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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pangunahing pagpipilian</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Maglibot </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Puntahan ang unang pahina [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Unang pahina</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tingnan_ang_buod" title="Mga gabay sa pagbabasa ng laktaw-laktaw sa Wikipedia"><span>Mga nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-Napiling-nilalaman" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo"><span>Napiling nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Alin_man" title="Magpalabas ng kahit-anong artikulo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Alinmang artikulo</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol"><span>Patungkol sa Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kasalukuyang_pangyayari" title="Hanapin ang mga impormasyon tungkol sa mga kamakailang kaganapan"><span>Mga kaganapan</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Natatanging_mga_pahina"><span>Natatanging pahina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Pakikihalubilo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Pakikihalubilo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pakikihalubilo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Puntahan_ng_pamayanan" title="Tungkol sa proyekto, ano ang maari mong gawin, at kung saan maari maghanap ng mga bagay"><span>Pamayanan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kapihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kapihan"><span>Kapihan</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago" title="Tala ng mga huling pagbabago sa wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mga huling binago</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia"><span>Makipag-ugnayan</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia."><span>Tulong</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Maghanap" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hanapin</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itsura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itsura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class=""><span>Donasyon</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Espesye" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class=""><span>Gumawa ng account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Espesye" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mag-login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga pansariling kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl"><span>Donasyon</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Mag-ambag</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Espesye" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Gumawa ng account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Espesye" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mag-login</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga pahina para sa naka-logout na mga patnugot o editor <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!" aria-label="Alamin pa ang tungkol sa pagpapatnugot"><span>alamin pa</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kahalagahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kahalagahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kahalagahan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kahalagahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pangalang_dalawahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pangalang_dalawahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pangalang dalawahan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pangalang_dalawahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kahirapan_sa_pagtukoy_ng_espesye" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kahirapan_sa_pagtukoy_ng_espesye"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kahirapan sa pagtukoy ng espesye</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kahirapan_sa_pagtukoy_ng_espesye-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Kahirapan sa pagtukoy ng espesye</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kahirapan_sa_pagtukoy_ng_espesye-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kapag_ang_konsepto_ni_Mayr_ng_espesye_ay_gumuguho" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kapag_ang_konsepto_ni_Mayr_ng_espesye_ay_gumuguho"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Kapag ang konsepto ni Mayr ng espesye ay gumuguho</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kapag_ang_konsepto_ni_Mayr_ng_espesye_ay_gumuguho-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mga sanggunian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Talaan ng mga Nilalaman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Espesye</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 147 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-147" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">147 wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesie" title="Spesie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Spesie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_(Biologie)" title="Art (Biologie) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Art (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especie" title="Especie – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Especie" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81)" title="نوع (تصنيف) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نوع (تصنيف)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9_(%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="نوع (بيولوجيا) – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نوع (بيولوجيا)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9" title="نوع – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نوع" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE)" title="প্ৰজাতি (জীৱবিদ্যা) – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="প্ৰজাতি (জীৱবিদ্যা)" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especie" title="Especie – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Especie" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioloji_n%C3%B6v" title="Bioloji növ – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bioloji növ" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A4%D9%88%D8%B9_(%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C)" title="نؤوع (بیولوژی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نؤوع (بیولوژی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Төр (биология) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төр (биология)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A9si%C3%A9s" title="Spésiés – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Spésiés" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oart_(Biologie)" title="Oart (Biologie) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Oart (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%AB%C5%A1%C4%97s" title="Rūšės – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Rūšės" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espesye" title="Espesye – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Espesye" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4" title="Біялагічны від – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Біялагічны від" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Від (біялёгія) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Від (біялёгія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Вид (биология) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вид (биология)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="प्रजाति – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="प्रजाति" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="প্রজাতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রজাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesad" title="Spesad – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Spesad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrsta_(biologija)" title="Vrsta (biologija) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vrsta (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesies" title="Spesies – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Spesies" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cie" title="Espècie – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Espècie" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Биологин тайпа – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Биологин тайпа" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A7%E1%8E%BE%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%B4%E1%8E%BF_%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%81%E1%8E%AF" title="ᏧᎾᏓᎴᎿ ᎠᏁᎯ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏧᎾᏓᎴᎿ ᎠᏁᎯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%86%D8%B1_(%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="جۆر (ژینناسی) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جۆر (ژینناسی)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druh" title="Druh – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Druh" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%81_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)" title="Тĕс (биологи) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕс (биологи)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhywogaeth" title="Rhywogaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhywogaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" title="Art – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Art" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_(Biologie)" title="Art (Biologie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Art (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%BEyna_(biologija)" title="Družyna (biologija) – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Družyna (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Είδος (βιολογία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Είδος (βιολογία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species" title="Species – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Species" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specio" title="Specio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Specio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especie" title="Especie – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Especie" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liik_(bioloogia)" title="Liik (bioloogia) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Liik (bioloogia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espezie" title="Espezie – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Espezie" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especii" title="Especii – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Especii" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87_(%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="گونه (زیست‌شناسی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گونه (زیست‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laji" title="Laji – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Laji" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A8ce" title="Espèce – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Espèce" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slach" title="Slach – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Slach" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soarte" title="Soarte – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Soarte" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speiceas" title="Speiceas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Speiceas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8sp%C3%A8s" title="Lèspès – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lèspès" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especie" title="Especie – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Especie" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juehegua" title="Juehegua – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Juehegua" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="מין (טקסונומיה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מין (טקסונומיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="जाति (जीवविज्ञान) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जाति (जीवविज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species" title="Species – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Species" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrsta" title="Vrsta – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vrsta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%BEina_(biologija)" title="Družina (biologija) – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Družina (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A8s" title="Espès – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Espès" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faj" title="Faj – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Faj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Կենսաբանական տեսակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կենսաբանական տեսակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specie" title="Specie – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Specie" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesies" title="Spesies – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Spesies" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebbangan" title="Sebbangan – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sebbangan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BF" title="Биологе кеп – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Биологе кеп" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegund_(l%C3%ADffr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Tegund (líffræði) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tegund (líffræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specie" title="Specie – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Specie" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A8%AE_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="種 (分類学) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="種 (分類学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiishi" title="Spiishi – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Spiishi" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sep%C3%A9siyes" title="Sepésiyes – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sepésiyes" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="სახეობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სახეობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmest" title="Talmest – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Talmest" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Түр (биология) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Түр (биология)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF_(%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0)" title="ಜಾತಿ (ಜೀವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಾತಿ (ಜೀವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A2%85_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="종 (생물학) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="종 (생물학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8E" title="Биология тюрлю – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Биология тюрлю" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%B2%DA%98" title="زٲژ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="زٲژ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cure" title="Cure – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Cure" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eghen" title="Eghen – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Eghen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80" title="Түр – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species_(taxinomia)" title="Species (taxinomia) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Species (taxinomia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aart" title="Aart – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Aart" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A9ce" title="Spéce – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Spéce" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5" title="ສະປີຊີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສະປີຊີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%AB%C5%A1is" title="Rūšis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rūšis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suga" title="Suga – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Suga" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Вид (биологија) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вид (биологија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="സ്പീഷീസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്പീഷീസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Зүйл – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зүйл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesies" title="Spesies – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Spesies" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spe%C4%8Bi" title="Speċi – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Speċi" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="မျိုးစိတ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မျိုးစိတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C_(%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA)" title="تی (زیست) – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تی (زیست)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specia" title="Specia – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Specia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_(Biologie)" title="Oort (Biologie) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Oort (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="प्रजाति – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="प्रजाति" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="प्रजाति – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="प्रजाति" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesies" title="Spesies – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Spesies" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soort" title="Soort – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Soort" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" title="Art – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Art" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" title="Art – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Art" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_(biologia)" title="Espècia (biologia) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Espècia (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%B7_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)" title="Хуыз (биологи) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хуыз (биологи)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80" title="ਪ੍ਰਜਾਤੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪ੍ਰਜਾਤੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species" title="Species – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Species" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espesie" title="Espesie – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Espesie" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatunek_(biologia)" title="Gatunek (biologia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gatunek (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spece" title="Spece – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Spece" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="سپیشیز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سپیشیز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%DB%90_(%D8%AF_%DA%98%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88_%DA%89%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87)" title="نوعې (د ژویو ډولونه) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نوعې (د ژویو ډولونه)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A9cie" title="Espécie – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Espécie" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikch%27aq" title="Rikch'aq – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rikch'aq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specie_(biologie)" title="Specie (biologie) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Specie (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specie" title="Specie – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Specie" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Биологический вид – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Биологический вид" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Вид (біолоґія) – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вид (біолоґія)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF%D2%A5_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Көрүҥ (биология) – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Көрүҥ (биология)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speci_(biolugg%C3%ACa)" title="Speci (bioluggìa) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Speci (bioluggìa)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species" title="Species – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Species" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9_(%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="نوع (حياتيات) – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نوع (حياتيات)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0l%C3%A1dja" title="Šládja – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Šládja" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrsta" title="Vrsta – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vrsta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species" title="Species – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Species" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druh_(taxon%C3%B3mia)" title="Druh (taxonómia) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Druh (taxonómia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrsta_(biologija)" title="Vrsta (biologija) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vrsta (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloji_(biologji)" title="Lloji (biologji) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lloji (biologji)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Врста (биологија) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Врста (биологија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A9si%C3%A9s" title="Spésiés – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Spésiés" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" title="Art – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Art" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spishi" title="Spishi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Spishi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="இனம் (உயிரியல்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இனம் (உயிரியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="జాతి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జాతి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94" title="ชนิด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชนิด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologik_g%C3%B6rn%C3%BC%C5%9F" title="Biologik görnüş – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Biologik görnüş" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCr" title="Tür – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tür" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Төр (биология) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төр (биология)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Вид – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вид" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9" title="نوع – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نوع" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur_(biologiya)" title="Tur (biologiya) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tur (biologiya)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spece" title="Spece – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Spece" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologine_erik" title="Biologine erik – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Biologine erik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%C3%A0i" title="Loài – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Loài" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B4orte" title="Sôorte – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Sôorte" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indje_(biyolodjeye)" title="Indje (biyolodjeye) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Indje (biyolodjeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espesyis" title="Espesyis – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Espesyis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="物种 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="物种" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="გვარობა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გვარობა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9C" title="זגאל – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זגאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="物种 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="物种" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A9ng_(hun-l%C5%ABi-ha%CC%8Dk)" title="Chéng (hun-lūi-ha̍k) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chéng (hun-lūi-ha̍k)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="物種 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="物種" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itsura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">itago</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg" title="Talaksan:Biological classification L Pengo vflip.svg"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg/langtl-150px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg/langtl-225px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg/langtl-300px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="600" usemap="#ImageMap_b98a4ef962e05e30" resource="/wiki/Talaksan:Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg" /></a><map name="ImageMap_b98a4ef962e05e30"><area href="/wiki/Life" shape="rect" coords="63,9,141,36" alt="Life" title="Life" /><area href="/wiki/Domain_(biology)" shape="rect" coords="63,49,141,75" alt="Domain" title="Domain" /><area href="/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" shape="rect" coords="63,89,141,115" alt="Kingdom" title="Kingdom" /><area href="/wiki/Phylum" shape="rect" coords="63,128,141,154" alt="Phylum" title="Phylum" /><area href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" shape="rect" coords="63,168,141,194" alt="Class" title="Class" /><area href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" shape="rect" coords="63,208,141,234" alt="Order" title="Order" /><area href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" shape="rect" coords="63,247,141,273" alt="Family" title="Family" /><area href="/wiki/Genus" shape="rect" coords="63,287,141,313" alt="Genus" title="Genus" /><area href="/wiki/Species" shape="rect" coords="63,326,141,353" alt="Species" title="Species" /></map><figcaption>The hierarchy of <a href="/wiki/Biological_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological classification">biological classification</a>'s eight major <a href="/wiki/Taxonomic_rank" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxonomic rank">taxonomic ranks</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Padron:Biological_classification/core&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Padron:Biological classification/core (hindi pa naisusulat)">Padron:Biological classification/core</a> Intermediate minor rankings are not shown.