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thinning</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: n-GaN thinning"> <meta name="keywords" content="n-GaN thinning"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="n-GaN thinning"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 103</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: n-GaN thinning</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">103</span> Indoor Radon Concentrations in the High Levels of Uranium Deposit of Phanom and Ko Pha-Ngan Districts, Surat Thani Province, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanokkan%20Titipornpun">Kanokkan Titipornpun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somphorn%20Sriarpanon"> Somphorn Sriarpanon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apinun%20Titipornpun"> Apinun Titipornpun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Gimsa"> Jan Gimsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tripob%20Bhongsuwan"> Tripob Bhongsuwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noodchanath%20Kongchouy"> Noodchanath Kongchouy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Phanom and Ko Pha-ngan districts of Surat Thani province are known for their high atmospheric radon concentrations from different sources. While Phanom district is located in an active fault zone, the main radon source in Ko Pha-ngan district is the high amounts of equivalent uranium in the ground surface. Survey measurements of the indoor radon concentrations have been carried out in 105 dwellings and 93 workplaces, using CR-39 detectors that were exposed to indoor radon for forty days. Alpha tracks were made visible by chemical etching and counted manually under an optical microscope. The indoor radon concentrations in the two districts were found to vary between 9 and 63 Bq m-3 (Phanom) and 12 and 645 Bq m-3 (Ko Pha-ngan). The geometric mean radon concentration in Ko Pha-ngan district (51±2 Bq m-3) was significantly higher than in the Phanom district (26±1 Bq m-3) at a significance level of p<0.05 (t-test for independent samples). Nevertheless, only in two dwellings (1%), located in Ko Pha-ngan district, radon concentrations (177 and 645 Bq m-3) were found to exceed the limit recommended by the US EPA of 148 Bq m-3. The two houses are probably located near to radon sources which, in combination with low air convection, led to increased indoor levels of radon. Our study also shows that the geometric mean radon concentration was higher in workplaces than in dwellings (0.05 significance level) in both districts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20radon" title="indoor radon">indoor radon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CR-39%20detector" title=" CR-39 detector"> CR-39 detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20fault%20zone" title=" active fault zone"> active fault zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20uranium" title=" equivalent uranium"> equivalent uranium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44717/indoor-radon-concentrations-in-the-high-levels-of-uranium-deposit-of-phanom-and-ko-pha-ngan-districts-surat-thani-province-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">102</span> Particle Migration in Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluid </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shamik%20Hazra">Shamik Hazra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sushanta%20Mitra"> Sushanta Mitra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashis%20Sen"> Ashis Sen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite growing interest of microparticle manipulation in non-Newtonian fluids, combined effect of viscoelasticity and shear thinning on particle lateral position is not well understood. We performed experiments with rigid microparticles of 15 µm diamater in popular Shear thinning viscoelastic (STVE) liquid poyethylene oxide (PEO) of different molecular weights (MW) and concentrations (c), for Reynolds number (Re) < 1. Microparticles in an STVE liquid revealed four different migration regimes: original streamline (OS), bimodal (BM), centre migration (CM) and defocusing (DF), depending upon the Re and c and interplay of different forces is also elucidated. Our investigation will be helpful to select proper polymer concentration to achieve desired particle focusing inside microchannel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20migration" title="lateral migration">lateral migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microparticle" title=" microparticle"> microparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene%20oxide" title=" polyethylene oxide"> polyethylene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20thinning" title=" shear thinning"> shear thinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscoelasticity" title=" viscoelasticity"> viscoelasticity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128138/particle-migration-in-shear-thinning-viscoelastic-fluid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">101</span> Surface Roughness Effects in Pure Sliding EHL Line Contacts with Carreau-Type Shear-Thinning Lubricants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Punit%20Kumar">Punit Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niraj%20Kumar"> Niraj Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of transverse surface roughness on EHL characteristics has been investigated numerically using an extensive set of full EHL line contact simulations for shear-thinning lubricants under pure sliding condition. The shear-thinning behavior of lubricant is modeled using Carreau viscosity equation along with Doolittle-Tait equation for lubricant compressibility. The surface roughness is assumed to be sinusoidal and it is present on the stationary surface. It is found that surface roughness causes sharp pressure peaks along with reduction in central and minimum film thickness. With increasing amplitude of surface roughness, the minimum film thickness decreases much more rapidly as compared to the central film thickness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EHL" title="EHL">EHL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carreau" title=" Carreau"> Carreau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear-thinning" title=" shear-thinning"> shear-thinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amplitude" title=" amplitude"> amplitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelength" title=" wavelength"> wavelength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6356/surface-roughness-effects-in-pure-sliding-ehl-line-contacts-with-carreau-type-shear-thinning-lubricants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">731</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">100</span> Various Modification of Electrochemical Barrier Layer Thinning of Anodic Aluminum Oxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20J.%20St%C4%99pniowski">W. J. Stępniowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Florkiewicz"> W. Florkiewicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Norek"> M. Norek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Michalska-Doma%C5%84ska"> M. Michalska-Domańska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Ko%C5%9Bciuczyk"> E. Kościuczyk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Czujko"> T. Czujko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, two options of anodic alumina barrier layer thinning have been demonstrated. The approaches varied with the duration of the voltage step. It was found that too long step of the barrier layer thinning process leads to chemical etching of the nanopores on their top. At the bottoms pores are not fully opened what is disadvantageous for further applications in nanofabrication. On the other hand, while the duration of the voltage step is controlled by the current density (value of the current density cannot exceed 75% of the value recorded during previous voltage step) the pores are fully opened. However, pores at the bottom obtained with this procedure have smaller diameter, nevertheless this procedure provides electric contact between the bare aluminum (substrate) and electrolyte, what is suitable for template assisted electrodeposition, one of the most cost-efficient synthesis method in nanotechnology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anodic%20aluminum%20oxide" title="anodic aluminum oxide">anodic aluminum oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anodization" title=" anodization"> anodization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barrier%20layer%20thinning" title=" barrier layer thinning"> barrier layer thinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanopores" title=" nanopores"> nanopores</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17451/various-modification-of-electrochemical-barrier-layer-thinning-of-anodic-aluminum-oxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">99</span> Effect of Thinning Practice on Carbon Storage in Soil Forest Northern Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zouhaier%20Nasr">Zouhaier Nasr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Nouri"> Mohamed Nouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increase in greenhouse gases since the pre-industrial period is a real threat to disrupting the balance of marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Along with the oceans, forest soils are considered to be the planet's second-largest carbon sink. North