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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/2_april"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. 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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Hout" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Hout" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Hout" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Functie_in_de_plant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functie_in_de_plant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Functie in de plant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Functie_in_de_plant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anatomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anatomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Anatomie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anatomie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Anatomie-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anatomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Structuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Structuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pycnoxyl_en_manoxyl_hout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pycnoxyl_en_manoxyl_hout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Pycnoxyl en manoxyl hout</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pycnoxyl_en_manoxyl_hout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vorming_van_groeiringen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vorming_van_groeiringen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Vorming van groeiringen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vorming_van_groeiringen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Bast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Richtweefsel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Richtweefsel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Richtweefsel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Richtweefsel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toepassing_van_hout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toepassing_van_hout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Toepassing van hout</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Toepassing_van_hout-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toepassing van hout-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Toepassing_van_hout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eigenschappen_bij_de_bewerking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eigenschappen_bij_de_bewerking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Eigenschappen bij de bewerking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eigenschappen_bij_de_bewerking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Houtsoorten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Houtsoorten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Houtsoorten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Houtsoorten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Houtbewerking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Houtbewerking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Houtbewerking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Houtbewerking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zaagwijze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaagwijze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Zaagwijze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaagwijze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Houtproductie_en_ontbossing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Houtproductie_en_ontbossing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Houtproductie en ontbossing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Houtproductie_en_ontbossing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Houtproductie en ontbossing-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Houtproductie_en_ontbossing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afgeleide_houtproducten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afgeleide_houtproducten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Afgeleide houtproducten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afgeleide_houtproducten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgave" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hout</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 152 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-152" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">152 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hout" title="Hout – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hout" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holz" title="Holz – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Holz" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%A8%E1%89%B5" title="እንጨት – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እንጨት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusta" title="Fusta – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fusta" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holt" title="Holt – Oudengels" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Holt" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Oudengels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%A8" title="خشب – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خشب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%9D%DC%A3%DC%90" title="ܩܝܣܐ – Aramees" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܝܣܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%A8" title="خشب – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خشب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madera" title="Madera – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Madera" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxta" title="Taxta – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Taxta" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AC_(%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="آغاج (ماده) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آغاج (ماده)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D2%99%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Үҙағас – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Үҙағас" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoiz" title="Hoiz – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Hoiz" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med%C4%97ina" title="Medėina – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Medėina" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahoy" title="Kahoy – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kahoy" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Драўніна – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Драўніна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Драўніна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Драўніна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Дървесина – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дървесина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="लकड़ी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लकड़ी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A0" title="কাঠ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাঠ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koad" title="Koad – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Koad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drvo_(materijal)" title="Drvo (materijal) – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Drvo (materijal)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusta" title="Fusta – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fusta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A0" title="Chà – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chà" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahoy" title="Kahoy – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kahoy" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%93" title="ᎠᏓ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏓ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8E%D9%88" title="چێو – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چێو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9Fa%C3%A7" title="Ağaç – Krim-Tataars" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ağaç" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krim-Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%99evo" title="Dřevo – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dřevo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%8B%D0%B2%C4%83%C3%A7_(%D0%B9%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85)" title="Йывăç (йăмлăх) – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Йывăç (йăмлăх)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pren" title="Pren – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pren" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A6_(materiale)" title="Træ (materiale) – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Træ (materiale)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holz" title="Holz – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Holz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textci" title="Textci – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Textci" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9E%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%BF" title="Ξύλο – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ξύλο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8gn" title="Lègn – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Lègn" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood" title="Wood – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wood" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligno" title="Ligno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ligno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madera" title="Madera – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Madera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puit" title="Puit – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Puit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zur" title="Zur – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zur" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maera" title="Maera – Extremeens" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Maera" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A8" title="چوب – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چوب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puuaines" title="Puuaines – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puuaines" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kau" title="Kau – Fijisch" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kau" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois" title="Bois – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bois" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holt" title="Holt – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Holt" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hout" title="Hout – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hout" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhmad" title="Adhmad – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Adhmad" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8" title="木 – Ganyu" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="木" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Ganyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwa" title="Bwa – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Bwa" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiodh" title="Fiodh – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fiodh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvyra" title="Yvyra – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvyra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taap%C3%BCla" title="Taapüla – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Taapüla" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katako" title="Katako – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Katako" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muk" title="Muk – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Muk" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A5_(%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%9D)" title="עץ (חומר גלם) – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עץ (חומר גלם)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="लकड़ी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लकड़ी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakrri" title="Lakrri – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Lakrri" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drvo_(materijal)" title="Drvo (materijal) – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Drvo (materijal)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwa" title="Bwa – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bwa" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa_(anyag)" title="Fa (anyag) – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fa (anyag)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BF" title="Փայտ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փայտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligno" title="Ligno – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ligno" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kayu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%83k%C3%BA" title="Ńkú – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ńkú" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiruk" title="Qiruk – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Qiruk" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligno" title="Ligno – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ligno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%B0ur" title="Viður – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Viður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legno" title="Legno – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Legno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="木材" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kayu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მერქანი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მერქანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%C9%A3a%E1%B9%9B" title="Asɣaṛ – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Asɣaṛ" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%89ee%C9%A3a" title="Ɖeeɣa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɖeeɣa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%88_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Ағаш (материал) – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ағаш (материал)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A9%EC%9E%AC" title="목재 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="목재" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Жыгач – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жыгач" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignum" title="Lignum – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lignum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holz_(Material)" title="Holz (Material) – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Holz (Material)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenio" title="Lenio – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Lenio" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hout" title="Hout – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hout" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legn" title="Legn – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Legn" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediena" title="Mediena – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mediena" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koksne" title="Koksne – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Koksne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaju" title="Kaju – Madoerees" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Kaju" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madoerees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazo_(akora)" title="Hazo (akora) – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hazo (akora)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kayu" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="തടി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A1" title="लाकूड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लाकूड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kayu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injam" title="Injam – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Injam" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="သစ်သား – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သစ်သား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88" title="چو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignammo" title="Lignammo – Napolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lignammo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Napolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holt_(Bostoff)" title="Holt (Bostoff) – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Holt (Bostoff)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holt" title="Holt – Nederduits" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Holt" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%81" title="सिँ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सिँ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevirke" title="Trevirke – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Trevirke" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treverk" title="Treverk – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Treverk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusta" title="Fusta – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fusta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puuaines" title="Puuaines – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Puuaines" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%9C" title="ਲੱਕੜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੱਕੜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B2" title="Bò – Picardisch" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Bò" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drewno_(technika)" title="Drewno (technika) – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Drewno (technika)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B2sch" title="Bòsch – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bòsch" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DA%A9%DA%91%DB%8C" title="لکڑی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لکڑی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B1%DA%AB%DB%8C" title="لرګی – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لرګی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27iru" title="Q'iru – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Q'iru" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemn" title="Lemn – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lemn" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemnu" title="Lemnu – Aroemeens" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Lemnu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aroemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Древесина – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Древесина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B4" title="ᱠᱟᱴ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱴ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignu_(materia)" title="Lignu (materia) – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lignu (materia)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wid" title="Wid – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Wid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D9%BA" title="ڪاٺ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪاٺ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drvo_(materijal)" title="Drvo (materijal) – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Drvo (materijal)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akccu%E1%B8%8D" title="Akccuḍ – Tashelhiyt" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Akccuḍ" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tashelhiyt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood" title="Wood – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wood" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drevo" title="Drevo – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Drevo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les" title="Les – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Les" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alwaax" title="Alwaax – Somalisch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Alwaax" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druri" title="Druri – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Druri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Дрво (материјал) – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дрво (материјал)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kai" title="Kai – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kai" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A4" title="Trä – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Trä" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubao" title="Ubao – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ubao" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D)" title="மரம் (மூலப்பொருள்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மரம் (மூலப்பொருள்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95" title="చెక్క – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చెక్క" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D3%AF%D0%B1" title="Чӯб – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Чӯб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89" title="ไม้ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไม้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahoy" title="Kahoy – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kahoy" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAkau_(langa)" title="ʻAkau (langa) – Tongaans" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻAkau (langa)" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahta" title="Tahta – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tahta" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Үзагач – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Үзагач" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Деревина – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Деревина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DA%A9%DA%91%DB%8C" title="لکڑی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لکڑی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yog%CA%BBoch" title="Yogʻoch – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yogʻoch" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81egno" title="Łegno – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łegno" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu_(material)" title="Pu (material) – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Pu (material)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%E1%BB%97" title="Gỗ – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gỗ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out" title="Out – West-Vlaams" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Out" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West-Vlaams" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boad" title="Boad – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Boad" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahoy" title="Kahoy – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kahoy" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="木材" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A5" title="האלץ – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="האלץ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="木材" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C3%A2" title="Chhâ – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhâ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8" title="木 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="木" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukhuni" title="Ukhuni – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ukhuni" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q287#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> 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href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/hout" title="Zoek dit woord op in WikiWoordenboek"><img alt="Zoek dit woord op in WikiWoordenboek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><div id="sjabloon_zie" class="hatnote" style="padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span style="padding-right:0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/25px-Disambig-dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/38px-Disambig-dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/50px-Disambig-dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="340" /></span></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Hout_(doorverwijspagina)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hout (doorverwijspagina)">Hout (doorverwijspagina)</a> voor andere betekenissen van Hout.</i> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:VeluweTreeTrunk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/VeluweTreeTrunk.jpg/260px-VeluweTreeTrunk.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/VeluweTreeTrunk.jpg/390px-VeluweTreeTrunk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/VeluweTreeTrunk.jpg/520px-VeluweTreeTrunk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="848" data-file-height="573" /></a><figcaption>Doorgezaagde stam van een boom met inwendige hartscheuren</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Holz_querschnitt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Holz_querschnitt.jpg/260px-Holz_querschnitt.