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sa larangan ng <a href="/wiki/Biyolohiya" title="Biyolohiya">biyolohiya</a>, ang <b>espesye</b> (Ingles: <b>species</b>) ay isa sa mga pinakapayak na pangkat sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kahanayang_biyolohikal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kahanayang biyolohikal (hindi pa naisusulat)">kahanayang para sa mga nilikhang may-buhay</a> at isang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranggong_pang-taxonomiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranggong pang-taxonomiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">antas ng pagkakapangkat-pangkat</a>. Kadalasang ipinakakahulugan na isa itong lipon ng mga <a href="/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo">organismo</a> na may kakayahang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interbreed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interbreed (hindi pa naisusulat)">makipagtalik sa isang kalahi</a> at nakapagsisilang ng <a href="/wiki/Supling" class="mw-disambig" title="Supling">supling</a> na maaari ring magka-anak. Bagaman sapat na ang kahulugang ito para sa karamihan ng mga kaso, mayroong mas tumpak at naiibang pamamaraan na madalas ding gamitin, katulad ng paghahambing kung magkatulad ang mga pagsusespesye ng <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> o <a href="/wiki/Morpolohiya" class="mw-disambig" title="Morpolohiya">morpolohiya</a>. Maaari pa ring mahati ang mga espesye sa mga <a href="/wiki/Subespesye" class="mw-redirect" title="Subespesye">subespesye</a> ayon sa pagkakaroon ng mga tiyakan, mapantukoy, at namanang katutubong katangian. </p><p>Kung minsan, ang mga pangalan na pangkaraniwang ginagamit para sa mga <a href="/wiki/Halaman" title="Halaman">halaman</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hayop" title="Hayop">hayop</a> ay umaayon sa mga espesye nito: halimbawa na ang “<a href="/wiki/Liyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Liyon">liyon</a>”, “<a href="/wiki/Kambing" title="Kambing">kambing</a>”, at “<a href="/wiki/Mangga" title="Mangga">puno ng mangga</a>, na mga katawagang tumutukoy sa mga espesye. Sa ibang mga kaso, ang mga pangalan ay hindi tumutukoy sa mga espesye: katulad ng “<a href="/wiki/Usa" title="Usa">usa</a>” na tumutukoy sa <a href="/wiki/Pamilya_(biyolohiya)" title="Pamilya (biyolohiya)">pamilyang</a> may 34 na mga espesye, katulad ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eld%E2%80%99s_deer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eld’s deer (hindi pa naisusulat)">usa ni Eld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulang_usa" title="Pulang usa">pulang usa</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Wapiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Wapiti">wapiti</a> (isang <a href="/wiki/Elk" class="mw-redirect" title="Elk">elk</a>). Dating itinutespesyeng na nakapaloob sa iisang espesye ang dalawang huli, na nagpapakita lamang na maaaring mabago ang hangganan ng pag-uespesye sa pamamagitan ng mga karagdagang kaalamang pang-<a href="/wiki/Agham" title="Agham">agham</a>. </p><p>Inilalagay ang bawat espesye sa loob ng isang <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a>. Isa itong <a href="/wiki/Hipotesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hipotesis">hipotesis</a> na ang isang espesye ay higit na mas malapit sa iba pang mga espesye sa loob ng kaniyang sariling sari kung ihahambing sa espesye ng ibang genus. Binigyan ng <b><a href="/wiki/Dalawahang_pangalan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalawahang pangalan">dalawahang pangalan</a></b> ang lahat ng mga espesye na nalalangkapan ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Generic_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Generic name (hindi pa naisusulat)">pangalang pampamilya</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiyakang_pangalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiyakang pangalan (hindi pa naisusulat)">tiyakang pangalan</a>. Halimbawa na ang “<a href="/wiki/Tilapiine_cichlid" class="mw-redirect" title="Tilapiine cichlid">Tilapiine cichlid</a>” (na karaniwang tinatawag na “tilapya”). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kahalagahan">Kahalagahan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesye&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kahalagahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesye&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Kahalagahan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mahalaga ang pagkakaroon ng magagamit na kahulugan ng salitang “espesye” at maging mga mapanghahawakang mga paraan ng pagkilala sa partikular na espesye, upang masukat ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodiversidad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biodiversidad (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagkakaiba-iba ng mga nilikhang may-buhay</a>. </p><p>Nakaugalian na nararapat lamang na pag-aralan ang mga magkakatulad na katangian ng maraming mga halimbawa ng minumungkahing espesye bago itespesyeng na ang mga ito ay kabilang nga sa nag-iisang espesye lamang. Sa pangkalahatang pananaw, mahirap bigyan ng kahanayang pampangkat ang mga espesyeng nawala na sa mundo at nakikilala lamang dahil sa kanilang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakas_(biyolohiya)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakas (biyolohiya) (hindi pa naisusulat)">bakas</a>. Maaaring gamitin ang <a href="/wiki/Dalawahang_pangalan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalawahang pangalan">dalawahang pangalan</a> para sa mga espesyeng nailarawan na ng mga pamamaraang maka-agham. </p><p>Subalit, ayon kay <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>: </p> <dl><dd><i>Itinutespesyeng ko ang salitang </i>espesye<i> bilang isang paghuhusgang itinakda - para sa kapakanang pangkaginhawahan ng humuhusga - upang mapagsama-sama ang mga nilikhang lubhang magkakamukha… wala itong sapat na pagkakaiba mula sa salitang </i>sari<i>, na itinakda para sa mga wangis na walang tiyak na pagkakakilanlan at mas pabagubago. Ang salitang </i>sari<i>, bilang muling paghahambing sa kaibahan ng nag-iisang nilikha, ay ginagamit din ayon sa makahusgang pananaw, at para lamang sa kapakanang nakagiginhawa.</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Dahil sa mga kahirapan sa pagbibigay ng kahulugan at maging sa pagsusuma ng kabuuang bilang ng iba’t ibang mga espesye, tinataya na may 2 hanggang 100 milyong iba’t ibang mga espesye sa buong mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pangalang_dalawahan">Pangalang dalawahan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesye&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pangalang dalawahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesye&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Pangalang dalawahan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2151589">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{.mw-parser-output .ns-0 .hatnote{display:none}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Pangalang_dalawahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pangalang dalawahan">Pangalang dalawahan</a></div> <p>Sa <a href="/wiki/Scientific_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific classification">klasipikasyong maka-agham</a>, binigyan ng pangalawang may dalawang bahagi ang isang espesye, na itinutespesyeng na <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Latin" title="Wikang Latin">Latin</a>, bagaman magagamit ang mga salitang-ugat mula sa kahit-anumang wika, maging ang mga pangalang katutubo at ng mismong mga nilikha. Una munang isinusulat ang <b><a href="/wiki/Sari" class="mw-redirect" title="Sari">sari</a></b> (<i><a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a></i>) – na ginagamit ang malaking anyong pang-<a href="/wiki/Alpabeto" title="Alpabeto">alpabeto</a> para sa pinakaunang titik ng pangalan – at susundan ng pangalawang pangalan nito: halimbawa, ang mga <a href="/wiki/Grey" class="mw-redirect" title="Grey">kulay-abong</a> mga <a href="/wiki/Lobo_(hayop)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobo (hayop)">lobo</a> ay kabilang sa mga espesyeng <i><a href="/wiki/Canis_lupus" class="mw-redirect" title="Canis lupus">Canis lupus</a>,</i> ang mga <a href="/wiki/Coyote" class="mw-redirect" title="Coyote">coyote</a> sa <i><a href="/wiki/Canis_latrans" class="mw-redirect" title="Canis latrans">Canis latrans</a>,</i> ang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Golden_jackal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golden jackal (hindi pa naisusulat)">ginintuang jackal</a> sa <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canis_aureus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canis aureus (hindi pa naisusulat)">Canis aureus</a>,</i> at iba pa; at lahat ng mga kabilang sa saring <i><a href="/wiki/Canis" title="Canis">Canis</a></i> (na