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menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <!-- version 1.0.2 (change every time you update a partial) --> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unpaywall&amp;redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Unpaywall">Unpaywall</a>)</span></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>OurResearch</b>, formerly known as <b>ImpactStory</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">nonprofit organization</a> that creates and distributes tools and services for libraries, institutions and researchers. The organization follows <a href="/wiki/Openness" title="Openness">open practices</a> with their data (to the extent allowed by providers' terms of service), code,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and governance.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OurResearch is funded by the <a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Sloan_Foundation" title="Alfred P. Sloan Foundation">Alfred P. Sloan Foundation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_Fund" title="Arcadia Fund">Arcadia Fund</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">OurResearch</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ourresearch_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Logo of OurResearch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ourresearch_logo.png/220px-Ourresearch_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ourresearch_logo.png/330px-Ourresearch_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ourresearch_logo.png/440px-Ourresearch_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="518" data-file-height="164"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Logo of OurResearch</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">2011<span class="noprint">; 13 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2011</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Else2018_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Else2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data">Jason Priem<br>Heather Piwowar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Nonprofit Organization</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Taxpayer_Identification_Number" title="Taxpayer Identification Number">Tax ID no.</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">46-1599252</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)_organization" title="501(c)(3) organization">501(c)(3) organization</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sanford,_North_Carolina" title="Sanford, North Carolina">Sanford, NC</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Services</th><td class="infobox-data note">Unpaywall, Unsub, OpenAlex, ImpactStory, Depsy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourresearch.org">ourresearch<wbr></wbr>.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Formerly called</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">ImpactStory</td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Services"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Services</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#ImpactStory"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">ImpactStory</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Unpaywall"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Unpaywall</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#GetTheResearch.org"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">GetTheResearch.org</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Unsub"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Unsub</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#OpenAlex"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">OpenAlex</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Services">Services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=OurResearch&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Services" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ImpactStory">ImpactStory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=OurResearch&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: ImpactStory" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>ImpactStory is the first <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a>, web-based tool released by <i>OurResearch</i>. It provides <a href="/wiki/Altmetrics" title="Altmetrics">altmetrics</a> to help researchers measure the impacts of their research outputs including journal articles, <a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">blog posts</a>, datasets, and software.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This aims to change the focus of the scholarly reward system to value and encourage web-native scholarship. </p><p>It provides context to its metrics so that they are meaningful without knowledge of the specific dataset: for example, instead of letting the reader guess whether having five <a href="/wiki/Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">forks</a> on <a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a> is common, ImpactStory would tell that the repository is in the 95th percentile of all GitHub repositories created that year.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The metrics provided by <i>ImpactStory</i> can be used by researchers who want to know how many times their work has been downloaded and shared,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also research funders who are interested in the impact of research beyond only considering citations to journal articles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unpaywall">Unpaywall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=OurResearch&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Unpaywall" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Unpaywall, begun as an interface for <i>oaDOI.org</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Browser_extension" title="Browser extension">browser extension</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which finds legal free versions of (paywalled) scholarly articles.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2018, Unpaywall was reported to provide free access to 20 million articles,<sup id="cite_ref-Else2018_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Else2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which accounts for about 47% of the articles that people search for with Unpaywall.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2024, Unpaywall claims to provide access to 49 million free articles.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It further states that "Unpaywall users read 52% of research papers for free".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2017, it was integrated into <a href="/wiki/Web_of_Science" title="Web of Science">Web of Science</a>, and in July 2018, <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a> announced plans the same month to integrate the service into the <a href="/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus">Scopus</a> search engine.