Spanish: Asthma/Asma Symptom, Diagnosis, Management & Treatment

<!DOCTYPE html>   <html dir="ltr" lang="en-US" class="no-js"> <head id="head"><title> Spanish: Asthma/Asma Symptom, Diagnosis, Management & Treatment </title><meta name="description" content="Spanish Content: An overview of asthma/asma symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and management written by experts in allergy, asthma and immunology" /> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="keywords" content="asma, asthma, airways, lungs, bronchial tubes, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, exercise-induced asthma, occupational asthma, childhood asthma, allergist, immunologist, spiromtery, inhaled corticosteroids, fluticasone, Flovent Diskus, Flovent HFA, budesonide, Pulmicort Flexhaler, mometasone, Asmanex, ciclesonide, Alvesco, flunisolide, Aerobid, beclomethasone, Qvar, inhalers, inhaled corticosteroid, long-acting beta agonist, LABA, fluticasone, salmeterol, Advair Diskus, Advair HFA, budesonide, formoterol, Symbicort, mometasone, formoterol, Dulera, leukotriene modifiers, montelukast, Singulair, zafirlukast, Accolate, zileuton, Zyflo, Zyflo CR, short-acting beta agonists, inhaled bronchodilator, albuterol, ProAir HFA, Ventolin HFA, levalbuterol, Xopenex HFA, pirbuterol, oral and intravenous corticosteroids, prednisone, methylprednisolone" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin /> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Lato:wght@400;700&family=Raleway:wght@400;700&display=swap" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Lato:wght@400;700&family=Raleway:wght@400;700&display=swap" media="print" onload="this.media='all'" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/asma" /> <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Lato:wght@400;700&family=Raleway:wght@400;700&display=swap" /> </noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/aaaai/build/css/styles.css" /> <link href="/Aaaai/build/webfonts/css/fontawesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="/Aaaai/build/webfonts/css/brands.min.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="/Aaaai/build/webfonts/css/solid.min.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="/Aaaai/build/webfonts/css/regular.min.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/Ecentricarts/Css/AccessibleForms/eca-accessible-forms.css" /> <script type="text/javascript">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5DXN9N');</script> <link href="/Aaaai/Styles/Print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" /> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.2/jquery.min.js"></script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/AAAAI/assets/css/cookie_notice.css?v=01082020" /> <script src="/CMSScripts/Custom/cookie_notice.js"></script> <link href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"/> <link href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="icon"/> </head> <body class="LTR IE ENUS ContentBody" >   <div class="cookieNotice"> <div class="noticeTitle"> <h2>Cookie Notice</h2> </div> <div id="textContainer"> <div class="noticeBody"> <p>This site uses cookies. 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href="/Conditions-Treatments" title="Conditions & Treatments"> Conditions & Treatments </a> </li> <li class="c-breadcrumb__item"> <a href="/Conditions-Treatments/Afecciones-y-Tratamientos" title="Afecciones y Tratamientos (Conditions and Treatments)"> Afecciones y Tratamientos (Conditions and Treatments) </a> </li> <li class="c-breadcrumb__item" aria-current="page"> Asma (Asthma) </li> </ol> </nav>  </div> <div class="column is-2 is-offset-1 o-favs">  <section class="section section--breadcrumbs-favs"> <div class="container"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column is-2 is-offset-1 o-favs">   </div> </div> </div> </section>  </div> </div> </div> </section> </header> <main class="c-main" id="content">  <section class="section section--main-content section--subpage-w-nav"> <div class="container"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column is-8">  <main> <article class="o-content"> <h1>Asma (Asthma)</h1><h2></h2><div> <div class="c-social-sharing"> <h4 class="c-social-sharing__heading">Share this page:</h4> <ul class="c-links"> <li class="c-link__item"> <a id="p_lt_ctl03_pageplaceholder_p_lt_ctl00_AAAAI_SocialSharing2_faceBook" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="c-social-sharing__link hide-ext-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.aaaai.org/Conditions-Treatments/Afecciones-y-Tratamientos/Asma" target="_blank"><span class="fab fa-facebook"></span></a> </li> <li class="c-link__item"> <a id="p_lt_ctl03_pageplaceholder_p_lt_ctl00_AAAAI_SocialSharing2_twitter" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="c-social-sharing__link