naglalaman din ng marami pang ibang mga espesye). </p><p>Ang <b>pangalan ng espesye</b> ay ang kabuuan ng <b><a href="/wiki/Dalawahang_pangalan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalawahang pangalan">dalawahang pangalan</a></b>, hindi lamang ang pangalawang salita (na matatawag din bilang partikular o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Specific_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specific name (hindi pa naisusulat)">tiyak na pangalan</a> para sa mga <a href="/wiki/Hayop" title="Hayop">hayop</a>. </p><p>Kung minsan, sa mga <a href="/wiki/Aklat" title="Aklat">aklat</a> at mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lathalain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lathalain (hindi pa naisusulat)">lathalain</a> na nasa <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ingles" title="Wikang Ingles">wikang Ingles</a>, sadyang hindi lubos na binabanggit, at gumagamit lamang ng pinaiksing pangalang “sp.” (pang-isahan ng <i>species</i>) o “spp.” (pangmaramihan) bilang kapalit ng partikular na pangalan ng organismo: halimbawa, “Canis” sp. Karaniwang nagaganap ito sa mga sumusunod na mga pangyayari: </p> <ul><li>Naniniwala ang mga may-akda na kabilang ang ilan sa mga indibidwal sa isang partikular na sari subalit hindi sigurado kung ano ang tumpak na espesye talaga kabilang ang mga ito. Pangkaraniwaan na ito sa larangan ng <a href="/wiki/Paleontolohiya" title="Paleontolohiya">paleontolohiya</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Ginagamit ng mga may-akda ang “spp.” bilang isang maikling paraan ng pagsasabi na mayroong magagamit para sa maraming mga espesye sa loob ng isang sari, ngunit hindi nila ibig sabihin na magagamit ito sa lahat ng mga espesyeng nasa loob ng saring tinutukoy. Ginagamit ng mga siyentipiko ang pangalan ng sari - na hindi binabanggit ang partikular na pangalan – kung ibig ipabatid ng dalubhasa na ang pangalan ay maaaring gamitin para sa lahat ng mga espesyeng nasa loob ng isang sari.</li></ul> <p>Sa mga libro at artikulong gumagamit ng <a href="/wiki/Alpabetong_Latino" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpabetong Latino">alpabetong Latino</a>, kadalasang nakahilig (italiko) ang pagkakalimbag ng mga pangalan ng sari at espesye. Ngunit kapag ginagamit ang “sp.” at “spp.”, hindi nakahilig ang mga ito. </p><p>Ang gawaing paggamit ng dalawahang pangalan – na nang lumaon ay naging opisyal na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenclature_code&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nomenclature code (hindi pa naisusulat)">kodigo ng pagpapangalan</a> – ay unang ginamit ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhart_Fuchs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonhart Fuchs (hindi pa naisusulat)">Leonhart Fuchs</a> at ipinakilala bilang isang patakaran ni <a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolus Linnaeus">Carolus Linnaeus</a> sa kaniyang isinaunang akdang <i>Systema Naturae</i> o “Pamamaraang Likas” (ika-sampung labas) noong <a href="/wiki/1758" class="mw-redirect" title="1758">1758</a>. Bilang bunga, minsan itong tinatawag na “nomenklaturang binomyal” (pagpapangalang binomyal). </p><p>Noong mga panahong iyon, ang pangunahing pagpapalagay na maka-biyolohiya (teoryang biyolohiko) ay ito: na kinakatawan ng bawat espesye ang magkakahiwalay na mga gawa ng <a href="/wiki/Diyos" title="Diyos">Diyos</a>, at samakatuwid ay itinutespesyeng na katotohanang hindi matututulan at hindi mababago. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kahirapan_sa_pagtukoy_ng_espesye">Kahirapan sa pagtukoy ng espesye</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesye&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kahirapan sa pagtukoy ng espesye" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesye&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Kahirapan sa pagtukoy ng espesye"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>May kahirapan sa paglalarawan ng isang espesye sa paraang lumalapat sa lahat ng organismo. Ang debate tungkol sa mga konsepto ng isang espesye ay tinatawag na "problema ng espesye" na nakilala ni <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> noong 1859 sa kanyang <a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kapag_ang_konsepto_ni_Mayr_ng_espesye_ay_gumuguho">Kapag ang konsepto ni Mayr ng espesye ay gumuguho</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesye&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kapag ang konsepto ni Mayr ng espesye ay gumuguho" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesye&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Kapag ang konsepto ni Mayr ng espesye ay gumuguho"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Inoceramus_cripsii_Creta_sup_Bergamo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Inoceramus_cripsii_Creta_sup_Bergamo.JPG/220px-Inoceramus_cripsii_Creta_sup_Bergamo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Inoceramus_cripsii_Creta_sup_Bergamo.JPG/330px-Inoceramus_cripsii_Creta_sup_Bergamo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Inoceramus_cripsii_Creta_sup_Bergamo.JPG/440px-Inoceramus_cripsii_Creta_sup_Bergamo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1186" /></a><figcaption>Ang mga paleontologo ay limitado sa ebidensiyang morpolohikal sa pagpapasya kung ang isang fossil tulad nitong mga <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inoceramus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inoceramus (hindi pa naisusulat)">Inoceramus</a></i> bivalves ay bumbuo sa magkahiwalay na espesye.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Xenology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Xenology.svg/220px-Xenology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Xenology.svg/330px-Xenology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Xenology.svg/440px-Xenology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption>Ang isang pangyayaring espesiasyon ay lumilikha ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortholog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortholog (hindi pa naisusulat)">ortholog</a> ng isang <a href="/wiki/Gene" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene">gene</a> sa dalawang anak na espesye. ang isang pangyayaring <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_gene_transfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Horizontal gene transfer">horizontal gene transfer</a> mula sa isang espesye tungo sa isa pang espesye ay nagdadagdag ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenolog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenolog (hindi pa naisusulat)">xenolog</a> ng gene ng tumanggap na <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Ring_species_seagull.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ring_species_seagull.svg/220px-Ring_species_seagull.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ring_species_seagull.svg/330px-Ring_species_seagull.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ring_species_seagull.svg/440px-Ring_species_seagull.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="622" /></a><figcaption>Ang mga <i>Larus</i> gull ay makapagtatalik at makapagpaparami sa isang singsing sa palibot ng arktiko. 1: <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Herring_Gull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Herring Gull (hindi pa naisusulat)"><i>L. argentatus argentatus</i></a>, 2: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesser_Black-backed_Gull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lesser Black-backed Gull (hindi pa naisusulat)"><i>L. fuscus</i></a>, 3: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heuglin%27s_Gull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heuglin's Gull (hindi pa naisusulat)"><i>L. heuglini</i></a>, 4: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Birula%27s_Gull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birula's Gull (hindi pa naisusulat)"><i>L. vegae birulai</i></a>, 5: <a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Siberian_Herring_Gull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Siberian Herring Gull (hindi pa naisusulat)"><i>L. vegae</i></a>, 6: <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Herring_Gull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Herring Gull (hindi pa naisusulat)"><i>L. smithsonianus</i></a>, 7: <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Herring_Gull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Herring Gull (hindi pa naisusulat)"><i>L. argentatus argenteus</i></a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ayon sa mahalagang biologo ng <a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon" title="Ebolusyon">ebolusyon</a> na si <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mayr" title="Ernst Mayr">Ernst Mayr</a> sa kanyang aklat na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Systematics_and_the_Origin_of_Species&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systematics and the Origin of Species (hindi pa naisusulat)">Systematics and the Origin of Species</a> (1942), ang isang espesye ay hindi lamang isang pangkat ng mga organismo na magkatulad sa morpolohiya ngunit isang pangkat na makakapagpaparami lamang sa kanilang mga