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title="ويكيبيديا:مراجعات معلمة">النسخة المستقرة</a>، <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25D8%25AE%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B5:%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AC%25D9%2584%26type%3Dreview%26page%3D%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9">فحصت</a> في 9 ديسمبر 2024. ثمة <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9%26oldid%3D68800056%26diff%3Dcur">تعديلان معلقان</a> بانتظار المراجعة. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ar" dir="rtl"> <section 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1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Disambig_gray_RTL.svg/40px-Disambig_gray_RTL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168"></a></span>  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="عمارة (توضيح)">عمارة (توضيح)</a>. </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64185648"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ويكيبيديا:توضيح"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Disambig_gray_RTL.svg/20px-Disambig_gray_RTL.svg.png" decoding="async" 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.entete.ski-alpin{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Alpine_skiing_pictogram.svg/40px-Alpine_skiing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.snooker{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cue_sports_pictogram.svg/40px-Cue_sports_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.software{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Picto_infobox_software.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.sport{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Picto_infobox_Olympic.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.sport-automobile{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Picto_infobox_sport_auto.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.squash{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Squash_pictogram.svg/35px-Squash_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.stadium{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Stadium.svg/40px-Stadium.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.starwars{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Star_Wars_Infobox_Pictogram.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.surf{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Surfing_pictogram.svg/35px-Surfing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.taekwondo{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Taekwondo_pictogram.svg/40px-Taekwondo_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.television{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Picto_infobox_TV-T%26PC.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.templiers{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Picto_infobox_Templiers.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.tennis{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tennis_pictogram_white.svg/35px-Tennis_pictogram_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.tennis-de-table{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Table_tennis_pictogram_white.svg/40px-Table_tennis_pictogram_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.tennis-de-tableblack{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Table_tennis_pictogram.svg/35px-Table_tennis_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.timbre{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Picto_infobox_Stamps.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.train{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Infobox_train.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.triathlon{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Triathlon_pictogram.svg/40px-Triathlon_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.ultimate{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ultimate_pictogram.svg/70px-Ultimate_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.union-europeenne{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Picto_Infobox_Europe.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.video{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Tango-video-x-generic.png/35px-Tango-video-x-generic.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.voile{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/40px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.volleyball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Volleyball_%28indoor%29_pictogram.svg/35px-Volleyball_%28indoor%29_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.water-polo{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Water_polo_pictogram.svg/40px-Water_polo_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}</style> <p><b>العِمَارة</b> هي <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="فن">فن</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="علم">وعلم</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تصميم">تصميم</a> و<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تخطيط">تخطيط</a> و<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تشييد">تشييد</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="مبنى">المباني</a> والمنشآت ليغطي بها <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="إنسان">الإنسان</a> احتياجاته المادية أو المعنوية وذلك باستخدام مواد و<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تشييدية">أساليب إنشائية</a> مختلفة. ويتسع مجال العمارة ليشمل مجالات مختلفة من نواحي المعرفة والعلوم الإنسانية، مثل الرياضيات والعلوم والتكنولوجيا والتاريخ وعلم النفس والسياسة والفلسفة والعلوم الاجتماعية والثقافة والفن بصيغته الشاملة.</p> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox"> <div class="entete" style="background-color:lightblue;color:#000000"> <div> عمارة </div> </div> <div style="border:unset;padding:unset"> <div class="images" style="padding:2px 0"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Ray_and_Maria_Stata_Center_(MIT).JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ray_and_Maria_Stata_Center_%28MIT%29.JPG/260px-Ray_and_Maria_Stata_Center_%28MIT%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ray_and_Maria_Stata_Center_%2528MIT%2529.JPG/390px-Ray_and_Maria_Stata_Center_%2528MIT%2529.JPG 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ray_and_Maria_Stata_Center_%2528MIT%2529.JPG/520px-Ray_and_Maria_Stata_Center_%2528MIT%2529.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456"></a></span> </div> </div> <table> <tbody> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">صنف فرعي من</th> <td class=""> <div><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تصميم">تصميم</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271?uselang%3Dar%23P279" title="عدل القيمة على Wikidata"><img alt="عدل القيمة على Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">جزء من</th> <td class=""> <div><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q89358787" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q89358787">AEC industry</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89358787?uselang%3Dar" title="ترجم"><img alt="ترجم" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span> — <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q113129241" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q113129241">built environment and design studies</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113129241?uselang%3Dar" title="ترجم"><img alt="ترجم" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271?uselang%3Dar%23P361" title="عدل القيمة على Wikidata"><img alt="عدل القيمة على Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">يمتهنه</th> <td class=""> <div><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="مهندس معماري">مهندس معماري</a><sup id="cite_ref-d77d7308be89e064f7e26ad97afd1cc7774b841e_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-d77d7308be89e064f7e26ad97afd1cc7774b841e-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271?uselang%3Dar%23P3095" title="عدل القيمة على Wikidata"><img alt="عدل القيمة على Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">الاستعمالات</th> <td class=""> <div><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q385378" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q385378">تشييد</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271?uselang%3Dar%23P366" title="عدل القيمة على Wikidata"><img alt="عدل القيمة على Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">التاريخ</th> <td class=""> <div><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تاريخ الإنشاء">تاريخ الإنشاء</a> — <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تاريخ العمارة">تاريخ العمارة</a> — <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الجدول الزمني للهندسة المعمارية">الجدول الزمني للهندسة المعمارية</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271?uselang%3Dar%23P2184" title="عدل القيمة على Wikidata"><img alt="عدل القيمة على Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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ambox-content ambox-expert_needed" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> هذه المقالة بحاجة <b>لمراجعة خبير</b> مختص في مجالها.<span class="hide-when-compact"> يرجى من المختصين في مجالها <b><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9%26action%3Dedit">مراجعتها وتطويرها</a></b>.</span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i><span style="float:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A5%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تعرَّف على طريقة التعامل مع هذه المسألة من أجل إزالة هذا القالب."><img alt="تعرَّف على طريقة التعامل مع هذه المسألة من أجل إزالة هذا القالب." 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Colosseum-2003-07-09.jpg/300px-Colosseum-2003-07-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Colosseum-2003-07-09.jpg/450px-Colosseum-2003-07-09.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Colosseum-2003-07-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384"></a> <figcaption> منظر خارجي <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="كولوسيوم">الكولسيوم</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="إيطاليا">بإيطاليا</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Sana,_Yemen_(4324282209).