Preventing Hardware Tampering and Reverse Engineering

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Flanagan","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/FollowAction","name":"Followers","userInteractionCount":0}},{"@type":"Person","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/anthony-davis-m-s-c-i-a-99407019b","name":"Anthony Davis M.S.C.I.A.","image":"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5603AQGTUkYBwTEFcQ/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1711401635524?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=q3EA-nFt3s-pDD2AOn8rAoZY8TL2r9QLQaiCmQZ1XoQ","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/FollowAction","name":"Followers","userInteractionCount":0}},{"@type":"Person","url":"https://my.linkedin.com/in/syahira-adam-a0a2547b","name":"Syahira Adam","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/FollowAction","name":"Followers","userInteractionCount":0}},{"@type":"Person","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/michael-florio-8224a5129","name":"Michael Florio","image":"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C5603AQH_TjZtteGieQ/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1517228942582?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=aD-Nlz0J8IGztOURAVXK_2ctN6iI62SZCfJlRAkQE2U","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/FollowAction","name":"Followers","userInteractionCount":0}}],"comment":[{"@type":"Comment","text":"You left out possibly one of the most common attack vectors. Securing any hardware debug interfaces! I can compromise 85% of devices just by identifying UART pins that usually drop me into a shell. Disable UART/JTAG/SWD. At the very least bury the pads with vias so they cannot be accessed so easily. If you have debug port access via JTAG/SWD you own the device and have full control.. Also lock any SPI EEPROM or use SMD so a simple SOIC8 clip can rip the firmware in a minute…. There are ways to defeat all these protections but it raises the bar considerably. Don’t forget to secure the high level\nServices it might run. If a router has a web interface, that’s prime for finding injection bugs. No hardcoding secrets in downloadable firmware.","upVoteCount":1,"author":{"@type":"Person","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/jdefr89","name":"Joey DeFrancesco","image":"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E03AQFmLHsGPeG6TQ/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1718246243616?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=edIpNbw8htT-gC5oX1Cj3KKjhOIAudPFO79L5HOLnJ0","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/FollowAction","name":"Followers","userInteractionCount":0}}},{"@type":"Comment","text":"Imagine a world where data flows like a river, and encryption is the sturdy bridge that spans it. \nSymmetric Encryption:Picture a swift river with a single guarded bridge. This represents the shared secret key. Anyone who knows the secret can cross the bridge and access the data on the other side.\nAsymmetric Encryption: Now envision two bridges side by side—one for public use & another for private. The public bridge is open to all, allowing secure communication. The private bridge, accessible only to its owner, unlocks secrets.\nHybrid Encryption: Imagine a river with a dual-layered bridge system. The lower level is a sturdy, well-traveled bridge that efficiently transports data. Above it, a delicate, ornate bridge carries the secret key.","upVoteCount":0,"author":{"@type":"Person","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/christopher-g-flanagan-95b014b","name":"Christopher G. Flanagan","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/FollowAction","name":"Followers","userInteractionCount":0}}},{"@type":"Comment","text":"One of the many ways you can monitor and audit your hardware is to have a very firm asset management team as well as system. \n\nIn simple terms: You can't protect things you don't know you have.\n\nServers that are created but never managed are candy stores to hackers or malicious threat actors. Considering if someone in your environment opens a server for a team to use for a project. The team doesn't know they should be updating it or checking for vulnerabilities then come 2 years in it can be compromised. It's an easy mistake that could cost your company millions.","upVoteCount":4,"author":{"@type":"Person","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/anthony-davis-m-s-c-i-a-99407019b","name":"Anthony Davis M.S.C.I.A.","image":"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5603AQGTUkYBwTEFcQ/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1711401635524?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=q3EA-nFt3s-pDD2AOn8rAoZY8TL2r9QLQaiCmQZ1XoQ","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/FollowAction","name":"Followers","userInteractionCount":0}}},{"@type":"Comment","text":"Secure Access Control\n- Secure access control uses policies that verify users are who they claim to be.\n- Ensures appropriate control access levels are granted to only the right users have the right level of access to the right resources.","upVoteCount":1,"author":{"@type":"Person","url":"https://my.linkedin.com/in/syahira-adam-a0a2547b","name":"Syahira Adam","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/FollowAction","name":"Followers","userInteractionCount":0}}},{"@type":"Comment","text":"Standardize to specifically approved hardware with updated Operating System software, with a continual update process for drivers, software and operating system patches for what the company's needs require. Do not allow none standardized hardware to be on the same network backbone that drives your network. Tracking assets tied to a group or a specific user for accountability and restrict access to areas on your network and off network that the hardware should not be accessing.... most of all user training on what to do and not do on how to spot malicious attempts to compromise the integrity of the hardware and the network on the company.\n\nMaster all these and you're on your way to a secured business.","upVoteCount":1,"author":{"@type":"Person","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/michael-florio-8224a5129","name":"Michael Florio","image":"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C5603AQH_TjZtteGieQ/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1517228942582?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=aD-Nlz0J8IGztOURAVXK_2ctN6iI62SZCfJlRAkQE2U","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/FollowAction","name":"Followers","userInteractionCount":0}}}]} </script>  </head> <body dir="ltr">  <div class="guest-upsells"> <form class="google-auth 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itemprop="name">Engineering</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="2"> </li> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumb inline-block mr-0.5 font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs text-color-text after:content-['/'] after:text-color-text-low-emphasis after:ml-0.5 after:no-underline last:mr-0 last:after:hidden"> <a aria-current="page" itemprop="item" class="breadcrumb__link inline-block link-no-visited-state !text-color-text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/topics/engineering-s166/computer-hardware-s1208/" data-tracking-control-name="breadcrumb" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="font-semibold" itemprop="name">Computer Hardware</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="3"> </li> </ol> </section> <h1 class="pulse-title text-display-md text-color-text lg:text-display-lg font-bold w-11/12 ">How do you prevent hardware tampering and reverse engineering by malicious actors?</h1>  <div class="powered-by-ai py-3 text-sm 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justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="monitor-and-audit-your-hardware"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">5</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#monitor-and-audit-your-hardware" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">Monitor and audit your hardware </a>  </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="here’s-what-else-to-consider"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">6</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#here’s-what-else-to-consider" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">Here’s what else to consider </a>  </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> </section> <div class="x-article-introduction"> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Hardware tampering and reverse engineering are serious threats to the security and integrity of your devices and data. Malicious actors can use various methods to access or manipulate your hardware components, compromising your privacy. Here are some basic strategies to prevent this, plus how to protect your hardware assets from unauthorized access or modification.</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:w-1/2"> <code id="shouldExpandContributionBox" style="display: none"></code> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__wrapper flex h-full flex-1 flex-col"> <div class="x-featured-expert-section h-full"> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__article-experts"> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__title mt-2 pb-0.5 text-xl font-bold text-color-text"> Top experts in this article </div> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__subtitle pb-3 text-sm text-color-text-secondary"> Selected by the community from 5 contributions. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/help/linkedin/answer/a1652832" target="_blank" aria-label="Learn more about collaborative articles" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__featured-expert-learn-more-link" 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Encryption is the process of transforming data into a form that only authorized parties can read, using a secret key. By encrypting your data, you make it harder for malicious actors to access your sensitive information, even if they manage to physically access your hardware. There are different types of encryption methods, like symmetric, asymmetric, or hybrid, along with different standards, such as AES, RSA, or ECC. 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You'll no longer see this contribution</p> </template> </li>  </ul>  </div> </div> <code id="contributionCopyLink" style="display: none"></code> <code id="contributionCopyFail" style="display: none"></code> <code id="contributionCopyUnsupported" style="display: none"></code> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__container left__border -mb-2 -mt-1 animate-show ml-0 pl-0 md:ml-[-41px] md:pl-[32px] pr-0 lg:ml-[-33px] lg:pl-[40px] lg:pr-1 pt-2 pb-4"> <div class="flex flex-col justify-between lg:flex-col"> <div class="flex items-center justify-between gap-1"> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__text-wrapper relative"> <p class="contribution__text mb-1 whitespace-pre-wrap pt-1 text-md leading-open text-color-text md:mb-0 md:pt-0 line-clamp-5 lg:text-lg" data-tracking-control-name="comment_text">You left out possibly one of the most common attack vectors. Securing any hardware debug interfaces! I can compromise 85% of devices just by identifying UART pins that usually drop me into a shell. Disable UART/JTAG/SWD. At the very least bury the pads with vias so they cannot be accessed so easily. If you have debug port access via JTAG/SWD you own the device and have full control.. Also lock any SPI EEPROM or use SMD so a simple SOIC8 clip can rip the firmware in a minute…. There are ways to defeat all these protections but it raises the bar considerably. Don’t forget to secure the high level Services it might run. If a router has a web interface, that’s prime for finding injection bugs. 