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</nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button 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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>目前各国與地区政府的态度</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-目前各国與地区政府的态度-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关目前各国與地区政府的态度子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-目前各国與地区政府的态度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中華人民共和國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中華人民共和國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>中華人民共和國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中華人民共和國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-俄罗斯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#俄罗斯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>俄罗斯</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-俄罗斯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-欧盟" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#欧盟"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>欧盟</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-欧盟-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-美國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#美國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>美國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-美國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-加拿大" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#加拿大"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>加拿大</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-加拿大-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-澳大利亚" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#澳大利亚"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>澳大利亚</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-澳大利亚-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>日本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-印度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#印度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>印度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-印度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-普遍但有所区分的责任" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#普遍但有所区分的责任"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>普遍但有所区分的责任</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-普遍但有所区分的责任-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-支持意见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#支持意见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>支持意见</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-支持意见-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关支持意见子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-支持意见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-美国民间的支持" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#美国民间的支持"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>美国民间的支持</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-美国民间的支持-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-反对意见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#反对意见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>反对意见</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-反对意见-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关反对意见子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-反对意见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-对贫困人口的影响" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#对贫困人口的影响"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>对贫困人口的影响</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-对贫困人口的影响-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他观点" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他观点"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>其他观点</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他观点-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-成本效益分析" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#成本效益分析"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>成本效益分析</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-成本效益分析-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关外部链接子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-议定书" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#议定书"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>议定书</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-议定书-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-评论" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#评论"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>评论</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-评论-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">京都议定书</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。81种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اتفاقية كيوتو – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اتفاقية كيوتو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اتفاقية كيوتو – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اتفاقية كيوتو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioto_protokolu" title="Kioto protokolu – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kioto protokolu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%91%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Кіёцкі пратакол – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кіёцкі пратакол" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Протокол от Киото – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Протокол от Киото" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2" title="কিয়োটো প্রোটোকল – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কিয়োটো প্রোটোকল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protokol_iz_Kyota" title="Protokol iz Kyota – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Protokol iz Kyota" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_de_Kyoto" title="Protocol de Kyoto – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Protocol de Kyoto" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C3%B3tsk%C3%BD_protokol" title="Kjótský protokol – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kjótský protokol" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytundeb_Kyoto" title="Cytundeb Kyoto – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cytundeb Kyoto" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto-aftalen" title="Kyoto-aftalen – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kyoto-aftalen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto-Protokoll" title="Kyoto-Protokoll – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kyoto-Protokoll" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9A%CE%B9%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Πρωτόκολλο του Κιότο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρωτόκολλο του Κιότο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kyoto Protocol" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protokolo_de_Kioto" title="Protokolo de Kioto – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Protokolo de Kioto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocolo_de_Kioto" title="Protocolo de Kioto – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Protocolo de Kioto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dto_protokoll" title="Kyōto protokoll – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kyōto protokoll" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyotoko_Protokoloa" title="Kyotoko Protokoloa – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kyotoko Protokoloa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88" title="پیمان کیوتو – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیمان کیوتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioton_p%C3%B6yt%C3%A4kirja" title="Kioton pöytäkirja – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kioton pöytäkirja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocole_de_Kyoto" title="Protocole de Kyoto – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Protocole de Kyoto" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B3tacal_Kyoto,_1997" title="Prótacal Kyoto, 1997 – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Prótacal Kyoto, 1997" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocolo_de_Kyoto" title="Protocolo de Kyoto – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Protocolo de Kyoto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95" title="פרוטוקול קיוטו – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרוטוקול קיוטו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2" title="क्योटो प्रोटोकॉल – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्योटो प्रोटोकॉल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protokol_iz_Kyota" title="Protokol iz Kyota – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Protokol iz Kyota" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiot%C3%B3i_jegyz%C5%91k%C3%B6nyv" title="Kiotói jegyzőkönyv – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kiotói jegyzőkönyv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կիոտոյի արձանագրություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կիոտոյի արձանագրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protokol_Kyoto" title="Protokol Kyoto – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Protokol Kyoto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkwek%E1%BB%8Dr%E1%BB%8Bta_Kyoto" title="Nkwekọrịta Kyoto – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Nkwekọrịta Kyoto" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BD%C3%B3t%C3%B3s%C3%A1ttm%C3%A1linn" title="Kýótósáttmálinn – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kýótósáttmálinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocollo_di_Kyoto" title="Protocollo di Kyoto – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Protocollo di Kyoto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B0%E5%AE%9A%E6%9B%B8" title="京都議定書 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="京都議定書" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protokol_Kyoto" title="Protokol Kyoto – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Protokol Kyoto" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="კიოტოს ოქმი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კიოტოს ოქმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Киото хаттамасы – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Киото хаттамасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8B_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0" title="ಕ್ಯೋಟೋ ಶಿಷ್ಟಾಚಾರ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ಯೋಟೋ ಶಿಷ್ಟಾಚಾರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%90%ED%86%A0_%EC%9D%98%EC%A0%95%EC%84%9C" title="교토 의정서 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="교토 의정서" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protokola_Kyotoy%C3%AA" title="Protokola Kyotoyê – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Protokola Kyotoyê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocollum_Kiotense" title="Protocollum Kiotense – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Protocollum Kiotense" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto-Protokoll" title="Kyoto-Protokoll – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kyoto-Protokoll" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioto_protokolas" title="Kioto protokolas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kioto protokolas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioto_protokols" title="Kioto protokols – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kioto protokols" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D1%98%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Протокол од Кјото – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Протокол од Кјото" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE" title="ക്യോട്ടോ പ്രൊട്ടോക്കോൾ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്യോട്ടോ പ്രൊട്ടോക്കോൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2" title="क्योतो प्रोटोकॉल – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="क्योतो प्रोटोकॉल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protokol_Kyoto" title="Protokol Kyoto – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Protokol Kyoto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%98%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AE%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="ကျိုတို သဘောတူညီချက်စာချုပ် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကျိုတို သဘောတူညီချက်စာချုပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto-protocol" title="Kyoto-protocol – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kyoto-protocol" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyotoprotokollen" title="Kyotoprotokollen – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kyotoprotokollen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto-avtalen" title="Kyoto-avtalen – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kyoto-avtalen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoc%C3%B2l_de_Qui%C3%B2to" title="Protocòl de Quiòto – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Protocòl de Quiòto" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protok%C3%B3%C5%82_z_Kioto" title="Protokół z Kioto – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Protokół z Kioto" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84" title="د کیوتو پروتوکول – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د کیوتو پروتوکول" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocolo_de_Quioto" title="Protocolo de Quioto – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Protocolo de Quioto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocolul_de_la_Kyoto" title="Protocolul de la Kyoto – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Protocolul de la Kyoto" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Киотский протокол – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Киотский протокол" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Киото боротокуола – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Киото боротокуола" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocollu_di_Quiotu" title="Protocollu di Quiotu – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Protocollu di Quiotu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kyoto Protocol" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%9D_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A5%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="ක්යෝතෝ ප්‍රඥප්තිය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ක්යෝතෝ ප්‍රඥප්තිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kyoto Protocol" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C3%B3tsky_protokol" title="Kjótsky protokol – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kjótsky protokol" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjotski_protokol" title="Kjotski protokol – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kjotski protokol" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protokolli_i_Kiotos" title="Protokolli i Kiotos – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Protokolli i Kiotos" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D1%98%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Протокол из Кјота – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Протокол из