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Holz_querschnitt.jpg/390px-Holz_querschnitt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Holz_querschnitt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>Tangentiale doorsnede van een vierjarige stam <div><span style="display: inline-block; padding-left: 2.1em;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 1.67em; height: 0.2em; vertical-align: middle; margin: 0 0.4em -0.2em -2.1em; border-top: #058f42 solid 3px;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Houtstraal" title="Houtstraal">houtstralen</a></span></div> <b>0</b> = merg <br /> <b>1</b> = grens <a href="/wiki/Groeiring" title="Groeiring">jaarring</a> <br /> <b>2</b> = harskanalen <br /> <b>3</b> = primaire houtstralen <br /> <b>4</b> = secundaire houtstralen <br /> <b>5</b> = <a href="/wiki/Cambium" title="Cambium">cambium</a> <br /> <b>6</b> = houtstralen in de <a href="/wiki/Bast" title="Bast">bast</a> <br /> <b>7</b> = <a href="/wiki/Kurkcambium" title="Kurkcambium">kurkcambium</a> <br /> <b>8</b> = bast <br /> <b>9</b> = <a href="/wiki/Schors" title="Schors">schors</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hout</b> is het voornaamste bestanddeel van <a href="/wiki/Houtige_plant" title="Houtige plant">houtige planten</a>: (vooral) <a href="/wiki/Boom_(plant)" title="Boom (plant)">bomen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Struik" title="Struik">struiken</a>. Botanisch gezien is hout het door het <a href="/wiki/Cambium" title="Cambium">cambium</a> geproduceerd secundaire <a href="/wiki/Xyleem" title="Xyleem">xyleem</a> van <a href="/wiki/Zaadplanten" title="Zaadplanten">zaadplanten</a>. Volgens deze definitie zijn de houtige weefsels van bijvoorbeeld palmen geen hout in de strikte zin. Een kenmerk is verder de afzetting van <a href="/wiki/Lignine" title="Lignine">lignine</a> (houtstof) in de <a href="/wiki/Celwand" title="Celwand">celwanden</a>. In een andere omschrijving wordt hout daarom gezien als verhout plantenweefsel. </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Tak_(plant)" title="Tak (plant)">takken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stam_(plant)" title="Stam (plant)">stammen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Wortel_(plant)" title="Wortel (plant)">wortels</a> van <a href="/wiki/Houtige_plant" title="Houtige plant">houtige</a> (niet-<a href="/wiki/Kruidachtig" title="Kruidachtig">kruidachtige</a>) planten bestaan voor een belangrijk deel uit hout. Hout vormt het binnenste en grootste deel van de <a href="/wiki/Stam_(plant)" title="Stam (plant)">stam</a>. Houtige gewassen zijn <a href="/wiki/Boom_(plant)" title="Boom (plant)">bomen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Struik" title="Struik">struiken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cactusfamilie" title="Cactusfamilie">cactussen</a> of <a href="/wiki/Liaan" title="Liaan">lianen</a> (zoals <a href="/wiki/Wijnstok" title="Wijnstok">druiven</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functie_in_de_plant">Functie in de plant</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Functie in de plant" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Functie in de plant"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de plant is hout (secundair <a href="/wiki/Xyleem" title="Xyleem">xyleem</a>), met name in de buitenste lagen ervan, betrokken bij het <a href="/wiki/Plantenfysiologie#Watertransport" title="Plantenfysiologie">transport van water</a> en voedingsstoffen (anorganische sapstroom) van de wortels naar de bladeren. Daarnaast geeft hout stevigheid aan de stam. Het hout bestaat uit het secundaire xyleem. De tegenpool van het xyleem is het <a href="/wiki/Flo%C3%ABem" title="Floëem">floëem</a>, dat de transportstroom (organische sapstroom) in de tegenovergestelde richting verzorgt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anatomie">Anatomie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Anatomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Anatomie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structuur">Structuur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Structuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Structuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Rotting_branch_of_wood_-_Utrecht,_The_Netherlands_-_May_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Rotting_branch_of_wood_-_Utrecht%2C_The_Netherlands_-_May_2017.jpg/260px-Rotting_branch_of_wood_-_Utrecht%2C_The_Netherlands_-_May_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Rotting_branch_of_wood_-_Utrecht%2C_The_Netherlands_-_May_2017.jpg/390px-Rotting_branch_of_wood_-_Utrecht%2C_The_Netherlands_-_May_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Rotting_branch_of_wood_-_Utrecht%2C_The_Netherlands_-_May_2017.jpg/520px-Rotting_branch_of_wood_-_Utrecht%2C_The_Netherlands_-_May_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Rottend hout</figcaption></figure> <p>Hout bestaat voornamelijk uit de celwandbestanddelen <a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulose</a> en <a href="/wiki/Hemicellulose" title="Hemicellulose">hemicellulose</a> in de overlangse richting. Deze worden samengehouden door <a href="/wiki/Lignine" title="Lignine">lignine</a> (houtstof), die in de dwarse richting van het stuk hout ligt. Vanwege deze structuur is hout <a href="/wiki/Anisotropie" title="Anisotropie">anisotroop</a>: de eigenschappen zijn niet in alle richtingen gelijk. </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Houtstraal" title="Houtstraal">merg- of houtstralen</a> (ook wel spiegels geheten) dienen voor het transport van voedingsmiddelen en komen zowel bij loof- als naaldhout voor.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De eigenschappen voor wat betreft <a href="/wiki/Draad_(hout)" title="Draad (hout)">draadrichting</a>, taaiheid, splijtbaarheid en sterkte verschillen van soort tot soort, en vaak van boom tot boom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pycnoxyl_en_manoxyl_hout">Pycnoxyl en manoxyl hout</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Pycnoxyl en manoxyl hout" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Pycnoxyl en manoxyl hout"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Pinus_silvestris_cross_beentree.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Pinus_silvestris_cross_beentree.jpg/260px-Pinus_silvestris_cross_beentree.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Pinus_silvestris_cross_beentree.jpg/390px-Pinus_silvestris_cross_beentree.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Pinus_silvestris_cross_beentree.jpg 2x" data-file-width="417" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Pycnoxyl hout van de <a href="/wiki/Grove_den" title="Grove den">grove den</a>, <i>Pinus sylvestris</i></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Pycnoxyl</i> hout is <a href="/wiki/Secundair_hout" class="mw-redirect" title="Secundair hout">secundair hout</a> dat massief is en smalle <a href="/wiki/Houtstraal" title="Houtstraal">mergstralen</a> heeft. Pycnoxyl hout is betrekkelijk stevig, dit in tegenstelling tot <i>manoxyl</i> hout, dat betrekkelijk zacht is en dat brede mergstralen heeft. </p><p>Pycnoxyl hout komt bijvoorbeeld voor bij <a href="/wiki/Coniferen" title="Coniferen">coniferen</a>, bij de <a href="/wiki/Japanse_notenboom" title="Japanse notenboom"><i>Ginkgo biloba</i> (Japanse notenboom)</a> en <a href="/wiki/Tweezaadlobbigen" title="Tweezaadlobbigen">tweezaadlobbigen</a>, maar het hout van de <a href="/wiki/Palmvarens" title="Palmvarens">palmvarens (<i>Cycadales</i>)</a> is manoxyl. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vorming_van_groeiringen">Vorming van groeiringen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Vorming van groeiringen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Vorming van groeiringen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Omdat in <a href="/wiki/Gematigd_klimaat" title="Gematigd klimaat">gematigd klimaat</a> de winter en de zomer verschillen in groeiomstandigheden veroorzaken, hebben veel houtsoorten duidelijke <i><a href="/wiki/Groeiring" title="Groeiring">groeiringen</a></i> (ook wel jaarringen). Ook tropische houtsoorten hebben soms duidelijke groeiringen met name wanneer zij stammen uit gebieden met verschillende vochtigheidsseizoenen. </p><p>Deze <a href="/wiki/Groeiring" title="Groeiring">groeiringen</a> komen als volgt tot stand: onder de schors bevindt zich een laag delingsweefsel, een secundair <a href="/wiki/Meristeem" title="Meristeem">meristeem</a>, de cambiumlaag genoemd, die zowel naar binnen als naar buiten nieuwe cellen aanmaakt. Naar binnen toe differentiëren deze cellen zich tot hout (xyleem). Als het klimaat niet gelijkmatig is komt deze groei tot stilstand in het ongunstige seizoen. Deze stilstand komt niet plots maar met een geleidelijke overgang zodat het houtweefsel er anders uit gaat zien. Als aan het begin van het nieuwe seizoen nieuw hout gevormd wordt contrasteert dat met het laatstgevormde hout van het vorige seizoen. Groeiringen kunnen variëren van heel erg duidelijk, zoals bij <a href="/wiki/Ringporig" title="Ringporig">ringporig</a> hout (eiken, iepen, kastanje), tot heel vaag, bij sommig <a href="/wiki/Verspreidporig" title="Verspreidporig">verspreidporig</a> hout (paardenkastanje). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bast">Bast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bast" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bast"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het geheel van <a href="/wiki/Schors" title="Schors">schors</a> en aangroeilaag wordt meestal als "<a href="/wiki/Bast" title="Bast">bast</a>" omschreven. Rondom het binnenste, reeds afgestorven hout bevindt zich een levende laag. De schors barst bij de groei van de boom, daar hij niet elastisch is. De meest bekende schors wordt gevormd door de in <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> groeiende kurkeik (<i>Quercus suber</i> uit de familie van de <i>Fagaceae</i> of beukachtigen), die om de acht à tien jaar een oogstbare laag afgeeft. De <a href="/wiki/Beuk_(boom)" title="Beuk (boom)">beuk</a> heeft een gladde bast, doordat bij deze soort er ook in de lengterichting zich delende cellen bevinden. Door de bast kunnen diverse boomsoorten van elkaar onderscheiden worden omdat de bast in de zomer- en winterstand bij de meeste soorten niet veel van elkaar verschilt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Richtweefsel">Richtweefsel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Richtweefsel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Richtweefsel"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richtweefsel of <a href="/wiki/Reactiehout" title="Reactiehout">reactiehout</a> is hout dat wordt gevormd zodra een boom langdurig in een richting belast wordt (bijvoorbeeld door scheefstand of wind). Om het evenwicht te herstellen wordt zogenaamd trekhout (bij <a href="/wiki/Loofbomen" class="mw-redirect" title="Loofbomen">loofbomen</a>) -of drukhout (bij <a href="/wiki/Naaldbomen" class="mw-redirect" title="Naaldbomen">naaldbomen</a>) aangemaakt. Trekhout vormt zich aan de bovenkant van de stam en `trekt` de stam de goede richting in, drukhout vormt zich aan de onderkant, en "drukt" de stam in de goede richting. Op deze plekken is niet alleen de anatomische opbouw van de celstructuren anders, maar is er ook een chemische afwijking. Er is namelijk sprake van een verhoogd <a href="/wiki/Lignine" title="Lignine">lignine</a>-aandeel en ook andere extractstoffen zijn bij reactiehout bovenmatig aanwezig. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toepassing_van_hout">Toepassing van hout</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Toepassing van hout" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Toepassing van hout"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:WLA_vanda_Venus_holding_a_heart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/WLA_vanda_Venus_holding_a_heart.jpg/260px-WLA_vanda_Venus_holding_a_heart.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/WLA_vanda_Venus_holding_a_heart.jpg/390px-WLA_vanda_Venus_holding_a_heart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/WLA_vanda_Venus_holding_a_heart.jpg/520px-WLA_vanda_Venus_holding_a_heart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1894" data-file-height="1771" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Perenhout" class="mw-redirect" title="Perenhout">Perenhouten</a> sculptuur van <a href="/wiki/Venus_(mythologie)" title="Venus (mythologie)">Venus</a> die een hart vasthoudt (ca. 1600)</figcaption></figure> <p>Hout wordt voor vele doelen gebruikt: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papier" title="Papier">papierproductie</a>, waarvoor hout de basis vormt.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houtbewerking" title="Houtbewerking">houtbewerking</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ambacht_(handwerk)" title="Ambacht (handwerk)">handwerkers</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kunstenaar" title="Kunstenaar">kunstenaars</a> bewerken en verbinden stukken hout, zoals bij de constructie van <a href="/wiki/Beeldhouwkunst" title="Beeldhouwkunst">beeldhouwwerken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vat_(verpakking)" title="Vat (verpakking)">kuipen en fusten</a>, kasten, tafels, stoelen en ander <a href="/wiki/Meubilair" title="Meubilair">meubilair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parket_(vloerbedekking)" title="Parket (vloerbedekking)">parketvloeren</a> en muziekinstrumenten. Hierbij worden specialistische gereedschappen gebruikt.</li> <li>als <a href="/wiki/Grondstof" title="Grondstof">grondstof</a> en als <a href="/wiki/Constructie" title="Constructie">constructiemateriaal</a> is hout belangrijk; het wordt veel gebruikt door <a href="/wiki/Timmerman" title="Timmerman">timmerlieden</a> in de constructie van <a href="/wiki/Huis_(woning)" title="Huis (woning)">huizen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kozijn" title="Kozijn">kozijnen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dakconstructie" title="Dakconstructie">dakconstructies</a> en voor de afwerking. Hout is sinds de mens begon met het bouwen van schuilplaatsen een belangrijk constructie<a href="/wiki/Materiaal" title="Materiaal">materiaal</a> en blijft ook vandaag veel gebruikt. Heel wat producten met hout als grondstof zijn vervangen door andere grondstoffen zoals <a href="/wiki/Metaal" title="Metaal">metaal</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kunststof_(materiaal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunststof (materiaal)">kunststof</a>.