sarili at hindi sa iba pa. Kapag ang populasyon sa loob ng isang espesye ay nahiwalay sa heograpiya, stratehiya sa pagkain at pagpili ng makakatalik o iba pang paraan, ang mga ito ay magiging iba sa ibang mga populasyon sa pamamagitan ng <a href="/wiki/Genetic_drift" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic drift">genetic drift</a> at <a href="/wiki/Natural_na_seleksiyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural na seleksiyon">natural na seleksiyon</a> at sa paglipas ng panahon ay mag-e<a href="/wiki/Ebolb" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebolb">ebolb</a> sa isang bagong espesye. Ang pinakamahalaga at mabilis na organisasyong henetiko ay nangyayari sa labis na maliit na mga populasyon na nahwalay gaya halimbawa sa isang isla. </p><p>Ang isang simpleng kahulugan sa mga aklat pampaaralan ng konsepto ni <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mayr" title="Ernst Mayr">Ernst Mayr</a> ay lumalapat sa karamihan ng mga organismong multiselyular ngunit gumuguho sa ilang sitwasyon: </p> <ul><li>Kapag ang mga organismo ay nagpaparami ng <a href="/wiki/Aseksuwal" class="mw-redirect" title="Aseksuwal">aseksuwal</a> gaya ng mga oganismong uniselyular gaya ng <a href="/wiki/Bakterya" title="Bakterya">bakterya</a> at ibang mga <a href="/wiki/Prokaryote" title="Prokaryote">prokaryote</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <a href="/wiki/Partenohenesis" title="Partenohenesis">partenohenetiko</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apomixis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apomixis (hindi pa naisusulat)">apomiktikong</a> organismong multiselyular. Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=DNA_barcoding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DNA barcoding (hindi pa naisusulat)">DNA barcoding</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pilohenetika" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilohenetika">pilohenetika</a> ay karaniwang ginagamit sa mga kasong ito.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reekie2005_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reekie2005-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang katagang <i>quasispecies</i> ay minsang ginagamit para sa mabilisang nag-<a href="/wiki/Mutasyon" title="Mutasyon">mumutate</a> na mga organismo gaya ng mga <a href="/wiki/Virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Virus">virus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kapat hindi alam ng mga siyentipiko kung ang dalawang magkatulad sa morpolohiyang mga grupo ng mga organismo ay may kakayahan sa <a href="/wiki/Interbreeding" class="mw-redirect" title="Interbreeding">interbreeding</a>. Ito ang kaso sa lahat ng mga ekstinkt na anyo ng buhay sa paleontolohiya dahil ang mga experimento sa pagpaparami ay hindi posible.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kapag ang <a href="/wiki/Hybrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybrid">hybridisasyon</a> ay pumapayag sa lubos na pagdaloy ng <a href="/wiki/Gene" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene">gene</a> sa pagitan ng dalawang espesye. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZachos2016101_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZachos2016101-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sa <a href="/wiki/Singsing_na_espesye" class="mw-redirect" title="Singsing na espesye">singsing na espesye</a> kung saan ang mga kasapi ng magkalapit na mga populasyon sa isang malawak na patuloy na saklaw na distribusyon ay nagtatalik at nagpaparami ng matagumpay ngunit ang mga kasapi nito sa mas malayong populasyon ay hindi ito magagawa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZachos2016156–157_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZachos2016156–157-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1738803/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption-center{text-align:center;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:308px;max-width:308px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Willow_Warbler_Phylloscopus_trochilus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Willow warbler" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Willow_Warbler_Phylloscopus_trochilus.jpg/150px-Willow_Warbler_Phylloscopus_trochilus.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Willow_Warbler_Phylloscopus_trochilus.jpg/225px-Willow_Warbler_Phylloscopus_trochilus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Willow_Warbler_Phylloscopus_trochilus.jpg/300px-Willow_Warbler_Phylloscopus_trochilus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2151" data-file-height="2151" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Common_Chiff-Chaff_-_Italy_S4E1681_(19081363189)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Chiffchaff" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Common_Chiff-Chaff_-_Italy_S4E1681_%2819081363189%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Common_Chiff-Chaff_-_Italy_S4E1681_%2819081363189%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Common_Chiff-Chaff_-_Italy_S4E1681_%2819081363189%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-Common_Chiff-Chaff_-_Italy_S4E1681_%2819081363189%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Common_Chiff-Chaff_-_Italy_S4E1681_%2819081363189%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Common_Chiff-Chaff_-_Italy_S4E1681_%2819081363189%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="681" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="thumbcaption" style="background-color:transparent;color:inherit">The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Willow_warbler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willow warbler (hindi pa naisusulat)">willow warbler</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_chiffchaff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common chiffchaff (hindi pa naisusulat)">chiffchaff</a> are almost identical in appearance but do not interbreed.</div></div></div></div> <p>Ang pagtukoy ng espesye ay nagiging mahirap sa kawalang pag-ayon sa mga imbestigasyong molekular at morpolohikal. Ito ay kinakategorya bilang dalawang espesye: isang morpolohiya na maraming pinagmulang lahi ( halimbawa <a href="/wiki/Ebolusyong_komberhente" title="Ebolusyong komberhente">ebolusyong komberhente</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesyeng_kriptiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espesyeng kriptiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">espesyeng kriptiko</a>) at isang pinagmulang lahi ngunit maraming morpolohiya (halimbawa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plastisidad_na_penotikpiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plastisidad na penotikpiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">plastisidad na penotikpiko</a> at maraming yugtong siklo ng buhay).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa karagdagan, ang <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_gene_transfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Horizontal gene transfer">horizontal gene transfer</a> (HGT) ay gumagawa sa paglalarawan ng isang espesye.<sup id="cite_ref-Melcher_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melcher-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang lahat ng mga depinisyon ng isang espesye ay nagpapalgay na ang organismo ay nakakakuha ng mga <a href="/wiki/Gene" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene">gene</a> nito mula sa isa o dalwang magulang tulad ng anak na organismo ngunit hindi ito nangyayari sa HGT.<sup id="cite_ref-Bapteste2005_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bapteste2005-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>May malakas na ebidesniya ng HGT sa pagitan ng malabis na magkaibang mga pangkat ng mga <a href="/wiki/Prokaryote" title="Prokaryote">prokaryote</a> at sa pagitan ng magkaibang mga pangkat ng mga [[eukaryote].<sup id="cite_ref-Melcher_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melcher-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kabilang dito ang mga <a href="/wiki/Crustacean" class="mw-redirect" title="Crustacean">crustacean</a> at mga <a href="/wiki/Echinoderm" class="mw-redirect" title="Echinoderm">echinoderm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Williamson_2003_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williamson_2003-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sanggunian">Mga sanggunian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesye&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanggunian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesye&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Mga sanggunian"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1961853">.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-content{border:2px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-style{border:2px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-move{border:2px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}</style><table class="plainlinks tmbox mbox-small tmbox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:WP-TranslationProject_TwoFlags.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/WP-TranslationProject_TwoFlags.svg/30px-WP-TranslationProject_TwoFlags.