Кјота" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyotoprotokollet" title="Kyotoprotokollet – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kyotoprotokollet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itifaki_ya_Kyoto" title="Itifaki ya Kyoto – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Itifaki ya Kyoto" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="கியோட்டோ நெறிமுறை – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கியோட்டோ நெறிமுறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%92%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%82" title="క్యోటో ఒప్పందం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="క్యోటో ఒప్పందం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95" title="พิธีสารเกียวโต – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พิธีสารเกียวโต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protokol%C3%BC" title="Kyoto Protokolü – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kyoto Protokolü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88_%D9%83%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B4%D9%89%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="كيوتو كىلىشىمنامىسى – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كيوتو كىلىشىمنامىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Кіотський протокол – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кіотський протокол" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%DB%81%D8%AF%DB%81_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%88" title="معاہدہ کیوٹو – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معاہدہ کیوٹو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngh%E1%BB%8B_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_th%C6%B0_Ky%C5%8Dto" title="Nghị định thư Kyōto – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nghị định thư Kyōto" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocole_di_Kioto" title="Protocole di Kioto – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Protocole di Kioto" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6" title="京都议定书 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="京都议定书" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B0%E5%AE%9A%E6%9B%B8" title="京都議定書 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="京都議定書" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kia%E2%81%BF-to%CD%98_G%C4%AB-t%C4%93ng-su" title="Kiaⁿ-to͘ Gī-tēng-su – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kiaⁿ-to͘ Gī-tēng-su" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B0%E5%AE%9A%E6%9B%B8" title="京都議定書 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="京都議定書" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q47359#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&oldid=86125074" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&id=86125074&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E4%25BA%25AC%25E9%2583%25BD%25E8%25AE%25AE%25E5%25AE%259A%25E4%25B9%25A6"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E4%25BA%25AC%25E9%2583%25BD%25E8%25AE%25AE%25E5%25AE%259A%25E4%25B9%25A6"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kyoto_Protocol" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6" hreflang="zh"><span>维基文库</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q47359" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-66abbd39" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可参照<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" class="extiw" title="en:Kyoto Protocol">英語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>，译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>，或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2014年5月24日</span>)</i></small><span 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zh-tw:水準;"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;">京都議定書</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above description" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#ededed;">聯合國氣候變化綱要公約的京都議定書</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyoto_Protocol_parties.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Kyoto_Protocol_parties.svg/350px-Kyoto_Protocol_parties.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Kyoto_Protocol_parties.svg/525px-Kyoto_Protocol_parties.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Kyoto_Protocol_parties.svg/700px-Kyoto_Protocol_parties.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em; line-height:1.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008000; color:white;"> </span> 有二期規定目標的附件I締約國</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:purple; color:white;"> </span> 只有一期但沒有二期規定目標的附件I締約國</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0000FF; color:white;"> </span> 沒有規定目標的非附件I締約國</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EEEE00; color:black;"> </span> 有一期規定目標但退出議定書的附件I締約國</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orange; color:black;"> </span> 簽署但未批准議定書的國家</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF1111; color:black;"> </span> 其他沒有加入議定書的聯合國會員國和觀察員</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">簽署日</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="sortkey" style="display:none;speak:none">000000001997-12-11-0000</span><span style="white-space:nowrap">1997年12月11日</span><sup id="cite_ref-parties_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parties-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">簽署地點</th><td class="infobox-data location" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD" title="京都">京都</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">生效日</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="sortkey" style="display:none;speak:none">000000002005-02-16-0000</span><span style="white-space:nowrap">2005年2月16日</span><sup id="cite_ref-parties_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parties-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">生效條件</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">不少於55個參與國簽署該條約</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">失效日</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">生效（第一承諾期於2012年12月31日到期）<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">簽署者</th><td class="infobox-data attendee plainlist" style="">84<sup id="cite_ref-parties_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parties-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">締約方</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist" style="">192<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UNlist_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNlist-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（歐盟、庫克群島、紐埃島，除安道爾、加拿大、南蘇丹和美國以外的所有聯合國會員國）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">保存處</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国"><img alt="联合国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%98%E4%B9%A6%E5%A4%84" title="联合国秘书处">联合国秘书處</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;;">收錄於<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>的條約原文</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/16px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/32px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span>《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6" class="extiw" title="s:京都议定书">京都議定書</a>》</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;">京都议定书延期（2012–2020）</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above description" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#ededed;">Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doha_Amendment_of_Kyoto.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Doha_Amendment_of_Kyoto.svg/350px-Doha_Amendment_of_Kyoto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Doha_Amendment_of_Kyoto.svg/525px-Doha_Amendment_of_Kyoto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Doha_Amendment_of_Kyoto.svg/700px-Doha_Amendment_of_Kyoto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em; line-height:1.25em;">接受《多哈修正案》</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">類型</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">国际条约</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">起草完成日</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2012年12月8日</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">簽署日</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">11 12 1997</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">簽署地點</th><td class="infobox-data location" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/22px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/33px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/44px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94" title="卡塔尔">卡塔尔</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%93%88" title="多哈">多哈</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">生效日</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2020年12月31日</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">生效條件</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">必须获得144个缔约国的批准<br />（192个国家中的四分之三）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">批准者</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist" style="">147<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;;">收錄於<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>的條約原文</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/16px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/32px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span>《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6%E3%80%8B%E5%A4%9A%E5%93%88%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" class="extiw" title="s:《京都议定书》多哈修正案">京都议定书延期（2012–2020）</a>》</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Major_greenhouse_gas_trends.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Major_greenhouse_gas_trends.png/310px-Major_greenhouse_gas_trends.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Major_greenhouse_gas_trends.png/465px-Major_greenhouse_gas_trends.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Major_greenhouse_gas_trends.png/620px-Major_greenhouse_gas_trends.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="668" /></a><figcaption>《京都议定书》试图减少全球<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%AE%A4%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="温室气体">温室气体</a>排放</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="巴黎氣候協議">巴黎氣候協議</a></div> <p><b>京都议定书</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Kyoto Protocol</span>；日语：<span lang="ja">京都議定書/きょうとぎていしょ</span>），又译《<b>京都協議書</b>》、《<b>京都條約</b>》；全称《<b>联合国气候变化框架公约的京都议定书</b>》是《<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="联合国气候变化框架公约">联合国气候变化框架公约</a>》（United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change，UNFCCC）的补充条款。是1997年12月在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%BA%9C" title="京都府">京都府</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82" title="京都市">京都市</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%9C%83%E9%A4%A8" title="國立京都國際會館">國立京都國際會館</a>所召開联合国气候变化框架公约参加国三次会议制定的。其目标是“将大气中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%AE%A4%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="温室气体">温室气体</a>含量稳定在一个适当的水平，以保证生态系统的平滑适应、食物的安全生产和经济的可持续发展”<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>IPCC（<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%96%93%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="政府間氣候變化專門委員會">政府間氣候變化專門委員會</a>，Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change）已经预计从1990年到2100年<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>之間，全球气温将升高1.4<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="摄氏度">℃</a>至5.8℃。目前的评估显示，京都议定书如果能被彻底完全的执行，到2050年之前仅可以把气温的升幅减少0.02℃至0.28℃，正因如此，许多批评家和环保主义者质疑京都议定书的价值，认为其标准設定過低，根本不足以应对未来的严重危机。而支持者们指出京都议定书只是第一步<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，为了达到UNFCCC的目标，今后还要继续修改完善，直到达到UNFCCC 4.2(d)规定的要求为止<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2012年12月8日，在卡塔尔召开的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2012年联合国气候变化大会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012年联合国气候变化大会（页面不存在）">第18届联合国气候变化大会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="extiw" title="en:2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span lang="en" dir="auto">2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>上，本应于2012年到期的京都议定书被同意延长至2020年。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概况"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E5.86.B5"></span>概况</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：概况"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1997年12月，条约在日本京都通过，并于1998年3月16日至1999年3月15日间开放签字，共有84國簽署<sup id="cite_ref-StatusOfRatification_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatusOfRatification-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，条约于2005年2月16日开始强制生效<sup id="cite_ref-StatusOfRatification_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatusOfRatification-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。到2009年2月，一共有183个国家通过了该条约（超過全球排放量的61%）<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，引人注目的是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>曾簽字，但並未送交參議院進行批准程序。 </p><p>条约规定，它在“不少于55个参与国簽署该条约且温室气体排放量达到附件I中规定，簽署国家在達到1990年总排放量的55%后的第90天”开始生效。这两个条件中，“55个国家”在2002年5月23日当<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="冰岛">冰岛</a>通过后首先滿足條件。2004年12月18日，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>通过了该条约后达到了“55%”的条件，条约於90天后的2005年2月16日开始强制生效。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="目前各国與地区政府的态度"><span id=".E7.9B.AE.E5.89.8D.E5.90.84.E5.9B.BD.E8.88.87.E5.9C.B0.E5.8C.BA.E6.94.BF.E5.BA.9C.E7.9A.84.E6.80.81.E5.BA.A6"></span>目前各国與地区政府的态度</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：目前各国與地区政府的态度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carbon_Emission_by_Region_(zh).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Carbon_Emission_by_Region_%28zh%29.png/310px-Carbon_Emission_by_Region_%28zh%29.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Carbon_Emission_by_Region_%28zh%29.png/465px-Carbon_Emission_by_Region_%28zh%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Carbon_Emission_by_Region_%28zh%29.png 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>从1800年到2000年全球的碳排放量地区分布</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中華人民共和國"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E8.8F.AF.E4.BA.BA.E6.B0.91.E5.85.B1.E5.92.8C.E5.9C.8B"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国"><img alt="中华人民共和国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> 中華人民共和國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：中華人民共和國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="中華人民共和國政府">中華人民共和國政府</a>於1998年5月29日簽署《京都議定書》，於2002年9月3日核准，2005年2月16日正式生效。由於中國是條約控制框架以外的國家，所以不受溫室氣體排放限制。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8%E5%8F%91%E8%A8%80%E4%BA%BA" title="中华人民共和国外交部发言人">中國外交部發言人</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%BB%BA%E8%B6%85" title="刘建超">劉建超</a>說：「<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E8%BE%BE%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="发达国家">发达国家</a>必須要先採取措施，然後<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="發展中國家">發展中的國家</a>如中國才須跟進。」 