hide-ext-link" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.aaaai.org/Conditions-Treatments/Afecciones-y-Tratamientos/Asma&text=Asma (Asthma)" target="_blank"><span class="fa-brands fa-square-x-twitter"></span></a> </li> <li class="c-link__item"> <a id="p_lt_ctl03_pageplaceholder_p_lt_ctl00_AAAAI_SocialSharing2_linkedIn" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="c-social-sharing__link hide-ext-link" href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.aaaai.org/Conditions-Treatments/Afecciones-y-Tratamientos/Asma&title=Asma (Asthma)" target="_blank"><span class="fab fa-linkedin"></span></a> </li> <li class="c-link__item"> <a id="p_lt_ctl03_pageplaceholder_p_lt_ctl00_AAAAI_SocialSharing2_threads" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="c-social-sharing__link hide-ext-link" href="https://threads.net/intent/post?text=Asma (Asthma) - https://www.aaaai.org/Conditions-Treatments/Afecciones-y-Tratamientos/Asma" target="_blank"><span class="fab fa-threads"></span></a> </li> <li class="c-link__item"> <a id="p_lt_ctl03_pageplaceholder_p_lt_ctl00_AAAAI_SocialSharing2_mailTo" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="c-social-sharing__link hide-ext-link" href="mailto:?subject=Asma (Asthma)&body=Please see https://www.aaaai.org/Conditions-Treatments/Afecciones-y-Tratamientos/Asma" target="_blank"><span class="fas fa-envelope"></span></a> </li> <li class="c-link__item is-hidden-tablet"><a href="#" title="Choose how to share this page" class="generic-share c-social-sharing__link hide-ext-link"><span class="fas fa-share-alt-square"></span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div><h3></h3>  <section class="c-tabs-component"> <div class="container"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <div class="tabs"> <div role="tablist" aria-label="Sample Tabs" class="tabs__list"> <button role="tab" aria-selected="true" aria-controls="pnlTab1" id="tab-1" tabindex="0" class="tabs__tab" type="button"> Resumen </button> <button role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="pnlTab2" id="tab-2" tabindex="-1" class="tabs__tab" type="button"> Síntomas y diagnóstico </button> <button role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="pnlTab3" id="tab-3" tabindex="-1" class="tabs__tab" type="button">Tratamiento</button> </div> <div id="pnlTab1" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="tab-1" class="tabs__content o-content"> <p>El asma es una enfermedad crónica que compromete las vías respiratorias en los pulmones. Estas vías respiratorias, o bronquios, permiten que el aire entre y salga de los pulmones.</p> <p>Si usted tiene asma, sus vías respiratorias están siempre inflamadas, pero se inflaman más y los músculos alrededor de las vías respiratorias pueden estrecharse cuando algo desencadena sus síntomas. Esto dificulta la entrada y salida del aire de los pulmones, y da como resultado síntomas como tos, sibilancia, disnea y/u opresión del pecho.</p> <p>Para muchas personas que padecen de asma, el momento en que se presentan estos síntomas está muy relacionado con la actividad física. La broncoconstricción inducida por el ejercicio, o asma inducida por el ejercicio, también puede ocurrir en personas sanas que tienen síntomas de asma solo cuando están haciendo ejercicio.</p> <p>Quienes tienen antecedentes familiares de alergia o asma tienen más propensión a desarrollar asma. Muchas personas que tienen asma también sufren de alergia. So la llama asma alérgica. El asma ocupacional es causada por la inhalación de humos, gases, polvo u otras sustancias potencialmente dañinas, mientras se está en el ámbito laboral. El asma infantil impacta a millones de niños y sus familias. En realidad, la mayoría de los niños que desarrollan asma lo hacen antes de los cinco años.</p> <p>No hay cura para el asma, pero una vez que es diagnosticada adecuadamente y se implementa un plan de tratamiento, podrá manejar su afección, y su calidad de vida mejorará.</p> <p>El alergista/inmunólogo es el especialista médico mejor calificado para diagnosticar y tratar el asma. Con la ayuda de su alergista, puede controla la afección y participar en actividades normales.</p> <p>El servicio “Encuentre un Alergista/Inmunólogo” de la AAAAI es un recurso de confianza para ayudarlo a encontrar un especialista cerca de su hogar.