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sana%2C_Yemen_%284324282209%29.jpg/220px-Sana%2C_Yemen_%284324282209%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sana%252C_Yemen_%25284324282209%2529.jpg/330px-Sana%252C_Yemen_%25284324282209%2529.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sana%252C_Yemen_%25284324282209%2529.jpg/440px-Sana%252C_Yemen_%25284324282209%2529.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592"></a> <figcaption> من منازل <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="صنعاء القديمة">صنعاء القديمة</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>قد يعني مصطلح عمارة ما يلي:</p> <ul> <li>مصطلح عام لوصف المباني والمنشآت المادية.</li> <li>فن وعلم تصميم المباني.</li> <li>أسلوب التصميم وطريقة تشييد المباني والمنشآت.</li> <li>النشاط التصميمي للمعماري، سواءً على المستوى الكلي (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تصميم عمراني">تصميم عمراني</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B7_%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تخطيط حضري">وتخطيط عمراني</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B7_%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تخطيط إقليمي">والتخطيط الإقليمي</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عمارة تنسيق المواقع">وهندسة عمارة البيئة</a>) أو على المستوى الجزئي (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="فرش الشوارع">التأثيث المدني</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تصميم داخلي">والتصميم الداخلي</a>).</li> </ul> <p>فالعمارة ذات علاقة وثيقة بمجالات <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B7_%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تخطيط حضري">تخطيط المدن</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B7_%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تخطيط حضري">والتخطيط العمراني</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="فرش الشوارع">والتأثيث المدني</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تصميم داخلي">والتصميم الداخلي</a>، فالمطلوب من المعماري في مرحلة التصميم، التلاعب المبدع والمبتكر بالموارد والتقنيات المتوفرة، وذلك لتحليل المعطيات المتضاربة من أجل وضع تصور كامل ومفصل للمشروع يعكس الاعتبارات الوظيفية والفنية والجمالية ويربط المشروع بالطبيعة والتقاليد والعادات الموجودة بالمنطقة أو البلاد، ولا سيماإيجاد صيغة مناسبة من التصميم تترجم احتياجات الناس المقيمين في والمستخدمين للمكان فيما بعد. كما يجب عليه أيضاً إعداد الرسومات والمخططات المعمارية والوصفية لتحديد أسلوب التشييد والبناء، وإعداد الجداول الزمنية وتقدير التكلفة وإدارة البناء.</p> <p>كما تستخدم كلمة «العمارة» لتشمل كافة الأنظمة المصممة الأخرى، (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="معمارية الحاسوب">معمارية الحاسوب</a>، و<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="معمارية برمجيات">معمارية البرمجيات</a>) وخاصة في مجال <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تقانة المعلومات">تكنولوجيا المعلومات</a>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="ar" dir="rtl"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">محتويات</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">العمارة</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">المفهوم</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">التاريخ والطرز المعمارية</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">العمارة الإسلامية</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B6%D8%A9"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">عمارة عصر النهضة</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">المؤسسات المعمارية</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">الجوائز المعمارية</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A9"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">الأطروحات التاريخية</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%8B"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">انظر أيضاً</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B9"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">المراجع</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="العمارة"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B9.D9.85.D8.A7.D8.B1.D8.A9"></span>العمارة</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عدل القسم: العمارة" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدل</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Philae,_First_Pylon_and_Columnade,_Aswan,_Egypt,_Oct_2004.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Philae%2C_First_Pylon_and_Columnade%2C_Aswan%2C_Egypt%2C_Oct_2004.jpg/300px-Philae%2C_First_Pylon_and_Columnade%2C_Aswan%2C_Egypt%2C_Oct_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="158" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="672"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 158px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Philae%2C_First_Pylon_and_Columnade%2C_Aswan%2C_Egypt%2C_Oct_2004.jpg/300px-Philae%2C_First_Pylon_and_Columnade%2C_Aswan%2C_Egypt%2C_Oct_2004.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="158" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Philae%2C_First_Pylon_and_Columnade%2C_Aswan%2C_Egypt%2C_Oct_2004.jpg/450px-Philae%2C_First_Pylon_and_Columnade%2C_Aswan%2C_Egypt%2C_Oct_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Philae%2C_First_Pylon_and_Columnade%2C_Aswan%2C_Egypt%2C_Oct_2004.jpg/600px-Philae%2C_First_Pylon_and_Columnade%2C_Aswan%2C_Egypt%2C_Oct_2004.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> معبد فيله <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="أسوان">بأسوان</a> </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="المفهوم"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.D9.85.D9.81.D9.87.D9.88.D9.85"></span>المفهوم</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عدل القسم: المفهوم" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدل</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>يمكن تعريف العمارة بأنها فن تكوين الحجوم والفراغات المخصصة لاحتضان الوظائف والنشاطات الإنسانية والاجتماعية بتنوعها وهي انطلاقا من ذلك تعكس في سماتها وأشكالها الانجازات التقنية والحضارية والتطلعات الجمالية والروحية والقدرات المادية للمجتمع في بيئة ما وفترة تاريخية محددة بحيث يتناسب شكل البناء مع المنطقة المحيطة وأن يصبح البناء جزء متناسق مع المنطقة.</p> <p>والمعماري هو الشخص الذي يتولى عملية التصميم وتخطيط وتصور المباني والمنشآت من الداخل أو الخارج ويدير عملية البناء والتشييد، والاسم باليونانية القديمة مركّب من كلمتين: “<i>archi</i>” أي رئيس، و“<i>tectura</i>” أي البنائون فالمعماري هو رئيس البنّائين، والعمارة هي أول الحِرَف أو رأسها. يعود ذلك إلى الأزمنة التاريخية الأولى، وقبل نشوء الأكاديميات المتخصصة بالعمارة والفنون في القرن السادس عشر في فرنسا خاصة وفي الغرب عامة.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="التاريخ_والطرز_المعمارية"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.D8.AA.D8.A7.D8.B1.D9.8A.D8.AE_.D9.88.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B7.D8.B1.D8.B2_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.85.D8.B9.D9.85.D8.A7.D8.B1.D9.8A.D8.A9"></span>التاريخ والطرز المعمارية</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عدل القسم: التاريخ والطرز المعمارية" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدل</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64185648"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> المقالات الرئيسة: <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تاريخ العمارة">تاريخ العمارة</a> <span>و</span><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="نظريات العمارة">نظريات العمارة</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Sanaa,_Yemen_(10716776275).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sanaa%2C_Yemen_%2810716776275%29.jpg/220px-Sanaa%2C_Yemen_%2810716776275%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4016" data-file-height="6016"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 330px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sanaa%2C_Yemen_%2810716776275%29.jpg/220px-Sanaa%2C_Yemen_%2810716776275%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="330" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sanaa%2C_Yemen_%2810716776275%29.jpg/330px-Sanaa%2C_Yemen_%2810716776275%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sanaa%2C_Yemen_%2810716776275%29.jpg/440px-Sanaa%2C_Yemen_%2810716776275%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> عمارة يمنية <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="صنعاء">بصنعاء</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>يقسم تاريخ العمارة إلى حقب زمنية لكل منها طراز معين يميزها عن غيرها على الرغم من التقارب الزمني والمكاني بين بعضهم البعض.<br> منذ بدء الخليقة والإنسان يسعى لتلبية احتياجاته من المسكن حتى يتسنى له العيش، فبدأ بالكهوف كمساكن جاهزة ثم بدأ يتتطور شيئا فشيئا حتى وصل لاستخدام خامات البيئة المحيطة والأشجار والأحجار حتى وصلنا لما نحن فيه الآن ومازالت تتطور.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="العمارة_الإسلامية"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B9.D9.85.D8.A7.D8.B1.D8.A9_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A5.D8.B3.D9.84.D8.A7.D9.85.D9.8A.D8.A9"></span>العمارة الإسلامية</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عدل القسم: العمارة الإسلامية" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدل</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3.jpg/220px-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3.jpg/220px-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3.jpg/330px-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3.jpg/440px-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> باب العامود في <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="القدس">القدس</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>العمارة الإسلامية هي الخصائص البنائية التي استعملها المسلمون لتكون هوية لهم، وقد نشأت تلك العمارة بفضل المسلمين وذلك في المناطق التي وصلها كشبه جزيرة العرب والعراق ومصر وبلاد الشام والمغرب العربي وتركيا وإيران وخراسان وبلاد ما وراء النهر والسند بالإضافة إلى المناطق التي حكمها المسلمون لمُدَد طويلة مثل الأندلس (أسبانيا حاليا) والهند. وتأثرت خصائص العمارة الإسلامية وصفاتها بشكل كبير بالدين الإسلامي والنهضة العلمية التي تبعته. وتختلف من منطقة لأخرى تبعاً للطقس وللإرث المعماري والحضاري السابق في المنطقة، حيث ينتشر الصحن المفتوح في الشام والعراق والجزيرة العربية بينما اختفى في تركيا نتيجة للجو البارد وفي اليمن بسبب الإرث المعماري. وكذلك نرى تطور الشكل والوظيفة عبر الزمن وبتغير الظروف السياسية والمعيشية والثقافية للسكان.