African forests have been subject to alarming degradation for several decades. The objective of this investigation is to determine and quantify the effect of thinning practiced in pine forests in northern Tunisia on the storage of organic carbon in the trees and in the soil. The plot planted in 1989 underwent thinning in 2005 on to plots; the density is therefore 1600 trees/ha in control and 400 trees/ha in thinning. Direct dendrometric measurements (diameter, height, branches, stem) were taken. In the soil part, six profiles of 1m / 1m / 1m were used for soil and root samples and biomass and organic matter measurements. The measurements obtained were statistically processed by appropriate software. The results clearly indicate that thinning improves tree growth, so the diameter increased from 24.3 cm to 30.1 cm. Carbon storage in the trunks was 35% more and 25% for the whole tree. At ground level, the thinned plot shows a slight increase in soil organic matter and quantity of carbon per tree, exceeding the control by 10 to 25%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest" title="forest">forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon" title=" carbon"> carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title=" Tunisia"> Tunisia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146020/effect-of-thinning-practice-on-carbon-storage-in-soil-forest-northern-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">98</span> Parametrical Simulation of Sheet Metal Forming Process to Control the Localized Thinning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatem%20Mrad">Hatem Mrad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alban%20Notin"> Alban Notin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Bouazara"> Mohamed Bouazara </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sheet metal forming process has a multiple successive steps starting from sheets fixation to sheets evacuation. Often after forming operation, the sheet has defects requiring additional corrections steps. For example, in the drawing process, the formed sheet may have several defects such as springback, localized thinning and bends. All these defects are directly dependent on process, geometric and material parameters. The prediction and elimination of these defects requires the control of most sensitive parameters. The present study is concerned with a reliable parametric study of deep forming process in order to control the localized thinning. The proposed approach will be based on stochastic finite element method. Especially, the polynomial Chaos development will be used to establish a reliable relationship between input (process, geometric and material parameters) and output variables (sheet thickness). The commercial software Abaqus is used to conduct numerical finite elements simulations. The automatized parametrical modification is provided by coupling a FORTRAN routine, a PYTHON script and input Abaqus files. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sheet%20metal%20forming" title="sheet metal forming">sheet metal forming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=localized%20thinning" title=" localized thinning"> localized thinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parametric%20simulation" title=" parametric simulation"> parametric simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8162/parametrical-simulation-of-sheet-metal-forming-process-to-control-the-localized-thinning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8162.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">97</span> Macular Ganglion Cell Inner Plexiform Layer Thinning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hye-Young%20Shin">Hye-Young Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chan%20Kee%20Park"> Chan Kee Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: To compare the thinning patterns of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) as measured using Cirrus high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) in patients with visual field (VF) defects that respect the vertical meridian. Methods: Twenty eyes of eleven patients with VF defects that respect the vertical meridian were enrolled retrospectively. The thicknesses of the macular GCIPL and pRNFL were measured using Cirrus HD-OCT. The 5% and 1% thinning area index (TAI) was calculated as the proportion of abnormally thin sectors at the 5% and 1% probability level within the area corresponding to the affected VF. The 5% and 1% TAI were compared between the GCIPL and pRNFL measurements. Results: The color-coded GCIPL deviation map showed a characteristic vertical thinning pattern of the GCIPL, which is also seen in the VF of patients with brain lesions. The 5% and 1% TAI were significantly higher in the GCIPL measurements than in the pRNFL measurements (all P < 0.01). Conclusions: Macular GCIPL analysis clearly visualized a characteristic topographic pattern of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss in patients with VF defects that respect the vertical meridian, unlike pRNFL measurements. Macular GCIPL measurements provide more valuable information than pRNFL measurements for detecting the loss of RGCs in patients with retrograde degeneration of the optic nerve fibers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20lesion" title="brain lesion">brain lesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macular%20ganglion%20cell" title=" macular ganglion cell"> macular ganglion cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inner%20plexiform%20layer" title=" inner plexiform layer"> inner plexiform layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral-domain%20optical%20coherence%20tomography" title=" spectral-domain optical coherence tomography"> spectral-domain optical coherence tomography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25859/macular-ganglion-cell-inner-plexiform-layer-thinning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">96</span> N-Type GaN Thinning for Enhancing Light Extraction Efficiency in GaN-Based Thin-Film Flip-Chip Ultraviolet (UV) Light Emitting Diodes (LED)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anil%20Kawan">Anil Kawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soon%20Jae%20Yu"> Soon Jae Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Min%20Park"> Jong Min Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> GaN-based 365 nm wavelength ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LED) have various applications: curing, molding, purification, deodorization, and disinfection etc. However, their usage is limited by very low output power, because of the light absorption in the GaN layers. In this study, we demonstrate a method utilizing removal of 365 nm absorption layer buffer GaN and thinning the n-type GaN so as to improve the light extraction efficiency of the GaN-based 365 nm UV LED. The UV flip chip LEDs of chip size 1.3 mm x 1.3 mm were fabricated using GaN epilayers on a sapphire substrate. Via-hole n-type contacts and highly reflective Ag metal were used for efficient light extraction. LED wafer was aligned and bonded to AlN carrier wafer. To improve the extraction efficiency of the flip chip LED, sapphire substrate and absorption layer buffer GaN were removed by using laser lift-off and dry etching, respectively. To further increase the extraction efficiency of the LED, exposed n-type GaN thickness was reduced by using inductively coupled plasma etching. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction%20efficiency" title="extraction efficiency">extraction efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20emitting%20diodes" title=" light emitting diodes"> light emitting diodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=n-GaN%20thinning" title=" n-GaN thinning"> n-GaN thinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultraviolet" title=" ultraviolet"> ultraviolet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61185/n-type-gan-thinning-for-enhancing-light-extraction-efficiency-in-gan-based-thin-film-flip-chip-ultraviolet-uv-light-emitting-diodes-led" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">95</span> Failure Analysis of a Hydrocarbon Carrying/Piping System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esteban%20Morales%20Murillo">Esteban Morales Murillo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ephraim%20Mokgothu"> Ephraim Mokgothu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the findings of a study conducted to investigate the wall thinning in a piping system carrying a mix of hydrocarbons in a petrochemical plant. A detailed investigation including optical inspection and several characterisation techniques such as optical microscopy, SEM/EDX, and XRF/C-S analyses was conducted. The examinations revealed that the wall thinning in the piping system was a result of high-temperature H2/H2S corrosion caused by a susceptible material for this mechanism and operating parameters and effluent concentrations beyond the prescribed limits. The sulfide layers found to testify to the large amounts of H2S that led to material degradation. Deposit analysis revealed that it consisted primarily of carbon, oxygen, iron, chromium and sulfur. Metallographic examinations revealed that the attack initiated from the internal surface and that spheroidization of carbides did occur. The article discusses in detail the contribution failure factors on the Couper-Gorman H2/H2S curves to draw conclusions. Recommendations based on the above findings are