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="俄罗斯"><span id=".E4.BF.84.E7.BD.97.E6.96.AF"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯"><img alt="俄罗斯" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> 俄罗斯</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：俄罗斯"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E4%BA%AC" title="弗拉基米尔·普京">弗拉基米尔·普京</a>于2004年12月4日簽署该协议，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>于12月18日正式通知<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国</a>已簽署《京都议定书》。俄罗斯的态度受到了<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" title="国际社会">国际社会</a>的密切关注，一旦俄罗斯簽署了该条约，条约就会在90天后强制生效（2005年2月16日）。 </p><p>俄羅斯總統普京在早些时候的2004年9月曾经口头表示，他支持京都议定书及与俄罗斯相关的内容。正如眾所预期一般，2004年10月22日俄罗斯国家杜马下院通过簽署该条约，随后上院也通过簽署。 </p><p>京都议定书制定的限制排放量是以1990年的排放水平作为基准的，而自1990年以来，由于<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%93" title="苏联解体">苏联解体</a>后的大多数共和国经济都大幅下滑，温室气体排放也大幅下降，所以俄罗斯可輕易到達該標準，目前的排放水平也大幅低于条约要求。事实上，俄罗斯甚至可以销售排放指标给达标困难的国家，来获得不菲的经济回报。 </p><p>2012年12月31日，俄罗斯宣布将于2013年起退出《京都议定书》的第二承诺期。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="欧盟"><span id=".E6.AC.A7.E7.9B.9F"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟"><img alt="欧洲联盟" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> 欧盟</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：欧盟"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AirPollutionSource.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/AirPollutionSource.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="203" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="203" /></a><figcaption>工廠排放</figcaption></figure> <p>2002年5月31日，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="欧盟">欧盟</a>当时的15个正式成员国在联合国签署了相关文件，原有排放量大约占全球排放量的21%，条约规定要把排放量比1990年减少8%。欧盟一直是京都议定书的主要支持者，并一直致力于说服那些立场摇摆的国家加入条约。 </p><p>2002年12月，欧盟建立了一个排放交易系统，交易配额包括六种关键行业：能源、钢铁、水泥、玻璃、制砖和造纸，这一交易系统可以帮助那些难以达标的国家最终达标。交易价格从2005年的40<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%85%83" title="欧元">欧元</a>每吨涨到2008年的100欧元每吨。根据目前的交易项目已可以实现到2008年减少4.7%的排放，超过总目标的一半多。 </p><p>在对京都议定书的簽署问题上欧盟内部几乎没有任何争议，随着原东欧共产主义国家新加入欧盟，原有的1990年基准指标也大为抬高，相对其他的发达国家，欧盟获得了一些潜在的好处。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="美國"><span id=".E7.BE.8E.E5.9C.8B"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国"><img alt="美国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> 美國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：美國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>作為《京都議定書》的參與國之一，曾簽署該條約，及後美國宣佈退出條約。條約只有得到美國國會的批准才會對美國有效。 </p><p>在京都議定書的談判之前，1997年7月25日<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%83%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="美國參議院">美國參議院</a>就以95票對零票通過了「<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伯德·哈格尔决议" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Byrd–Hagel Resolution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%AF%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E5%86%B3%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伯德·哈格尔决议（页面不存在）">伯德·哈格尔决议</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byrd%E2%80%93Hagel_Resolution" class="extiw" title="en:Byrd–Hagel Resolution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Byrd–Hagel Resolution</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>」（US Senate Resolution 98），限制美國政府不得簽署同意任何「不同等對待<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="發展中國家">發展中國家</a>和工業化國家，有具體目標和時間限制」或「對美國經濟產生嚴重危害」的條約，但1998年11月12日參加談判的副總統<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="戈尔">戈爾</a>仍然象徵性的簽了字。考慮到參議院當時的態度不可能通過該條約，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E9%A1%BF" title="比尔·克林顿">克林頓</a>政府沒有將議定書提交國會審議。 </p><p>1998年7月克林頓政府公佈了一份經濟顧問委員會的報告，這份報告認為通過和附件I/B以及其他發展中國家之間按照<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%81%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6" title="清洁发展机制">清潔發展機制</a>進行排放交易，可以使美國減少原先估計花費的60%就達到京都議定書規定的2012年排放要求。除此之外其他部門的經濟評估，包括國會預算辦公室、美國能源部、能源信息管理局等，卻都認為履行京都議定書有可能會大幅降低美國<a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a>增長。 </p><p>前總統<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E4%BB%80" title="乔治·沃克·布什">布什</a>已經說他不會把條約提交國會批准，他表示原則上他並不反對京都議定書的思想，但是他認為議定書規定的要求太高會損害美國的經濟，他強調目前科學界對於氣候變化的研究還沒有定論<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外，他對條約的一些細節也不滿意，例如，他對把附件I國家和其他國家區別對待表示不滿，他說： </p> <dl><dd>「世界第二的溫室氣體排放國是中國，但是中國卻被排除在京都議定書的限制之外。這是一個需要全世界付出100%努力的問題，我們以及世界其他所有國家。美國還要在對付氣候變化的問題中擔任領導地位，但不願意被需要承擔義務的這一有缺陷條約所束縛。相反，美國政府一貫樂於在有關氣候變化的事務中擔任領導角色。我們現在的做法必須和降低大氣中溫室氣體濃度這一長遠目標相一致。」</dd></dl> <p>根據美國能源信息管理局公佈的資料，2003年中國人均排放<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>0.74噸，比1990年增長了40%，但與此同時美國的人均二氧化碳排放量達到了5.44噸，將近中國的八倍<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。全球已有141個國家和地區簽署《京都議定書》，其中包括30個工業化國家。美國人口僅佔全球人口的3%至4%，排放的二氧化碳卻佔全球排放量的25%以上，是全球溫室氣體排放量最大的國家。 </p><p>2002年6月，美國環保局公佈了《2002年氣候變化報告》。一些評論人士認為該報告已經在部分的支持京都議定書，儘管報告本身並沒有直接認可該公約。同年晚些時候，曾經調查過京都議定書法律地位的國會研究人員建議通過UNFCCC，這樣可以利用美國的影響力減少議定書中包含不利的條款和目標，而且由於總統並不能獨立的履行該公約，國會還可以根據自己的需要制定單獨的法律<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2005年6月，美國國務院的文件顯示當局認同了埃克森石油公司管理層的觀點，拒絕氣候變化的政策有利於公司擺脫財政困難更好的發展，這其中也包括對於京都議定書的態度。另外遊說團體「全球氣候聯合」（Global Climate Coalition）在此也發揮了一定的影響<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在2005年6月的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%9C%8B%E9%A6%96%E8%85%A6%E9%AB%98%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="八國首腦高峰會議">G8</a>會議上，美國政府正式宣佈願意承擔「發達國家可以做到的實際承諾，但前提是不損害經濟發展」。其實這一承諾和美國政府以前的一貫承諾——到2012年前把「碳密度」降低18%是如出一轍的<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（碳密度並非指大氣中的二氧化碳含量，而是指以GDP平均的二氧化碳排放量）。有人指出「碳密度」降低18%的實際情況是二氧化碳總排放量在增加<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>京都議定書的反對者的核心觀點是一旦實施該條約，環境將受益而經濟將受害。但有些觀點認為，如果美國政府對燃油徵收國稅的話，反而會大幅度的刺激經濟增長（大約每年有1000億美元）。因為石油生產國（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" title="沙特阿拉伯">沙特阿拉伯</a>、俄羅斯、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%94%E5%85%A7%E7%91%9E%E6%8B%89" title="委內瑞拉">委內瑞拉</a>等）現在正由於高油價而賺取巨額利潤，每桶原油的開採成本大約只有15美元，而市場銷售價高達60美元以上。燃油稅將會大幅降低石油的消費，自然也就會降低油價，同時美國政府每年還可以獲得2000億美元的稅收。消費者現在必須為別的更節能的技術而花錢（例如採用熱泵取暖而不是直接燃油取暖），但是政府可以把徵收的燃油稅一部分返還給消費者作為這部分投資，這樣又可以帶動環保企業的發展，最終會為整個行業帶來1170億美元的收益。高油價以及對替代技術的應用會使石油的消費減少9%，僅此已足以使美國達到京都議定書的排放要求<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%B7%B4%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="歐巴馬">歐巴馬</a>上任之初，國際間對他簽訂議定書寄望甚殷，但直至目前，美國仍未加入京都議定書。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="加拿大"><span id=".E5.8A.A0.E6.8B.BF.E5.A4.A7"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大"><img alt="加拿大" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> 加拿大</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：加拿大"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2002年12月17日，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="加拿大自由黨">自由黨</a>政府簽署了《京都議定書》。与此同时，众多的民意测验显示，对该条约的支持度大约在70%<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。当然也有反对者，主要是一些商业团体、少数气候研究的科学家和能源业人士，他们大多和美国政府持相同观点；另外也有一些人，是担心“美国不受京都议定书影响”会使加拿大在国际竞争中处于不利地位。到2005年为止，争论还仅限于<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%AF%E5%A1%94" class="mw-redirect" title="艾伯塔">艾伯塔</a>（加拿大最大的石油产地）政府和联邦政府之间的口水战。但是，还是有国家分裂的疑慮，尤其是艾伯塔地区。为了减轻这种担心，联邦政府将会争取更多把燃料卖给美国的指标，尤其是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%94" title="天然气">天然气</a>。 </p><p>2011年12月12日，加拿大<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E9%BB%A8" title="加拿大保守黨">保守黨</a>政府的环境部长<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="彼得·肯特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peter Kent"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E8%82%AF%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彼得·肯特（页面不存在）">肯特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Kent" class="extiw" title="en:Peter Kent"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peter Kent</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>宣布，加拿大将正式退出《京都议定书》。<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="澳大利亚"><span id=".E6.BE.B3.E5.A4.A7.E5.88.A9.E4.BA.9A"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚"><img alt="澳大利亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> 澳大利亚</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：澳大利亚"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亚</a>一开始拒绝了签署京都议定书。前<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亚总理">澳大利亚总理</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="约翰·霍华德">约翰·霍华德</a>声称该条约会减少澳大利亚人的工作机会，澳大利亚为减排做的已经够多的了。联邦中的反对党——<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亚工党">澳大利亚工党</a>，却完全支持京都议定书，这成为澳大利亚政治中最严重争论的议题。 </p><p>2005年7月28日澳大利亚政府和美国在一起签署了《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%AA%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%81%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E4%BC%99%E4%BC%B4%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚太清洁发展和气候伙伴关系（页面不存在）">亚太清洁发展和气候伙伴关系</a>》。 </p><p>之后，澳大利亚为了达到参加2005年马来西亚东亚峰会的要求已经补签了京都议定书。2007年12月3日，新上任的总理<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E5%85%8B%E6%96%87" title="陆克文">陆克文</a>代表澳大利亚正式签署了京都议定书。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="日本"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本"><img alt="日本" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> 日本</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：日本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由於該議定書以<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82" title="京都市">京都</a>為名，是世界上少數以日本地名命名的國際重要條約，日本官方與民間曾經普遍以此為榮。加上日本的環保技術較先進，因此日本不論是政府還是民間，當時都全力支持京都議定書。根據2009年的數據，日本已經能夠降低排出量，削減了超過4%。雖然未能達致要求，但望2012年前能夠符合議定書要求。<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>然而儘管日本控制了排放，到了2012年約滿後，實際發生的卻是日本拒絕進一步履行京都議定書之減排目標。至此，日本實質上已經退出此一以日本都市命名的國際條約。<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="印度"><span id=".E5.8D.B0.E5.BA.A6"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度"><img alt="印度" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> 印度</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：印度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2002年8月<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>签署了京都议定书。由于印度是条约控制框架以外的国家，所以也不受温室气体排放限制，僅是表示參加。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="普遍但有所区分的责任"><span id=".E6.99.AE.E9.81.8D.E4.BD.86.E6.9C.89.E6.89.80.E5.8C.BA.E5.88.86.E7.9A.84.E8.B4.A3.E4.BB.BB"></span>普遍但有所区分的责任</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：普遍但有所区分的责任"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一些发达国家对<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="发展中国家">发展中国家</a>的态度已经在发展中国家中受到了批评。例如，UNFCCC同意建立一套“普遍但有所区分的责任”，参与国达成了以下共识： </p> <ul><li>无论从历史上还是现在来看，发达国家都是主要的温室气体排放国；</li> <li>发展中国家的人均排放量还是很低的；</li> <li>发展中国家的排放控制应该和他们的社会发展水平相适应。<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>另一方面，中国、印度以及其他的发展中国家目前被京都议定书豁免，是因为他们并没有在工业化时期大量排放温室气体并造成当今全球的气候变化。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="支持意见"><span id=".E6.94.AF.E6.8C.81.E6.84.8F.E8.A7.81"></span>支持意见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：支持意见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>支持京都议定书的人强调减少温室气体排放至关重要，他们认为正是二氧化碳引起<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96" title="全球变暖">全球变暖</a>。 </p><p>凡是本国国会批准了该项条约的国家政府都是支持该条约的。这当中尤为突出的是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="欧盟">欧盟</a>和许多环保组织。联合国和一些独立科学研究机构（甚至包括G8国家的科研机构）也都有报告从不同的角度支持京都议定书。 </p><p>2005年12月3日被提议为国际行动日，也是<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%94" title="蒙特利尔">蒙特利尔</a>会议举行的时间。这一提议已经被<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%BA%E5%9D%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="世界社会论坛">世界社会论坛</a>所认可<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="美国民间的支持"><span id=".E7.BE.8E.E5.9B.BD.E6.B0.91.E9.97.B4.E7.9A.84.E6.94.AF.E6.8C.81"></span>美国民间的支持</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：美国民间的支持"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在美国至少有一个学生组织“Kyoto Now!”致力于发动学生们的影响来支持京都议定书减少排放的目标。到2004年11月15日为止，九个美国东北部的州加入了“区域温室气体行动”组织（Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative，RGGI）<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.rggi.org/">[1]</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080727015714/http://www.rggi.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），这是一个州一级的温室气体交易机制。有人相信通过州一级的项目显示即使联邦政府没有通过京都议定书也同样实现减排，这将会对联邦政府构成压力。 </p> <ul><li>正式成员：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%9E" title="缅因州">缅因州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="马萨诸塞州">马萨诸塞州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BD%95%E5%B8%83%E4%BB%80%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%9E" title="新罕布什尔州">新罕布什尔州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%B7%9E" title="佛蒙特州">佛蒙特州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%E5%B2%9B%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="罗德岛州">罗德岛州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%B6%85%E7%8B%84%E6%A0%BC%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="康涅狄格州">康涅狄格州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E5%B7%9E" title="纽约州">纽约州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B3%BD%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%9E" title="新泽西州">新泽西州</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%8E%E5%B7%9E" title="特拉华州">特拉华州</a>(前六个州构成<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="新英格兰">新英格兰</a>地区，属于传统的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="民主黨 (美國)">民主党</a>州)。</li> <li>观察员：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BE%E5%A4%95%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="宾夕法尼亚州">宾夕法尼亚州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%B7%9E" title="马里兰州">马里兰州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%BA" title="华盛顿哥伦比亚特区">华盛顿哥伦比亚特区</a>和加拿大东部省。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="反对意见"><span id=".E5.8F.8D.E5.AF.B9.E6.84.8F.E8.A7.81"></span>反对意见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：反对意见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="对贫困人口的影响"><span id=".E5.AF.B9.E8.B4.AB.E5.9B.B0.E4.BA.BA.E5.8F.A3.E7.9A.84.E5.BD.B1.E5.93.8D"></span>对贫困人口的影响</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：对贫困人口的影响"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>很多人认为《京都议定书》基于一个尚存在争议的观点而企图减少碳排放，将会增加世界上的贫困人口，减少贫困国家致富的可能性，是不道德的。（如纪录片《<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%9A%96%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E9%A8%99%E5%B1%80" title="全球暖化大騙局">全球暖化大騙局</a>》） </p><p>对于贫困国家来说，火电厂是唯一廉价、高效的电能获取方式，建立火电厂能有效促进贫困地区的工业发展，提高人民生活水平。如果为了减少碳排放，很多环保组织反对兴建火电厂，要求使用风能等“环保能源”，但风能是无法用于大规模工业生产的，这等于阻断了贫困地区进步的道路。（尽管《京都议定书》对发展中国家的碳排放并无强制性规定，但不少环保分子确实存在以上想法） </p><p>许多商家把“低碳”作为一种宣传手段，但是低碳產品往往比普通產品更加昂貴，如果强制放弃普通產品而改用昂貴的低碳產品会加重贫困人口的生活负担，是很不道德的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他观点"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E8.A7.82.E7.82.B9"></span>其他观点</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：其他观点"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>反对京都议定书的国家是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>，而其政府的态度也是基于大多数公众的观点。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </p><p>許多人一向对全球变暖与温室气體排放的关系表示质疑，他们认为京都议定书是一个险恶的计划，它或者会延缓世界的工业化民主进程，或者会把财富以“全球<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="社会主义">社会主义</a>”向<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="第三世界">第三世界</a>国家转移。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup><br /> </p><p>某些批评家说关于全球变暖的根本科学问题还未解决。而另一些批评家则认为京都议定书会阻碍经济增长： </p> <ul><li>美国首都规划委员会<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>美国能源部<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>新西兰国家银行<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>1997年<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%B1%E6%AF%94%E9%94%A1%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莱比锡宣言（页面不存在）">莱比锡宣言</a>把京都议定书说成是“危险的简单化，极无效率的，并且在经济上对工作和生活水平具有破坏作用”。