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="عمارة_عصر_النهضة"><span id=".D8.B9.D9.85.D8.A7.D8.B1.D8.A9_.D8.B9.D8.B5.D8.B1_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.86.D9.87.D8.B6.D8.A9"></span>عمارة عصر النهضة</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عدل القسم: عمارة عصر النهضة" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدل</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>للفنون الأوروبية تأثير واسع الانتشار في معظم أرجاء العالم أكثر من تأثير أي فن من فنون القارات الأخرى. لقد بدأ هذا التأثير بعد العصور الوسطى، إذ أصبحت دول أوروبا الغربية في مقدمة الدول العالمية ذات النفوذ. وكان للفن الأوروبي أثر كبير على بعض البلدان، ككندا والولايات المتحدة اللتين أقامهما المهاجرون من الأوروبيين، كما وصل الفن الأوروبي إلى أجزاء من أفريقيا وآسيا، التي أصبحت ضمن المستعمرات الأوروبية. إلا أن هذا التأثير بدأ في التناقص حينما بدأ نفوذ أوروبا يتلاشى خلال القرن العشرين.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="المؤسسات_المعمارية"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.D9.85.D8.A4.D8.B3.D8.B3.D8.A7.D8.AA_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.85.D8.B9.D9.85.D8.A7.D8.B1.D9.8A.D8.A9"></span>المؤسسات المعمارية</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عدل القسم: المؤسسات المعمارية" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدل</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="الجوائز_المعمارية"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.D8.AC.D9.88.D8.A7.D8.A6.D8.B2_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.85.D8.B9.D9.85.D8.A7.D8.B1.D9.8A.D8.A9"></span>الجوائز المعمارية</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عدل القسم: الجوائز المعمارية" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدل</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%83%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="جائزة بريتزكر">جائزة بريتزكر</a>: هي جائزة تمنح سنويا لتكريم أحد <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="مهندس معماري">المعماريين</a> الذين لا زالوا على قيد الحياة <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>، بدأها منذ عام <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1979?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1979">1979</a> جاي بريتزكر وزوجته سيندي، وما زالت عائلته هي التي تديرها حتى الآن، كما أنها تعتبر الجائزة الأكبر والأهم في مجال العمارة في العالم <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <p>وغالبا ما يشار إليها باسم جائزة نوبل للهندسة المعمارية <sup id="cite_ref-eightyeight_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eightyeight-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>، كما أن الجائزة تمنح «بغض النظر عن الجنسية أو العرق أو العقيدة، أو أيديولوجية.»<sup id="cite_ref-nom_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nom-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> يتلقى الفائز 100,000$ ، وشهادة استشهاد، ومنذ عام 1987، ميدالية برونزية.<sup id="cite_ref-proc_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-proc-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A9&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="جائزة الاتحاد الأوروبي للعمارة المعاصرة (الصفحة غير موجودة)">جائزة الاتحاد الأوروبي للعمارة المعاصرة</a> (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الاتحاد الأوروبي">الاتحاد الأوروبي</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%8A&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="جائزة القوس الفضي (الصفحة غير موجودة)">جائزة القوس الفضي</a> (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="فرنسا">فرنسا</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%BA&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="جائزة ستيرلنغ (الصفحة غير موجودة)">جائزة ستيرلنغ</a> (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="المملكة المتحدة">المملكة المتحدة</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="جائزة التميز (الصفحة غير موجودة)">جائزة التميز</a> (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="كندا">كندا</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="جائزة المعهد الأمريكي للمهندسين المعماريين الذهبية">جائزة منظمة أيه أي أيه للعمارة</a> (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الولايات المتحدة">الولايات المتحدة</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%A2%D8%BA%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="جائزة آغا خان للعمارة">جائزة اغا خانللعمارة</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="الأطروحات_التاريخية"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A3.D8.B7.D8.B1.D9.88.D8.AD.D8.A7.D8.AA_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.AA.D8.A7.D8.B1.D9.8A.D8.AE.D9.8A.D8.A9"></span>الأطروحات التاريخية</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عدل القسم: الأطروحات التاريخية" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدل</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>إن أقدم عمل مكتوب باقٍ إلى اليوم حول موضوع الهندسة المعمارية هو <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دي أركيتيتورا"><i>دي</i> <i>أركيتيتورا</i></a> (<i>عن</i> <i>العمارة</i>)، للمهندس المعماري الروماني <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="فيتروفيو">فيتروفيو</a> في أوائل القرن الأول الميلادي. وفقًا لفيتروفيو، يجب أن يستوفي المبنى الجيد المبادئ الثلاثة من: المتانة والمنفعة والجمال، وما يعادلها في اللغة الإنجليزية الحديثة سيكون:</p> <ul> <li>المتانة - يجب أن يقف المبنى بصلابة ويبقى قائمًا في حالة جيدة.</li> <li>المنفعة - يجب أن يكون المبنى مناسبًا للأغراض التي يُستخدم من أجلها.</li> <li>الجمال - يجب أن يكون ممتعًا للعين من الناحية الجمالية.</li> </ul> <p>وفقًا لفيتروفيو، يجب على المهندس المعماري أن يسعى جاهدًا لتحقيق كل من هذه السمات الثلاث قدر الإمكان. أما <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ليون باتيستا ألبيرتي">ليون باتيستا ألبيرتي</a> الذي توسع في أفكار فيتروفيو ضمن أطروحته، <i>دي ري إيديفيكاتوريا</i> (<i>حول البناء</i>)، فرأى أن الجمال مسألة تَنَاسُب في المقام الأول، على الرغم من أن الزخرفة لعبت دورًا أيضًا. بالنسبة لألبيرتي، كانت قواعد التناسب هي تلك التي تحكم الشكل البشري المثالي، النسبة الذهبية. وبالنتيجة فإن الجانب الأكثر أهمية للجمال كان جزءًا متأصلًا من شيء ما، وليس أمرًا يُطبَّق على نحوٍ سطحي، وكان قائمًا كذلك على حقائق عالمية معروفة. لم تتطور فكرة الأسلوب في الفنون حتى القرن السادس عشر، وذلك مع كتابات <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%88_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="جورجو فازاري">جورجو فازاري</a>. إذ تُرجم كتابه «حياة أفضل الرسامين والنحاتين والمهندسين المعماريين» إلى اللغات الإيطالية والفرنسية والإسبانية والإنجليزية مع حلول القرن الثامن عشر.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>كتب المهندس المعماري والرسام والمنظر الإيطالي <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="سيباستيانو سيرليو">سيباستيانو سيرليو</a> (<i>الأعمال الكاملة في الهندسة المعمارية والمنظور</i>) في القرن السادس عشر. كان لهذه الأطروحة تأثير هائل في جميع أنحاء أوروبا، كونها أول دليل يؤكد على الجوانب العملية لا النظرية للهندسة المعمارية، وأول دليل يفهرس الأنظمة الخمسة في العمارة.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>كتب <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%BA%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%B3_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="أغسطس ويلبي نورثمور بوجن">أوغسطس ويلبي نورثمور بوجن</a> في أوائل القرن التاسع عشر كتابه <i>التناقضات</i> (1836) الذي كما يوحي العنوان، يتناقض مع العالم الصناعي الحديث الذي استخف به، مع صورة مثالية لعالم العصور الوسطى الجديدة. اعتقد بوجن أن <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عمارة قوطية">العمارة القوطية</a> كانت «الشكل المسيحي الحقيقي الوحيد للهندسة المعمارية». أما وجهة نظر الناقد الفني الإنجليزي في القرن التاسع عشر، جون راسكن، في كتابه «مصابيح العمارة السبعة» الذي نُشر في عام 1849، فكانت أضيق لما يشكل مفهوم العمارة. بالنسبة لراسكن، كانت الجمالية ذات أهمية قصوى. ويستمر عمله في الإشارة إلى أن المبنى ليس عملًا معماريًا حقًا ما لم يكن «مزخرفًا» بطريقة ما. وبالنسبة له، فإن المبنى جيد البناء والمتناسب والوظيفي يحتاج إلى مداميك بارزة أو مخشّنة، على أقل تقدير.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>كتب المهندس المعماري الشهير لو كوربوزييه في القرن العشرين حول الفرق بين مُثُل <i>الهندسة المعمارية</i> و<i>البناء بفكرته المجردة</i>: «حين توظّف الحجر والخشب والخرسانة، فتبني بها منازلًا وقصورًا: هذا يدعى بناءً. أما البراعة تكمن في العمل. حين يلامس عملك قلبي فجأةً، ويخلق بداخلي شعورًا جميلًا وأستشعر روعته، فإن هذا ما أدعوه عمارة». يقال إن لودفيغ ميس فان دير روه المعاصر للوكوربوزييه صرّح في مقابلة أجريت معه في عام 1959 «تبدأ الهندسة المعمارية عندما تضع بعناية قطعتين من الطوب معًا. هنا فعلًا تبدأ العمارة».</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="انظر_أيضاً"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.86.D8.B8.D8.B1_.D8.A3.D9.8A.D8.B6.D8.A7.D9.8B"></span>انظر أيضاً</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عدل القسم: انظر أيضاً" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدل</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="مسرد مصطلحات العمارة">مسرد مصطلحات العمارة</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="المراجع"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.D9.85.D8.B1.D8.A7.D8.AC.D8.B9"></span>المراجع</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عدل القسم: المراجع" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدل</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68964954">.mw-parser-output .reflist-wrap{overflow-y:auto;max-height:300px}.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:36em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:28em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-4{column-width:20em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}@media print{.mw-parser-output .reflist{overflow-y:visible!important;max-height:none!important}}</style> <div class="reflist-wrap"> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-d77d7308be89e064f7e26ad97afd1cc7774b841e-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-d77d7308be89e064f7e26ad97afd1cc7774b841e_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">مذكور في: <i><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q611299" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q611299">مرادفات الفن والعمارة</a></i>. مُعرِّف مَكنَز الفن والعمارة (AAT): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300054156">300054156</a>. الوصول: 1 يناير 2021.