also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title="corrosion">corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Couper-Gorman" title=" Couper-Gorman"> Couper-Gorman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-temperature%20corrosion" title=" high-temperature corrosion"> high-temperature corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulfidation" title=" sulfidation"> sulfidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20thinning" title=" wall thinning"> wall thinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piping%20system" title=" piping system"> piping system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24431/failure-analysis-of-a-hydrocarbon-carryingpiping-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">94</span> Neck Thinning Dynamics of Janus Droplets under Multiphase Interface Coupling in Cross Junction Microchannels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiahe%20Ru">Jiahe Ru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Pang"> Yan Pang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhaomiao%20Liu"> Zhaomiao Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Necking processes of the Janus droplet generation in the cross-junction microchannels are experimentally and theoretically investigated. The two dispersed phases that are simultaneously shear by continuous phases are liquid paraffin wax and 100cs silicone oil, in which 80% glycerin aqueous solution is used as continuous phases. According to the variation of minimum neck width and thinning rate, the necking process is divided into two stages, including the two-dimensional extrusion and the three-dimensional extrusion. In the two-dimensional extrusion stage, the evolutions of the tip extension length for the two discrete phases begin with the same trend, and then the length of liquid paraffin is larger than silicone oil. The upper and lower neck interface profiles in Janus necking process are asymmetrical when the tip extension velocity of paraffin oil is greater than that of silicone oil. In the three-dimensional extrusion stage, the neck of the liquid paraffin lags behind that of the silicone oil because of the higher surface tension, and finally, the necking fracture position gradually synchronizes. When the Janus droplets pinch off, the interfacial tension becomes positive to drive the neck thinning. The interface coupling of the three phases can cause asymmetric necking of the neck interface, which affects the necking time and, ultimately, the droplet volume. This paper mainly investigates the thinning dynamics of the liquid-liquid interface in confined microchannels. The revealed results could help to enhance the physical understanding of the droplet generation phenomenon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neck%20interface" title="neck interface">neck interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface%20coupling" title=" interface coupling"> interface coupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=janus%20droplets" title=" janus droplets"> janus droplets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiphase%20flow" title=" multiphase flow"> multiphase flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163142/neck-thinning-dynamics-of-janus-droplets-under-multiphase-interface-coupling-in-cross-junction-microchannels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">93</span> Spectrophotometric Evaluation of Custom Microalgae-Based Bioink Formulations for Optimized Green Bioprinting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olubusuyi%20Ayowole">Olubusuyi Ayowole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashir%20Khoda"> Bashir Khoda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Green bioprinting, from the context of merging 3D bioprinting with microalgae cell organization, holds promise for industrial-scale optimization. This study employs spectrophotometric analysis to explore post-bioprinting cell growth density variation within hybrid hydrogel biomaterial scaffolds. Three hydrogel biomaterials—Alginic acid sodium salt (ALGINATE), Nanofibrillated Cellulose (NFC) – TEMPO, and CarboxyMethyl Cellulose (CMC)—are chosen for their scaffolding capabilities. Bioink development and analysis of their impact on cell proliferation and morphology are conducted. Chlorella microalgae cell growth within hydrogel compositions is probed using absorbance measurements, with additional assessment of shear thinning properties. Notably, NFC exhibits reduced shear thinning compared to CMC. Results reveal that while mono-hydrogel substrates with pronounced adhesion inhibit Chlorella cell proliferation, Alginate fosters increased cell concentration alongside a slight viscosity rise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20bioprinting" title="green bioprinting">green bioprinting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3d%20bioprinting" title=" 3d bioprinting"> 3d bioprinting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae%20cell" title=" microalgae cell"> microalgae cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20hydrogel%20scaffolds" title=" hybrid hydrogel scaffolds"> hybrid hydrogel scaffolds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrophotometric%20analysis" title=" spectrophotometric analysis"> spectrophotometric analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioink%20development" title=" bioink development"> bioink development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20thinning%20properties" title=" shear thinning properties"> shear thinning properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188298/spectrophotometric-evaluation-of-custom-microalgae-based-bioink-formulations-for-optimized-green-bioprinting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">29</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">92</span> Inverted Diameter-Limit Thinning: A Promising Alternative for Mixed Populus tremuloides Stands Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ablo%20Paul%20Igor%20Hounzandji">Ablo Paul Igor Hounzandji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benoit%20Lafleur"> Benoit Lafleur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annie%20DesRochers"> Annie DesRochers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Populus tremuloides [Michx] regenerates rapidly and abundantly by root suckering after harvest, creating stands with interconnected stems. Pre-commercial thinning can be used to concentrate growth on fewer stems to reach merchantability faster than un-thinned stands. However, conventional thinning methods are typically designed to reach even spacing between residual stems (1,100 stem ha⁻¹, evenly distributed), which can lead to treated stands consisting of weaker/smaller stems compared to the original stands. Considering the nature of P. tremuloides's regeneration, with large underground biomass of interconnected roots, aiming to keep the most vigorous and largest stems, regardless of their spatial distribution, inverted diameter-limit thinning could be more beneficial to post-thinning stand productivity because it would reduce the imbalance between roots and leaf area caused by thinning. Aims: This study aimed to compare stand and stem productivity of P. tremuloides stands thinned with a conventional thinning treatment (CT; 1,100 stem ha⁻¹, evenly distributed), two levels of inverted diameter-limit thinning (DL1 and DL2, keeping the largest 1100 or 2200 stems ha⁻¹, respectively, regardless of their spatial distribution) and a control unthinned treatment. Because DL treatments can create substantial or frequent gaps in the thinned stands, we also aimed to evaluate the potential of this treatment to recreate mixed conifer-broadleaf stands by fill-planting Picea glauca seedlings. Methods: Three replicate 21 year-old sucker-regenerated aspen stands were thinned in 2010 according to four treatments: CT, DL1, DL2, and un-thinned control. Picea glauca seedlings were underplanted in gaps created by the DL1 and DL2 treatments. Stand productivity per hectare, stem quality (diameter and height, volume stem⁻¹) and survival and height growth of fill-planted P. glauca seedlings were measured 8 year post-treatments. Results: Productivity, volume, diameter, and height were better in the treated stands (CT, DL1, and DL2) than in the un-thinned control. Productivity of CT and DL1 stands was similar 4.8 m³ ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. At the tree level, diameter and height of the trees in the DL1 treatment were 5% greater than those in the CT treatment. The average volume of trees in the DL1 treatment was 11% higher than the CT treatment. Survival after 8 years of fill planted P. glauca seedlings was 2% greater in the DL1 than in the DL2 treatment. DL1 treatment also produced taller seedlings (+20 cm). Discussion: Results showed that DL treatments were effective in producing post-thinned stands with larger stems without affecting stand productivity. In addition, we showed that these treatments were suitable to introduce slower growing conifer seedlings such as Picea glauca in order to re-create or maintain mixed stands despite the aggressive nature of P. tremuloides sucker regeneration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aspen" title="Aspen">Aspen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverted%20diameter-limit" title=" inverted diameter-limit"> inverted diameter-limit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20forest" title=" mixed forest"> mixed forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=populus%20tremuloides" title=" populus