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/WP-TranslationProject_TwoFlags.svg/45px-WP-TranslationProject_TwoFlags.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/WP-TranslationProject_TwoFlags.svg/60px-WP-TranslationProject_TwoFlags.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">Ang artikulo na ito ay isinalin mula sa "<i> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species">Species</a> </i>" ng <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/">en.wikipedia</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Darwin 1988 (1859) <i>On the Origin of Species</i> (Hinggil sa Pinagmulan ng mga espesye) na nanggaling sa <i>The Works of Charles Darwin</i> (Ang mga Gawa ni Charles Darwin), nasa wikang Ingles, pinatnugutan nina Paul H. Barrett at R. B. Freeman, Cambridge: Palimbagan ng Pamantasan ng Cambridge, aklat bilang 15, pahina 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2003/05/030526103731.htm"><i>Just How Many Species Are There, Anyway? (Ilan nga Ba Talaga ang Bilang ng mga espesye?)</i></a>, 2003-05-26<span class="reference-accessdate">, nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2008-01-15</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Just+How+Many+Species+Are+There%2C+Anyway%3F+%28Ilan+nga+Ba+Talaga+ang+Bilang+ng+mga+espesye%3F%29&rft.date=2003-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2003%2F05%2F030526103731.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspesye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite id="CITEREFGeversCohanLawrenceSpratt2005" class="citation journal cs1">Gevers, Dirk; Cohan, Frederick M.; Lawrence, Jeffrey G.; Spratt, Brian G.; Coenye, Tom; Feil, Edward J.; Stackebrandt, Erko; De Peer, Yves Van; Vandamme, Peter; Thompson, Fabiano L.; Swings, Jean (2005). "Opinion: Re-evaluating prokaryotic species". <i>Nature Reviews Microbiology</i>. <b>3</b> (9): 733–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrmicro1236">10.1038/nrmicro1236</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16138101">16138101</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=S2CID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S2CID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41706247">41706247</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Opinion%3A+Re-evaluating+prokaryotic+species&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=733-9&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A41706247%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16138101&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnrmicro1236&rft.aulast=Gevers&rft.aufirst=Dirk&rft.au=Cohan%2C+Frederick+M.&rft.au=Lawrence%2C+Jeffrey+G.&rft.au=Spratt%2C+Brian+G.&rft.au=Coenye%2C+Tom&rft.au=Feil%2C+Edward+J.&rft.au=Stackebrandt%2C+Erko&rft.au=De+Peer%2C+Yves+Van&rft.au=Vandamme%2C+Peter&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Fabiano+L.&rft.au=Swings%2C+Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspesye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite id="CITEREFTempleton1989" class="citation book cs1">Templeton, A. R. (1989). "The meaning of species and speciation: A genetic perspective". Sa Otte, D.; Endler, J. A. (mga pat.). <i>Speciation and its Consequences</i>. Sinauer Associates. pp. 3–27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+meaning+of+species+and+speciation%3A+A+genetic+perspective&rft.btitle=Speciation+and+its+Consequences&rft.pages=3-27&rft.pub=Sinauer+Associates&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Templeton&rft.aufirst=A.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspesye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reekie2005-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Reekie2005_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite id="CITEREFEdward_G._ReekieFakhri_A._Bazzaz2005" class="citation book cs1">Edward G. Reekie; Fakhri A. Bazzaz (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_KJdaiLKAogC&pg=PA99"><i>Reproductive allocation in plants</i></a>. Academic Press. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-12-088386-8" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-12-088386-8"><bdi>978-0-12-088386-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130617224832/http://books.google.com/books?id=_KJdaiLKAogC&pg=PA99">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 17 Hunyo 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reproductive+allocation+in+plants&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-12-088386-8&rft.au=Edward+G.+Reekie&rft.au=Fakhri+A.+Bazzaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_KJdaiLKAogC%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspesye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite id="CITEREFRosselló-MoraAmann2001" class="citation journal cs1">Rosselló-Mora, Ramon; Amann, Rudolf (Enero 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1574-6976.2001.tb00571.x">"The species concept for prokaryotes"</a>. <i>FEMS Microbiology Reviews</i>. <b>25</b> (1): 39–67. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Malayang makukuha"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1574-6976.2001.tb00571.x">10.1111/j.1574-6976.2001.tb00571.x</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11152940">11152940</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.atitle=The+species+concept+for+prokaryotes&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=39-67&rft.date=2001-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1574-6976.2001.tb00571.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11152940&rft.aulast=Rossell%C3%B3-Mora&rft.aufirst=Ramon&rft.au=Amann%2C+Rudolf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1574-6976.2001.tb00571.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspesye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite id="CITEREFAndinoDomingo2015" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Andino, Raul; Domingo, Esteban (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4826558">"Viral quasispecies"</a>. <i>Virology</i>. 479–480: 46–51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.virol.2015.03.022">10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.022</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMC (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Malayang makukuha"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4826558">4826558</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25824477">25824477</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Viral+quasispecies&rft.volume=479%E2%80%93480&rft.pages=46-51&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4826558%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25824477&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.virol.2015.03.022&rft.aulast=Andino&rft.aufirst=Raul&rft.au=Domingo%2C+Esteban&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4826558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspesye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite id="CITEREFBiebricherEigen2006" class="citation book cs1">Biebricher, C. K.; Eigen, M. (2006). <i>Quasispecies: Concept and Implications for Virology</i>. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Bol. 299. Springer. pp. 1–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F3-540-26397-7_1">10.1007/3-540-26397-7_1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-3-540-26397-5" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-3-540-26397-5"><bdi>978-3-540-26397-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16568894">16568894</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quasispecies%3A+Concept+and+Implications+for+Virology&rft.series=Current+Topics+in+Microbiology+and+Immunology&rft.pages=1-31&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16568894&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F3-540-26397-7_1&rft.isbn=978-3-540-26397-5&rft.aulast=Biebricher&rft.aufirst=C.+K.&rft.au=Eigen%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspesye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite id="CITEREFTeueman2009" class="citation journal cs1">Teueman, A. E. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/geological-magazine/article/div-classtitlethe-species-concept-in-palaeontologydiv/A203CDD72F8979A98B134274082C1A1D#">"The Species-Concept in Palaeontology"</a>. <i>Geological Magazine</i>. <b>61</b> (8): 355–360. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1924GeoM...61..355T">1924GeoM...61..355T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS001675680008660X">10.1017/S001675680008660X</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=S2CID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S2CID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84339122">84339122</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170314155325/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/geological-magazine/article/div-classtitlethe-species-concept-in-palaeontologydiv/A203CDD72F8979A98B134274082C1A1D">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 14 Marso 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geological+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Species-Concept+in+Palaeontology&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=355-360&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A84339122%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS001675680008660X&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1924GeoM...61..355T&rft.aulast=Teueman&rft.aufirst=A.