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Flanagan </span>  </div> <p class="m-0 truncate text-sm text-color-text-low-emphasis md:text-md" data-test-id="contribution-lock-up-headline"> Federal Aviation Administration Memphis Radar/Automation SSC / IT & Network Administration </p> </div> </a> <div class="flex items-center">  <div class="ellipsis-menu absolute right-0 top-0 contribution-control-menu relative" data-feed-action="show-comment-dropdown" data-id="comment__ellipsis-menu" data-feed-control="control_menu" data-tracking-control-name="comment_control_menu" data-feed-action-type="expandControl" data-feed-action-category="expand"> <div class="collapsible-dropdown flex items-center relative hyphens-auto"> <button class="ellipsis-menu__trigger collapsible-dropdown__button btn-md btn-tertiary cursor-pointer !py-[6px] !px-1 flex items-center rounded-[50%] ellipsis-menu__trigger--small w-[32px] h-[32px] flex justify-center w-[40px] min-w-[40px]" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open menu" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_ellipsis-menu-trigger" tabindex="0"> <icon class="ellipsis-menu__trigger-icon m-0 p-0 centered-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/c26vw8uiog92lvrqov98hvbxr"></icon> </button> <ul class="collapsible-dropdown__list hidden container-raised absolute w-auto overflow-y-auto flex-col items-stretch z-1 bottom-auto top-[100%]" role="menu" tabindex="-1">  <li class="ellipsis-menu__item flex contribution-control-menu-item--copy" data-feed-action="copyComment" data-feed-control="comment_control_menu_copy" data-tracking-control-name="comment_control_menu_copy" data-feed-action-type="controlMenuCopy" data-feed-action-category="copy" data-comment-urn="urn:li:comment:(articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7073756955990769664,7077695821479104513),7188551102919766016)" data-comment-thread-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7073756955990769664,7077695821479104513)"> <button class="contribution-control-menu-item ellipsis-menu__item-button flex items-center w-full py-1 px-2 cursor-pointer font-sans text-sm font-bold link-styled focus:link-styled link:no-underline active:bg-color-background-container-tint hover:bg-color-background-container-tint " data-tracking-control-name="comment_control_menu_copy" data-feed-action-category="expand" data-feed-action-type="expandCopyContribution" role="menuitem"> <icon data-svg-class-name=" ellipsis-menu__item-icon text-color-icon h-[20px] w-[auto] mr-1 flex " data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/85z203x9ymzz8gu3a3jmtxy81"></icon> <span class=" ellipsis-menu__item-text inline-block text-color-text font-semibold ">Copy link to contribution</span> </button> </li> <li class="ellipsis-menu__item flex" data-feed-action="semaphoreComment" data-feed-control="comment_control_menu_report" data-tracking-control-name="comment_control_menu_report" data-feed-action-type="expandContributionReporting" data-feed-action-category="expand" data-test-id="contribution-control-menu-report"> <a href="/uas/login?session_redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fadvice%2F3%2Fhow-do-you-prevent-hardware-tampering-reverse&trk=comment-semaphore-sign-in-redirect&guestReportContentType=AUTO_GENERATED_SKILL_ARTICLE_CONTRIBUTION&_f=guest-reporting" data-tracking-control-name="comment-semaphore-sign-in-redirect" data-tracking-will-navigate data-item-type="semaphore" data-semaphore-content-type="AUTO_GENERATED_SKILL_ARTICLE_CONTRIBUTION" data-semaphore-content-urn="urn:li:comment:(articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7073756955990769664,7077695821479104513),7188551102919766016)" data-semaphore-author-urn="urn:li:member:32874839" data-semaphore-tracking-prefix="comment-semaphore" data-is-logged-in="false" data-modal="semaphore__toggle" class="semaphore__toggle visited:text-color-text-secondary mx-0.25 flex items-center w-full py-1 px-2 cursor-pointer font-sans text-sm font-bold link-styled focus:link-styled link:no-underline active:bg-color-background-container-tint hover:bg-color-background-container-tint " role="menuitem">  <icon data-svg-class-name=" ellipsis-menu__item-icon text-color-icon h-[20px] w-[auto] mr-1 flex " data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/eo60762wicg7snl6mo020acft"></icon> <span class=" ellipsis-menu__item-text inline-block text-color-text font-semibold ">Report contribution</span> </a>  <template id="comment-reported-card-template"> <p class="comment-reported-card bg-color-background-container p-2 text-sm font-medium text-color-text-secondary"> Thanks for letting us know! You'll no longer see this contribution</p> </template> </li>  </ul>  </div> </div> <code id="contributionCopyLink" style="display: none"></code> <code id="contributionCopyFail" style="display: none"></code> <code id="contributionCopyUnsupported" style="display: none"></code> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__container left__border -mb-2 -mt-1 animate-show ml-0 pl-0 md:ml-[-41px] md:pl-[32px] pr-0 lg:ml-[-33px] lg:pl-[40px] lg:pr-1 pt-2 pb-4"> <div class="flex flex-col justify-between lg:flex-col"> <div class="flex items-center justify-between gap-1"> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__text-wrapper relative"> <p class="contribution__text mb-1 whitespace-pre-wrap pt-1 text-md leading-open text-color-text md:mb-0 md:pt-0 line-clamp-5 lg:text-lg" data-tracking-control-name="comment_text">Imagine a world where data flows like a river, and encryption is the sturdy bridge that spans it. Symmetric Encryption:Picture a swift river with a single guarded bridge. This represents the shared secret key. Anyone who knows the secret can cross the bridge and access the data on the other side. Asymmetric Encryption: Now envision two bridges side by side—one for public use & another for private. The public bridge is open to all, allowing secure communication. The private bridge, accessible only to its owner, unlocks secrets. Hybrid Encryption: Imagine a river with a dual-layered bridge system. The lower level is a sturdy, well-traveled bridge that efficiently transports data. 