tremuloides"> populus tremuloides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silviculture" title=" silviculture"> silviculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thinning" title=" thinning"> thinning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120220/inverted-diameter-limit-thinning-a-promising-alternative-for-mixed-populus-tremuloides-stands-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">91</span> Enhanced Thai Character Recognition with Histogram Projection Feature Extraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjawan%20Rangsikamol">Benjawan Rangsikamol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chutimet%20Srinilta"> Chutimet Srinilta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper deals with extraction of Thai character features using the proposed histogram projection so as to improve the recognition performance. The process starts with transformation of image files into binary files before thinning. After character thinning, the skeletons are entered into the proposed extraction using histogram projection (horizontal and vertical) to extract unique features which are inputs of the subsequent recognition step. The recognition rate with the proposed extraction technique is as high as 97 percent since the technique works very well with the idiosyncrasies of Thai characters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=character%20recognition" title="character recognition">character recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histogram%20projection" title=" histogram projection"> histogram projection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilayer%20perceptron" title=" multilayer perceptron"> multilayer perceptron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20character%20features%20extraction" title=" Thai character features extraction "> Thai character features extraction </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11674/enhanced-thai-character-recognition-with-histogram-projection-feature-extraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">90</span> Experimental Research on Neck Thinning Dynamics of Droplets in Cross Junction Microchannels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yilin%20Ma">Yilin Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhaomiao%20Liu"> Zhaomiao Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiang%20Wang"> Xiang Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Pang"> Yan Pang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microscale droplets play an increasingly important role in various applications, including medical diagnostics, material synthesis, chemical engineering, and cell research due to features of high surface-to-volume ratio and tiny scale, which can significantly improve reaction rates, enhance heat transfer efficiency, enable high-throughput parallel studies as well as reduce reagent usage. As a mature technique to manipulate small amounts of liquids, droplet microfluidics could achieve the precise control of droplet parameters such as size, uniformity, structure, and thus has been widely adopted in the engineering and scientific research of multiple fields. Necking processes of the droplet in the cross junction microchannels are experimentally and theoretically investigated and dynamic mechanisms of the neck thinning in two different regimes are revealed. According to evolutions of the minimum neck width and the thinning rate, the necking process is further divided into different stages and the main driving force during each stage is confirmed. Effects of the flow rates and the cross-sectional aspect ratio on the necking process as well as the neck profile at different stages are provided in detail. The distinct features of the two regimes in the squeezing stage are well captured by the theoretical estimations of the effective flow rate and the variations of the actual flow rates in different channels are reasonably reflected by the channel width ratio. In the collapsing stage, the quantitative relation between the minimum neck width and the remaining time is constructed to identify the physical mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20junction" title="cross junction">cross junction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neck%20thinning" title=" neck thinning"> neck thinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force%20analysis" title=" force analysis"> force analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inertial%20mechanism" title=" inertial mechanism"> inertial mechanism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148505/experimental-research-on-neck-thinning-dynamics-of-droplets-in-cross-junction-microchannels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">89</span> Effects of Magnetic Field Strength on Fluid Flow Behavior in a Constricted Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashkan%20Javadzadegan">Ashkan Javadzadegan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aitak%20Javadzadegan"> Aitak Javadzadegan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babak%20Fakhim"> Babak Fakhim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of possible ways to retard movement of fluid is through applying an external magnetic field. In this regard, this study is focused on the effect of a uniform transverse magnetic field on fluid flow behavior inside a channel with a local symmetric constriction. Also, Ellis Non-Newtonian model is implemented to address the effects of shear-dependent viscosity. According to the results, the flow separation downstream of the constriction can be controlled by applying an external magnetic field and/or manipulating the shear-thinning degree of fluid. It is also demonstrated that pressure drop increases by an increase in the strength of the magnetic field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title="magnetic field">magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-Newtonian" title=" non-Newtonian"> non-Newtonian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation" title=" separation"> separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20thinning" title=" shear thinning"> shear thinning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3080/effects-of-magnetic-field-strength-on-fluid-flow-behavior-in-a-constricted-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3080.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">88</span> Heat Transfer Dependent Vortex Shedding of Thermo-Viscous Shear-Thinning Fluids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markus%20R%C3%BCtten">Markus Rütten</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olaf%20W%C3%BCnsch"> Olaf Wünsch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-Newtonian fluid properties can change the flow behaviour significantly, its prediction is more difficult when thermal effects come into play. Hence, the focal point of this work is the wake flow behind a heated circular cylinder in the laminar vortex shedding regime for thermo-viscous shear thinning fluids. In the case of isothermal flows of Newtonian fluids the vortex shedding regime is characterised by a distinct Reynolds number and an associated Strouhal number. In the case of thermo-viscous shear thinning fluids the flow regime can significantly change in dependence of the temperature of the viscous wall of the cylinder. The Reynolds number alters locally and, consequentially, the Strouhal number globally. In the present CFD study the temperature dependence of the Reynolds and Strouhal number is investigated for the flow of a Carreau fluid around a heated cylinder. The temperature dependence of the fluid viscosity has been modelled by applying the standard Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) equation. In the present simulation campaign thermal boundary conditions have been varied over a wide range in order to derive a relation between dimensionless heat transfer, Reynolds and Strouhal number. Together with the shear thinning due to the high shear rates close to the cylinder wall this leads to a significant decrease of viscosity of three orders of magnitude in the nearfield of the cylinder and a reduction of two orders of magnitude in the wake field. Yet the shear thinning effect is able to change the flow topology: a complex K´arm´an vortex street occurs, also revealing distinct characteristic frequencies associated with the dominant and sub-dominant vortices. Heating up the cylinder wall leads to a delayed flow separation and narrower wake flow, giving lesser space for the sequence of counter-rotating vortices. This spatial limitation does not only reduce the amplitude of the oscillating wake flow it also shifts the dominant frequency to higher frequencies, furthermore it damps higher harmonics. Eventually the locally heated wake flow smears out. Eventually, the CFD simulation results of the systematically varied thermal flow parameter study have been used to describe a relation for the main characteristic order parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title="heat transfer">heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermo-viscous%20fluids" title=" thermo-viscous fluids"> thermo-viscous fluids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20thinning" title=" shear thinning"> shear thinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex%20shedding" title=" vortex shedding"> vortex shedding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66430/heat-transfer-dependent-vortex-shedding-of-thermo-viscous-shear-thinning-fluids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66430.