</p> <p class="LinksListItem"><br /> <a href="/Conditions-Treatments/Afecciones-y-Tratamientos/Asma/Encuesta-sobre-el-asma">Evalúe su conocimiento con nuestra encuesta sobre asma. (Test your knowledge with our asthma quiz.) »</a></p> <p class="LinksListItem"><br /> <a href="/Conditions-Treatments/Afecciones-y-Tratamientos/Asma/Encuesta-sobre-broncoconstriccion-inducida-por-el">Evalúe su conocimiento con nuestra encuesta sobre broncoconstricción inducida por el ejercicio. (Test your knowledge with our exercise-induced bronchoconstriction quiz.) »</a><br /> <br /> <iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/JnrB5Twp0HI" width="560"></iframe>  <br />  </p> <p class="LinksListItem"><a href="/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF Documents/Spanish/NEW-WEBITE-LOGO-asthma-action-plan-spanish_HI.pdf" target="_blank">Asma - Plan de Acción (Asthma Action Plan) » </a><br /> <br /> <a href="/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Libraries/Asthma-Action-Plan-Spanish_FILLABLE.pdf" target="_blank">Asma - Plan de Acción (Asthma Action Plan) - Formulario PDF Rellenable »</a></p> <p class="LinksListItem"><em>La AAAAI no asume ninguna responsabilidad sobre cómo se utilizarán estos documentos. Debe consultar los recursos apropiados de tecnología de la información sobre almacenamiento de documentos, transmisión electrónica y cumplimiento de HIPAA.</em><br /> <br /> <a href="/Tools-for-the-Public/Biblioteca-de-condiciones/Biblioteca-de-asma">Biblioteca de condiciones (Conditions Library)</a></p> </div> <div id="pnlTab2" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="tab-2" hidden class="tabs__content o-content"> <p>Síntomas Los síntomas de asma y el mejor tratamiento para usted o su hijo pueden ser bastante diferentes que el de otras personas que padecen de asma.</p> <p>El síntoma más común es la sibilancia. Es un sonido rasposo o un silbido que se produce cuando usted respira. Estos son otros síntomas: <br /> • Disnea <br /> • Opresión en el pecho o dolor<br /> • Tos crónica<br /> • Problemas para dormir debido a la tos o a las sibilancias</p> <p>Los síntomas de asma, también llamados brotes o ataques de asma, a menudo son causados por las alergias y la exposición a alérgenos como caspa animal, ácaros de polvo, polen o moho. Los disparadores no alérgicos incluyen humo, polución o aire frío o cambios en el clima.</p> <p>Los síntomas de asma pueden ser peores durante el ejercicio, cuando se tiene un resfrío o en momentos de mucho estrés.</p> <p>Los niños que padecen de asma pueden mostrar los mismos síntomas de los adultos con asma: tos, sibilancias o disnea. En algunos niños, la tos crónica puede ser el único síntoma.</p> <p>Si su hijo tiene uno o más de estos síntomas comunes, pida una cita con un alergista/inmunólogo: <br /> • Tos constante o que empeora debido a las infecciones virales, se presenta cuando el niños duerme, o es desencadenada por el ejercicio y el aire frío<br /> • Sibilancia o silbidos al exhalar<br /> • Disnea o respiración rápida que se puede asociar con el ejercicio<br /> • Opresión en el pecho. Un niño pequeño puede decir que le “duele” el pecho o que “siente algo raro”<br /> • Fatiga. Su hijo puede tranquilizarse o dejar de jugar. <br /> •  Problemas para alimentarse o resoplidos durante la alimentación (lactantes)<br />  •  Evitar los deportes o las actividades sociales<br /> • Problemas para dormir debidos a la tos o dificultades para respirar</p> <p>Son importantes los patrones en los síntomas del asma y pueden ayudar a su médico a hacer un diagnóstico. Preste atención al momento en que se producen los síntomas: <br /> •  A la noche o a la mañana temprano<br /> •  Mientras hace ejercicio físico o después<br /> •  Durante algunas estaciones<br /> •  Luego de reír o llorar<br /> •  Cuando se expone a desencadenantes comunes del asma</p> <p><strong>Diagnóstico </strong><br /> Un alergista diagnostica el asma haciendo una evaluación completa de los antecedentes médicos y realizando pruebas de respiración para medir el funcionamiento de los pulmones.</p> <p>Una de las pruebas se llama espirometría. Debe respirar profundamente y soplar en un sensor para medir la cantidad de aire que sus pulmones pueden retener y la velocidad del aire que inhala o exhala. Este examen diagnostica la gravedad del asma y mide si el tratamiento está trabajando bien.<br /> <br /> <a href="/conditions-and-treatments/library/asthma-library/SP-feno-test">El examen de FeNO</a> (o examen del óxido nítrico exhalado) en pacientes con asma alérgica o eosinofílica es una manera de determinar la cantidad de inflamación pulmonar presente y con cuánta efectividad los esteroides inhalados están controlando esta inflamación. Quienes padecen de asma alérgica o eosinofílica suelen sentir que su respiración está bien, pero cuando se mide el óxido nítrico exhalado, puede que todavía continúe significativamente elevado. Se podrían obtener mejores resultados –en el tratamiento prolongado– usando apenas un poco más del esteroide inhalado para controlar esta inflamación.</p> <p>Muchas personas con asma también tienen alergia, por lo que su médico puede examinarlo para ver si tiene alergias. Tratar los desencadenantes subyacentes de su asma ayudará a evitar los síntomas de asma.