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md:block">Funny</span> </div> </div> </template>  </div>  </div>  </div>  </li> </ul>  </div> </div> </div> <code id="loginUrl" style="display: none"></code> <div class="article-segment" data-is-logged-in="false" data-thread-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7073756955990769664,7077695821487505408)" data-test-id="article-segment" data-total-count="0" data-tracking-prefix="article-ssr-frontend-x-article" role="presentation"> <div class="md:row pb-6 md:flex"> <div class="column-article-segment-content md:column md:mb-8 md:mr-4 md:w-1/2 md:flex-1 md:pr-[88px]"> <div class="md:pt-6 sticky-on-scroll"> <div class="article-segment-content-container "> <div id="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7073756955990769664_7077695821487505408_"> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h2 class="flex"> <a id="use-tamper-resistant-hardware" href="#use-tamper-resistant-hardware" class="dummy-anchor invisible absolute mt-[-100px]"></a> <span class="header-index pr-1.5">2</span> <span class>Use tamper-resistant hardware</span> </h2> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Another method is to using tamper-resistant hardware, designed to resist physical attacks or modifications. This can include features such as seals, locks, coatings, or fuses that detect or prevent unauthorized access of your hardware components. Some tamper-resistant hardware can erase or destroy the data or keys stored in your device if a tamper attempt is detected — or generate an alert. This hardware can also include cryptographic modules, such as Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs) or hardware security modules (HSMs). These store and protect encryption keys or perform cryptographic operations.</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:pb-[200px] md:w-1/2"> <div class="article-segment-contributions-header-container bg-color-canvas-tint md:ml-[-12px] md:pt-6 lg:ml-0 sticky-on-scroll mt-1 ">  <div class="add-your-perspective-section relative flex flex-row items-center " data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7073756955990769664,7077695821487505408)" data-test-add-contribution> <code id="add_your_perspective_tracking_prefix" style="display: none"></code> <code id="isGuest" style="display: none"></code> <code id="showFuseErrorMessage" style="display: none"></code> <div class="mb-2"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F3%2Fhow-do-you-prevent-hardware-tampering-reverse&trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="add_contribution_cta" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link class="add-your-perspective-button btn-sm flex flex-col items-start justify-center lg:btn-md bg-color-surface-accent-tint-1 hover:bg-color-container-tertiary-hover " data-test-add-contribution-btn aria-describedby="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7073756955990769664_7077695821487505408_" data-test-contribution-cta-link-guest role="button"> <div data-test-contribution-btn-text class="add-your-perspective-button-text text-left text-color-text-low-emphasis">Add your perspective</div> </a> </div> <div class="contribution-text-area-wrapper relative w-full hidden"> <code id="min_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="min_reply_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="max_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_try_refreshing_the_page" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters_fraction" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error_suggestion" style="display: none"></code> <div class="contribution-text-area-border ease-linear duration-300 mb-2 rounded-md border-1 border-solid border-[var(--color-input-container-border)] p-2 transition-all focus-within:shadow-border hover:shadow-border active:shadow-border-active md:px-3"> <textarea class="contribution-text-area leading-normal placeholder:text-color-input-hint box-border w-full resize-none border-0 bg-color-transparent p-0 text-md leading-open tracking-wide text-color-text outline-none placeholder:text-color-text-disabled lg:text-lg" placeholder="Some ways to get started: - 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This technique can be applied to your firmware, software, or encryption algorithms. It may use techniques like renaming variables, changing the control flow, adding dummy code, or even encrypting strings. Doing so makes it harder for malicious actors to reverse engineer your functionality or secrets. It also creates difficulties for those wanting to inject malicious code into your device. However, obfuscation isn't a foolproof method, as it can affect your code's performance or debuggability.