模式已经为许多商业应用开发的公司所借鉴，并开发出某些商业应用系统的API函数予以发布，方便第三方进行功能扩展。如<a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B9%E6%9E%9C%E7%94%B5%E8%84%91%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="苹果电脑公司">苹果电脑公司</a>，以及诺基亚等手机开发的API等等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="面向对象语言的API"><span id=".E9.9D.A2.E5.90.91.E5.AF.B9.E8.B1.A1.E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80.E7.9A.84API"></span>面向对象语言的API</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：面向对象语言的API"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="JAVA API 列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Java APIs"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=JAVA_API_%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JAVA API 列表（页面不存在）">JAVA API 列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Java_APIs" class="extiw" title="en:List of Java APIs"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Java APIs</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="库与框架的API"><span id=".E5.BA.93.E4.B8.8E.E6.A1.86.E6.9E.B6.E7.9A.84API"></span>库与框架的API</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：库与框架的API"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_API" title="Windows API">Windows API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E8%BD%AF" title="微软">微软</a><a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>的<a href="/wiki/DirectX" title="DirectX">DirectX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_DirectMedia_Layer" class="mw-redirect" title="Simple DirectMedia Layer">Simple DirectMedia Layer</a>（SDL）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="API与协议"><span id="API.E4.B8.8E.E5.8D.8F.E8.AE.AE"></span>API与协议</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：API与协议"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="LDAP應用程式介面" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="LDAP Application Program Interface"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=LDAP%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E4%BB%8B%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LDAP應用程式介面（页面不存在）">LDAP應用程式介面</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LDAP_Application_Program_Interface" class="extiw" title="en:LDAP Application Program Interface"><span lang="en" dir="auto">LDAP Application Program Interface</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="API与设备接口"><span id="API.E4.B8.8E.E8.AE.BE.E5.A4.87.E6.8E.A5.E5.8F.A3"></span>API与设备接口</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：API与设备接口"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>PC <a href="/wiki/BIOS" title="BIOS">BIOS</a>调用接口</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASPI" class="mw-redirect" title="ASPI">ASPI</a> for <a href="/wiki/SCSI" class="mw-redirect" title="SCSI">SCSI</a> device interfacing</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Web_API">Web API</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：Web API"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/Web_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Web service">Web service</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE" title="Google地图">Google地图</a>的API</li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/API" class="extiw" title="mw:API">MediaWiki API</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="数据类API"><span id=".E6.95.B0.E6.8D.AE.E7.B1.BBAPI"></span>数据类API</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：数据类API"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>用于用户身份识别的API，对用户身份进行核验，对开展活动进行风险有效性规避。</li> <li>用于活动数据三方对接的API，将一方活动关键性数据，传递给另外一方。多用于集成系统的场景应用。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-刘瑞新2018-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-刘瑞新2018_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">刘瑞新. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D8HUDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT229">计算机组装、维护与维修教程</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="机械工业出版社">机械工业出版社</a>. 2018年8月29日: 229– <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2020年7月28日]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-111-53541-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-111-53541-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-111-53541-6</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731042354/https://books.google.com/books?id=D8HUDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT229">存档</a>于2020年7月31日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3&rft.au=%E5%88%98%E7%91%9E%E6%96%B0&rft.btitle=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BB%84%E8%A3%85%E3%80%81%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%B4%E4%BF%AE%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B&rft.date=2018-08-29&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-111-53541-6&rft.pages=229-&rft.pub=%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD8HUDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT229&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UnmehopaVemuri2006-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UnmehopaVemuri2006_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Musa Unmehopa; Kumar Vemuri; Andy Bennett. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eSGYZYoeTzgC&pg=PA282">Parlay / OSA: From Standards to Reality</a>. John Wiley & Sons. 4 August 2006: 282– <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-07-28</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-470-02823-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-470-02823-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-470-02823-0</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731045251/https://books.google.com/books?id=eSGYZYoeTzgC&pg=PA282">存档</a>于2020-07-31）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3&rft.au=Andy+Bennett&rft.au=Kumar+Vemuri&rft.au=Musa+Unmehopa&rft.btitle=Parlay+%2F+OSA%3A+From+Standards+to+Reality&rft.date=2006-08-04&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-470-02823-0&rft.pages=282-&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeSGYZYoeTzgC%26pg%3DPA282&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fisher1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fisher1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Fisher, Sharon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YToEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA6&dq=application+programming+interface#v=onepage">OS/2 EE to Get 3270 Interface Early</a>. Google Books. 1989 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-07-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726092835/https://books.google.com/books?id=YToEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA6&dq=application+programming+interface#v=onepage">存档</a>于2020-07-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3&rft.atitle=OS%2F2+EE+to+Get+3270+Interface+Early&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYToEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA6%26dq%3Dapplication%2Bprogramming%2Binterface%23v%3Donepage&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110903030015/http://lcsd05.cs.tamu.edu/slides/keynote.pdf">设计好的应用程序接口之法及其重要性</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lior.ca/publications/api_design.pdf">如何写应用程序接口</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120403153335/http://www.lior.ca/publications/api_design.