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Personvalg – Wikipedia
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Personvalg – Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personvalg"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Rediger" href="/w/index.php?title=Personvalg&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nb)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//no.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personvalg"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-mating" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasjon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Forside" title="Gå til hovedsiden [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Forside</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig" title="Vis en tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Portal" title="Stedet for å få hjelp"><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Siste_endringer" title="Liste over siste endringer på wikien. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringer</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-prosjekt" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-prosjekt" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Prosjektportal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal"><span>Prosjektportal</span></a></li><li id="n-bidra" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bidra_til_Wikipedia"><span>Hvordan bidra?</span></a></li><li id="n-tinget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinget"><span>Tinget</span></a></li><li id="n-torget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Torget"><span>Torget</span></a></li><li id="n-konkurranser" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Konkurranser"><span>Konkurranser</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div 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role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:S%C3%B8k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Søk</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Søk i Wikipedia" aria-label="Søk i Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesial:Søk"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Søk</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personlig"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Endre skriftstørrelse, bredde og farge på siden." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Personvalg" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Personvalg" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Flere alternativer" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlig" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlig</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukermeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb"><span>Doner</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Personvalg" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Personvalg" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Personvalg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Artikkelen finnes kun på dette språket. 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24786197">.mw-parser-output .navboks-vertikal{float:right;clear:right;width:14rem;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);font-size:0.875rem;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f9f9f9);padding:0.25rem}.mw-parser-output .navboks-vertikal .navboks-vertikal-emne{color:var(--color-base,#000);background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#aaa)}</style> <table class="navboks-vertikal" style="border-color:lightgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th><small><span style="font-weight:normal;">Artikkelen inngår i serien om</span></small><br /> <p><span style="font-size:175%"><b><a href="/wiki/Valg" title="Valg">Valg</a></b></span> </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Stemmeurne.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Norsk stemmeurne"><img alt="Norsk stemmeurne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Stemmeurne.jpg/150px-Stemmeurne.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Stemmeurne.jpg/225px-Stemmeurne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Stemmeurne.jpg/300px-Stemmeurne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1096" /></a></span><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navboks-vertikal-emne" style="color:black;background-color:lightgray;;"><b>Grunnleggende</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Representativt_demokrati" title="Representativt demokrati">Representativt demokrati</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/Valgkrets" title="Valgkrets">Valgkrets</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/Stemmerett" title="Stemmerett">Stemmerett</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stemmeplikt" title="Stemmeplikt">Stemmeplikt</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/Tilbakekallingsvalg" title="Tilbakekallingsvalg">Tilbakekallingsvalg</a></p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navboks-vertikal-emne" style="background-color:lightgray;"><b><a href="/wiki/Valgordning" title="Valgordning">Valgordning</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Direkte_valg" title="Direkte valg">Direkte valg</a></p> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indirekte_valg" title="Indirekte valg">Indirekte valg</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Valgkollegium" title="Valgkollegium">Valgkollegium</a></span></p> <p><a href="/wiki/Flertallsvalg" title="Flertallsvalg">Flertallsvalg</a></p> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Personvalg</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/Forholdstallsvalg" title="Forholdstallsvalg">Forholdstallsvalg</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Lagu%C3%ABs_metode" title="Sainte-Laguës metode">Sainte-Laguës metode</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/Listevalg" title="Listevalg">Listevalg</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/Preferansevalg" title="Preferansevalg">Preferansevalg</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/Kumulasjon" title="Kumulasjon">Kumulasjon</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/Sperregrense" title="Sperregrense">Sperregrense</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/Utjevningsmandat" title="Utjevningsmandat">Utjevningsmandat</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/Overskuddsmandat" title="Overskuddsmandat">Overskuddsmandat</a></p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Et <b>personvalg</b> er et valg hvor man velger en foretrukken person (og ikke fortrinnsvis <a href="/wiki/Parti" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti">partiliste</a>) til en institusjon, for eksempel et lederverv eller som medlem av en forsamling. </p><p>Personvalg forbindes ofte med <a href="/wiki/Flertallsvalg" title="Flertallsvalg">flertallsvalg</a> i <a href="/wiki/Valgkrets" title="Valgkrets">enmannskretser</a> slik man har bl.a. i <a href="/wiki/Storbritannia" title="Storbritannia">Storbritannia</a>, <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> og mange andre stater. Personvalg inngår normalt som en del av et <a href="/wiki/Representativt_demokrati" title="Representativt demokrati">representativt demokrati</a>. <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A6r%C3%B8yene" title="Færøyene">Færøyene</a> er et land som benytter personvalg i alle typer valg. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Preferansevalg" title="Preferansevalg">Preferansevalg</a> er personvalg med flere kandidater, og <a href="/wiki/Listevalg" title="Listevalg">listevalg</a> med frie eller <a href="/wiki/%C3%85pen_liste" title="Åpen liste">åpne lister</a> regnes som personvalg.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Valgordning" title="Valgordning">Valgordninger</a> i flerpartisystemer kan ha et <i>sterk</i> eller <i>svakt</i> innslag av personvalg. Norske stortingsvalg har et svakt innslag av personvalg ettersom endringer er frivillig og et flertall av velgerne må endre kandidatrekkefølgen for at endringen skal føre til et reelt personvalg.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I andre land kan antallet personer som kan flyttes være begrenset, man kan ha <a href="/wiki/Sperregrense" title="Sperregrense">sperregrense</a> (som ved norske fylkestingsvalg), eller ha kvotesystemer som påvirker personvalget. </p><p>Et sterkt innslag av personvalg betyr i teorien at én enkelt stemme til en kandidat kan flytte denne kandidaten til toppen (eller bunnen) av lista. Med sterkt innslag av personvalg har velgerne makt til å endre rekkefølgen som de vil. Norske kommunevalg har et sterkt innslag av personvalg, og dersom ingen på lista er <a href="/wiki/Kumulering" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumulering">forhåndskumulert</a> får man et helt fritt personvalg.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personvalg&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personvalg&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Johannes Bergh, Dag Arne Christensen, Bjarte Folkestad, Rune Karlsen og Jo Saglie: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/krd/kampanjer/valgportal/ingressbilder/isf_personvalg.pdf"><i>Personvalg ved stortingsvalg. Konsekvenser av en endring av personvalgreglene ved stortingsvalg</i></a>, Institutt for samfunnsforskning. Rapport 2014:08.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.regjeringen.no/no/aktuelt/velgerne-skal-fa-storre-pavirkning-pa-personvalg-til-stortinget/id2440068/">Velgerne skal få større påvirkning på personvalg til Stortinget</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2002-06-28-57/KAPITTEL_7#KAPITTEL_7">Valgloven §7-2</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐67876799fc‐jwxf4 Cached time: 20241127185041 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.031 seconds Real time usage: 0.061 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 137/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2964/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1265/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2061/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 34.136 1 -total 100.00% 34.136 1 Mal:Valgsystem 66.11% 22.568 1 Mal:Navigasjonsboks 11.78% 4.023 1 Mal:Navigasjonsboks/mer 6.76% 2.308 1 Mal:Nobold 4.41% 1.507 2 Mal:, 4.39% 1.497 1 Mal:Nowrap --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key nowiki:pcache:637305:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241127185041 and revision id 19324507. 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