</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:pb-[200px] md:w-1/2"> <div class="article-segment-contributions-header-container bg-color-canvas-tint md:ml-[-12px] md:pt-6 lg:ml-0 sticky-on-scroll mt-1 ">  <div class="add-your-perspective-section relative flex flex-row items-center " data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7073756955990769664,7077695821495898112)" data-test-add-contribution> <code id="add_your_perspective_tracking_prefix" style="display: none"></code> <code id="isGuest" style="display: none"></code> <code id="showFuseErrorMessage" style="display: none"></code> <div class="mb-2"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F3%2Fhow-do-you-prevent-hardware-tampering-reverse&trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="add_contribution_cta" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link class="add-your-perspective-button btn-sm flex flex-col items-start justify-center lg:btn-md bg-color-surface-accent-tint-1 hover:bg-color-container-tertiary-hover " data-test-add-contribution-btn aria-describedby="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7073756955990769664_7077695821495898112_" data-test-contribution-cta-link-guest role="button"> <div data-test-contribution-btn-text class="add-your-perspective-button-text text-left text-color-text-low-emphasis">Add your perspective</div> </a> </div> <div class="contribution-text-area-wrapper relative w-full hidden"> <code id="min_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="min_reply_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="max_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_try_refreshing_the_page" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters_fraction" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error_suggestion" style="display: none"></code> <div class="contribution-text-area-border ease-linear duration-300 mb-2 rounded-md border-1 border-solid border-[var(--color-input-container-border)] p-2 transition-all focus-within:shadow-border hover:shadow-border active:shadow-border-active md:px-3"> <textarea class="contribution-text-area leading-normal placeholder:text-color-input-hint box-border w-full resize-none border-0 bg-color-transparent p-0 text-md leading-open tracking-wide text-color-text outline-none placeholder:text-color-text-disabled lg:text-lg" placeholder="Some ways to get started: - One time at work… - In my experience… - One thing I’ve found helpful…" rows="4" data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7073756955990769664,7077695821495898112)" aria-errormessage="error-urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7073756955990769664,7077695821495898112)" data-feed-control="comment_box" data-feed-action-category="EXPAND" data-feed-action-type="expandContributionBox"></textarea> <div class="contribution-action-bar flex w-full items-center pt-2"> <span class="contribution-helper-text grow text-left text-xs text-color-text-secondary lg:text-sm" role="alert"> <span class="contribution-character-count"></span> <span class="contribution-error-message hidden text-color-signal-negative" id="error-urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7073756955990769664,7077695821495898112)"> Help others by sharing more (125 characters min.) </span> </span> <button class="contribution-cancel-button ease-linear duration-300 btn-sm btn-tertiary mr-1 transition-all lg:btn-md" data-tracking-control-name="cancel_contribution"> Cancel </button> <button disabled="true" aria-disabled="true" class="submit-contribution-button ease-linear duration-300 btn-sm btn-primary transition-all lg:btn-md" data-tracking-control-name="comment_post" data-feed-control="comment_post" data-feed-action-category="COMMENT" data-feed-action-type="submitContribution"> <div class="loader flex"> <div class="loader__container mb-2 overflow-hidden"> <icon class="loader__icon inline-block loader__icon--default text-color-progress-loading" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/ddi43qwelxeqjxdd45pe3fvs1" data-svg-class-name="loader__icon-svg--x-small fill-currentColor h-[20px] min-h-[20px] w-[20px] min-w-[20px]"></icon> </div> </div> <span class="submit-contribution-button-text">Add</span> <span class="save-contribution-changes-button-text">Save</span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="contribution-list contribution-list-guest">  </ul>  </div> </div> </div> <code id="loginUrl" style="display: none"></code> <div class="article-segment" data-is-logged-in="false" data-thread-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7073756955990769664,7077695821500055553)" data-test-id="article-segment" data-total-count="0" data-tracking-prefix="article-ssr-frontend-x-article" role="presentation"> <div class="md:row pb-6 md:flex"> <div class="column-article-segment-content md:column md:mb-8 md:mr-4 md:w-1/2 md:flex-1 md:pr-[88px]"> <div class="md:pt-6 sticky-on-scroll"> <div class="article-segment-content-container "> <div id="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7073756955990769664_7077695821500055553_"> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h2 class="flex"> <a id="implement-secure-boot" href="#implement-secure-boot" class="dummy-anchor invisible absolute mt-[-100px]"></a> <span class="header-index pr-1.5">4</span> <span class>Implement secure boot</span> </h2> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>One other way to prevent hardware tampering and reverse engineering is implementing secure boot. This is a feature that ensures that only authorized and verified code can run on your device during the boot process. It can prevent malicious actors from loading or executing unauthorized or modified firmware, software, or drivers on your device. They won't be able to bypass the security mechanisms of your device. Secure boot can use cryptographic signatures, hashes, or certificates to verify the authenticity of the code before executing it. Secure boot can also use TPMs or HSMs to store and protect the keys or certificates used for verification.