但是，莱比锡宣言的签字人大多是非科学家或在气候研究领域并不擅长的人。 </p><p>有人认为京都议定书对于控制温室气体排放做得不够（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E5%9F%83%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="纽埃岛">纽埃岛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="库克群岛">库克群岛</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%99%E9%B2%81" class="mw-redirect" title="瑙鲁">瑙鲁</a>在通过条约时加上了这点<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041121131004/http://unfccc.int/resource/kpstats.pdf">[2]</a>），并且标准也定得太低，对延缓气候变化的趋势收效甚微。此外，最近对种植“京都森林”或人工植树造林可以减小二氧化碳排放，提高碳排放额度的规定又有了来自科学方面的挑战。最新的证据表明在小树苗生长的最初十年会将泥土中吸收的二氧化碳释放到空气中，不但不会减少二氧化碳，反而造成二氧化碳排放量的增加，而很多工业化国家已经把植树作为提高碳排放额度的重要方法以尽量避免硬性降低能源消耗减排。这一发现又进一步挑战了京都议定书的有效性。但是这一研究还表明十年后的树木对于减少大气中的二氧化碳还是有益的，支持者认为该研究至多只是为改良排放额度的算法提供了依据，却不足以彻底推翻植树造林对减轻温室效应的好处。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </p><p>此外，一些理论家<sup id="cite_ref-#1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>预言，即使世界主要工业化国家同意按照议定书规定的限额减少温室气体排放，整个世界范围内的排放量依然不会减少。如果工业化国家为了达标削减对化石燃料的使用，由于供需情况发生改变会导致世界范围内的<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A4" title="煤">煤</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9" title="石油">石油</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%94" title="天然气">天然气</a>价格下跌，然后发展中国家就会增加用量，这些理论家预计非附件国家对燃料（主要是煤）需求的增长会弥补附件国家的减少量。但是这种预计却完全出自理论家们的主观想法，而缺少客观依据。 </p><p>也有人认为京都议定书错误设定了“可持续性”的主要议题。在一方面同意建立一个减少温室气体排放的国际先例时，另一方面却忽视其他的可持续发展课题，例如减缓非附件I国家迅速的人口增长率<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，这显示京都议定书代表了一种反工业化的议程，而不是确实公平的解决气候变化问题。但反对该说法的观点认为京都议定书只负责减少温室气体排放和减轻大气温室效应的问题，而其他“可持续性”问题自然有其他相关专业的公约去解决。赞同京都议定书的国家是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>，而其政府的态度也是基于大多数公众的观点。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="成本效益分析"><span id=".E6.88.90.E6.9C.AC.E6.95.88.E7.9B.8A.E5.88.86.E6.9E.90"></span>成本效益分析</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：成本效益分析"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>尽管存在巨大的不确定性，对京都议定书进行成本效益分析还是可能的。有经济分析认为京都议定书比由此减缓全球变暖而得到的好处更昂贵，而最近“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%93%88%E6%A0%B9%E8%88%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哥本哈根舆论（页面不存在）">哥本哈根舆论</a>”项目分析发现议定书还有好处的，尽管比不上理想化的二氧化碳税。协议的支持者们认为不管这次温室气体能削减排放多少，这都为未来更大规模的削减排放设置了一个成功的政治先例，他们寄希望于“预防机制”。<sup id="cite_ref-#1_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; 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UNFCC Homepage. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2012]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160404010136/http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/status_of_ratification/items/2613.php">存档</a>于2016-04-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&rft.btitle=Status+of+ratification&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=UNFCC+Homepage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funfccc.int%2Fkyoto_protocol%2Fstatus_of_ratification%2Fitems%2F2613.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf">存档副本</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-11-04</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111005085911/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2011-10-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funfccc.int%2Fresource%2Fdocs%2Fconvkp%2Fkpeng.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/status_of_ratification/items/2613.php">Status of Ratification</a>. unfccc.int. 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title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2017年11月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/27/AR2005092701461.html">http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/27/AR2005092701461.html</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200808145340/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/27/AR2005092701461.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051126162355/http://www.ipsos-na.com/news/pressrelease.cfm?id=1667">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-11-15</span>]</span>. （<a 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href="http://www.ekos.com/admin/articles/10June02KyotoProt.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2005-10-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekos.com%2Fadmin%2Farticles%2F10June02KyotoProt.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://finance.sina.com.cn/world/mzjj/20111213/081510982362.shtml">加拿大环境部长宣布将正式退出京都议定书</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-12-13</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-12-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200808145311/http://www.env.go.jp/press/file_view.php?serial=17385&hou_id=13722">存档</a>于2020-08-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&rft.btitle=2009%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%88%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%9021%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%89%E3%81%AE%E6%B8%A9%E5%AE%A4%E5%8A%B9%E6%9E%9C%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B9%E6%8E%92%E5%87%BA%E9%87%8F%EF%BC%88%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A%E5%80%A4%EF%BC%89%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%EF%BC%88%E3%81%8A%E7%9F%A5%E3%82%89%E3%81%9B%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.env.go.jp%2Fpress%2Ffile_view.php%3Fserial%3D17385%26hou_id%3D13722&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100430010553/http://unfccc.int/essential_background/convention/background/items/1349.php">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-03-30</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unfccc.int/essential_background/convention/background/items/1349.php">原始内容</a>存档于2010-04-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funfccc.int%2Fessential_background%2Fconvention%2Fbackground%2Fitems%2F1349.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051018205601/http://www.globefox.com/cacc/globalclimatecampaign.html">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-11-04</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globefox.com/cacc/globalclimatecampaign.html">原始内容</a>存档于2005-10-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globefox.com%2Fcacc%2Fglobalclimatecampaign.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051104144252/http://www.accf.org/publications/testimonies/test-impactkyoto-march25-1999.html">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-11-15</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accf.org/publications/testimonies/test-impactkyoto-march25-1999.html">原始内容</a>存档于2005-11-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accf.org%2Fpublications%2Ftestimonies%2Ftest-impactkyoto-march25-1999.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/kyoto/kyotobrf.html">Economic Effects of a Complex Agreement Depend on Many Assumptions</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-11-04</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060927103213/http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/kyoto/kyotobrf.html">存档</a>于2006-09-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&rft.btitle=Economic+Effects+of+a+Complex+Agreement+Depend+on+Many+Assumptions&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.doe.gov%2Foiaf%2Fkyoto%2Fkyotobrf.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/13519/newsDate/30-Nov-2001/story.htm">Kyoto pact could see weak NZ economic growth</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-11-04</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150507064512/http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/13519/newsDate/30-Nov-2001/story.htm">存档</a>于2015-05-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&rft.btitle=Kyoto+pact+could+see+weak+NZ+economic+growth&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetark.org%2Fdailynewsstory.cfm%2Fnewsid%2F13519%2FnewsDate%2F30-Nov-2001%2Fstory.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#1-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#1_31-0"><sup><b>31.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_31-1"><sup><b>31.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080910021644/http://www.uoguelph.ca/~rmckitri/research/australia.pdf">存档副本</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-02-26</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uoguelph.ca/~rmckitri/research/australia.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2008-09-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uoguelph.ca%2F~rmckitri%2Fresearch%2Faustralia.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051122163307/http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/Papers/gkh1/alltab.htm">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-11-04</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/Papers/gkh1/alltab.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2005-11-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iiasa.ac.at%2FResearch%2FLUC%2FPapers%2Fgkh1%2Falltab.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：议定书"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tri.org.tw/unfccc/download/kp_c.pdf">聯合國氣候變化框架公約京都議定書(中文pdf版本)</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090306063828/http://www.tri.org.tw/unfccc/download/kp_c.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.html">京都议定书(英文HTML版本)</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090825212122/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf">(PDF版本)</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20111005085911/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051029020131/http://law-ref.org/KYOTO/index.html">Law-Ref.org网站的材料</a> - 相关协定和交叉引用材料的索引目录</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kpstats.pdf">[3]</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110305231910/http://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kpstats.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） - 簽署京都议定书国家的名单(PDF版本)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="评论"><span id=".E8.AF.84.E8.AE.BA"></span>评论</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：评论"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrdc.org/media/pressreleases/010615.asp">对中国温室气体排放的第二次验证</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160303204530/http://www.nrdc.org/media/pressreleases/010615.asp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）源自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然资源保护委员会（页面不存在）">自然资源保护委员会</a>。这是一个对中国经济发展造成的气体排放的综合评估</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chinese-school.netfirms.com/news-article-China-Kyoto-Protocol.html">中国通过京都议定书</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201114000051/http://chinese-school.netfirms.com/news-article-China-Kyoto-Protocol.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greens.org/s-r/24/24-26.html">COP6会议的全球悲剧</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130516142128/http://www.greens.org/s-r/24/24-26.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/now/thisweek/index_012304.html">京都赞歌：工业化国家试图混淆公众的隐秘行动</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200808145421/http://www.pbs.org/now/thisweek/index_012304.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） - 2004年1月23日<a href="/wiki/PBS" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS">PBS</a>的广播' <i>NOW with Bill Moyers</i> (<a href="/wiki/RealVideo" title="RealVideo">RealVideo</a>格式)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051112092954/http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/002119.html">京都节快乐</a> - Jamais Cascio关于京都议定书所写的文章</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051101010626/http://www.junkscience.com/MSU_Temps/Kyoto_Count_Up.htm">京都议定书评估</a> - junkscience.com的京都议定书成果评估，包括了时间计算</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalissues.org/EnvIssues/GlobalWarming/Justice.asp">气候公正</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080828043021/http://www.globalissues.org/EnvIssues/GlobalWarming/Justice.asp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a 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title="Template talk:联合国气候变化框架公约"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:联合国气候变化框架公约"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="联合国气候变化框架公约" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="联合国气候变化框架公约">联合国气候变化框架公约</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">正式活动</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="联合国气候变化框架公约">联合国气候变化框架公约</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="联合国气候变化大会">缔约方会议（COP）</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">京都议定书</a>缔约方会议（CMP）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="巴黎協定">巴黎協定</a>締約方會議（CMA）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">会议</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1995年聯合國氣候變化大會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="1995 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995年聯合國氣候變化大會（页面不存在）">COP1 (柏林，1995年)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="extiw" title="en:1995 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span lang="en" dir="auto">1995 United Nations Climate Change Conference</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1996年聯合國氣候變化大會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="1996 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1996%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1996年聯合國氣候變化大會（页面不存在）">COP2 (日內瓦，1996年)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="extiw" title="en:1996 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span lang="en" dir="auto">1996 United Nations Climate Change Conference</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1997年聯合國氣候變化大會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="1997 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1997%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1997年聯合國氣候變化大會（页面不存在）">COP3 (京都，1997年)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="extiw" title="en:1997 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span lang="en" dir="auto">1997 United Nations Climate Change Conference</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1998年聯合國氣候變化大會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="1998 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1998%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1998年聯合國氣候變化大會（页面不存在）">COP4 (布宜諾斯艾利斯，1998年)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="extiw" title="en:1998 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span lang="en" dir="auto">1998 United Nations Climate Change Conference</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1999年聯合國氣候變化大會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="1999 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999年聯合國氣候變化大會（页面不存在）">COP5 (Bonn, 1999年)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="extiw" title="en:1999 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span lang="en" dir="auto">1999 United Nations Climate Change Conference</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2005年聯合國氣候變化大會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="2005 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2005%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2005年聯合國氣候變化大會（页面不存在）">COP11/CMP 