</li> <li>daarnaast dient hout als <a href="/wiki/Brandstof" title="Brandstof">brandstof</a>: als <a href="/wiki/Brandhout" title="Brandhout">brandhout</a>, voor de productie van <a href="/wiki/Houtskool" title="Houtskool">houtskool</a> of <a href="/wiki/Houtpellets" title="Houtpellets">houtpellets</a>.</li> <li>als verpakkingsmateriaal, zoals kratten en pallets, omdat het robuust is, eenvoudig te construeren en recycleerbaar is.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eigenschappen_bij_de_bewerking">Eigenschappen bij de bewerking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Eigenschappen bij de bewerking" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Eigenschappen bij de bewerking"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hieronder worden verschillende <a href="/wiki/Eigenschappen_van_hout" title="Eigenschappen van hout">eigenschappen van hout</a> genoemd die een rol gaan spelen indien men hout wil gaan <a href="/wiki/Houtbewerking" title="Houtbewerking">bewerken</a> en toepassen. Op basis van kennis van de eigenschappen kunnen <a href="/wiki/Houtsoort" title="Houtsoort">houtsoorten</a> onderling vergeleken worden. Belangrijke hoofdeigenschappen van hout zijn <a href="/wiki/Duurzaamheidsklasse" title="Duurzaamheidsklasse">duurzaamheid</a> (bijvoorbeeld tegen weersinvloeden en <a href="/wiki/Schimmels" title="Schimmels">schimmels</a>), de natuurkundige eigenschappen (zoals krimp en volumieke massa), de mechanische eigenschappen (zoals mechanische <a href="/wiki/Sterkteleer" title="Sterkteleer">sterktes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hardheid_(materiaalkunde)" title="Hardheid (materiaalkunde)">hardheid</a>) en verwerkbaarheid, het uiterlijk en het gedrag bij brand. Ook tal van andere eigenschappen verschillen per houtsoort zoals: calorische waarde, isolatiewaarde, pH-waarde, etc. </p><p>De excentrische groei en de andere celstructuur van het reactiehout hebben een negatief gevolg voor de verwerking van het hout in de <a href="/wiki/Houtindustrie" title="Houtindustrie">houtindustrie</a>. Voor de papierproductie geeft dit hout weinig tot geen problemen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Houtsoorten">Houtsoorten</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Houtsoorten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Houtsoorten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hout van verschillende boomsoorten heeft verschillende eigenschappen. Dikwijls wordt er een grove <a href="/wiki/Indeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Indeling">indeling</a> gemaakt van de <a href="/wiki/Houtsoort" title="Houtsoort">houtsoort</a> in <a href="/wiki/Loofhout" title="Loofhout">loofhout</a> (ook wel <a href="/wiki/Hardhout" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardhout">hardhout</a>) en <a href="/wiki/Naaldhout" title="Naaldhout">naaldhout</a> (ook wel <a href="/wiki/Zachthout" class="mw-redirect" title="Zachthout">zachthout</a>). Naaldhoutsoorten, bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Vuren_(hout)" title="Vuren (hout)">vurenhout</a> en <a href="/wiki/Grenen_(hout)" title="Grenen (hout)">grenenhout</a>, zijn vaak vrij zacht, terwijl sommige loofhoutsoorten, bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Eik" title="Eik">eikenhout</a>, veel zwaarder en harder zijn. Als een houtsoort hard is, hoeft zij niet moeilijk te bewerken te zijn: zo is <a href="/wiki/Mahoniehout" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahoniehout">mahoniehout</a> een rode houtsoort, behoorlijk hard maar zeer makkelijk te bewerken en uitstekend geschikt voor meubelen. Anderzijds is balsahout (een loofhoutsoort) zeer licht en zacht, wat het nuttig maakt voor toepassingen zoals voor modelbouw bij <a href="/wiki/Modelvliegtuig" title="Modelvliegtuig">modelvliegtuigen</a>. </p><p>Hout kent de volgende verschillen: </p> <ul><li>Verschil in kleur en tekening.</li> <li>Verschil in volumieke massa. Hout wordt in de praktijk niet gemeten in soortelijk gewicht, maar in volumieke massa bij een bepaald vochtpercentage.</li> <li>Verschil in splijteigenschappen.</li> <li>Verschil in gedrag bij wisselende vochtigheid.</li> <li>Verschil in diverse mechanische sterkte-eigenschappen.</li> <li>Verschil in gevoeligheid voor klimaateigenschappen en verrotting/rotting of insectenvraat.</li> <li>Verschil in anatomie en celstructuren, vooral van belang bij papierproductie</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Houtbewerking">Houtbewerking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Houtbewerking" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Houtbewerking"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Houtbewerking" title="Houtbewerking">Houtbewerking</a> kan op verschillende manieren gebeuren. Bijvoorbeeld: </p> <ul><li>vijlen: met een vijl</li> <li>raspen: met een rasp</li> <li>zagen: met verschillende soorten zagen</li> <li>hakken: met een handbijl of een hak</li> <li>glad maken: met de blokschaaf of met schuurpapier</li> <li>boren: met verschillende boren</li> <li>kerven: met guts, mes of burijn uitsnijden</li> <li>snijden: beitel, of een mes</li> <li>timmeren: met spijkers en verschillende hamers</li> <li>lijmen: met lijm</li> <li>buigen: door het hout nat te maken, te spannen en daarna te verwarmen</li> <li>schroeven: met een schroevendraaier of schroefmachine</li> <li>frezen: met de freesmachine, de bovenfrees of de CNC-machine</li> <li>beitelen: met beitels of gutsen</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaagwijze">Zaagwijze</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zaagwijze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&action=edit&section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zaagwijze"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het <a href="/wiki/Hout_zagen" title="Hout zagen">hout zagen</a> van bomen kan afhankelijk van de beoogde toepassing op verschillende manieren worden verzaagd. Dat gebeurt meestal in drie verschillende hoofdrichtingen: <a href="/wiki/Radiaal_(wiskunde)" title="Radiaal (wiskunde)">radiaal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangentiaal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tangentiaal (de pagina bestaat niet)">tangentiaal</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Axiaal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axiaal (de pagina bestaat niet)">axiaal</a>, ook wel longitudinaal genoemd. In iedere richting verschillen de eigenschappen van hout. Krom- en scheluw trekken, zwellen en krimpen noemt men: <a href="/wiki/Werken_(hout)" title="Werken (hout)">werken</a> van hout. Ook verschilt hout afkomstig van de buitenkant van de boom waardoor nog transport plaatsvindt (<a href="/wiki/Spinthout" title="Spinthout">spinthout</a>) van het veel hardere <a href="/wiki/Kernhout" title="Kernhout">kernhout</a> dat voornamelijk stevigheid aan de boom geeft. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Houtproductie_en_ontbossing">Houtproductie en ontbossing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Houtproductie en ontbossing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&action=edit&section=13" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Houtproductie en ontbossing"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wereldhandel_hout_tbv_EU.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Wereldhandel_hout_tbv_EU.png/260px-Wereldhandel_hout_tbv_EU.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Wereldhandel_hout_tbv_EU.png/390px-Wereldhandel_hout_tbv_EU.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Wereldhandel_hout_tbv_EU.png/520px-Wereldhandel_hout_tbv_EU.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Houthandel vanuit de werelddelen met de Europese Unie inclusief het geschatte percentage illegaal gekapt hout (schattingen op jaarbasis volgens www.wwf.be/OECD).</figcaption></figure> <p>De houtproductie heeft een aandeel in de <a href="/wiki/Ontbossing" title="Ontbossing">ontbossing</a>. Andere belangrijke factoren zijn <a href="/wiki/Houtkap" title="Houtkap">houtkap</a> voor de aanleg van landbouwgrond en <a href="/wiki/Natuurbrand" title="Natuurbrand">bosbranden</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ontginning_(cultuur)" title="Ontginning (cultuur)">Ontginning</a> vormt een ernstige bedreiging voor de bossen en de biodiversiteit daarvan. Er worden wereldwijd echter inspanningen gedaan om de ontbossing tegen te gaan, zowel door bescherming van de bestaande (oer-)bossen als door de aanplanting van nieuwe <a href="/wiki/Productiebos" title="Productiebos">(productie-)bossen</a>. De <a href="/wiki/Bosbouw" title="Bosbouw">bosbouw</a> speelt daar een belangrijke rol in. </p><p>De jaarlijkse aangroei van hout (in kubieke meter) is in de Scandinavische landen groter dan de hoeveelheid die daar jaarlijks gekapt wordt. In de Aziatische landen (zoals Indonesië en Maleisië) wordt door de overheid steeds harder opgetreden tegen het illegaal kappen van bomen. Enkele internationale organisaties die ernaar streven om het evenwicht te herstellen op het vlak van houtkap zijn <a href="/wiki/Forest_Stewardship_Council" title="Forest Stewardship Council">FSC</a> en <a href="/wiki/PEFC" class="mw-redirect" title="PEFC">PEFC</a>. Vooral het FSC-keurmerk heeft veel aanhang bij de milieubeweging, omdat het strenge eisen stelt aan het bosbeheer, maar ook aan sociaal-economische omstandigheden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afgeleide_houtproducten">Afgeleide houtproducten</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Afgeleide houtproducten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&action=edit&section=14" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Afgeleide houtproducten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Massief hout kan ook een aantal nadelen hebben zoals de prijs, het milieu, <a href="/wiki/Scheluw" title="Scheluw">scheluw</a> trekken, werken. Om deze nadelen te ondervangen zijn er ook een groot aantal van hout afgeleide producten ontstaan, die (gedeeltelijk) van minderwaardig hout of houtafval kunnen worden gemaakt en die in een aantal toepassingen massief hout kunnen vervangen. Voorbeelden zijn <a href="/wiki/Medium-density_fibreboard" title="Medium-density fibreboard">mdf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oriented_Strand_Board" title="Oriented Strand Board">OSB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fineer" title="Fineer">Fineer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meubelplaat" title="Meubelplaat">meubelplaat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Triplex">triplex</a> en <a href="/wiki/Multiplex_(plaatmateriaal)" title="Multiplex (plaatmateriaal)">multiplex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spaanplaat" title="Spaanplaat">spaanplaat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Underlayment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Underlayment (de pagina bestaat niet)">underlayment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hardboard" title="Hardboard">hardboard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laminaat" title="Laminaat">laminaat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zachtboard" title="Zachtboard">zachtboard</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hout&action=edit&section=15" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Roland Ennos, <i>The Age of Wood. Our Most Useful Material and the Construction of Civilization</i>, 2020. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9781982114732" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9781982114732</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Voetnoten</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Prof. Dr. E. Reinders, <i>Leerboek der Algemene Plantkunde</i>, Deel 1, 1957</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wood" class="extiw" title="commons:Wood">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Mediabestanden die bij dit onderwerp horen, zijn te vinden op de pagina <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wood" class="extiw" title="commons:Wood">Wood</a></b></i> op <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a>.</div> </div> <div class="interProject wiktionary mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/hout" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/hout">WikiWoordenboek</a></div><div class="interProjectTemplate"></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hout&oldid=69016923">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hout&oldid=69016923</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Hout" title="Categorie:Hout">Hout</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Biomassa" title="Categorie:Biomassa">Biomassa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Plantenanatomie" title="Categorie:Plantenanatomie">Plantenanatomie</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Verborgen categorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Wikipedia:Pagina%27s_die_ISBN_magische_links_gebruiken" title="Categorie:Wikipedia:Pagina's die ISBN magische links gebruiken">Wikipedia:Pagina's die ISBN magische links gebruiken</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 11 mrt 2025 om 11:23.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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