</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:pb-[200px] md:w-1/2"> <div class="article-segment-contributions-header-container bg-color-canvas-tint md:ml-[-12px] md:pt-6 lg:ml-0 sticky-on-scroll mt-1 ">  <div class="add-your-perspective-section relative flex flex-row items-center " data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7073756955990769664,7077695821500055553)" data-test-add-contribution> <code id="add_your_perspective_tracking_prefix" style="display: none"></code> <code id="isGuest" style="display: none"></code> <code id="showFuseErrorMessage" style="display: none"></code> <div class="mb-2"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F3%2Fhow-do-you-prevent-hardware-tampering-reverse&trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="add_contribution_cta" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link class="add-your-perspective-button btn-sm flex flex-col items-start justify-center lg:btn-md bg-color-surface-accent-tint-1 hover:bg-color-container-tertiary-hover " data-test-add-contribution-btn aria-describedby="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7073756955990769664_7077695821500055553_" data-test-contribution-cta-link-guest role="button"> <div data-test-contribution-btn-text class="add-your-perspective-button-text text-left text-color-text-low-emphasis">Add your perspective</div> </a> </div> <div class="contribution-text-area-wrapper relative w-full hidden"> <code id="min_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="min_reply_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="max_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_try_refreshing_the_page" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters_fraction" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error_suggestion" style="display: none"></code> <div class="contribution-text-area-border ease-linear duration-300 mb-2 rounded-md border-1 border-solid border-[var(--color-input-container-border)] p-2 transition-all focus-within:shadow-border hover:shadow-border active:shadow-border-active md:px-3"> <textarea class="contribution-text-area leading-normal placeholder:text-color-input-hint box-border w-full resize-none border-0 bg-color-transparent p-0 text-md leading-open tracking-wide text-color-text outline-none placeholder:text-color-text-disabled lg:text-lg" placeholder="Some ways to get started: - One time at work… - In my experience… - One thing I’ve found helpful…" rows="4" data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7073756955990769664,7077695821500055553)" aria-errormessage="error-urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7073756955990769664,7077695821500055553)" data-feed-control="comment_box" data-feed-action-category="EXPAND" data-feed-action-type="expandContributionBox"></textarea> <div class="contribution-action-bar flex w-full items-center pt-2"> <span class="contribution-helper-text grow text-left text-xs text-color-text-secondary lg:text-sm" role="alert"> <span class="contribution-character-count"></span> <span class="contribution-error-message hidden text-color-signal-negative" id="error-urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7073756955990769664,7077695821500055553)"> Help others by sharing more (125 characters min.) </span> </span> <button class="contribution-cancel-button ease-linear duration-300 btn-sm btn-tertiary mr-1 transition-all lg:btn-md" data-tracking-control-name="cancel_contribution"> Cancel </button> <button disabled="true" aria-disabled="true" class="submit-contribution-button ease-linear duration-300 btn-sm btn-primary transition-all lg:btn-md" data-tracking-control-name="comment_post" data-feed-control="comment_post" data-feed-action-category="COMMENT" data-feed-action-type="submitContribution"> <div class="loader flex"> <div class="loader__container mb-2 overflow-hidden"> <icon class="loader__icon inline-block loader__icon--default text-color-progress-loading" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/ddi43qwelxeqjxdd45pe3fvs1" data-svg-class-name="loader__icon-svg--x-small fill-currentColor h-[20px] min-h-[20px] w-[20px] min-w-[20px]"></icon> </div> </div> <span class="submit-contribution-button-text">Add</span> <span class="save-contribution-changes-button-text">Save</span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="contribution-list contribution-list-guest">  </ul>  </div> </div> </div> <code id="loginUrl" style="display: none"></code> <div class="article-segment" data-is-logged-in="false" data-thread-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7073756955990769664,7077695821504249856)" data-test-id="article-segment" data-total-count="1" data-tracking-prefix="article-ssr-frontend-x-article" role="presentation"> <div class="md:row pb-6 md:flex"> <div class="column-article-segment-content md:column md:mb-8 md:mr-4 md:w-1/2 md:flex-1 md:pr-[88px]"> <div class="md:pt-6 "> <div class="article-segment-content-container "> <div id="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7073756955990769664_7077695821504249856_"> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h2 class="flex"> <a id="monitor-and-audit-your-hardware" href="#monitor-and-audit-your-hardware" class="dummy-anchor invisible absolute mt-[-100px]"></a> <span class="header-index pr-1.5">5</span> <span class>Monitor and audit your hardware</span> </h2> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>You also need to monitor and audit your hardware. Track and review the activity and status of your hardware components, firmware, or encryption keys. Monitoring and auditing your hardware can help you detect and respond to any suspicious events or signs of tampering attempts. Utilize tools, from logs and alerts to reports and analytics, to monitor and audit your hardware. Then, implement procedures to handle any incidents or issues.