1（蒙特婁，2005年）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="extiw" title="en:2005 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span lang="en" dir="auto">2005 United Nations Climate Change Conference</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2006年聯合國氣候變化大會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="2006 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2006%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2006年聯合國氣候變化大會（页面不存在）">COP12/CMP2（奈洛比，2006年）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="extiw" title="en:2006 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span lang="en" dir="auto">2006 United Nations Climate Change Conference</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="2007年联合国气候变化大会">COP13/CMP3（巴厘，2007年）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" title="2008年聯合國氣候變化大會">COP14/CMP4（波茲南，2008年）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="2009年联合国气候变化大会">COP15/CMP5（哥本哈根，2009年）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" title="2010年聯合國氣候變化大會">COP16/CMP6（坎昆，2010年）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="2011年联合国气候变化大会">COP17/CMP7（德班，2011年）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2012年联合国气候变化大会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012年联合国气候变化大会（页面不存在）">COP18/CMP8（多哈，2012年）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="extiw" title="en:2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span lang="en" dir="auto">2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="2013年联合国气候变化大会">COP19/CMP9（华沙，2013年）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2014年联合国气候变化大会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="2014 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2014年联合国气候变化大会（页面不存在）">COP20/ CMP10（利马，2014年）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="extiw" title="en:2014 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span lang="en" dir="auto">2014 United Nations Climate Change Conference</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" title="2015年聯合國氣候變化大會">COP21/CMP11（巴黎，2015年）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2016年聯合國氣候變化大會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="2016 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2016年聯合國氣候變化大會（页面不存在）">COP22/CMP12/CMA1（馬拉喀什，2016年）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="extiw" title="en:2016 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span lang="en" dir="auto">2016 United Nations Climate Change Conference</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2017年聯合國氣候變化大會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="2017 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2017%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2017年聯合國氣候變化大會（页面不存在）">COP23/CMP13/CMA1.2（波恩，2017年）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="extiw" title="en:2017 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span lang="en" dir="auto">2017 United Nations Climate Change Conference</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2018年聯合國氣候變化大會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="2018 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2018年聯合國氣候變化大會（页面不存在）">COP24/CMP14/CMA1.3（卡托維茲，2018年）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="extiw" title="en:2018 United Nations Climate Change Conference"><span lang="en" dir="auto">2018 United Nations Climate Change Conference</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="2019年联合国气候变化大会">COP25/CMP15/CMA2（馬德里，2019年）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" title="2021年聯合國氣候變化大會">COP26/CMP16/CMA3（格拉斯哥，2021年）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" title="2022年聯合國氣候變化大會">COP27/CMP17/CMA4（沙姆沙伊赫，2022年）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" title="2023年聯合國氣候變化大會">COP28/CMP18/CMA5（杜拜，2023年）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" title="2024年聯合國氣候變化大會">COP29/CMP19/CMA6（巴庫，2024年）</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2025年聯合國氣候變化大會（页面不存在）">COP30/CMP20/CMA7（貝倫，2025年）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="世界政府">世界政府</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">理论</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9_(%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82)" title="超國家主義 (國際關係)">超国家主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="联邦主义">联邦主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%96%93%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="政府間主義">政府間主義</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反民族主义（页面不存在）">反民族主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96" title="全球化">全球化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E8%AE%BA" title="民主和平论">民主和平论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%E8%A7%80%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="價值觀外交">價值觀外交</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="全球帝国">全球帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="世界主义">世界主义</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超国家联盟（页面不存在）">超国家联盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3" title="世界和平">世界和平</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6" title="单一制">单一制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E5%88%B6" title="复合制">複合制</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A6%E8%81%94%E5%88%B6" title="邦联制">邦联制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%88%B6" title="联邦制">联邦制</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="全球主義">全球主義</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">主要<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="国际组织">国际组织</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国（UN）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="红十字国际委员会">红十字国际委员会（ICRC）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%8E%E7%BA%A2%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%88%E4%BC%9A%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A" title="红十字会与红新月会国际联合会">红十字会与红新月会国际联合会（IFRC）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E5%9C%8B%E7%95%8C%E9%86%AB%E7%94%9F" title="無國界醫生">無國界醫生（MSF）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%89%B9%E8%B5%A6%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="國際特赦組織">國際特赦組織（Amnesty）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F" title="人权观察">人權觀察組織（HRW）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="世界贸易组织">世界贸易组织（WTO）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="世界银行">世界银行（WBG）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="國際貨幣基金組織">国际货币基金组织（IMF）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%88%91%E8%AD%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="国际刑警组织">国际刑警组织（ICPO）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%8C%96%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="國際標準化組織">国际标准化组织（ISO）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="無代表國家和民族組織">無代表國家及民族組織（UNPO）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">国际议会组织</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="各国议会联盟">各国议会联盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="联合国大会">联合国大会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="欧洲议会">欧洲议会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉伯议会">阿拉伯议会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E9%9D%9E%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="泛非议会">泛非议会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="拉丁美洲议会">拉美议会</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">国际司法机构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E8%AE%BE%E4%BB%B2%E8%A3%81%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="常设仲裁法院">常设仲裁法院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="国际法院">国际法院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="国际刑事法院">国际刑事法院</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="特設國際刑事庭" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">特設國際刑事庭</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E4%BC%A6%E5%A0%A1%E5%AE%A1%E5%88%A4" title="纽伦堡审判">欧洲国际军事法庭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9C%E4%B8%9C%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" title="远东国际军事法庭">远东国际军事法庭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" title="前南斯拉夫问题国际刑事法庭">前南斯拉夫问题国际刑事法庭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" title="卢旺达问题国际刑事法庭">卢旺达问题国际刑事法庭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" title="柬埔寨法院特別法庭">柬埔寨法院特別法庭</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E5%B8%9D%E6%B1%B6%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东帝汶国际法庭（页面不存在）">东帝汶国际法庭</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9%E7%89%B9%E5%88%AB%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合国黎巴嫩特别法庭（页面不存在）">联合国黎巴嫩特别法庭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E5%88%A9%E6%98%82%E7%89%B9%E5%88%AB%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" title="塞拉利昂特别法庭">塞拉利昂特别法庭</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="區域性法庭" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">區域性法庭</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美洲国家人权法庭（页面不存在）">美洲国家人权法庭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="欧洲法院">欧洲法院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="欧洲人权法院">欧洲人权法院</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非洲法庭（页面不存在）">非洲法庭</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加勒比法庭（页面不存在）">加勒比法庭</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">區域性组织</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%AA%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="亚太经济合作组织">亚洲太平洋经济合作组织（APEC）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="东南亚国家联盟">东南亚国家联盟（ASEAN）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93" title="太平洋共同体">太平洋共同体（SPC）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E5%B2%9B%E5%9B%BD%E8%AE%BA%E5%9D%9B" title="太平洋岛国论坛">太平洋岛国论坛（PIF）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="上海合作组织">上海合作组织（SCO）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6" title="英联邦">英联邦（The Commonwealth）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%9D%9E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93" title="西非国家经济共同体">西非国家经济共同体（CEDEAO）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93" title="中部非洲国家经济共同体">中部非洲国家经济共同体（CEEAC）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="葡萄牙語國家共同體">葡萄牙語國家共同體 (CPLP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%8A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="法语国家及地区国际组织">法语国家及地区国际组织（La Francophonie）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="北大西洋公约组织">北大西洋公约组织（NATO）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="集体安全条约组织">集体安全条约组织（CSTO）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="经济合作与发展组织">经济合作与发展组织（OECD）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="欧洲委员会">欧洲委员会（CoE）（非欧盟机构）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟">欧洲联盟（EU）</a></li> <li><s> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="拉丁语联盟">拉丁语联盟（LU）</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="非洲联盟">非洲联盟（AU）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="阿拉伯国家联盟">阿拉伯国家联盟（AL）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="伊斯兰合作组织">伊斯兰合作组织（OIC）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="经济合作组织">经济合作组织（ECO）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="突厥國家組織">突厥國家組織（CCTS）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E4%BA%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧亚经济联盟">欧亚经济联盟（EEU）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="南亚区域合作联盟">南亚区域合作联盟（SAARC）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93" title="东非共同体">东非共同体（EAC）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="加勒比国家联盟">加勒比國家聯盟（ACS）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E7%B5%B1%E5%90%88%E9%AB%94" title="中美洲統合體">中美洲统合体（SICA）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="南美洲国家联盟">南美洲国家联盟（USAN）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93" title="拉丁美洲和加勒比国家共同体">拉丁美洲和加勒比國家共同體（CELAC）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="美洲国家组织">美洲国家组织（OAS）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%AC%AC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93" title="安第斯共同体">安第斯共同体（CAN）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E9%AB%94" title="獨立國家聯合體">獨立國家聯合體（CIS）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4" title="南方共同市場">南方共同市場（Mercosur）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AE%BE%E6%96%BD%E6%8A%95%E8%B5%84%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="亚洲基础设施投资银行">亚洲基础设施投资银行（AIIB）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="七大工業國組織">七国集团（G7）</a> <ul><li><s><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="八大工業國組織">八国集团（G8）</a></s></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" title="二十國集團">二十国集团（G20）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%A0%96%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="金砖国家">金砖国家（BRICS）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E5%85%A8%E9%9D%A2%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E4%BC%99%E4%BC%B4%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A" title="区域全面经济伙伴关系协定">区域全面经济伙伴关系协定（RCEP）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E9%9D%A2%E4%B8%8E%E8%BF%9B%E6%AD%A5%E8%B7%A8%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E4%BC%99%E4%BC%B4%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定">全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定（CPTPP）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E8%B5%AB%E5%8B%92%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="薩赫勒國家聯盟">薩赫勒國家聯盟（AES）</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%B5%AB%E5%8B%92%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%82%A6%E8%81%94" title="萨赫勒国家邦联">萨赫勒国家邦联</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">法律和条约</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%B3%95" title="国际法">国际法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E4%BA%BA%E9%81%93%E6%B3%95" title="國際人道法">國際人道法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%A7%81%E6%B3%95" title="国际私法">国际私法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E5%AE%AA%E7%AB%A0" title="国际人权宪章">國際人權憲章</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超国家法（页面不存在）">超国家法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%86%85%E7%93%A6%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="日内瓦公约">日内瓦公约</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E8%A7%A3%E6%B1%BA%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%88%AD%E7%AB%AF%E8%AD%B0%E5%AE%9A%E6%9B%B8" title="和平解決國際爭端議定書">和平解決國際爭端議定書</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E7%AB%A0" title="联合国宪章">联合国宪章</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E8%A7%84%E7%BA%A6" title="国际刑事法院罗马规约">国际刑事法院罗马规约</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">京都议定书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="歐洲聯盟基本條約">歐洲聯盟基本條約</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="欧盟法律">欧盟法律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="巴黎協定">巴黎協定</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%99%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="海牙和平会议">海牙和平会议</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="国际联盟">国际联盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B2%99%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="华沙条约组织">华沙条约组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