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Jamaica-koalisjon – Wikipedia
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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jamaica-koalisjon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 20 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica-koalition" title="Jamaica-koalition – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jamaica-koalition" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7" title="ائتلاف جامايكا – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ائتلاف جامايكا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamajsk%C3%A1_koalice" title="Jamajská koalice – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jamajská koalice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaika-Koalition" title="Jamaika-Koalition – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jamaika-Koalition" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_coalition_(politics)" title="Jamaica coalition (politics) – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Jamaica coalition (politics)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalici%C3%B3n_Jamaica" title="Coalición Jamaica – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Coalición Jamaica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalition_jama%C3%AFcaine" title="Coalition jamaïcaine – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Coalition jamaïcaine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%B9%B4_%EC%97%B0%EC%A0%95" title="자메이카 연정 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자메이카 연정" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaj%C4%8Danska_koalicija" title="Jamajčanska koalicija – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jamajčanska koalicija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koalisi_Jamaika" title="Koalisi Jamaika – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Koalisi Jamaika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaika-Koalition" title="Jamaika-Koalition – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jamaika-Koalition" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%92%27%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="קואליציית ג'מייקה – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קואליציית ג'מייקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica-koal%C3%ADci%C3%B3" title="Jamaica-koalíció – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jamaica-koalíció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica-coalitie" title="Jamaica-coalitie – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jamaica-coalitie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AB%E9%80%A3%E7%AB%8B" title="ジャマイカ連立 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャマイカ連立" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koalicja_jamajska" title="Koalicja jamajska – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Koalicja jamajska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ямайская коалиция – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ямайская коалиция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_coalition" title="Jamaica coalition – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jamaica coalition" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Јамајка коалиција – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јамајка коалиција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%99%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%A0%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="牙买加联盟 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="牙买加联盟" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_Jamaica.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/250px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/375px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/500px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaicas</a> flagg.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Jamaica-koalisjon</b> er en <a href="/wiki/Metafor" title="Metafor">metafor</a> for en politisk koalisjon mellom partier som forbindes med fargene sort, gul og grønn, som er fargene i <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaicas</a> flagg. </p><p>I Tyskland vil en koalisjon mellom <a href="/wiki/CDU" class="mw-redirect" title="CDU">CDU</a>/<a href="/wiki/CDU/CSU" title="CDU/CSU">CSU</a>, <a href="/wiki/FDP" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP">FDP</a> og <a href="/wiki/De_gr%C3%B8nne_(Tyskland)" class="mw-redirect" title="De grønne (Tyskland)">De grønne</a>, få et slikt tilnavn. Disse partiene forbindes med fargene sort, gul og grønn.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En Jamaica-koalisjon oppsto første gang i Tyskland i <a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a> i 2009, under ledelse av CDUs <a href="/wiki/Peter_M%C3%BCller_(politiker)" title="Peter Müller (politiker)">Peter Müller</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Begrepets_forhistorie">Begrepets forhistorie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaica-koalisjon&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Begrepets forhistorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaica-koalisjon&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Begrepets forhistorie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Da koalisjoner av CDU, FDP og De grønne, altså svart-gul-grønn, til å begynne med overhodet ble diskutert som en teoretisk mulighet (første gang dokumentert i forbindelse med lokalvalget i <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a> i 1991) var det opprinnelig under en annen merkelapp, nemlig «svart trafikklys» (tysk: <i>schwarze Ampel</i>, populært forkortet <i>Schwampel</i>). Dette fordi <i><a href="/wiki/Trafikklys-koalisjon" title="Trafikklys-koalisjon">trafikklys-koalisjon</a></i> i tysk «politisk fargelære» allerede var et etablert begrep, og på delstatsnivå en realitet allerede i 1990 i <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>, altså en koalisjon av SPD, FDP og De grønne; rød-gul-grønn. </p><p>Det finnes belegg for at begrepet Jamaica-koalisjon ble benyttet i media så tidlig som 1994, men ennå på det tidspunkt var en slik koalisjon ikke stort mer enn en teoretisk mulighet på lokalt politisk nivå. Begrepet festet seg dermed ikke i alminnelig språkbruk, og ble fra tid til annen «oppfunnet på nytt» av politiske kommentatorer i forbindelse med spekulasjoner rundt