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">87</span> Current Status and Future Trends of Mechanized Fruit Thinning Devices and Sensor Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Lopes">Marco Lopes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20D.%20Gaspar"> Pedro D. Gaspar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20P.%20Sim%C3%B5es"> Maria P. Simões</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reviews the different concepts that have been investigated concerning the mechanization of fruit thinning as well as multiple working principles and solutions that have been developed for feature extraction of horticultural products, both in the field and industrial environments. The research should be committed towards selective methods, which inevitably need to incorporate some kinds of sensor technology. Computer vision often comes out as an obvious solution for unstructured detection problems, although leaves despite the chosen point of view frequently occlude fruits. Further research on non-traditional sensors that are capable of object differentiation is needed. Ultrasonic and Near Infrared (NIR) technologies have been investigated for applications related to horticultural produce and show a potential to satisfy this need while simultaneously providing spatial information as time of flight sensors. Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) technology also shows a huge potential but it implies much greater costs and the related equipment is usually much larger, making it less suitable for portable devices, which may serve a purpose on smaller unstructured orchards. Portable devices may serve a purpose on these types of orchards. In what concerns sensor methods, on-tree fruit detection, major challenge is to overcome the problem of fruits’ occlusion by leaves and branches. Hence, nontraditional sensors capable of providing some type of differentiation should be investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruit%20thinning" title="fruit thinning">fruit thinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horticultural%20field" title=" horticultural field"> horticultural field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portable%20devices" title=" portable devices"> portable devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20technologies" title=" sensor technologies"> sensor technologies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96932/current-status-and-future-trends-of-mechanized-fruit-thinning-devices-and-sensor-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">86</span> Effects on Cortical Thickness due to Musical Training in Elementary School Children: The Importance of Manual Structural Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saba%20Daneshmand">Saba Daneshmand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Assal%20Habibi"> Assal Habibi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Studying musicians has become a prominent approach in macrostructural neuroscience research aimed at exploring the influence of environmental factors on brain development due to the significant impact of musical training on the brain. Although longitudinal studies can establish a direct causal relationship between musical training and brain development, only a limited number of studies have been conducted for a long enough duration. We recruited children for the experimental music group to participate in an after-school music program which was compared to the control group that had no such after-school program or enrichment activities. We ultimately calculated cortical thickness, a distinct measure of development. When a task such as playing an instrument occurs frequently, the associated neural processes become quicker and more refined over time, causing only the necessary pathways to remain; this, therefore, results in cortical thinning. The Brain and Music Lab has identified the anterior and posterior superior temporal gyrus, Heschl's gyrus, and the inferior regions to be involved with musicianship. The past study only found that the posterior superior temporal gyrus experienced a larger thinning in the music group compared to the control; however, we expect our ongoing study to produce similar but more intense results, including thinning in the other regions associated with musicianship. We believe the limited results of the previous study are due to its short duration which is why this ongoing and more lengthy longitudinal study is a significant and indispensable contribution in helping us discover the important developmental aspects of musical training. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cortical%20thickness" title="cortical thickness">cortical thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music" title=" music"> music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroimaging" title=" neuroimaging"> neuroimaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20development" title=" child development"> child development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192654/effects-on-cortical-thickness-due-to-musical-training-in-elementary-school-children-the-importance-of-manual-structural-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">16</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">85</span> Investigating Role of Novel Molecular Players in Forebrain Roof-Plate Midline Invagination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Ali%20Abbas%20Zaidi">Mohd Ali Abbas Zaidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meenu%20Sachdeva"> Meenu Sachdeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonaki%20Sen"> Jonaki Sen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the vertebrate embryo, the forebrain anlagen develops from the anterior-most region of the neural tube which is the precursor of the central nervous system (CNS). The roof plate located at the dorsal midline region of the forebrain anlagen, acts as a source of several secreted molecules involved in patterning and morphogenesis of the forebrain. One such key morphogenetic event is the invagination of the forebrain roof plate which results in separation of the single forebrain vesicle into two cerebral hemispheres. Retinoic acid (RA) signaling plays a key role in this process. Blocking RA signaling at the dorsal forebrain midline inhibits dorsal invagination and results in the absence of certain key features of this region, such as thinning of the neuroepithelium and a lowering of cell proliferation. At present we are investigating the possibility of other signaling pathways acting in concert with RA signaling to regulate this process. We have focused on BMP signaling, which we found to be active in a mutually exclusive domain to that of RA signaling within the roof plate. We have also observed that there is a change in BMP signaling activity on modulation of RA signaling indicating an antagonistic relationship between the two. Moreover, constitutive activation of BMP signaling seems to completely inhibit thinning and partially affect invagination, leaving the lowering of cell proliferation in the midline unaffected. We are employing in-silico modeling as well as molecular manipulations to investigate the relative contribution if any, of regional differences in rates of cell proliferation and thinning of the neuroepithelium towards the process of invagination. We have found expression of certain cell adhesion molecules in forebrain roof-plate whose mRNA localization across the thickness of neuroepithelium is influenced by Bmp and RA signaling, giving regional rigidity to roof plate and assisting invagination. We also found expression of certain cytoskeleton modifiers in a localized small domains in invaginating forebrain roof plate suggesting that midline invagination is under control of many factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20morphogenetic%20signaling" title="bone morphogenetic signaling">bone morphogenetic signaling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytoskeleton" title=" cytoskeleton"> cytoskeleton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20adhesion%20molecules" title=" cell adhesion molecules"> cell adhesion molecules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forebrain%20roof%20plate" title=" forebrain roof plate"> forebrain roof plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retinoic%20acid%20signaling" title=" retinoic acid signaling"> retinoic acid signaling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80622/investigating-role-of-novel-molecular-players-in-forebrain-roof-plate-midline-invagination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80622.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">84</span> Mixing Behaviors of Shear-Thinning Fluids in Serpentine-Channel Micromixers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rei-Tang%20Tsai">Rei-Tang Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Yang%20Wu"> Chih-Yang Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Yuan%20Chang"> Chia-Yuan Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming-Ying%20Kuo"> Ming-Ying Kuo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to investigate the mixing behaviors of deionized (DI) water and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solutions in C-shaped serpentine micromixers over a wide range of flow conditions. The flow of CMC solutions exhibits shear-thinning behaviors. Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effects of the mean flow speed, fluid properties and geometry parameters on flow and mixing in the micromixers with serpentine channel of the same overall channel length. From the results, we can find the following trends. When fluid mixing is dominated by convection, the curvature-induced vortices enhance fluid mixing effectively. The mixing efficiency of a micromixer consisting of semicircular C-shaped repeating units with a smaller center-line radius is better than that of a micromixer consisting of major-segment repeating units with a larger center-line radius. The viscosity of DI water is less than the overall average apparent viscosity of CMC solutions, and so the effect of curvature-induced vortices on fluid mixing in DI water is larger than that in CMC solutions for the cases with the same mean flow speed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curved%20channel" title="curved channel">curved channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfluidics" title=" microfluidics"> microfluidics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing" title=" mixing"> mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-newtonian%20fluids" title=" non-newtonian fluids"> non-newtonian fluids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex" title=" vortex"> vortex</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25985/mixing-behaviors-of-shear-thinning-fluids-in-serpentine-channel-micromixers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">83</span> Magnetohydrodynamics Flow and Heat Transfer in a Non-Newtonian Power-Law Fluid due to a Rotating Disk with Velocity Slip and Temperature Jump</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Dayana%20Khairunnisa%20Rosli">Nur Dayana Khairunnisa Rosli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seripah%20Awang%20Kechil"> Seripah Awang Kechil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Swirling flows with velocity slip are important in nature and industrial processes. The present work considers the effects of velocity slip, temperature jump and suction/injection on the flow and heat transfer of power-law fluids due to a rotating disk in the presence of magnetic field. The system of the partial differential equations is highly non-linear. The number of independent variables is reduced by transforming the system into a system of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The effects of suction/injection, velocity slip and temperature jump on the flow rates are investigated for various cases of shear thinning and shear thickening power law fluids. The thermal and velocity jump strongly reduce the heat transfer rate and skin friction coefficient. Suction decreases the radial and tangential skin friction coefficient and the rate of heat transfer. It is also observed that the effects are more pronounced in the case of shear thinning fluids as compared to shear thickening fluids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title="heat transfer">heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power-law%20fluids" title=" power-law fluids"> power-law fluids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotating%20disk" title=" rotating disk"> rotating disk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suction%20or%20injection" title=" suction or injection"> suction or injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20jump" title=" temperature jump"> temperature jump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20slip" title=" velocity slip"> velocity slip</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53534/magnetohydrodynamics-flow-and-heat-transfer-in-a-non-newtonian-power-law-fluid-due-to-a-rotating-disk-with-velocity-slip-and-temperature-jump" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">82</span> The Non-Stationary BINARMA(1,1) Process with Poisson Innovations: An Application on Accident Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Sunecher">Y. Sunecher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Mamode%20Khan"> N. Mamode Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Jowaheer"> V. Jowaheer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper considers the modelling of a non-stationary bivariate integer-valued autoregressive moving average of order one (BINARMA(1,1)) with correlated Poisson innovations. The BINARMA(1,1) model is specified using the binomial thinning operator and by assuming that the cross-correlation between the two series is induced by the innovation terms only. Based on these assumptions, the non-stationary marginal and joint moments of the BINARMA(1,1) are derived iteratively by using some initial stationary moments. As regards to the estimation of parameters of the proposed model, the conditional maximum likelihood (CML) estimation method is derived based on thinning and convolution properties. The forecasting equations of the BINARMA(1,1) model are also derived. A simulation study is also proposed where BINARMA(1,1) count data are generated using a multivariate Poisson R code for the innovation terms. The performance of the BINARMA(1,1) model is then assessed through a simulation experiment and the mean estimates of the model parameters obtained are all efficient, based on their standard errors. The proposed model is then used to analyse a real-life accident data on the motorway in Mauritius, based on some covariates: policemen, daily patrol, speed cameras, traffic lights and roundabouts. The BINARMA(1,1) model is applied on the accident data and the CML estimates clearly indicate a significant impact of the covariates on the number of accidents on the motorway in Mauritius. The forecasting equations also provide reliable one-step ahead forecasts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-stationary" title="non-stationary">non-stationary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BINARMA%281" title=" BINARMA(1"> BINARMA(1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1%29%20model" title="1) model">1) model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poisson%20innovations" title=" Poisson innovations"> Poisson innovations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conditional%20maximum%20likelihood" title=" conditional maximum likelihood"> conditional maximum likelihood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CML" title=" CML"> CML</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111498/the-non-stationary-binarma11-process-with-poisson-innovations-an-application-on-accident-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">81</span> History, Challenges and Solutions for Social Work Education and Recognition in Vietnam </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thuy%20Bui%20Anh">Thuy Bui Anh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngan%20Nguyen%20Thi%20Thanh"> Ngan Nguyen Thi Thanh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, social work in Vietnam is entering the first step in the development process to become a true profession with a strong position in society. However, Spirit of helping and sharing of social work has already existed in the daily life of Vietnamese people for a very long time, becoming a precious heritage passed down from ancestors to the next generations while expanding the territory, building and defending for the country. Following the stream of history, charity work in Vietnam has gradually transformed itself towards a more professional work, especially in the last 2 decades. Accordingly, more than 50 universities and educational institutions in Vietnam have been licensed to train social work, ensuring a stronger foundation on human resources working in this field. Despite the strong growth, social work profession, social work education and the recognition of the role of the social workers still need to be fueled to develop, responded to the increasing demand of Vietnam society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title="education">education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=history" title=" history"> history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recognition" title=" recognition"> recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20work" title=" social work"> social work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vietnam" title=" Vietnam"> Vietnam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69745/history-challenges-and-solutions-for-social-work-education-and-recognition-in-vietnam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">80</span> Effect of Gas Boundary Layer on the Stability of a Radially Expanding Liquid Sheet</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soumya%20Kedia">Soumya Kedia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Puja%20Agarwala"> Puja Agarwala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahesh%20Tirumkudulu"> Mahesh Tirumkudulu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Linear stability analysis is performed for a radially expanding liquid sheet in the presence of a gas medium. A liquid sheet can break up because of the aerodynamic effect as well as its thinning. However, the study of the aforementioned effects is usually done separately as the formulation becomes complicated and is difficult to solve. Present work combines both, aerodynamic effect and thinning effect, ignoring the non-linearity in the system. This is done by taking into account the formation of the gas boundary layer whilst neglecting viscosity in the liquid phase. Axisymmetric flow is assumed for simplicity. Base state analysis results in a Blasius-type system which can be solved