CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "bioguide.congress.gov",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '8eb8f9305ff389a7',cH: '8VCRE6hxhxx.dqaCN4EjPMJrUWd4JMAnNYWk1G9zvdo-1733117934-1.2.1.1-xKRXywRV9UEN22JXDcC2e1cM5.SjgFRTwHC_TdcaPkrVdO.m3YHPysPGdYYRW86J',cUPMDTk: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=L000234&__cf_chl_tk=RtrzSwMcWTxftsOT.3bF5BlOdvtrn0b8llBRvhEOPd0-1733117934-1.0.1.1-Mb2h9YLBNdjdXzWqlNDmU8zZHizNt8kCd_i2U.q85II",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1733117934',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=L000234&__cf_chl_f_tk=RtrzSwMcWTxftsOT.3bF5BlOdvtrn0b8llBRvhEOPd0-1733117934-1.0.1.1-Mb2h9YLBNdjdXzWqlNDmU8zZHizNt8kCd_i2U.q85II",md: "Oalv9zGEJiqwv_7GSZYNK1tT9YtfV1t8emnjpQcTG2s-1733117934-1.2.1.1-R7ebarkwMTqZz29GnyJEao5mkI8GhJndJyI00lqtSYQnIYtQhegLOJuEtjvjKHXTwhltW5w1g.O1xNn39GU2rr.3m6AdNfKPs3eEMnvKIeri0Pa56dmHKNIH0g7QVdwtjses1WwrksZe5bGMGEMgalXjRqSwlfSaZcJasxW99pDsf.g53kpQ8YGurYyMJB4Ro1KXIOuwO9WFl4rKDAFSmNz24HQDm4l8RK30i73L0VdVvBinUOrQsGf9BsGpIoq1Ds0ANZ7VDutFCAeTdb5hG6W8AKwos_lZx75waMnHsCU6ZZppCl.yizefuOEwyMT2_Yxm17mqqf0.dUqpVDrSHZPPxrjnJX0KlnjOR3tyhKnIlJtVJlqpCq4pSghIGxVXCKTqTZkVf2I_rjPqzRZQhW53C5U562T9RDbDmFhbFu55EkIEauTmeRntlfWhQ7Tsnpq00AJEcQkF8egbDU7Aqyw_UkqhEERpsTvPFaPlw9DKx5fDeJO38hlWOLYOyw_XAbX5qOd6uCfrW1M1lLuAcIKLCxyYuEHfvqDdN3SIeAhC98UeTOZ3cxFDqVHsmmsKVfCJgzyYxWgyxCCxLr7AqoJAQNiI2Dy6oMC73JPLIiUIlUfmORj3y3CaaDUmP53wJl5asg7CgGn4QocdWuLW9uN7Yq_A0OqGe1pTHuCHmyeAIm9.lIj1dvsUTMBAfE57fj6iTutKf.fvAJ18Pb0l3Ln_BeOivt_Ggbiwpnmmadjw9Gc4oTaWaP9W851uwpbasEf8_w3ZZ8J2wk0Zd4XdCyJBVRhlfv3fkQl.ci15h93a1GI_sY9bOkdkyyBs0JPzxCunR3zkt2.mtn4fJq945VEQ5OkyPx1CZnnS4YDIxqBiPs5N_ihQyK7iWATvb8Dua9yoiGl1DN7Anx1Hh7xhUmEDuSPwYy0cUQGwluSEm2Jwa3R_i3M5cahnAVOTyqc6A5fNLkDgl_WpIVjE.34DVTHCRMyLIJ2jmBtvGHUAFJ3HHsrUo9b7yBCTPhKqGI6DqRdjI4k67jcl09YFBCPaMF9Sd7RS5kEzMzw5Ge2iOur0q8Eqb85johlYlNRbWHsEWUA7u0Bdz5_s_rPIQk_VdPkgSn3hOVjJHyHeEn017deLu1p0nVELDf55VzqSbHw_5v2rnfYJjFDSUtEzhn0E3CrAr2n5kxMulOeNkurxr_pWSXcOxc00TsAH7gxfamvO27R5XMfi2A0bbQ.4CLqHm2w8sEuKwoouLmgPs1WlZuFV4VgXBWHJc9qlfZa3iXgCd.ASzPQjOrq0VN1BJW8zwTQTJMLFaaaxQM93j2T6bxiHq3WQ.zbn4ozCbiakMu1KC8tYon8L17mz2CO9X78EqJvz91GbQY3A.CHsSis1DYVQ5t3WKATXzZ4ztEZgzdsmxNFteX85qYRy.55pc2AQqsFzjq6cJ.uonX6jcPNq_1zwy.2Vpv.NXsruKVctsvLUOaRqZn8AKAqibsCE2zFKx_7k356QtcODwmgfANvC.BFNfwFdqM8HJ9sLoVjwoXYnq7UhVtSVRy_AO6r4t5xozEAu3R70bFHAvLz97CiIgtFvGmcVbAIZeuSWmhvkfZiGHgahwHYJiaFWNDmvT2mX3andU8wghVsIlqgQNwPASCGTdEeP3Y.16i__euYiNhn9BoAU22cUUYQCBBF7V7ZfU41E1NH7ItUrFbQsmK8rfDsAuWyu5a6ABs6glnMz8AlWfoB6fiBmBM7nF9X5.aWsU8DQ6btSto8oCN.ZcJZVqbHGRaL0RvzH7FEa.61DhB8nfl1QUhPO9NhGxdhtTZhJQzLJisatg0ZTIEXH2J8q_xX_Xu64A_EEGdvQGHchm03k5QMHm4KorplFTjsodA.9iRLuVScUWkst4dw.XXCV.yCTrK9z7qY5tJqNPHCV8bMR4i9w2lOwvyvYSBArrI68BMPjaVutgbRJVF8MAJRJn4zk7ZSHn0TNf2SpV69tyIAoCzpmevOOBtJkH_QstkG6t.iufzJN8WJfAgOgbg8iQrI",mdrd: "R2lcen7hb_VVWmWuQ7R8X7qXNja66z2TNdRonby6GIo-1733117934-1.2.1.1-efIU_1H99db2Ha1mCO4WvueonDhh7tjkP23xB.THL8s.QpyXXedlOnczh9TNOZF62wmP3EneP9S2rszshCLG5vUNuHMbI80FEJx7J81NNxl85.IHC8UsUG_oAv8hrm2sqCnZN7yYrRzMSGGqChEnPBSvqXgh_fbS602D35w0dxIOKa31gMOU4b63g8DEek4sr2iHebPIcztQLnzl_Kv.zn2yWdCrv0Bzk7KBUJa3O4xBmxYz0jlyikf29YCaPlqciXDoeHYUKhOsP3MlkW0TjpJC6x6Uulr7COAGG8THIYzJygOs5nuYo9jtv7ExiLjHycbiLUy2c61q_PBM9u1zqjxEK2o_L2u7UdJ8IaBhPHbSZ5DMxQlymaGiNmop3UYEVuXzI3mWsDji86Z2U1rDoiOFZDbYmzOvh2q85y2WcPk1gCOIKqV.sAlmyf6GYZ_.q60zR8x.99yTuh4n5VgUmF7kSzE9rojy_2E1Iw8mhAG3b1CGIG332ZWMWfEjy.vkVNExSR5mDwVVXBTtU01yizUFd99cN45tIl3WdYtF1BWlKpDgZ61EOn2aCyh2c.Tt3ZxztGbqeY3F8s5H35785I0B6H2ILB3Hl3QSgLj.3sxPpm1wuVAiu0eSg2Ol8GC_Li5rVG9.b2fUN0ZFJJFkXsBVkDCKoL1U.FzBaa91QRSLEKC3JmCB6jiBEL5uPCtxDefCN.8L9vMqD3KXZAPRB2f6nINQgUvLGqMNaQXamqM6m9DdFmR3ZFH7SYCzqm1tMhMuIaVWdyeYY5l7lZDxHoPRFdj.AunaDTM9YRMRrR8SEL3SPRzak3394ahXRwS.etGp9COiwAEpc77CyWLLaS0v7cPKJmC7WFmNoKfGZivKrC6as4dVGBuwoUgVskxWHI9xe0Vl6RLS2hd2kMBGqynwfJkuu3wiorbB4wqCGSHa7TB4_aQGJOIBJudkLlntmk0Mn3z_EdKJE9sGLtIBiEhmdFZmYpipt8f73d48iddAeUJegZIMwdlr7c2xqCj9mWcfXscC0zE.VNrvHskSMhc4erbk4aqpe6zoKZbsMyyXxosjYggReBpZ73T6VGGt.9SkhrDpXYGaKOJ2vyLXlKbW1FzxNk0oo_qgMSGqVSjYsr9KzMKY3bGZsi1ilizUgpGVrgetu7tqUZNzfpdP132o3ymMtknK3a5YzHgaDKwHJZXmzs5587RsWt5tzKvn8iBApInfFl.pVWH0rKjgN_t3nscqybrXNvxxz4fqNad_XHPOtxUDASS_laUIqR2ycHZ.VPgBGS2hJqOxfZPJEfcbDftRtZYqhDdST9PiLV_V1u3K27.YxaorVqkNn3SU9KyMIhXCV9jjcOKgMMALrfl8ZAVhU5.2nbH6za9hlJE72XW6RO9EYgtKKYvlKYGFem8zDLtNDuJ5Sqaq.nhnkAgCm1bP6BGyhMxLPPkF9m.cyFDI5QjUnF2pHSgwZsfMgzvIHHlVzxvl_GY_xY1m3ytMBnR_tN9QVzGxmQmcPvyS42ORGE7S7NN7pdqLaW5vAd9CaN2EkUOnscz_Z9oyXsWUXR0Lxo53tr00ivTdafuysNuKCCqV4rwYAO1upVVEcWT9WH01YcPSWZtSskasCmGi1leqP60.s4jfm75_SbdmBw8RnI_Y8yPOh.0toR8fBEQBzmpRwwzfAc1t_T47.6X22oZfasaWRZ9ckCire_At1D3EYTFQAM.RF0MRqp9Z7S_lSfhWgoqQBEbFPYfDfunV5UaTlX6Qx7erChAcYify5iIlp7O6QRdydNzn.2WRl10AtX5o3w8cJBdsDX.aKsBlkcKvABxoYU2rpEHMVBgAz2QLb4daTpH3jFHKek2xOD_4dsVPHZRL.zct33ziAtuC56REjnFxa25jC1ItkDMYUKpYfkG65IAG2cRqi.mwIy39WcoSWW8hMx_Wwlg4JfDcB0W8xDanjE38XN65Bv8O6gf8.v2a39_n242CzW2k"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8eb8f9305ff389a7';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=L000234&__cf_chl_rt_tk=RtrzSwMcWTxftsOT.3bF5BlOdvtrn0b8llBRvhEOPd0-1733117934-1.0.1.1-Mb2h9YLBNdjdXzWqlNDmU8zZHizNt8kCd_i2U.q85II" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>