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span> 可实现的范例，并带有详细的代码及原因。</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/WebServices/soa/">面向服务的体系结构（SOA）：通向企业应用集成（EAI）之路</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090831085949/http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/WebServices/soa/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink.exe/fetch/2000/2489/186491/186605/Jtc1_Directives.pdf?nodeid=3959538&vernum=0">ISO/IEC JTC 1 Directives, 5th Edition Version 3.0, Annex J: Guidelines for API standardization</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070327180653/http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink.exe/fetch/2000/2489/186491/186605/Jtc1_Directives.pdf?nodeid=3959538&vernum=0">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_device_cdrom_unmount.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Crystal_Clear_device_cdrom_unmount.png/28px-Crystal_Clear_device_cdrom_unmount.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Crystal_Clear_device_cdrom_unmount.png/42px-Crystal_Clear_device_cdrom_unmount.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Crystal_Clear_device_cdrom_unmount.png/56px-Crystal_Clear_device_cdrom_unmount.png 2x" data-file-width="128" 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class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:计算机程序设计">计算机程序设计主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="软件工程">软件工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E9%9D%A2_(%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80)" title="介面 (資訊科技)">介面</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="文档对象模型">文档对象模型</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:操作系统"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="操作系统" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统">操作系统</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">概述</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="操作系统宣传" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Operating system advocacy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%AE%A3%E4%BC%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="操作系统宣传（页面不存在）">宣传</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system_advocacy" class="extiw" title="en:Operating system advocacy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Operating system advocacy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="操作系统比较" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Comparison of operating systems"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="操作系统比较（页面不存在）">比较</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems" class="extiw" title="en:Comparison of operating systems"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Comparison of operating systems</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鑑識软件工程" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Forensic software engineering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%91%91%E8%AD%98%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鑑識软件工程（页面不存在）">鑑識软件工程</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_software_engineering" class="extiw" title="en:Forensic software engineering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Forensic software engineering</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="操作系统历史">历史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="业余操作系统研发" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hobbyist operating system development"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9A%E4%BD%99%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%A0%94%E5%8F%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="业余操作系统研发（页面不存在）">爱好者开发</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobbyist_operating_system_development" class="extiw" title="en:Hobbyist operating system development"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hobbyist operating system development</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="操作系统列表">列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="作業系統歷史年表">年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E4%BB%BD%E9%A2%9D" title="操作系统使用份额">份额</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8" title="内核">内核</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="计算机系统结构">系统结构</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width: auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exokernel" title="Exokernel">Exokernel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83" title="混合核心">混合</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%85%A7%E6%A0%B8" title="微內核">微內核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E5%A1%8A%E6%80%A7%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83" title="整塊性核心">整塊性核心</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尾闾内核" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rump kernel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BE%E9%97%BE%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尾闾内核（页面不存在）">尾闾内核</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rump_kernel" class="extiw" title="en:Rump kernel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rump kernel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8" title="单一内核">单一内核</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 7em;">组件</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width: auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F" title="驱动程序">驱动程序</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%BC%89%E5%85%A5%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83%E6%A8%A1%E7%B5%84" title="可載入核心模組">可載入核心模組</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%85%A7%E6%A0%B8" title="微內核">微內核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%80%85%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93" title="使用者空間">使用者空間</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%A8%8B%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="行程管理">行程管理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 7em;">概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width: auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%8B%E6%96%87%E4%BA%A4%E6%8F%9B" title="上下文交換">上下文交換</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%B7" title="中斷">中斷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%A8%8B%E9%96%93%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A" title="行程間通訊">行程間通訊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%A8%8B" title="行程">行程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%A8%8B%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E8%A1%A8" title="行程控制表">行程控制表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E6%97%B6%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="实时操作系统">实时操作系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B" title="线程">线程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%99%82%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="分時系統">分時系統</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E5%BA%A6_(%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA)" title="调度 (计算机)">调度算法</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width: auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="多任务处理">多任务处理</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="固定优先级抢占" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fixed-priority pre-emptive scheduling"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E4%BC%98%E5%85%88%E7%BA%A7%E6%8A%A2%E5%8D%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="固定优先级抢占（页面不存在）">固定优先级抢占</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-priority_pre-emptive_scheduling" class="extiw" title="en:Fixed-priority pre-emptive scheduling"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fixed-priority pre-emptive scheduling</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="多级反馈队列" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Multilevel feedback queue"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E7%BA%A7%E5%8F%8D%E9%A6%88%E9%98%9F%E5%88%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多级反馈队列（页面不存在）">多级反馈队列</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilevel_feedback_queue" class="extiw" title="en:Multilevel feedback queue"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Multilevel feedback queue</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%A2%E5%8D%A0%E5%BC%8F%E5%A4%9A%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="抢占式多任务处理">抢占式多任务处理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0%E5%88%B6" title="循環制">循環制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E4%BC%98%E5%85%88" title="短进程优先">短进程优先</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="記憶體管理">記憶體管理</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90_(%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8)" title="資源 (計算機科學)">資源</a>保护</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%BA%BF%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF" title="总线错误">总线错误</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF" title="一般保护错误">一般保护错误</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7" title="記憶體保護">記憶體保護</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%A0%81" title="分頁">分頁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E7%BA%A7%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%9F%9F" title="分级保护域">分级保护域</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%E5%8D%80%E6%AE%B5%E9%8C%AF%E8%AA%A4" title="記憶體區段錯誤">記憶體區段錯誤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98" title="虚拟内存">虚拟内存</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%8F%AE%E7%99%BC%E6%80%A7%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="非揮發性記憶體">存储</a>访问和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="文件系统">文件系统</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9F%E5%8B%95%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="啟動程式">啟動程式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%8E%E7%89%87%E9%87%8D%E7%B5%84" title="碎片重組">碎片重組</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="设备文件 (Unix)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Device file"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6_(Unix)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="设备文件 (Unix)（页面不存在）">设备文件</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_file" class="extiw" title="en:Device file"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Device file</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7" title="文件属性">文件属性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inode" title="Inode">Inode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%97%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="日志文件系统">日志</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E7%9B%98%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" title="硬盘分区">分区</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="虛擬檔案系統">虛擬檔案系統</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="虚拟磁带库" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Virtual tape library"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%A3%81%E5%B8%A6%E5%BA%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虚拟磁带库（页面不存在）">虚拟磁带库</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_tape_library" class="extiw" title="en:Virtual tape library"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Virtual tape library</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="操作系统列表">操作系统列表</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmigaOS" title="AmigaOS">AmigaOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android" title="Android">Android</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeOS" title="BeOS">BeOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSD" title="BSD">BSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU" title="GNU">GNU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiku" title="Haiku">Haiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%BF%E8%92%99_(%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F)" title="鸿蒙 (操作系统)">鸿蒙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illumos" title="Illumos">Illumos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E9%87%91%E5%A1%94%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="麦金塔操作系统">Macintosh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">MacOS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MINIX" title="MINIX">MINIX</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="MorphOS" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="MorphOS"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MorphOS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MorphOS（页面不存在）">MorphOS</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MorphOS" class="extiw" title="en:MorphOS"><span lang="en" dir="auto">MorphOS</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="MUSIC/SP" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="MUSIC/SP"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MUSIC/SP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MUSIC/SP（页面不存在）">MUSIC/SP</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MUSIC/SP" class="extiw" title="en:MUSIC/SP"><span lang="en" dir="auto">MUSIC/SP</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="NOS" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="NOS (software)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NOS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NOS（页面不存在）">NOS</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOS_(software)" class="extiw" title="en:NOS (software)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">NOS (software)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGB_TVOS" class="mw-redirect" title="NGB TVOS">NGB TVOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ORVYL" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ORVYL and