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68982381">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")left 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122010749/http://www.pritzkerprize.com/about/purpose.html">"The Purpose of the Pritzker Architecture Prize"</a>. <i>Pritzker Architecture Prize official site</i>. The Hyatt Foundation. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.pritzkerprize.com/about/purpose.html">الأصل</a> في 2012-01-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. اطلع عليه بتاريخ <span class="nowrap">2009-06-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pritzker+Architecture+Prize+official+site&rft.atitle=The+Purpose+of+the+Pritzker+Architecture+Prize&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pritzkerprize.com%2Fabout%2Fpurpose.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite id="CITEREFPollard2009" class="citation web cs1">Pollard، Lawrence (13 أبريل 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305215157/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7996295.stm">"Swiss architect wins top honour"</a>. BBC News. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7996295.stm">الأصل</a> في 2016-03-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. اطلع عليه بتاريخ <span class="nowrap">2012-05-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swiss+architect+wins+top+honour&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2009-04-13&rft.aulast=Pollard&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F7996295.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-eightyeight-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eightyeight_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberger1988" class="citation web cs1">Goldberger، Paul (28 مايو 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316072750/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/29/arts/architecture-view-what-pritzker-winners-tell-us-about-the-prize.html">"Architecture View; What Pritzker Winners Tell Us About the Prize"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/29/arts/architecture-view-what-pritzker-winners-tell-us-about-the-prize.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-03-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. اطلع عليه بتاريخ <span class="nowrap">2009-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Architecture+View%3B+What+Pritzker+Winners+Tell+Us+About+the+Prize&rft.date=1988-05-28&rft.aulast=Goldberger&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F05%2F29%2Farts%2Farchitecture-view-what-pritzker-winners-tell-us-about-the-prize.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite id="CITEREFMcLean" class="citation web cs1">McLean، Pauline (June 09, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202093311/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-13720279">"Riverside Museum architect visits 'sophisticated shed'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. BBC News. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-13720279">الأصل</a> في 02 ديسمبر 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. اطلع عليه بتاريخ <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Riverside+Museum+architect+visits+%27sophisticated+shed%27&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.aulast=McLean&rft.aufirst=Pauline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-glasgow-west-13720279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="قالب:استشهاد ويب">استشهاد ويب</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">تحقق من التاريخ في: <code class="cs1-code">|تاريخ=</code> (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_date" title="مساعدة:أخطاء الاستشهاد">مساعدة</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-nom-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-nom_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110161040/http://www.pritzkerprize.com/about/nomination.html">"Nomination Process"</a>. <i>Pritzker Architecture Prize official site</i>. The Hyatt Foundation. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.pritzkerprize.com/about/nomination.html">الأصل</a> في 2012-01-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. اطلع عليه بتاريخ <span class="nowrap">2009-07-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pritzker+Architecture+Prize+official+site&rft.atitle=Nomination+Process&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pritzkerprize.com%2Fabout%2Fnomination.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-proc-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-proc_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209042731/http://www.pritzkerprize.com/about/history.html">"History"</a>. <i>Pritzker Architecture Prize official site</i>. The Hyatt Foundation. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.pritzkerprize.com/about/history.html">الأصل</a> في 2011-12-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. اطلع عليه بتاريخ <span class="nowrap">2009-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pritzker+Architecture+Prize+official+site&rft.atitle=History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pritzkerprize.com%2Fabout%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515031907/https://www.akdn.org/architecture">"Aga Khan Award for Architecture | Aga Khan Development Network"</a>. <i>www.akdn.org</i>. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.akdn.org/architecture">الأصل</a> في 2019-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. اطلع عليه بتاريخ <span class="nowrap">2019-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.akdn.org&rft.atitle=Aga+Khan+Award+for+Architecture+%7C+Aga+Khan+Development+Network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.akdn.org%2Farchitecture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite id="CITEREFRINA" class="citation web cs1">RINA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.rina.org.uk/careers_in_naval_architecture.html">"Careers in Naval Architecture"</a>. <i>www.rina.org.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020170147/https://www.rina.org.uk/careers_in_naval_architecture.html">مؤرشف</a> من الأصل في 2017-10-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. اطلع عليه بتاريخ <span class="nowrap">2017-02-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rina.org.uk&rft.atitle=Careers+in+Naval+Architecture&rft.au=RINA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rina.org.uk%2Fcareers_in_naval_architecture.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Biran, Adrian; (2003). <i>Ship hydrostatics and stability</i>, <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB_%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="بترورث وهاينمان (الصفحة غير موجودة)">بترورث وهاينمان</a> <span style="font-size: smaller; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5003044%23sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q5003044"><sup class="reference" title="عنصر (Q5003044) في لغات أخرى">[لغات أخرى]</sup></a></span>‏. (<span dir="rtl">ردمك <span dir="ltr"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8/0-7506-4988-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="خاص:مصادر كتاب/0-7506-4988-7">0-7506-4988-7</a></span></span>)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hannu Jaakkola and Bernhard Thalheim. (2011) "Architecture-driven modelling methodologies." In: <i>Proceedings of the 2011 conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XXII</i>. Anneli Heimbürger et al. (eds). IOS Press. p. 98</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68409654">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageleft{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{clear:left;float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{margin-left:1em}}</style> <style 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footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>اللغات</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argitektuur" title="Argitektuur – الأفريقانية" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Argitektuur" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="الأفريقانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architektur" title="Architektur – الألمانية السويسرية" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Architektur" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="الألمانية السويسرية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2588%25A5%25E1%258A%2590_%25E1%2588%2595%25E1%258A%2595%25E1%258C%25BB" title="ሥነ ሕንጻ – الأمهرية" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሥነ ሕንጻ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="الأمهرية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura" title="Arquitectura – الأراغونية" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Arquitectura" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="الأراغونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A9_%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="هندسة معمارية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="هندسة معمارية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587" title="عماره – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عماره" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A5%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF" title="স্থাপত্য – الأسامية" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="স্থাপত্য" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="الأسامية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquiteutura" title="Arquiteutura – الأسترية" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Arquiteutura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="الأسترية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegeduropa" title="Vegeduropa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Vegeduropa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memarl%25C4%25B1q" title="Memarlıq – الأذربيجانية" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Memarlıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="الأذربيجانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D9%2582" title="معمارلیق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="معمارلیق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="مقالة مختارة"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – الباشكيرية" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="الباشكيرية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architektua" title="Architektua – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Architektua" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark%25C4%2597tekt%25C5%25ABra" title="Arkėtektūra – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Arkėtektūra" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektura" title="Arkitektura – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Arkitektura" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D1%258D%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архітэктура – البيلاروسية" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Архітэктура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="البيلاروسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D1%258D%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архітэктура – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Архітэктура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rancang_gedong" title="Rancang gedong – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Rancang gedong" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – البلغارية" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="البلغارية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2586%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="आर्किटेक्चर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आर्किटेक्चर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitekisa" title="Arkitekisa – البيسلامية" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Arkitekisa" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="البيسلامية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A5%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF" title="স্থাপত্য – البنغالية" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্থাপত্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="البنغالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%2581%25E0%25BD%2584%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BE%25A9%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BD%2582%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2596%25E0%25BD%259F%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BD%2582" title="ཁང་རྩིག་བཟོ་རིག – التبتية" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁང་རྩིག་བཟོ་རིག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="التبتية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A5%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF" title="স্থাপত্য – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="স্থাপত্য" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savouriezh" title="Savouriezh – البريتونية" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Savouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="البريتونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitektura" title="Arhitektura – البوسنية" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Arhitektura" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="البوسنية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0" title="Уран барилга – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Уран барилга" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura" title="Arquitectura – الكتالانية" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arquitectura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="الكتالانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%25C3%25B3ng-d%25C3%25A9%25CC%25A4%25E1%25B9%25B3k-h%25C5%258Fk" title="Gióng-dé̤ṳk-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gióng-dé̤ṳk-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – الشيشانية" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="الشيشانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektura" title="Arkitektura – السيبيوانية" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Arkitektura" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="السيبيوانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25DA%2598%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C" title="نژیاروانی – السورانية الكردية" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نژیاروانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="السورانية الكردية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architittura" title="Architittura – الكورسيكية" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Architittura" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="الكورسيكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architektura" title="Architektura – التشيكية" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Architektura" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="التشيكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architektura" title="Architektura – الكاشبايان" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Architektura" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="الكاشبايان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – التشوفاشي" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="التشوفاشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pensaern%25C3%25AFaeth" title="Pensaernïaeth – الويلزية" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pensaernïaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="الويلزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektur" title="Arkitektur – الدانمركية" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Arkitektur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="الدانمركية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architektur" title="Architektur – الألمانية" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Architektur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="الألمانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2591%25CF%2581%25CF%2587%25CE%25B9%25CF%2584%25CE%25B5%25CE%25BA%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE" title="Αρχιτεκτονική – اليونانية" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρχιτεκτονική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="اليونانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture – الإنجليزية" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Architecture" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="الإنجليزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitekturo" title="Arkitekturo – الإسبرانتو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arkitekturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="الإسبرانتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura" title="Arquitectura – الإسبانية" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arquitectura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="الإسبانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitektuur" title="Arhitektuur – الإستونية" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arhitektuur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="الإستونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektura" title="Arkitektura – الباسكية" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arkitektura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="الباسكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitetura" title="Arquitetura – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Arquitetura" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C" title="معماری – الفارسية" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معماری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="الفارسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkkitehtuuri" title="Arkkitehtuuri – الفنلندية" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Arkkitehtuuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="الفنلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehit%25C3%25BCskunst" title="Ehitüskunst – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ehitüskunst" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture – الفرنسية" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Architecture" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="الفرنسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch%25C2%25B7it%25C3%25A8ctura" title="Arch·itèctura – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Arch·itèctura" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baukonst" title="Baukonst – الفريزينية الشمالية" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Baukonst" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="الفريزينية الشمالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architeture" title="Architeture – الفريلايان" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Architeture" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="الفريلايان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boukeunst" title="Boukeunst – الفريزيان" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Boukeunst" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="الفريزيان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailtireacht" title="Ailtireacht – الأيرلندية" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ailtireacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="الأيرلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25BB%25BA%25E7%25AF%2589%25E5%25AD%25B8" title="建築學 – الغان الصينية" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="建築學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="الغان الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larchit%25C3%25A8ktir" title="Larchitèktir – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Larchitèktir" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailtireachd" title="Ailtireachd – الغيلية الأسكتلندية" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ailtireachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="الغيلية الأسكتلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura" title="Arquitectura – الجاليكية" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arquitectura" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="الجاليكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C" title="معماری – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="معماری" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogapokuaa" title="Jogapokuaa – الغوارانية" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Jogapokuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="الغوارانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard-obbrinys" title="Ard-obbrinys – المنكية" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ard-obbrinys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="المنكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karatun_zanen_gine-gine" title="Karatun zanen gine-gine – الهوسا" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Karatun zanen gine-gine" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="الهوسا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%2593%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%259B%25D7%259C%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA" title="אדריכלות – العبرية" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדריכלות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="العبرية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="वास्तुकला – الهندية" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वास्तुकला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="الهندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Architecture" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitektura" title="Arhitektura – الكرواتية" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Arhitektura" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="الكرواتية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achitekti" title="Achitekti – الكريولية الهايتية" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Achitekti" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="الكريولية الهايتية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589p%25C3%25ADt%25C3%25A9szet" title="Építészet – الهنغارية" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Építészet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="الهنغارية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2583%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BA%25D5%25A5%25D5%25BF%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Ճարտարապետություն – الأرمنية" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ճարտարապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="الأرمنية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2583%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BA%25D5%25A5%25D5%25BF%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25AB%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Ճարտարապետութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ճարտարապետութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectura" title="Architectura – اللّغة الوسيطة" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Architectura" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="اللّغة الوسيطة" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsitektur" title="Arsitektur – الإندونيسية" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arsitektur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="الإندونيسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectura" title="Architectura – الإنترلينج" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Architectura" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="الإنترلينج" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektura" title="Arkitektura – الإيلوكو" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Arkitektura" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="الإيلوكو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – الإنجوشية" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="الإنجوشية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitekturo" title="Arkitekturo – الإيدو" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Arkitekturo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="الإيدو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byggingarlist" title="Byggingarlist – الأيسلندية" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Byggingarlist" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="الأيسلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architettura" title="Architettura – الإيطالية" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Architettura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="الإيطالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2590%2583%25E1%2592%25A1%25E1%2593%2597%25E1%2595%2590%25E1%2594%25AA%25E1%2590%258A%25E1%2591%25A6_%25E1%2590%258B%25E1%2596%2585%25E1%2591%25AD%25E1%2592%2583%25E1%2593%25AF%25E1%2592%25AA%25E1%2593%2582%25E1%2596%258F%25E1%2591%25A6" title="ᐃᒡᓗᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ – الإينكتيتت" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐃᒡᓗᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="الإينكتيتت" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25BB%25BA%25E7%25AF%2589" title="建築 – اليابانية" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="建築" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="اليابانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachitecha" title="Aachitecha – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aachitecha" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsit%25C3%25A8ktur" title="Arsitèktur – الجاوية" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Arsitèktur" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="الجاوية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590" title="არქიტექტურა – الجورجية" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არქიტექტურა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="الجورجية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasegda" title="Tasegda – القبيلية" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasegda" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="القبيلية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D3%2599%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582" title="Сәулет – الكازاخستانية" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сәулет" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="الكازاخستانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilusilersugaaneq" title="Ilusilersugaaneq – الكالاليست" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Ilusilersugaaneq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="الكالاليست" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25B5%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25B8%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25A4%25E0%25B3%2581%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B3%2586" title="ವಾಸ್ತುಕಲೆ – الكانادا" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಾಸ್ತುಕಲೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="الكانادا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25B1%25B4%25EC%25B6%2595" title="건축 – الكورية" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="건축" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="الكورية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D9%258E%25D9%2586%25D9%2590_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25DB%258C%25D9%2596%25D8%25B1" title="فَنِ تعمیٖر – الكشميرية" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="فَنِ تعمیٖر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="الكشميرية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avah%25C3%25AEsaz%25C3%25AE" title="Avahîsazî – الكردية" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Avahîsazî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="الكردية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennserneth" title="Pennserneth – الكورنية" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pennserneth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="الكورنية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – القيرغيزية" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="القيرغيزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectura" title="Architectura – اللاتينية" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Architectura" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="اللاتينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektura" title="Arkitektura – اللادينو" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Arkitektura" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="اللادينو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architektur" title="Architektur – اللكسمبورغية" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Architektur" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="اللكسمبورغية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arciteta" title="Arciteta – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Arciteta" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectuur" title="Architectuur – الليمبورغية" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Architectuur" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="الليمبورغية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architett%25C3%25BBa" title="Architettûa – الليغورية" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Architettûa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="الليغورية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architetura" title="Architetura – اللومبردية" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Architetura" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="اللومبردية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%25AA%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BA%2596%25E0%25BA%25B2%25E0%25BA%259B%25E0%25BA%25B1%25E0%25BA%2594%25E0%25BA%2595%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BA%258D%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BA%2581%25E0%25BA%25B3" title="ສະຖາປັດຕະຍະກຳ – اللاوية" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສະຖາປັດຕະຍະກຳ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="اللاوية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architekt%25C5%25ABra" title="Architektūra – الليتوانية" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Architektūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="الليتوانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitekt%25C5%25ABra" title="Arhitektūra – اللاتفية" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Arhitektūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="اللاتفية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%258C" title="Архитектурась – الموكشا" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Архитектурась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="الموكشا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritrano" title="Maritrano – الملغاشي" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Maritrano" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="الملغاشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580" title="Архитектур – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Архитектур" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsitektur" title="Arsitektur – المينانجكاباو" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Arsitektur" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="المينانجكاباو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – المقدونية" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="المقدونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25B5%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%2581%25E0%25B4%25B5%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25A6%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AF" title="വാസ്തുവിദ്യ – المالايالامية" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വാസ്തുവിദ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="المالايالامية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580" title="Архитектур – المنغولية" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Архитектур" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="المنغولية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%258C%25EA%25AF%25A8%25EA%25AF%259D%25EA%25AF%2581%25EA%25AF%25A5%25EA%25AF%2582%25EA%25AF%25A3%25EA%25AF%259F" title="ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ – المانيبورية" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="المانيبورية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="वास्तुशास्त्र – الماراثية" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वास्तुशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="الماراثية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni_bina" title="Seni bina – الماليزية" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Seni bina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="الماليزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitettura" title="Arkitettura – المالطية" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Arkitettura" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="المالطية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitetura" title="Arquitetura – الميرانديز" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Arquitetura" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="الميرانديز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2597%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%258A%25E1%2580%25AC" title="ဗိသုကာပညာ – البورمية" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗိသုကာပညာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="البورمية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architettura" title="Architettura – النابولية" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Architettura" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="النابولية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architektuur" title="Architektuur – الألمانية السفلى" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Architektuur" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="الألمانية السفلى" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouwkeunst" title="Bouwkeunst – السكسونية السفلى" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Bouwkeunst" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="السكسونية السفلى" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2586%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="आर्किटेक्चर – النوارية" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="आर्किटेक्चर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="النوارية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectuur" title="Architectuur – الهولندية" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Architectuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="الهولندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektur" title="Arkitektur – النرويجية نينورسك" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Arkitektur" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="النرويجية نينورسك" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektur" title="Arkitektur – النرويجية بوكمال" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Arkitektur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="النرويجية بوكمال" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitekture" title="Arkitekture – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Arkitekture" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectuthe" title="Architectuthe – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Architectuthe" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura" title="Arquitectura – الأوكسيتانية" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Arquitectura" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="الأوكسيتانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitektuuru" title="Arhitektuuru – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Arhitektuuru" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkuja" title="Akkuja – الأورومية" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Akkuja" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="الأورومية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25C3%25A6" title="Архитектурæ – الأوسيتيك" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Архитектурæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="الأوسيتيك" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%2589%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A9%2580_%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A8%25BE" title="ਉਸਾਰੀ ਕਲਾ – البنجابية" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉਸਾਰੀ ਕਲਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="البنجابية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitekture" title="Arkitekture – البانجاسينان" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Arkitekture" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="البانجاسينان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitectura" title="Arkitectura – البابيامينتو" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Arkitectura" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="البابيامينتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitecture" title="Arkitecture – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Arkitecture" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarkitekchur" title="Aarkitekchur – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Aarkitekchur" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architektura" title="Architektura – البولندية" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Architektura" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="البولندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architetura" title="Architetura – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Architetura" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1" title="فن تعمیر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فن تعمیر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A" title="معماري – البشتو" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="معماري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="البشتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitetura" title="Arquitetura – البرتغالية" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arquitetura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="البرتغالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumaq_wasichay_kamay" title="Sumaq wasichay kamay – كيشوا" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sumaq wasichay kamay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="كيشوا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitectur%25C4%2583" title="Arhitectură – الرومانية" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arhitectură" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="الرومانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitectur%25C3%25A2" title="Arhitecturâ – الأرومانيان" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Arhitecturâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="الأرومانيان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – الروسية" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="الروسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архітектура – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Архітектура" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A5%258D" title="वास्तुशास्त्रम् – السنسكريتية" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वास्तुशास्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="السنسكريتية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – الساخيّة" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="الساخيّة" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architetura" title="Architetura – السردينية" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Architetura" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="السردينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architittura" title="Architittura – الصقلية" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Architittura" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="الصقلية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airchitectur" title="Airchitectur – الأسكتلندية" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Airchitectur" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="الأسكتلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitektura" title="Arhitektura – صربية-كرواتية" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Arhitektura" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="صربية-كرواتية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%259C%25E0%25B7%2598%25E0%25B7%2584_%25E0%25B6%25B1%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25B8%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B6%25AB_%25E0%25B7%2581%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BD%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25B4%25E0%25B6%25BA" title="ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පය – السنهالية" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="السنهالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Architecture" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architekt%25C3%25BAra" title="Architektúra – السلوفاكية" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Architektúra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="السلوفاكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitektura" title="Arhitektura – السلوفانية" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Arhitektura" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="السلوفانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvaki" title="Uvaki – الشونا" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Uvaki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="الشونا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektura" title="Arkitektura – الألبانية" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arkitektura" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="الألبانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – الصربية" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="الصربية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baukunst" title="Baukunst – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Baukunst" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsit%25C3%25A9ktur" title="Arsitéktur – السوندانية" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Arsitéktur" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="السوندانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="مقالة موصى بها"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektur" title="Arkitektur – السويدية" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arkitektur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="السويدية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usanifu_majengo" title="Usanifu majengo – السواحلية" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Usanifu majengo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="السواحلية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauk%25C5%258Dnszt" title="Baukōnszt – السيليزية" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Baukōnszt" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="السيليزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="مقالة مختارة"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%2588" title="கட்டடக்கலை – التاميلية" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கட்டடக்கலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="التاميلية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25AD%25E0%25B0%25B5%25E0%25B0%25A8_%25E0%25B0%25A8%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25AE%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25A3_%25E0%25B0%25B6%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25B8%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25A4%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%2582" title="భవన నిర్మాణ శాస్త్రం – التيلوغوية" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భవన నిర్మాణ శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="التيلوغوية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B5%25D1%258A%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D3%25A3" title="Меъморӣ – الطاجيكية" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Меъморӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="الطاجيكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%2596%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A1" title="สถาปัตยกรรม – التايلاندية" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถาปัตยกรรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="التايلاندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektura" title="Arkitektura – التاغالوغية" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Arkitektura" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="التاغالوغية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memar%25C9%2599ti" title="Memarəti – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Memarəti" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimarl%25C4%25B1k" title="Mimarlık – التركية" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mimarlık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="التركية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuaki" title="Vuaki – السونجا" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vuaki" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="السونجا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – التترية" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="التترية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архітектура – الأوكرانية" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Архітектура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="الأوكرانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1" title="فن تعمیر – الأوردية" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فن تعمیر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="الأوردية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%25CA%25BCmorlik" title="Meʼmorlik – الأوزبكية" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Meʼmorlik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="الأوزبكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architetura" title="Architetura – البندقية" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Architetura" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="البندقية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitektur" title="Arhitektur – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Arhitektur" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%25E1%25BA%25BFn_tr%25C3%25BAc" title="Kiến trúc – الفيتنامية" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kiến trúc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="الفيتنامية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumav" title="Bumav – لغة الفولابوك" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bumav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="لغة الفولابوك" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektura" title="Arkitektura – الواراي" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Arkitektura" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="الواراي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25BB%25BA%25E7%25AF%2589%25E5%25AD%25B8" title="建築學 – الوو الصينية" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="建築學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="الوو الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyilo_lwezakhiwo" title="Uyilo lwezakhiwo – الخوسا" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Uyilo lwezakhiwo" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="الخوسا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590" title="არქიტექტურა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="არქიტექტურა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%25A8%25D7%259B%25D7%2599%25D7%2598%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A7%25D7%2598%25D7%2595%25D7%25A8" title="ארכיטעקטור – اليديشية" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ארכיטעקטור" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="اليديشية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectuur" title="Architectuur – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Architectuur" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E2%25B5%259C%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%258E%25E2%25B5%2599%25E2%25B4%25B7%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B4%25B3%25E2%25B5%259C" title="ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⴰⴳⵜ – التمازيغية المغربية القياسية" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⴰⴳⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="التمازيغية المغربية القياسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25BB%25BA%25E7%25AD%2591%25E5%25AD%25A6" title="建筑学 – الصينية" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="建筑学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%25C3%25A0n-tio%25CC%258Dk-ha%25CC%258Dk" title="Kiàn-tio̍k-ha̍k – مين-نان الصينية" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kiàn-tio̍k-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="مين-نان الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25BB%25BA%25E7%25AF%2589%25E5%25AD%25B8" title="建築學 – الكَنْتُونية" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="建築學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="الكَنْتُونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ar.svg" alt="ويكيبيديا" width="112" height="39" style="width: 7em; height: 2.4375em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">آخر تعديل لهذه الصفحة كان يوم 9 ديسمبر 2024، الساعة 22:31.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">المحتوى متاح وفق <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ar">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> ما لم يرد خلاف ذلك.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" 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