<sup id="cite_ref-Else2018_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Else2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GetTheResearch.org">GetTheResearch.org</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=OurResearch&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: GetTheResearch.org" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In 2019, GetTheResearch.org<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was announced as a search engine for <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a> content found by Unpaywall, with <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a> features to facilitate <a href="/wiki/Discoverability" title="Discoverability">discoverability</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unsub">Unsub</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=OurResearch&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Unsub" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Unpaywall_Journals"></span> Unsub,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> previously Unpaywall Journals,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was launched in 2019<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a <a href="/wiki/Data_analysis" title="Data analysis">data analysis</a> tool for libraries to estimate the actual cost and value of their subscriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tool reduces <a href="/wiki/Information_asymmetry" title="Information asymmetry">information asymmetry</a> in negotiations over <a href="/wiki/Subscription_business_model" title="Subscription business model">subscriptions</a> with publishers: in its paid tailored version, it allows to merge <a href="#Unpaywall">Unpaywall</a> data about <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a> status and expected evolution in 5 years,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Article_processing_charge" title="Article processing charge">article processing charges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Project_COUNTER" title="Project COUNTER">usage statistics</a> and the libraries' own parameters<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (such as the cost of <a href="/wiki/Inter_Library_Loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Inter Library Loan">ILL</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) to calculate various indicators<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the cost effectiveness or net cost per use<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of a current or planned subscription (or lack thereof). </p><p>Unpaywall Journals was used in 2020 by the <a href="/wiki/SUNY_Libraries_Consortium" class="mw-redirect" title="SUNY Libraries Consortium">SUNY Libraries Consortium</a> to assist in the cancellation of their <a href="/wiki/Big_deal_(subscription_model)" class="mw-redirect" title="Big deal (subscription model)">big deal</a> with <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a>, which was replaced by a subscription to 248 titles,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> allowing expected savings of 50–70% over the baseline, or 5 to 7 million dollars per year.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="OpenAlex">OpenAlex</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=OurResearch&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: OpenAlex" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/OpenAlex_Web_UI_walk-through_6_March_2024.webm/220px--OpenAlex_Web_UI_walk-through_6_March_2024.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="148" data-durationhint="1017" data-mwtitle="OpenAlex_Web_UI_walk-through_6_March_2024.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:OpenAlex_Web_UI_walk-through_6_March_2024.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/OpenAlex_Web_UI_walk-through_6_March_2024.webm/OpenAlex_Web_UI_walk-through_6_March_2024.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="712" data-height="480"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/OpenAlex_Web_UI_walk-through_6_March_2024.webm/OpenAlex_Web_UI_walk-through_6_March_2024.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1068" data-height="720"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/OpenAlex_Web_UI_walk-through_6_March_2024.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-width="1930" data-height="1302"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/OpenAlex_Web_UI_walk-through_6_March_2024.webm/OpenAlex_Web_UI_walk-through_6_March_2024.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1600" data-height="1080"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/OpenAlex_Web_UI_walk-through_6_March_2024.webm/OpenAlex_Web_UI_walk-through_6_March_2024.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="214" data-height="144"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/OpenAlex_Web_UI_walk-through_6_March_2024.webm/OpenAlex_Web_UI_walk-through_6_March_2024.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="356" data-height="240"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/OpenAlex_Web_UI_walk-through_6_March_2024.webm/OpenAlex_Web_UI_walk-through_6_March_2024.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="534" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/OpenAlex_Web_UI_walk-through_6_March_2024.webm/OpenAlex_Web_UI_walk-through_6_March_2024.webm.360p.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="534" data-height="360"></source></video></span><figcaption>Demo of the OpenAlex <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a> as of March 2024</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/OpenAlex" title="OpenAlex">OpenAlex</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an open catalog of scholarly papers, authors, institutions, and more. OpenAlex launched in January 2022 with a free API and data snapshot.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The purpose of OpenAlex is to catalog publication sources, author information, and research topics. It also shows connections between these data points to provide a comprehensive, interlinked view of the global research system.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is considered an alternative to the Microsoft Academic Graph, which retired on December 31, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>OpenAlex contains extensive metadata across scientific works, authors, publication venues, institutions, and concepts. Specifically, it includes metadata for 209 million works such as journal articles and books; 13 million authors with disambiguated identities; metadata for 124,000 venues that host works, including journals and online repositories; metadata for 109,000 institutions; and 65,000 concepts from <a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>, which are algorithmically linked to works using an automated hierarchical multi-tag classifier.