85" title="第三国际">共产国际</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="世界革命">世界革命</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%B1%E6%A6%AE%E5%9C%88" title="大東亞共榮圈">大東亞共榮圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="经济互助委员会">经济互助委员会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大英帝国">大英帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" title="帝國聯邦">帝國聯邦</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">建议和观念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="世界政府">世界政府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="联合国议会大会">联合国议会大会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%90%88%E4%BC%97%E5%9B%BD" title="非洲合众国">非洲合众国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%9D%9E%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6" title="东非联邦">東非聯邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="中亚联盟">中亚联盟</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太平洋同盟（页面不存在）">太平洋同盟</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北美洲联盟（页面不存在）">北美洲联盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E7%BE%85%E5%B7%B4%E5%90%88%E7%9C%BE%E5%9C%8B" title="歐羅巴合眾國">歐羅巴合眾國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CANZUK" title="CANZUK">CANZUK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E9%AB%94" title="東亞共同體">東亞共同體（EAC）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">国际运动</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%BA%A2%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E4%B8%8E%E7%BA%A2%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%88%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="国际红十字与红新月运动">国际红十字与红新月运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="民主输出">民主輸出</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世界联邦运动（页面不存在）">世界联邦运动</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球公民运动（页面不存在）">全球公民运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91" class="mw-disambig" title="世界公民">世界公民</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%84%E5%BF%83%E5%A3%AF%E5%BF%97%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="雄心壯志聯盟">雄心壯志聯盟</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">文化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="巴哈伊信仰">巴哈伊信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="人文主義">人文主義</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="宗教人文主义">宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="世俗人文主义">世俗</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC" title="普世價值">普世價值</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%BE%85%E5%8A%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="国际辅助语">国际辅助语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="世界语">世界语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E8%AF%AD" title="逻辑语">逻辑语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="國際手語">國際手語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%88%B6" title="公制">公制</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%88%B6%E5%8C%96" title="公制化">公制化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="國際單位制">國際單位制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E7%A2%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="統一碼">統一碼</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="历法改革">改革曆法</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="人元紀年">人元紀年</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="第三文化兒童">第三文化兒童</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="污染" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="Template:污染"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="Template talk:污染"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:污染"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="污染" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="污染">污染</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="污染类型" data-lang-code="d" data-lang-name="維基數據" data-foreign-title="Q129676813"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="污染类型（页面不存在）">污染类型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">維基數據</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129676813" class="extiw" title="d:Q129676813"><span lang="d" dir="auto">Q129676813</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="空氣污染">空氣污染</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%9B%A8" title="酸雨">酸雨</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%9B%A8" title="碱雨">碱雨</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81%E7%83%9F%E9%9C%9E" title="北极烟霞">北极雾霾</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E6%93%B4%E6%95%A3%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" title="大氣擴散模式">大氣擴散模式</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E9%BB%AF%E5%8C%96" title="全球黯化">全球黯化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%9A%B1%E8%9C%A2%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" title="蚱蜢效應">蚱蜢效應</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96" title="全球变暖">全球变暖</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7%E5%B1%82%E7%A9%BA%E6%B4%9E" title="臭氧层空洞">臭氧层空洞</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E4%BB%A3%E7%83%B7%E7%83%83" title="卤代烷烃">氯氟碳化合物</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B8%E6%B5%AE%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="懸浮粒子">懸浮粒子</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%85%99%E9%9C%A7" title="煙霧">煙霧</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%BE" title="霾">霾</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E6%BA%B6%E8%83%B6" title="气溶胶">气溶胶</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="水污染">水污染</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E5%8C%96" title="富营养化">富营养化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9" title="海洋廢棄物">海洋廢棄物</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E5%A4%96%E6%B4%A9" title="油外洩">油外洩</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="熱污染">熱污染</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%BE%84%E6%B5%81" title="城市径流">城市径流</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B3%AA" title="水質">水質</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E6%B0%B4" title="死水">死水</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4" title="生活污水">生活污水</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%A8%E9%80%95%E6%B5%81" title="地表逕流">地表逕流</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B8%E6%B5%AE%E5%9B%BA%E9%AB%94" title="懸浮固體">懸浮固體</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="土地污染">土地污染</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%AE%E5%BE%A9" title="生物修復">生物修復</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%AE%E5%BE%A9" title="植物修復">植物修复</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%A4%E8%8D%89%E5%89%82" title="除草剂">除草剂</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E8%8D%AF" title="农药">农药</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%AF%92%E9%87%8D%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="有毒重金屬">重金属</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E5%AE%B3" title="肥害">肥害</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="放射性污染">放射性污染</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="核裂变产物">核裂变产物</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%90%BD%E4%B8%8B%E7%81%B0" title="放射性落下灰">放射性落下灰</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%97%87" title="急性辐射综合症">急性辐射综合症</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他污染</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%B9%E6%BA%90%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="点源污染">点源污染</a> / <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非点源污染" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nonpoint source pollution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E7%82%B9%E6%BA%90%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非点源污染（页面不存在）">非点源污染</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonpoint_source_pollution" class="extiw" title="en:Nonpoint source pollution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nonpoint source pollution</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B3%B6%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="熱島現象">熱島現象</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AE%B3" title="光害">光害</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%99%AA%E9%9F%B3%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="噪音污染">噪音污染</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="基因污染">基因污染</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="工业污染">工業污染</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%88%B9%E8%88%B6%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="船舶污染">船舶污染</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%89%A9" title="污染物">污染物</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE" title="垃圾">垃圾</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%81%E4%B9%85%E6%80%A7%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%89%A9" title="持久性有機污染物">持久性有機污染物</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%88%86%E6%B3%8C%E5%B9%B2%E6%93%BE%E7%89%A9" title="內分泌干擾物">內分泌干擾物</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E9%9B%8C%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0" title="環境雌激素">環境雌激素</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="Category:污染控制技術">污染控制</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%9B%91%E6%B5%8B" title="环境监测">环境监测</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6" title="資源回收">資源回收</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="垃圾分類">垃圾分類</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%89%A9%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="污染物排放控制">污染物排放控制</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="环境污染控制">環境污染控制</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E6%B1%A1%E6%B3%A5%E6%B3%95" title="活性污泥法">活性污泥法</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/SBR%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA" title="SBR污水处理工艺">SBR污水处理工艺</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%86%9C%E6%B3%95" title="生物膜法">生物膜法</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%8C%E6%B0%A7%E6%B3%95" title="厌氧法">厌氧法</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%81%E5%BC%8F%E5%8E%8C%E6%B0%A7%E6%B1%A1%E6%B3%A5%E5%BA%8A" title="上流式厌氧污泥床">上流式厌氧污泥床</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4%E5%A6%A5%E5%96%84%E8%99%95%E7%90%86%E7%8E%87" title="污水妥善處理率">污水妥善處理率</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="污水處理">污水處理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8B%E9%A2%A8%E5%88%86%E9%9B%A2" title="旋風分離">旋風分離</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%8F%91%E9%85%B5" title="工业发酵">工業發酵</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%86%E5%A1%AB" title="堆填">填埋</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E7%84%9A%E7%83%A7" title="垃圾焚烧">垃圾焚烧</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E5%BA%9F%E5%BC%83%E7%89%A9%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%84%E7%BD%AE" title="固体废弃物的处理与处置">固体废弃物的处理与处置</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="水污染控制">水污染控制</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">對生物的影響</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%94%BE%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="生物放大作用">生物放大作用</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B4%AF%E7%A9%8D" title="生物累積">生物累積性</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%BF%83%E7%B8%AE%E6%80%A7" title="生物濃縮性">生物濃縮性</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%BE%E5%AE%B3" title="灾害">事故</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="Template:亞洲污染">亞洲污染</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="水污染事故列表">水污染事故列表</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%A1%91%E4%BB%81%E6%AD%A6%E5%BB%A0%E6%B1%99%E6%9F%93%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="台塑仁武廠汙染事件">台塑仁武廠汙染事件</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5%E9%89%9B%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92%E6%A1%88" title="湖南省兒童鉛中毒案">湖南省兒童鉛中毒案</a><span 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href="/wiki/2010%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%9E%E6%96%B0%E6%B8%AF%E6%BA%A2%E6%B2%B9%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" title="2010年大连新港溢油事故">2010年大連新港輸油管道爆炸</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AC%E8%8E%B119-3%E6%B2%B9%E7%94%B0%E6%BA%A2%E6%B2%B9%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" title="蓬莱19-3油田溢油事故">2011年中海油康菲渤海湾油田溢油事故</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%B3%E8%B0%B7%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="马斯河谷事件">马斯河谷事件</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/1986%E5%B9%B4%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="1986年莱茵河污染事件">1986年莱茵河污染事件</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="多诺拉事件">多诺拉事件</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/1952%E5%B9%B4%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6%E7%85%99%E9%9C%A7%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="1952年倫敦煙霧事件">1952年倫敦煙霧事件</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">國際公約</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" title="巴塞爾公約">巴塞爾公約</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%94%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6" title="蒙特利尔议定书">蒙特利尔议定书</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">京都议定书</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" title="斯德哥爾摩公約">斯德哥爾摩公約</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E6%AD%A2%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" title="防止海洋石油污染國際公約">防止海洋石油污染國際公約</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E6%AD%A2%E8%88%B9%E8%88%B6%E6%B1%99%E6%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" title="防止船舶汙染國際公約">防止船舶汙染國際公約</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="巴黎協定">巴黎協定</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E4%BF%A3%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="水俣公约">水俁公約</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">政策</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E8%80%85%E8%87%AA%E4%BB%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87" title="污染者自付原則">污染者自付原則</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%89%A9%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="控制污染物排放政策">控制污染物排放政策</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E6%BA%90%E7%9B%91%E6%B5%8B" title="污染源监测">污染源監測</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%90%8D%E5%BD%95" class="mw-redirect" title="环境组织名录">主要組織</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="美国国家环境保护局">美國環保局</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%BD%B2" title="歐洲環境署">歐洲環境署</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="環境省">日本環境省</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E9%83%A8" title="中華民國環境部">中華民國環境部</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E9%83%A8" title="中华人民共和国生态环境部">中華人民共和國生態環境部</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E7%BD%B2_(%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF)" title="環境保護署 (香港)">香港環保署</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E8%89%B2%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3" title="绿色和平">绿色和平</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E9%BB%A8" title="綠黨">綠黨</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%84%E5%BF%83%E5%A3%AF%E5%BF%97%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="雄心壯志聯盟">雄心壯志聯盟</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="全球变暖" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96" title="Template:全球变暖"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:全球变暖（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:全球变暖"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="全球变暖" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96" title="全球变暖">全球变暖</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="纵览" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">纵览</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%9C%9F%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%B8%E5%9B%A0" title="近期氣候變化的歸因">近期氣候變化的歸因</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="气候系统">气候系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96%E7%9A%84%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="全球变暖的效应">全球变暖的效应</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="减缓气候变化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Climate change mitigation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%8F%E7%BC%93%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="减缓气候变化（页面不存在）">减缓气候变化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" class="extiw" title="en:Climate change mitigation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Climate change mitigation</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="适应气候变化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Climate change adaptation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="适应气候变化（页面不存在）">适应气候变化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_adaptation" class="extiw" title="en:Climate change adaptation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Climate change adaptation</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Category:各国各地区气候变化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Category:Climate change by country and region"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%84%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:各国各地区气候变化（页面不存在）">各国各地区</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Climate_change_by_country_and_region" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Climate change by country and region"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Category:Climate change by country and region</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="起因" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">起因</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">概况</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%9C%9F%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%B8%E5%9B%A0" title="近期氣候變化的歸因">近期氣候變化的歸因</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%AE%A4%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="温室效应">温室效应</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%B1%E8%AF%86" title="关于气候变化的科学共识">关于气候变化的科学观点</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">来源</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%AE%A4%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="温室气体">温室气体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="化石燃料">化石燃料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E7%A0%8D%E4%BC%90%E8%88%87%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" title="森林砍伐與氣候變化">森林砍伐</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土地利用，土地利用变化与林业" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Land use, land-use change, and forestry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%EF%BC%8C%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%8E%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土地利用，土地利用变化与林业（页面不存在）">土地利用，土地利用变化与林业</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use,_land-use_change,_and_forestry" class="extiw" title="en:Land use, land-use change, and forestry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Land use, land-use change, and forestry</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="历史" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">历史</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="氣候變化科學史">气候变化科学史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%87%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%A6%E5%B0%BC%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="斯万特·奥古斯特·阿伦尼乌斯">斯万特·奥古斯特·阿伦尼乌斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%BC%A2%E6%A3%AE" title="詹姆斯·漢森">詹姆斯·漢森</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E5%9F%BA%E6%9E%97" title="查尔斯·大卫·基林">查尔斯·大卫·基林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%96%93%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="政府間氣候變化專門委員會">政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="影响与议题" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96%E7%9A%84%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="全球变暖的效应">影响与议题</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">物理</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E7%AA%81%E8%AE%8A" title="氣候突變">氣候突變</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%BA%E6%B0%A7%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="缺氧事件">缺氧事件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7%E9%87%8B%E5%87%BA" title="北極甲烷釋出">北極甲烷釋出</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1" title="干旱">干旱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96" title="海洋酸化">海洋酸化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7%E5%B1%82%E7%A9%BA%E6%B4%9E" title="臭氧层空洞">臭氧层空洞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="气候变化的物理影响" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Physical impacts of climate change"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="气候变化的物理影响（页面不存在）">物理影响</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_impacts_of_climate_change" class="extiw" title="en:Physical impacts of climate change"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Physical impacts of climate change</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自1850年以来的冰川融解" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Retreat of glaciers since 1850"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA1850%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E6%9D%A5%E7%9A%84%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E8%9E%8D%E8%A7%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自1850年以来的冰川融解（页面不存在）">自1850年以来的冰川融解</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retreat_of_glaciers_since_1850" class="extiw" title="en:Retreat of glaciers since 1850"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Retreat of glaciers since 1850</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E4%B8%B4%E7%95%8C%E7%82%B9" title="气候临界点">气候临界点</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%87" title="海平面上升">海平面上升</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="季节蠕变" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Season creep"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%A3%E8%8A%82%E8%A0%95%E5%8F%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="季节蠕变（页面不存在）">季节蠕变</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Season_creep" class="extiw" title="en:Season creep"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Season creep</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="温盐环流停止" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shutdown of thermohaline circulation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%A9%E7%9B%90%E7%8E%AF%E6%B5%81%E5%81%9C%E6%AD%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="温盐环流停止（页面不存在）">温盐环流停止</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shutdown_of_thermohaline_circulation" class="extiw" title="en:Shutdown of thermohaline circulation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shutdown of thermohaline circulation</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">动植物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="气候变化与生态系统" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Climate change and ecosystems"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%8E%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="气候变化与生态系统（页面不存在）">气候变化与生态系统</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_and_ecosystems" class="extiw" title="en:Climate change and ecosystems"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Climate change and ecosystems</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%B0%8D%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF" title="氣候變化對植物多樣性的影響">对植物多样性的影响</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF" title="人類對海洋生物的影響">对海洋生物的影响</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全球变暖对海洋哺乳动物的影响" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Effects of global warming on marine mammals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96%E5%AF%B9%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球变暖对海洋哺乳动物的影响（页面不存在）">对海洋哺乳动物的影响</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_global_warming_on_marine_mammals" class="extiw" title="en:Effects of global warming on marine mammals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Effects of global warming on marine mammals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="气候变化对陆生动物的影响" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Effects of climate change on terrestrial animals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AF%B9%E9%99%86%E7%94%9F%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="气候变化对陆生动物的影响（页面不存在）">对陆生动物的影响</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_terrestrial_animals" class="extiw" title="en:Effects of climate change on terrestrial animals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Effects of climate change on terrestrial animals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全球变暖带来的物种灭绝风险" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Extinction risk from global warming"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96%E5%B8%A6%E6%9D%A5%E7%9A%84%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E7%81%AD%E7%BB%9D%E9%A3%8E%E9%99%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球变暖带来的物种灭绝风险（页面不存在）">物种灭绝风险</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_risk_from_global_warming" class="extiw" title="en:Extinction risk from global warming"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Extinction risk from global warming</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="森林枯死" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Forest dieback"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E6%9E%AF%E6%AD%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="森林枯死（页面不存在）">森林枯死</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_dieback" class="extiw" title="en:Forest dieback"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Forest dieback</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">社会</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="气候变化与农业" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Climate change and agriculture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%8E%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="气候变化与农业（页面不存在）">农业问题</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_and_agriculture" class="extiw" title="en:Climate change and agriculture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Climate change and agriculture</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E8%88%87%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" title="氣候變化與食品安全">食安問題</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="气候变化与生态系统" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Climate change and ecosystems"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%8E%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="气候变化与生态系统（页面不存在）">生态问题</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_and_ecosystems" class="extiw" title="en:Climate change and ecosystems"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Climate change and ecosystems</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E8%88%87%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5" title="氣候變化與性別">性别问题</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E8%88%87%E8%B2%A7%E5%9B%B0" title="氣候變化與貧困">贫困问题</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全球变暖经济学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economics of global warming"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球变暖经济学（页面不存在）">全球变暖经济学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics_of_global_warming" class="extiw" title="en:Economics of global warming"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economics of global warming</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全球变暖对人类健康的影响" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Effects of global warming on human health"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96%E5%AF%B9%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球变暖对人类健康的影响（页面不存在）">对健康的影响</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_global_warming_on_human_health" class="extiw" title="en:Effects of global warming on human health"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Effects of global warming on human health</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全球变暖对人类的影响" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Effects of global warming on humans"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96%E5%AF%B9%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球变暖对人类的影响（页面不存在）">对人类的影响</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_global_warming_on_humans" class="extiw" title="en:Effects of global warming on humans"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Effects of global warming on humans</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E9%9B%A3%E6%B0%91" title="環境難民">環境難民</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" title="氣候安全">氣候安全</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="渔业与气候变化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fisheries and climate change"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%94%E4%B8%9A%E4%B8%8E%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="渔业与气候变化（页面不存在）">渔业问题</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisheries_and_climate_change" class="extiw" title="en:Fisheries and climate change"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fisheries and climate change</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="气候变化，工业与社会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Climate change, industry and society"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%EF%BC%8C%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E4%B8%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="气候变化，工业与社会（页面不存在）">工业与社会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change,_industry_and_society" class="extiw" title="en:Climate change, industry and society"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Climate change, industry and society</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">国家或地区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%9A%96%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%A8%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D" title="全球暖化在北极的影响">北极地区</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="澳大利亚的气候变化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Climate