valg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gjennomslag_i_almen_språkbruk_fra_2005"><span id="Gjennomslag_i_almen_spr.C3.A5kbruk_fra_2005"></span>Gjennomslag i almen språkbruk fra 2005</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaica-koalisjon&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Gjennomslag i almen språkbruk fra 2005" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaica-koalisjon&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Gjennomslag i almen språkbruk fra 2005"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I forkant av <a href="/wiki/Forbundsdagsvalget_i_Tyskland_2005" title="Forbundsdagsvalget i Tyskland 2005">forbundsdagsvalget i 2005</a>, ble en Jamaica-koalisjon for første gang brakt på bane av kommentatorer i media som en mulighet på nasjonalt (føderalt) nivå. Virkelig alment kjent ble begrepet først på selve valgkvelden 18. september, da det ble benyttet gjentatte ganger av den statlige fjernsynskanalen <a href="/wiki/ARD" title="ARD">ARDs</a> kommentator. </p><p>Bakgrunnen var at det allerede i forkant av valget mer og mer hadde avtegnet seg et sannsynlig resultat der et valgforbund mellom <a href="/wiki/Die_Linkspartei" title="Die Linkspartei">Die Linkspartei</a> og <a href="/wiki/Arbeit_%26_soziale_Gerechtigkeit_%E2%80%93_Die_Wahlalternative" title="Arbeit & soziale Gerechtigkeit – Die Wahlalternative">WASG</a> (senere sammenslått til <a href="/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke">Die Linke</a> i 2007) lå an til å få et antall mandater som ville resultere i at det ikke ville bli mulig å stable på bena et flertall for noen av de to etablerte koalisjonsalternativene (dvs. enten det sittende rød-grønne, eller det svart-gule som den borgerlige opposisjonen gikk til valg på). Valgresultatet bekreftet da også denne prognosen, men etter mange ukers forhandlinger som inneholdt diskusjoner om uortodokse koalisjonsvarianter som Jamaica- eller trafikklyskoalisjon, samt diverse annen tautrekking og taktiske manøvreringer, ble det til slutt dannet en <a href="/wiki/Storkoalisjon" title="Storkoalisjon">storkoalisjon</a> av CDU/CSU og SPD (svart-rød). Den 22. november, over 2 måneder etter forbundsdagsvalget, ble <a href="/wiki/CDU" class="mw-redirect" title="CDU">CDUs</a> leder <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> av <a href="/wiki/Forbundsdagen" title="Forbundsdagen">Forbundsdagens</a> medlemmer valgt til ny regjeringssjef (forbundskansler). </p><p>Etter 2005 har begrepet Jamaica-koalisjon fått solid gjennomslag i Tyskland, og mer og mer fortrengt det eldre begrepet «svart trafikklys». Dette henger nok sammen med at «Jamaica»-begrepet kan tillegges en ekstra dimensjon, ved at det også spiller på at en slik koalisjon rent politisk har noe ikke bare utradisjonelt, men nærmest «eksotisk» ved seg. I tillegg kommer at det nettopp i Tyskland er nærliggende å assosiere de politiske partienes farger med nasjonalflagg. Den tyske Forbundsdagen besto gjennom mange år, helt fram til De grønnes inntreden i 1983, av kun 3 partigrupperinger: CDU/CSU, SPD og FDP, hvis partifarger er henholdsvis svart, rød og gul, altså fargene i <a href="/wiki/Tysklands_flagg" title="Tysklands flagg">Tysklands eget nasjonalflagg</a>. </p><p>Hva reelle Jamaica-koalisjoner angår, ble altså den første og hittil eneste på delstatsnivå dannet i Saarland i 2009. Samtidig er dette bare andre gang at CDU og Grønne sitter i regjering sammen på delstatsnivå, etter at <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> fikk en svart-grønn regjering i 2008. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utenfor_Tyskland">Utenfor Tyskland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaica-koalisjon&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Utenfor Tyskland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaica-koalisjon&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Utenfor Tyskland"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lignende koalisjoner (konservativt + liberalt + grønt) regjerer eller har regjert i <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsjekkia" title="Tsjekkia">Tsjekkia</a> og <a href="/wiki/Irland" title="Irland">Irland</a>, men siden partiene i disse landene har andre partifarger, omtales de ikke som Jamaica-koalisjoner. </p><p>På <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, som har lånt navnet til denne konstellasjonen, finnes det for øvrig bare to partier og ingen koalisjoner. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaica-koalisjon&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaica-koalisjon&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sueddeutsche.de/kolumne/niedersachsen-die-cdu-hat-sich-selbst-ein-bein-gestellt-1.3715225">«Die CDU hat sich selbst ein Bein gestellt»</a>. <i>sueddeutsche.de</i> (på tysk). 2017. <a href="/wiki/Internasjonalt_standard_periodikanummer" title="Internasjonalt standard periodikanummer">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0174-4917">0174-4917</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 10. november 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AJamaica-koalisjon&rft.atitle=Die+CDU+hat+sich+selbst+ein+Bein+gestellt&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0174-4917&rft.jtitle=sueddeutsche.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sueddeutsche.de%2Fkolumne%2Fniedersachsen-die-cdu-hat-sich-selbst-ein-bein-gestellt-1.3715225&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="ve-conditional-display-block">Autoritetsdata</div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐59b954b7fb‐mvtn7 Cached time: 20241206032227 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.084 seconds Real time usage: 0.222 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 110/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1955/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 14/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 6/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1264/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.038/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1992717/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 83.854 1 -total 59.14% 49.588 1 Mal:Kilde_avis 39.23% 32.894 1 Mal:Autoritetsdata --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key nowiki:pcache:78649:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241206032227 and revision id 23808962. 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