WYLBUR"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ORVYL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ORVYL（页面不存在）">ORVYL</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORVYL_and_WYLBUR" class="extiw" title="en:ORVYL and WYLBUR"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ORVYL and WYLBUR</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="OSv" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="OSv"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSv（页面不存在）">OSv</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSv" class="extiw" title="en:OSv"><span lang="en" dir="auto">OSv</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Pick操作系统" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pick operating system"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pick%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pick操作系统（页面不存在）">Pick</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pick_operating_system" class="extiw" title="en:Pick operating system"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pick operating system</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QNX" title="QNX">QNX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReactOS" title="ReactOS">ReactOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">Redox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RISC_OS" title="RISC OS">RISC OS</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="RSTS/E" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="RSTS/E"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=RSTS/E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RSTS/E（页面不存在）">RSTS/E</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSTS/E" class="extiw" title="en:RSTS/E"><span lang="en" dir="auto">RSTS/E</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSX-11" title="RSX-11">RSX-11</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="RT-11" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="RT-11"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=RT-11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RT-11（页面不存在）">RT-11</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT-11" class="extiw" title="en:RT-11"><span lang="en" dir="auto">RT-11</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solaris" title="Solaris">Solaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOPS-10" title="TOPS-10">TOPS-10</a>/<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="TOPS-20" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="TOPS-20"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TOPS-20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TOPS-20（页面不存在）">TOPS-20</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOPS-20" class="extiw" title="en:TOPS-20"><span lang="en" dir="auto">TOPS-20</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Transaction Processing Facility" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Transaction Processing Facility"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transaction_Processing_Facility&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transaction Processing Facility（页面不存在）">TPF</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaction_Processing_Facility" class="extiw" title="en:Transaction Processing Facility"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Transaction Processing Facility</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TvOS" title="TvOS">tvOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX">UNIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UOS" class="mw-redirect" title="UOS">UOS</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Visi On" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Visi On"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visi_On&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visi On（页面不存在）">Visi On</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visi_On" class="extiw" title="en:Visi On"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Visi On</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="VM (operating system)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="VM (operating system)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=VM_(operating_system)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VM (operating system)（页面不存在）">VM/CMS</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VM_(operating_system)" class="extiw" title="en:VM (operating system)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">VM (operating system)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="VS/9" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="VS/9"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=VS/9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VS/9（页面不存在）">VS/9</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VS/9" class="extiw" title="en:VS/9"><span lang="en" dir="auto">VS/9</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Xinu" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Xinu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinu（页面不存在）">Xinu</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinu" class="extiw" title="en:Xinu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Xinu</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z/OS" title="Z/OS">z/OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">应用程序接口</a>（API）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="计算机网络">计算机网络</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E9%AB%94%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E5%B1%A4" title="硬體抽象層">硬體抽象層</a>（HAL）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_CD" title="Live CD">Live CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_USB" title="Live USB">Live USB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4" title="殼層">殼層</a>（OS Shell） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%A1%8C%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2" title="命令行界面">命令行界面</a>（CLI）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2" title="图形用户界面">图形用户界面</a>（GUI）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文本用户界面" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Text-based user interface"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文本用户界面（页面不存在）">TUI</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text-based_user_interface" class="extiw" title="en:Text-based user interface"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Text-based user interface</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="语音用户接口" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Voice user interface"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="语音用户接口（页面不存在）">VUI</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_user_interface" class="extiw" title="en:Voice user interface"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Voice user interface</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%84%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83" title="预启动执行环境">预启动执行环境</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" 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