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fgeological-magazine%2Farticle%2Fdiv-classtitlethe-species-concept-in-palaeontologydiv%2FA203CDD72F8979A98B134274082C1A1D%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspesye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZachos2016101-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZachos2016101_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZachos2016">Zachos 2016</a>, p. 101.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFZachos2016 (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Kategorya:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZachos2016156–157-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZachos2016156–157_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZachos2016">Zachos 2016</a>, pp. 156–157.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFZachos2016 (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Kategorya:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite id="CITEREFLahrLaughinghouseOliverio,_A._M.Gao,_F.2014" class="citation journal cs1">Lahr, D. J.; Laughinghouse, H. D.; Oliverio, A. M.; Gao, F.; Katz, L. A. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4288574">"How discordant morphological and molecular evolution among microorganisms can revise our notions of biodiversity on Earth"</a>. <i>BioEssays</i>. <b>36</b> (10): 950–959. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fbies.201400056">10.1002/bies.201400056</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMC (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Malayang makukuha"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4288574">4288574</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25156897">25156897</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioEssays&rft.atitle=How+discordant+morphological+and+molecular+evolution+among+microorganisms+can+revise+our+notions+of+biodiversity+on+Earth&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=950-959&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4288574%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25156897&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fbies.201400056&rft.aulast=Lahr&rft.aufirst=D.+J.&rft.au=Laughinghouse%2C+H.+D.&rft.au=Oliverio%2C+A.+M.&rft.au=Gao%2C+F.&rft.au=Katz%2C+L.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4288574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspesye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Melcher-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Melcher_13-0">13.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Melcher_13-1">13.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite id="CITEREFMelcher2001" class="citation web cs1">Melcher, Ulrich (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071146/http://bioinfosu.okstate.edu/MG/MGW3/MG334.html">"Molecular genetics: Horizontal gene transfer"</a>. Oklahoma State University. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioinfosu.okstate.edu/MG/MGW3/MG334.html">orihinal</a> noong 4 Marso 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Molecular+genetics%3A+Horizontal+gene+transfer&rft.pub=Oklahoma+State+University&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Melcher&rft.aufirst=Ulrich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioinfosu.okstate.edu%2FMG%2FMGW3%2FMG334.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspesye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bapteste2005-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bapteste2005_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite id="CITEREFBapteste2005" class="citation journal cs1">Bapteste, E.; atbp. (May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1156881">"Do orthologous gene phylogenies really support tree-thinking?"</a>. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>. <b>5</b> (33): 33. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2148-5-33">10.1186/1471-2148-5-33</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMC (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Malayang makukuha"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1156881">1156881</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15913459">15913459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Evolutionary+Biology&rft.atitle=Do+orthologous+gene+phylogenies+really+support+tree-thinking%3F&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=33&rft.pages=33&rft.date=2005-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1156881%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15913459&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1471-2148-5-33&rft.aulast=Bapteste&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1156881&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspesye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williamson_2003-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Williamson_2003_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliamson2003" class="citation book cs1">Williamson, David I. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/originsoflarvae0000will"><i>The Origins of Larvae</i></a>. Kluwer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-1-4020-1514-4" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-1-4020-1514-4"><bdi>978-1-4020-1514-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Larvae&rft.pub=Kluwer&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-1514-4&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=David+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foriginsoflarvae0000will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspesye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="navbox collapsible autocollapse"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1843287">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Kahanayang_pang-taksonomiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Kahanayang pang-taksonomiya (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Kahanayang_pang-taksonomiya&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><span style="font-size:110%;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taxonomic_ranks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taxonomic ranks (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kahanayan sa Taksonomiya</a> </span> </th></tr> <tr style="padding:0 2% 0 2%; text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orden_(biyolohiya)" title="Orden (biyolohiya)">Magnaorden</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="padding:0 2% 0 2%; text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Dominyo" title="Dominyo"><b>Dominyo</b>/Punong-kaharian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Punong-lapi" class="mw-redirect" title="Punong-lapi">Punong-lapi/Punong-hati</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Klase_(biyolohiya)" title="Klase (biyolohiya)">Punong-klase</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orden_(biyolohiya)" title="Orden (biyolohiya)">Punong-orden</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Punong-pamilya_(soolohiya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punong-pamilya (soolohiya)">Punong-pamilya</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punong-tribo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punong-tribo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Punong-tribo</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punong-uri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punong-uri (hindi pa naisusulat)">Punong-uri</a> </td></tr> <tr style="padding:0 2% 0 2%; text-align:center;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kaharian_(biyolohiya)" title="Kaharian (biyolohiya)">Kaharian</a></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kalapian" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalapian">Kalapian</a></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Klase_(biyolohiya)" title="Klase (biyolohiya)">Klase</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lehiyon_(biyolohiya)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lehiyon (biyolohiya) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Lehiyon</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Orden_(biyolohiya)" title="Orden (biyolohiya)">Orden</a></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Pamilya_(biyolohiya)" title="Pamilya (biyolohiya)">Pamilya</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribo_(biyolohiya)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribo (biyolohiya) (hindi pa naisusulat)"><b>Tribo</b></a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Sari" class="mw-redirect" title="Sari">Sari</a></b> </td> <td><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Espesye</a></b> </td></tr> <tr style="padding:0 2% 0 2%; text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Subkaharian" class="mw-redirect" title="Subkaharian">Subkaharian</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sublapi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" 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