</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:pb-[200px] md:w-1/2"> <div class="article-segment-contributions-header-container bg-color-canvas-tint md:ml-[-12px] md:pt-6 lg:ml-0 mt-1 ">  <div class="add-your-perspective-section relative flex flex-row items-center " data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7073756955990769664,7077695821504249856)" data-test-add-contribution> <code id="add_your_perspective_tracking_prefix" style="display: none"></code> <code id="isGuest" style="display: none"></code> <code id="showFuseErrorMessage" style="display: none"></code> <div class="mb-2"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F3%2Fhow-do-you-prevent-hardware-tampering-reverse&trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="add_contribution_cta" data-tracking-will-navigate 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data-accessory-entity-urn="urn:li:comment:(urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7073756955990769664,7077695821508464640),7079224902771232768)" data-reactions-count="1"> <a class="reactions-menu__link text-color-text contribution-social-activity__button flex items-center btn-sm btn-tertiary justify-center sm:flex-row sm:text-sm rounded-sm px-0.5 relative h-6 cursor-pointer w-full contribution-social-activity__reactions-menu " href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F3%2Fhow-do-you-prevent-hardware-tampering-reverse&trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article_contribution-social-activity_like-cta" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_contribution-social-activity_reactions-cta" data-parent-urn="urn:li:comment:(urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7073756955990769664,7077695821508464640),7079224902771232768)" data-tracking-will-navigate 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sm:pl-0.5 text-md font-bold hidden md:block">Like</span> </div> <div class="selected-reaction--PRAISE flex flex-row items-center"> <img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Celebrate" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/czva5w81r4b0pjr7sh5r4nbw9"> <span class="contribution-social-activity__button-text sm:pl-0.5 text-md font-bold hidden md:block">Celebrate</span> </div> <div class="selected-reaction--APPRECIATION flex flex-row items-center"> <img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Support" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/8kvqqk9m1eu5ffqkdlum1ka1m"> <span class="contribution-social-activity__button-text sm:pl-0.5 text-md font-bold hidden md:block">Support</span> </div> <div class="selected-reaction--EMPATHY flex flex-row items-center"> <img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" 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data-contribution-urn="urn:li:comment:(urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7073756955990769664,7077695821508464640),7088161871584776192)" data-contributor-urn="urn:li:member:529731674" data-contribution-tracking-id="RqPi7Gpe6lWh7wSR1RzrgA==" data-is-logged-in="false"> <div class="flex items-center justify-between"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/michael-florio-8224a5129?trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="comment_actor" data-tracking-will-navigate class="contribution__lockup relative flex items-center overflow-hidden pr-1 font-sans hover:no-underline focus:no-underline xs:left-[-56px]"> <figure class="top-[4px] inline-flex lg:hidden"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C5603AQH_TjZtteGieQ/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1517228942582?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=aD-Nlz0J8IGztOURAVXK_2ctN6iI62SZCfJlRAkQE2U" 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href="/uas/login?session_redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fadvice%2F3%2Fhow-do-you-prevent-hardware-tampering-reverse&trk=comment-semaphore-sign-in-redirect&guestReportContentType=AUTO_GENERATED_SKILL_ARTICLE_CONTRIBUTION&_f=guest-reporting" data-tracking-control-name="comment-semaphore-sign-in-redirect" data-tracking-will-navigate data-item-type="semaphore" data-semaphore-content-type="AUTO_GENERATED_SKILL_ARTICLE_CONTRIBUTION" data-semaphore-content-urn="urn:li:comment:(articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7073756955990769664,7077695821508464640),7088161871584776192)" data-semaphore-author-urn="urn:li:member:529731674" data-semaphore-tracking-prefix="comment-semaphore" data-is-logged-in="false" data-modal="semaphore__toggle" class="semaphore__toggle visited:text-color-text-secondary mx-0.25 flex items-center w-full py-1 px-2 cursor-pointer font-sans text-sm font-bold link-styled focus:link-styled link:no-underline active:bg-color-background-container-tint 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You'll no longer see this contribution</p> </template> </li>  </ul>  </div> </div> <code id="contributionCopyLink" style="display: none"></code> <code id="contributionCopyFail" style="display: none"></code> <code id="contributionCopyUnsupported" style="display: none"></code> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__container left__border -mb-2 -mt-1 animate-show ml-0 pl-0 md:ml-[-41px] md:pl-[32px] pr-0 lg:ml-[-33px] lg:pl-[40px] lg:pr-1 pt-2 pb-4"> <div class="flex flex-col justify-between lg:flex-col"> <div class="flex items-center justify-between gap-1"> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__text-wrapper relative"> <p class="contribution__text mb-1 whitespace-pre-wrap pt-1 text-md leading-open text-color-text md:mb-0 md:pt-0 line-clamp-5 lg:text-lg" data-tracking-control-name="comment_text">Standardize to specifically approved hardware with updated Operating System software, with a continual update process for drivers, software and operating system patches for what the company's needs require. Do not allow none standardized hardware to be on the same network backbone that drives your network. Tracking assets tied to a group or a specific user for accountability and restrict access to areas on your network and off network that the hardware should not be accessing.... most of all user training on what to do and not do on how to spot malicious attempts to compromise the integrity of the hardware and the network on the company. Master all these and you're on your way to a secured business.