</p> </div> <div id="pnlTab3" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="tab-3" hidden class="tabs__content o-content"><p>No hay cura para el asma, pero los síntomas pueden controlarse con un tratamiento efectivo. Esto implica tomar los medicamentos tal como han sido indicados y aprender a evitar los desencadenantes que provocan los síntomas de asma. El alergista indicará los medicamentos más adecuados para su afección y le dará las instrucciones específicas para usarlos.<br /> <br /> Los medicamentos de control se toman diariamente e incluyen corticosteroides inhalados: fluticasona (Flovent Diskus, Flovent HFA, Arnuity Ellipta), budesonida (Pulmicort Flexhaler), mometasona (Asmanex), ciclesonida (Alvesco), flunisolida (Aerobid) y beclometasona (Qvar), entre otros.<br /> <br /> Los inhaladores combinados contienen un corticosteroide inhalado más un beta antagonista de larga duración (BALD). Los BALD son controladores de síntomas que son útiles para abrir las vías respiratorias. Sin embargo, para algunas personas, pueden conllevar riesgos.<br /> <br /> Los BALD jamás se deben prescribir como la única terapia contra el asma. Las recomendaciones actuales indican que se deben utilizar solamente junto con corticosteroides inhalados. Los medicamentos de combinación incluyen fluticasona y salmeterol (Advair Diskus, Advair HFA), fluticasona y vilanterol (Breo Ellipta), budesonida y formoterol (Symbicort), y mometasona y formoterol (Dulera).<br /> <br /> Los anticolinérgicos son medicamentos inhalados que también ayudan a abrir las vías respiratorias. El medicamento tiotropio (Spiriva Respimat) se utiliza como terapia de mantenimiento en asma.<br /> <br /> Los modificadores de leucotrienos son medicamentos orales que incluyen montelukast (Singulair), zafirlukast (Accolate) y zileuton (Zyflo, Zyflo CR).<br /> <br /> Los medicamentos de rápido alivio o de rescate se utilizan para aliviar, con rapidez, y abrir las vías respiratorias y aliviar los síntomas durante el ataque de asma, o se toman antes del ejercicio físico, en caso de que se prescriban. Estos incluyen beta antagonistas de corta acción. Estos broncodilatadores inhalados incluyen albuterol (ProAir HFA, Ventolin HFA, otros), levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA) y pirbuterol (Maxair Autohaler). Los medicamentos de rápido alivio no reemplazan a los medicamentos de control. Si usted necesita tomar medicamentos de rescate más de dos veces por semana, es hora de consultar al alergista.<br /> <br /> En el caso de ataques de asma agudos o síntomas graves, puede ser necesario recurrir a corticosteroides orales e intravenosos. Los ejemplos incluyen prednisona y metilprednisolona. Pueden causar efectos colaterales graves si se usan durante un período largo de tiempo.<br /> <br /> Varios medicamentos nuevos también se usan para tratar asma grave o difícil de tratar de manera periódica. Se trata de inyecciones o infusiones llamadas biológicas, y a menudo se requieren análisis de sangre para determinar si estos tratamientos son adecuados para su tipo particular de asma. Incluyen omalizumab (Xolair) para asma alérgica, y los medicamentos benralizumab (Fasenra), mepolizumab (Nucala) y reslizumab (Cinqair) en el caso de asma vinculada con la presencia de células llamadas eosinófilos en el examen de sangre. Dupilumab (Dupixent) ha sido aprobado para tratar el asma eosinofílica, así como el asma que depende de corticoesteroides orales regulares para el tratamiento.<br /> <br /> Si está embarazada, puede tener dudas sobre si tomar los medicamentos, incluso los que son contra el asma. Eso puede ser un error para su salud y para la de su futuro hijo. Continúe tomando los medicamentos prescriptos contra el asma y pida una cita con su alergista para conversar sobre los tratamientos que la ayudarán a llevar adelante un embarazo saludable. Si su asma se debe a una situación en el lugar de trabajo, por ejemplo, productos químicos, látex o polvo, es importante tomar las medidas para reducir su exposición a los desencadenantes.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section>  <div> <div class="c-social-sharing"> <h4 class="c-social-sharing__heading">Share this page:</h4> <ul class="c-links"> <li class="c-link__item"> <a id="p_lt_ctl03_pageplaceholder_p_lt_ctl02_AAAAI_SocialSharing_faceBook" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="c-social-sharing__link hide-ext-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.aaaai.org/Conditions-Treatments/Afecciones-y-Tratamientos/Asma" target="_blank"><span class="fab fa-facebook"></span></a> </li> <li class="c-link__item"> <a id="p_lt_ctl03_pageplaceholder_p_lt_ctl02_AAAAI_SocialSharing_twitter" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="c-social-sharing__link hide-ext-link" 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