numerically. Perturbation theory is then applied to study the stability of the liquid sheet, where the gas-liquid interface is subjected to small deformations. The linear model derived here can be applied to investigate the instability for sinuous as well as varicose modes, where the former represents displacement in the centerline of the sheet and the latter represents modulation in sheet thickness. Temporal instability analysis is performed for sinuous modes, which are significantly more unstable than varicose modes, for a fixed radial distance implying local stability analysis. The growth rates, measured for fixed wavenumbers, predicated by the present model are significantly lower than those obtained by the inviscid Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and compare better with experimental results. Thus, the present theory gives better insight into understanding the stability of a thin liquid sheet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20layer" title="boundary layer">boundary layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas-liquid%20interface" title=" gas-liquid interface"> gas-liquid interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20stability" title=" linear stability"> linear stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20liquid%20sheet" title=" thin liquid sheet"> thin liquid sheet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139722/effect-of-gas-boundary-layer-on-the-stability-of-a-radially-expanding-liquid-sheet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">79</span> Fatherhood and Migration among Chinese Returnees in Hong Kong: A Literature Review </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucille%20Lok-Sun%20Ngan">Lucille Lok-Sun Ngan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are significant gaps in both the migration and family literatures regarding the gendered parenting of Chinese migrants. Evidence from the literature informs us that the child-focused parenting style of the West has altered, with positive consequences, parent–child relationships in migrant families. In particular, second-generation migrants have developed hybrid identities distinct from those of their overseas-born parents and the locals. On returning to their place of origin, they may undergo yet another process of change in values, and in behaviour, in order to adapt to the local culture. As migration changes values, personality and practice at personal, interpersonal and familial levels, the cross-cultural experiences of returnees inevitably affect their own fatherhood journeys in their country of origin. This paper reviews current literature on fatherhood and migration and identifies the gaps and limitations that pertain to understanding the paternal experiences of Chinese return migrants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20returnees" title="Chinese returnees">Chinese returnees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-cultural%20experiences" title=" cross-cultural experiences"> cross-cultural experiences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatherhood" title=" fatherhood"> fatherhood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybridity" title=" hybridity"> hybridity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13365/fatherhood-and-migration-among-chinese-returnees-in-hong-kong-a-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">78</span> Predicting Growth of Eucalyptus Marginata in a Mediterranean Climate Using an Individual-Based Modelling Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.K.%20Bhandari">S.K. Bhandari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Veneklaas"> E. Veneklaas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20McCaw"> L. McCaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Mazanec"> R. Mazanec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Whitford"> K. Whitford</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Renton"> M. Renton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Eucalyptus marginata, E. diversicolor and Corymbia calophylla form widespread forests in south-west Western Australia (SWWA). These forests have economic and ecological importance, and therefore, tree growth and sustainable management are of high priority. This paper aimed to analyse and model the growth of these species at both stand and individual levels, but this presentation will focus on predicting the growth of E. Marginata at the individual tree level. More specifically, the study wanted to investigate how well individual E. marginata tree growth could be predicted by considering the diameter and height of the tree at the start of the growth period, and whether this prediction could be improved by also accounting for the competition from neighbouring trees in different ways. The study also wanted to investigate how many neighbouring trees or what neighbourhood distance needed to be considered when accounting for competition. To achieve this aim, the Pearson correlation coefficient was examined among competition indices (CIs), between CIs and dbh growth, and selected the competition index that can best predict the diameter growth of individual trees of E. marginata forest managed under different thinning regimes at Inglehope in SWWA. Furthermore, individual tree growth models were developed using simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, and linear mixed effect modelling approaches. Individual tree growth models were developed for thinned and unthinned stand separately. The developed models were validated using two approaches. In the first approach, models were validated using a subset of data that was not used in model fitting. In the second approach, the model of the one growth period was validated with the data of another growth period. Tree size (diameter and height) was a significant predictor of growth. This prediction was improved when the competition was included in the model. The fit statistic (coefficient of determination) of the model ranged from 0.31 to 0.68. The model with spatial competition indices validated as being more accurate than with non-spatial indices. The model prediction can be optimized if 10 to 15 competitors (by number) or competitors within ~10 m (by distance) from the base of the subject tree are included in the model, which can reduce the time and cost of collecting the information about the competitors. As competition from neighbours was a significant predictor with a negative effect on growth, it is recommended including neighbourhood competition when predicting growth and considering thinning treatments to minimize the effect of competition on growth. These model approaches are likely to be useful tools for the conservations and sustainable management of forests of E. marginata in SWWA. As a next step in optimizing the number and distance of competitors, further studies in larger size plots and with a larger number of plots than those used in the present study are recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competition" title="competition">competition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thinning" title=" thinning"> thinning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123209/predicting-growth-of-eucalyptus-marginata-in-a-mediterranean-climate-using-an-individual-based-modelling-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123209.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">77</span> Line Heating Forming: Methodology and Application Using Kriging and Fifth Order Spline Formulations </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henri%20Champliaud">Henri Champliaud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhengkun%20Feng"> Zhengkun Feng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngan%20Van%20L%C3%AA"> Ngan Van Lê</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Gholipour"> Javad Gholipour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, a method is presented to effectively estimate the deformed shape of a thick plate due to line heating. The method uses a fifth order spline interpolation, with up to C3 continuity at specific points to compute the shape of the deformed geometry. First and second order derivatives over a surface are the resulting parameters of a given heating line on a plate. These parameters are determined through experiments and/or finite element simulations. Very accurate kriging models are fitted to real or virtual surfaces to build-up a database of maps. Maps of first and second order derivatives are then applied on numerical plate models to evaluate their evolving shapes through a sequence of heating lines. Adding an optimization process to this approach would allow determining the trajectories of heating lines needed to shape complex geometries, such as Francis turbine blades. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformation" title="deformation">deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kriging" title=" kriging"> kriging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fifth%20order%20spline%20interpolation" title=" fifth order spline interpolation"> fifth order spline interpolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first" title=" first"> first</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20and%20third%20order%20derivatives" title=" second and third order derivatives"> second and third order derivatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C3%20continuity" title=" C3 continuity"> C3 continuity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=line%20heating" title=" line heating"> line heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate%20forming" title=" plate forming"> plate forming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20forming" title=" thermal forming"> thermal forming</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31294/line-heating-forming-methodology-and-application-using-kriging-and-fifth-order-spline-formulations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">76</span> Young Female’s Heart Was Bitten by Unknown Ghost (Isolated Cardiac Sarcoidosis): A Case Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heru%20Al%20Amin">Heru Al Amin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous inflammatory disorder of unclear etiology that can affect multiple different organ systems. Isolated cardiac sarcoidosis is a very rare condition that causes lethal arrhythmia and heart failure. A definite diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis remains challenging. The use of multimodality imaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis of this entity. Case summary: In this report, we discuss a case of a 50-year-old woman who presented with recurrent palpitation, dizziness, vertigo and presyncope. Electrocardiogram revealed variable heart blocks, including first-degree AV block, second-degree AV block, high-degree AV block, complete AV block, trifascicular block and sometimes supraventricular arrhythmia. Twenty-four hours of Holter monitoring show atrial bigeminy, first-degree AV block and trifascicular block. Transthoracic echocardiography showed Thinning of basal anteroseptal and inferred septum with LV dilatation with reduction of Global Longitudinal Strain. A dual-chamber pacemaker was implanted. CT Coronary angiogram showed no coronary artery disease. Cardiac magnetic resonance revealed basal anteroseptal and inferior septum thinning with focal edema with LGE suggestive of sarcoidosis. Computed tomography of the chest showed no lymphadenopathy or pulmonary infiltration. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) of the whole body showed. We started steroids and followed up with the patient. Conclusion: This case serves to highlight the challenges in identifying and managing isolated CS in a young patient with recurrent syncope with variable heart block. Early, even late initiation of steroids can improve arrhythmia as well as left ventricular function. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiac%20sarcoidosis" title="cardiac sarcoidosis">cardiac sarcoidosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conduction%20abnormality" title=" conduction abnormality"> conduction abnormality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syncope" title=" syncope"> syncope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiac%20MRI" title=" cardiac MRI"> cardiac MRI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157363/young-females-heart-was-bitten-by-unknown-ghost-isolated-cardiac-sarcoidosis-a-case-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157363.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> Single Centre Retrospective Analysis of MR Imaging in Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorder with Histopathological Correlation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20Dorrian">Frank Dorrian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aniket%20Adhikari"> Aniket Adhikari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), which includes placenta accreta, increta, and percreta, is characterized by the abnormal implantation of placental chorionic villi beyond the decidua basalis. Key risk factors include placenta previa, prior cesarean sections, advanced maternal age, uterine surgeries, multiparity, pelvic radiation, and in vitro fertilization (IVF). The incidence of PAS has increased tenfold over the past 50 years, largely due to rising cesarean rates. PAS is associated with significant peripartum and postpartum hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound assist in the evaluation of PAS, enabling a multidisciplinary approach to mitigate morbidity and mortality. This study retrospectively analyzed PAS cases at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Using the SAR-ESUR joint consensus statement, seven imaging signs were reassessed for their sensitivity and specificity in predicting PAS, with histopathological correlation. The standardized MRI protocols for PAS at the institution were also reviewed. Data were collected from the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) records from 2010 to July 2024, focusing on cases where MR imaging and confirmed histopathology or operative notes were available. This single-center, observational study provides insights into the reliability of MRI for PAS detection and the optimization of imaging protocols for accurate diagnosis. The findings demonstrate that intraplacental dark bands serve as highly sensitive markers for diagnosing PAS, achieving sensitivities of 88.9%, 85.7%, and 100% for placenta accreta, increta, and percreta, respectively, with a combined specificity of 42.9%. Sensitivity for abnormal vascularization was lower (33.3%, 28.6%, and 50%), with a specificity of 57.1%. The placenta bulge exhibited sensitivities of 55.5%, 57.1%, and 100%, with a specificity of 57.1%. Loss of the T2 hypointense interface had sensitivities of 66.6%, 85.7%, and 100%, with 42.9% specificity. Myometrial thinning showed high sensitivity across PAS conditions (88.9%, 71.4%, and 100%) and a specificity of 57.1%. Bladder wall thinning was sensitive only for placenta percreta (50%) but had a specificity of 100%. Focal exophytic mass displayed variable sensitivity (22.9%, 42.9%, and 100%) with a specificity of 85.7%. These results highlight the diagnostic variability among markers, with intraplacental dark bands and myometrial thinning being useful in detecting abnormal placentation, though they lack high specificity. The literature and the results of our study highlight that while no single feature can definitively diagnose PAS, the presence of multiple features -especially when combined with elevated clinical risk- significantly increases the likelihood of an underlying PAS. A thorough understanding of the range of MRI findings associated with PAS, along with awareness of the clinical significance of each sign, helps the radiologist more accurately diagnose the condition and assist in surgical planning, ultimately improving patient care. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=placenta" title="placenta">placenta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accreta" title=" accreta"> accreta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrum" title=" spectrum"> spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MRI" title=" MRI"> MRI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194620/single-centre-retrospective-analysis-of-mr-imaging-in-placenta-accreta-spectrum-disorder-with-histopathological-correlation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> A Corpus-Assisted Discourse Analysis of Adjectival Collocation of the Word 'Education' in the American Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngan%20Nguyen">Ngan Nguyen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study analyses adjectives collocating with the word ‘education’ in the American language of the Corpus of Global Web-based English using a combination of corpus linguistic and discourse analytical methods to examine not only language patterns but also social political ideologies around the topic. Significant conclusions are deduced: (1) there are a large number of adjectival collocates of the word education which have been identified and classified into four categories representing four different aspects of education: level, quality, forms and types of education; (2) education, as in combination with three first categories, carries the meaning as the act and process of teaching and learning while with the last category having the meaning of a particular kind of teaching or training; (3) higher education is the topic that gains most concerns from the American public; (4) five most significant ideologies are discovered from the corpus: higher education associates with financial affairs, higher education is an industry, monetary policy of the government on higher education, people require greater accessibility to higher education and people value higher education. The study contributes to the field of developing meanings of words through corpus analysis and the field of discourse analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adjectival%20collocation" title="adjectival collocation">adjectival collocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=American%20context" title=" American context"> American context</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corpus%20linguistics" title=" corpus linguistics"> corpus linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discourse%20analysis" title=" discourse analysis"> discourse analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56903/a-corpus-assisted-discourse-analysis-of-adjectival-collocation-of-the-word-education-in-the-american-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56903.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=n-GaN%20thinning&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=n-GaN%20thinning&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=n-GaN%20thinning&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=n-GaN%20thinning&page=2" 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