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=OurResearch&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/12ft" title="12ft">12ft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bypass_Paywalls_Clean" title="Bypass Paywalls Clean">Bypass Paywalls Clean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICanHazPDF" title="ICanHazPDF">#ICanHazPDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_Genesis" title="Library Genesis">Library Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Access_Button" title="Open Access Button">Open Access Button</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=OurResearch&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Else2018-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Else2018_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Else2018_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Else2018_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFElse2018" class="citation journal cs1">Else, Holly (15 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2FD41586-018-05968-3">"How Unpaywall is transforming open science"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>560</b> (7718): 290–291. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Natur.560..290E">2018Natur.560..290E</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2FD41586-018-05968-3">10.1038/D41586-018-05968-3</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30111793">30111793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.atitle=How+Unpaywall+is+transforming+open+science&amp;rft.volume=560&amp;rft.issue=7718&amp;rft.pages=290-291&amp;rft.date=2018-08-15&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30111793&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2FD41586-018-05968-3&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018Natur.560..290E&amp;rft.aulast=Else&amp;rft.aufirst=Holly&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252FD41586-018-05968-3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOurResearch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guidestar.org/profile/46-1599252">"Entry of Impactstory in GuideStar"</a>. <i>GuideStar</i>. <a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=OpenAlex&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenalex.org&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOurResearch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiwowar2022" class="citation web cs1">Piwowar, Heather (2022-01-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.ourresearch.org/openalex-launch/">"OpenAlex launch!"</a>. <i>OurResearch blog</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=OurResearch+blog&amp;rft.atitle=OpenAlex+launch%21&amp;rft.date=2022-01-06&amp;rft.aulast=Piwowar&amp;rft.aufirst=Heather&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.ourresearch.org%2Fopenalex-launch%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOurResearch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh_Chawla2022" class="citation journal cs1">Singh Chawla, Dalmeet (2022-01-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00138-y">"Massive open index of scholarly papers launches"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fd41586-022-00138-y">10.1038/d41586-022-00138-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35075274">35075274</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:246278314">246278314</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.atitle=Massive+open+index+of+scholarly+papers+launches&amp;rft.date=2022-01-24&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A246278314%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35075274&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fd41586-022-00138-y&amp;rft.aulast=Singh+Chawla&amp;rft.aufirst=Dalmeet&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fd41586-022-00138-y&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOurResearch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/academic/articles/microsoft-academic-to-expand-horizons-with-community-driven-approach/">"Next Steps for Microsoft Academic - Expanding into New Horizons"</a>. <i>Microsoft Research</i>. 4 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Research&amp;rft.atitle=Next+Steps+for+Microsoft+Academic+-+Expanding+into+New+Horizons&amp;rft.date=2021-05-04&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fresearch%2Fproject%2Facademic%2Farticles%2Fmicrosoft-academic-to-expand-horizons-with-community-driven-approach%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOurResearch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00103-9">"Fossil-record bias and huge research database"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>601</b> (7893): 303. 2022-01-20. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022Natur.601..303.">2022Natur.601..303.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fd41586-022-00103-9">10.1038/d41586-022-00103-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:256820124">256820124</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.atitle=Fossil-record+bias+and+huge+research+database&amp;rft.volume=601&amp;rft.issue=7893&amp;rft.pages=303&amp;rft.date=2022-01-20&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fd41586-022-00103-9&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A256820124%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.issn=0028-0836&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022Natur.601..303.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fd41586-022-00103-9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOurResearch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPriemPiwowarOrr2022" class="citation arxiv cs1">Priem, Jason; Piwowar, Heather; Orr, Richard (2022). "OpenAlex: A fully-open index of scholarly works, authors, venues, institutions, and concepts". <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.01833">2205.01833</a></span> [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/archive/cs.DL">cs.DL</a>].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=preprint&amp;rft.jtitle=arXiv&amp;rft.atitle=OpenAlex%3A+A+fully-open+index+of+scholarly+works%2C+authors%2C+venues%2C+institutions%2C+and+concepts&amp;rft.date=2022&amp;rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2205.01833&amp;rft.aulast=Priem&amp;rft.aufirst=Jason&amp;rft.au=Piwowar%2C+Heather&amp;rft.au=Orr%2C+Richard&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOurResearch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=OurResearch&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDhakal2019" class="citation journal cs1">Dhakal, Kerry (15 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6466485">"Unpaywall"</a>. <i>Journal of the Medical Library Association</i>. <b>107</b> (2): 286–288. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5195%2Fjmla.2019.650">10.5195/jmla.2019.650</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6466485">6466485</a></span>.</cite><span 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