</p> <button class="contribution__see-more-button absolute bottom-0 right-0 hidden cursor-pointer border-0 bg-color-surface p-0 text-md leading-open text-color-text-secondary hover:text-color-action hover:underline lg:text-lg" data-tracking-control-name="comment_expand" data-feed-control="comment_expand" data-feed-action-type="expandContributionText" data-feed-action-category="EXPAND" role="button" type="button">…see more</button> </div>  <div class="contribution__social-action-bar relative right-1 flex flex-row items-center justify-start gap-1"> <div class="contribution-social-activity inline-flex items-center justify-start"> <code id="i18n_reaction_selection_state" style="display: none"></code> <div class="reactions-menu flex flex-row relative items-center justify-center select-none [-webkit-user-select:none] pointer-events-auto contribution-social-activity__reactions-menu " 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sm:pl-0.5 text-md font-bold hidden md:block">Like</span> </div> <div class="selected-reaction--PRAISE flex flex-row items-center"> <img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Celebrate" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/czva5w81r4b0pjr7sh5r4nbw9"> <span class="contribution-social-activity__button-text sm:pl-0.5 text-md font-bold hidden md:block">Celebrate</span> </div> <div class="selected-reaction--APPRECIATION flex flex-row items-center"> <img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Support" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/8kvqqk9m1eu5ffqkdlum1ka1m"> <span class="contribution-social-activity__button-text sm:pl-0.5 text-md font-bold hidden md:block">Support</span> </div> <div class="selected-reaction--EMPATHY flex flex-row items-center"> <img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" 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class="social-share__button-icon " data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/852gyy4s01pfis5qf9k99s6d2" data-svg-class-name="social-share-button-icon social-action-bar__icon--svg "></icon> <span class="social-share__button-text-square social-action-bar__button-text "> Share </span> </button> </div> </div> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs" data-sap-comment-urn="urn:li:ugcPost:7077695816202661888"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="16 Reactions" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="16" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" data-entity-urn="urn:li:ugcPost:7077695816202661888" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <img alt data-reaction-type="EMPATHY" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/37hg81qnm85dsy5mbqfifg9qs" height="16px" width="16px"> <img alt data-reaction-type="INTEREST" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4v7dh2d6cuqm24mzps1pqzeqt" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 16 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis before:middot my-1" data-test-id="social-actions__comments" data-id="social-actions__comments" data-num-comments="5" data-singular="%numComments% Contribution" data-plural="%numComments% Contributions" data-entity-urn="urn:li:ugcPost:7077695816202661888"> 5 Contributions </div>  </div> </div> </div>  <code id="contentUrn" style="display: none"></code> <div id="toasts" class="toasts fixed z-8 babybear:right-4 mamabear:right-4 papabear:min-h-[96px] invisible top:auto bottom-4 left-4 papabear:w-[400px] toasts--bottom" type="bottom"> <template id="toast-template"> <div class="toast container-raised flex toast--bottom transition ease-accelerate duration-xxslow " data-id="toast"> <div class="toast__message flex flex-1 babybear:items-center mamabear:items-center papabear:items-start py-2 px-1.5" data-id="toast__message" role="alert" tabindex="-1"> <div class="toast__message-content-container" data-id="toast__message-content-container"> <p class="toast__message-content font-sans text-sm opacity-90 inline babybear:self-center mamabear:self-center papabear:self-start" data-id="toast__message-content"></p> </div> </div> <button class="toast__dismiss-btn cursor-pointer babybear:self-center mamabear:self-center papabear:self-start pt-3 pb-2 papabear:py-2 pl-0.5 pr-0" data-id="toast__dismiss-btn" aria-label="Close"> <svg width="24" height="24" class="fill-color-icon"><path d="M13 4.32 9.31 8 13 11.69 11.69 13 8 9.31 4.31 13 3 11.69 6.69 8 3 4.31 4.31 3 8 6.69 11.68 3Z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </template> <template id="toast-icon-caution"> <icon class="text-color-icon-caution toast__icon w-3 h-3 shrink-0 mr-2" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/u6kgm8vi5s4rhtbgmjlphlp6"></icon> </template> <template id="toast-icon-error"> <icon class="text-color-icon-negative toast__icon w-3 h-3 shrink-0 mr-2" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/2ffvlzyh9wb65459t9va8w2ph"></icon> </template> <template id="toast-icon-gdpr"> <icon class="text-color-icon-neutral toast__icon w-3 h-3 shrink-0 mr-2" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/a0d85elrpgg38lskvq1kvzb3"></icon> </template> <template id="toast-icon-notify"> <icon class="text-color-icon-neutral toast__icon w-3 h-3 shrink-0 mr-2" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/de23f5me7dfm17unsj9up4vga"></icon> </template> <template id="toast-icon-success"> <icon class="text-color-icon-positive toast__icon w-3 h-3 shrink-0 mr-2" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/c44ryoszao52cyd0y87z7s0uf"></icon> </template> <template id="toast-cta"> <a class="toast__cta cta-link font-medium ml-0.5 text-sm text-inherit inline" target="_blank"></a> </template> </div> </div> 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