change in Australia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%9A%84%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳大利亚的气候变化（页面不存在）">澳大利亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_in_Australia" class="extiw" title="en:Climate change in Australia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Climate change in Australia</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全球变暖对南亚的影响" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Effects of global warming on South Asia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96%E5%AF%B9%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球变暖对南亚的影响（页面不存在）">南亚地区</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_global_warming_on_South_Asia" class="extiw" title="en:Effects of global warming on South Asia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Effects of global warming on South Asia</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尼泊尔对气候变化的适应" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Climate change adaptation in Nepal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94%E5%AF%B9%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼泊尔对气候变化的适应（页面不存在）">尼泊尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_adaptation_in_Nepal" class="extiw" title="en:Climate change adaptation in Nepal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Climate change adaptation in Nepal</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="社会与气候变化" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">社会与气候变化</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">普遍观点</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全球变暖政治学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Politics of global warming"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球变暖政治学（页面不存在）">全球变暖政治学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_global_warming" class="extiw" title="en:Politics of global warming"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Politics of global warming</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公众对全球变暖的观点" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Public opinion on global warming"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%97%E5%AF%B9%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公众对全球变暖的观点（页面不存在）">公众观点</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_opinion_on_global_warming" class="extiw" title="en:Public opinion on global warming"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Public opinion on global warming</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="各国对气候变化的观点" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Climate change opinion by country"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%B9%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="各国对气候变化的观点（页面不存在）">各国态度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_opinion_by_country" class="extiw" title="en:Climate change opinion by country"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Climate change opinion by country</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%9A%96%E5%8C%96%E5%90%A6%E5%AE%9A%E8%AA%AA" title="全球暖化否定說">否定论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="柔性全球暖化否定说" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soft climate change denial"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%94%E6%80%A7%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%9A%96%E5%8C%96%E5%90%A6%E5%AE%9A%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柔性全球暖化否定说（页面不存在）">柔性否定论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_climate_change_denial" class="extiw" title="en:Soft climate change denial"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soft climate change denial</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="气候运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Climate movement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="气候运动（页面不存在）">气候运动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_movement" class="extiw" title="en:Climate movement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Climate movement</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="媒体对全球变暖的报道" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Media coverage of global warming"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E5%AF%B9%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%A5%E9%81%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="媒体对全球变暖的报道（页面不存在）">媒体报道</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_coverage_of_global_warming" class="extiw" title="en:Media coverage of global warming"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Media coverage of global warming</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="流行文化中的全球变暖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Global warming in popular culture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="流行文化中的全球变暖（页面不存在）">流行文化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming_in_popular_culture" class="extiw" title="en:Global warming in popular culture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Global warming in popular culture</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%A4%A7%E7%BD%A2%E8%AF%BE" title="气候大罢课">气候大罢课</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86" title="環境倫理">環境倫理</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">国际协定</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="联合国气候变化框架公约">联合国气候变化框架公约</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">京都议定书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="巴黎協定">巴黎協定</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="减缓方案（英语：-&#123;Climate_change_mitigation&#125;-）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="减缓气候变化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Climate change mitigation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%8F%E7%BC%93%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="减缓气候变化（页面不存在）">减缓方案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" class="extiw" title="en:Climate change mitigation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Climate change mitigation</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">经济</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E7%A8%8E" title="碳税">碳税</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E7%A2%B3%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="低碳經濟">低碳經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E6%9D%83%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93" title="排放权交易">排放权交易</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8" title="碳信用">碳信用</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="碳补偿" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Carbon offset"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%B3%E8%A1%A5%E5%81%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="碳补偿（页面不存在）">碳补偿</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_offset" class="extiw" title="en:Carbon offset"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Carbon offset</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">能源</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="可持續能源">可持續能源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E7%A2%B3%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B" title="低碳電力">低碳电力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="可再生能源">可再生能源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B" title="核動力">核動力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%8D%95%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%8E%E5%B0%81%E5%AD%98" title="碳捕集与封存">碳捕集与封存</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="能量过渡计划">能量过渡计划</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">个人</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="应对气候变化的个人行动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Individual action on climate change"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%94%E5%AF%B9%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="应对气候变化的个人行动（页面不存在）">应对气候变化的个人行动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individual_action_on_climate_change" class="extiw" title="en:Individual action on climate change"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Individual action on climate change</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E4%B8%AD%E5%92%8C" title="碳中和">碳中和</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3%E7%A7%BB%E9%99%A4" title="二氧化碳移除">二氧化碳移除</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="缓解气候变化的设想" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Climate change mitigation scenarios"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BC%93%E8%A7%A3%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%BE%E6%83%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="缓解气候变化的设想（页面不存在）">缓解气候变化的设想</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation_scenarios" class="extiw" title="en:Climate change mitigation scenarios"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Climate change mitigation scenarios</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="地理工程学">气候工程</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="减少毁林及森林退化造成的排放" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%8F%E5%B0%91%E6%AF%81%E6%9E%97%E5%8F%8A%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E9%80%80%E5%8C%96%E9%80%A0%E6%88%90%E7%9A%84%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="减少毁林及森林退化造成的排放（页面不存在）">减少毁林及森林退化造成的排放</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reducing_emissions_from_deforestation_and_forest_degradation" class="extiw" title="en:Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%A9%E8%82%B2" title="林地復育">林地復育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%84%E5%BF%83%E5%A3%AF%E5%BF%97%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="雄心壯志聯盟">雄心壯志聯盟</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="背景和理论" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">背景和理论</div></th></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">测量</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卫星温度测量" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Satellite temperature measurements"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卫星温度测量（页面不存在）">卫星温度测量</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_temperature_measurements" class="extiw" title="en:Satellite temperature measurements"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Satellite temperature measurements</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">理论</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%85%A7%E7%8E%87" title="反照率">反照率</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E5%8C%AF" title="碳匯">碳匯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E7%8E%87%E8%88%87%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" title="氣候變率與變化">氣候變化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="气候敏感性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Climate sensitivity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E6%95%8F%E6%84%9F%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="气候敏感性（页面不存在）">气候敏感性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_sensitivity" class="extiw" title="en:Climate sensitivity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Climate sensitivity</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="云压" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cloud forcing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%91%E5%8E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="云压（页面不存在）">云压</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_forcing" class="extiw" title="en:Cloud forcing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cloud forcing</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="气候变化的反馈" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Climate change feedback"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%8D%E9%A6%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="气候变化的反馈（页面不存在）">气候变化的反馈</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_feedback" class="extiw" title="en:Climate change feedback"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Climate change feedback</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%95%88%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" title="有效溫度">有效溫度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E6%94%B6%E6%94%AF" title="地球能量收支">地球能量收支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%9A%96%E5%8C%96%E6%BD%9B%E5%8B%A2" title="全球暖化潛勢">全球暖化潛勢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84%E9%A9%85%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="輻射驅動力">輻射驅動力</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">研究</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%AD%B8" title="古氣候學">古氣候學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%A3%8E%E6%9A%B4%E5%AD%A6" title="古风暴学">古风暴学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="气候模型">气候模型</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="列表级条目"><img alt="列表级条目" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="气候变化词汇" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Glossary of climate change"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E8%AF%8D%E6%B1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="气候变化词汇（页面不存在）">词汇</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_climate_change" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of climate change"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glossary of climate change</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="列表级条目"><img alt="列表级条目" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="气候变化条目索引" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Index of climate change articles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="气候变化条目索引（页面不存在）">索引</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_climate_change_articles" class="extiw" title="en:Index of climate change articles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Index of climate change articles</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96" title="Category:气候变化">气候变化</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%9A%96%E5%8C%96" title="Category:全球暖化">全球暖化</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Portal:全球暖化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Portal:Global warming"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%9A%96%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:全球暖化（页面不存在）">专题</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Global_warming" class="extiw" title="en:Portal:Global warming"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Portal:Global warming</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47359#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47359#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47359#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007372053905171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no99009211">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000345302&P_CON_LNG=ENG">拉脱维亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01023684">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992 květen 9.)."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=unn2008485021&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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