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Royal Canadian Yacht Club - Wikipedia
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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Model_collection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Model collection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Model_collection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Royal Canadian Yacht Club</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club_Burgee.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club_Burgee.png/125px-Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club_Burgee.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club_Burgee.png/188px-Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club_Burgee.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club_Burgee.png/250px-Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club_Burgee.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Burgee" title="Burgee">Burgee</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left">Short name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">RCYC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1852<span class="noprint">; 172 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1852</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left">Commodore</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Kari MacKay<sup id="cite_ref-about_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcyc.ca">www<wbr />.rcyc<wbr />.ca</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club.JPG/220px-Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club.JPG/330px-Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club.JPG/440px-Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>The foundation stone for the current island clubhouse was laid in 1919 by <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Prince Edward, Prince of Wales</a> (later King Edward VIII)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kwasind,_Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club_Ferry,,_a_ferry_built_in_1912_-b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Kwasind%2C_Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club_Ferry%2C%2C_a_ferry_built_in_1912_-b.jpg/220px-Kwasind%2C_Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club_Ferry%2C%2C_a_ferry_built_in_1912_-b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Kwasind%2C_Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club_Ferry%2C%2C_a_ferry_built_in_1912_-b.jpg/330px-Kwasind%2C_Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club_Ferry%2C%2C_a_ferry_built_in_1912_-b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Kwasind%2C_Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club_Ferry%2C%2C_a_ferry_built_in_1912_-b.jpg/440px-Kwasind%2C_Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club_Ferry%2C%2C_a_ferry_built_in_1912_-b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="414" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Kwasind" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwasind">Kwasind</a></i> (1912), Royal Canadian Yacht Club launch built by <a href="/wiki/Polson_Iron_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="Polson Iron Works">Polson Iron Works</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club_clubhouse,_Centre_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/First_Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club_clubhouse%2C_Centre_Island.jpg/220px-First_Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club_clubhouse%2C_Centre_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/First_Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club_clubhouse%2C_Centre_Island.jpg/330px-First_Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club_clubhouse%2C_Centre_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/First_Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club_clubhouse%2C_Centre_Island.jpg/440px-First_Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club_clubhouse%2C_Centre_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="879" /></a><figcaption>RCYC's first island clubhouse, 1881</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Royal Canadian Yacht Club</b> (<b>RCYC</b>) is a private <a href="/wiki/Yacht_club" title="Yacht club">yacht club</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-about_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Founded in 1852, it is one of the world's older and larger yacht clubs.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its summer home is on a trio of islands (RCYC Island, South Island and North Chippewa or Snug Island) in the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Islands" title="Toronto Islands">Toronto Islands</a>. Its winter home since 1984 has been a purpose-built clubhouse located at 141 St. George Street in Toronto (just north of <a href="/wiki/Bloor_Street" title="Bloor Street">Bloor Street</a>), which includes facilities for sports and social activities. In 2014, the club had approximately 4700 members, about 450 yachts (95% sail) and a number of dinghies, principally <a href="/wiki/International_14" title="International 14">International 14s</a>. </p><p>The Club Patron is <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Anne, Princess Royal</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Objects">Objects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Objects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The objects of the club are: </p> <ol><li>to encourage members to become proficient in the personal management, maintenance, control and handling of their yachts, in navigation, and in all matters pertaining to seamanship;</li> <li>to promote yacht architecture, building and sailing in Canadian waters;</li> <li>to promote excellence in competitive sailing; and</li> <li>to promote such other sports and social activities as may be desirable in the interest of members generally.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_founding_to_1896">From founding to 1896</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: From founding to 1896"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At an informal meeting in 1850, eight local citizens laid the foundation for the Toronto Boat Club. The club was formally established in 1852.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1853, the club revised its name to the Toronto Yacht Club. On the advice of its patron, Lord Elgin, the club changed its name to the Canadian Yacht Club later in 1853. That same year, the club petitioned <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a> for a Royal warrant. The petition was granted by <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the club became known as the Royal Canadian Yacht Club. Although there is conflicting evidence about the reason behind the change in name from Toronto Yacht Club to Canadian Yacht Club, the most credible explanation is that the club wished to signify its regional rather than merely local significance. Since the City of Toronto was then located in the <a href="/wiki/Canada_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada West">Canada West</a> area of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a>, "Toronto" gave way to "Canadian" in the club's name.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first clubhouse was established in a building owned by Sir <a href="/wiki/Casimir_Gzowski" title="Casimir Gzowski">Casimir Gzowski</a>, near the present site of <a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Toronto)" title="Union Station (Toronto)">Union Station</a>. After a short tenancy, the club moved to a one-storey building erected on a scow moored just east of Simcoe Street. This served from 1853 until 1858, when it was replaced by the steamer <i>Provincial</i>. The <i>Provincial</i> provided shelter until the end of 1868, when it escaped its mooring, drifted away with the winter ice and was blown up as a hazard to navigation. </p><p>In 1869, the club built a clubhouse adjacent to the Parliament Buildings on Front Street. In 1881, a clubhouse by architect <a href="/wiki/Frank_Darling_(architect)" title="Frank Darling (architect)">Frank Darling</a> of Darling & Curry was completed on the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Islands" title="Toronto Islands">Toronto Islands</a> at the site of the present clubhouse, since "the increasing number of railway tracks had completely changed the character of the Esplanade … originally … flanked by handsome residences and the bright blue waters of the Bay."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To reach the new location, the club purchased the clipper-bowed steam launch <i>Esperanza</i> and secured landing rights at the foot of <a href="/wiki/Yonge_Street" title="Yonge Street">Yonge Street</a>, which it held until 1953 (evolution of the waterfront led to further moves — to York Street until 1979, then to Parliament Street until 2011, when the present launch station was established on Cherry Street). The 1881 building burned in 1904; at that time, buildings, predominantly built of wood, were heated by coal stoves and lit by lanterns and gas lighting, thus fires were frequent and the building standard was founded on an expected average life of 20 years.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While club buildings were rising up and burning down, the members were engaged in racing. The club challenged for the <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Cup" title="America's Cup">America's Cup</a> in 1876, and while the <i>Countess of Dufferin</i> was unsuccessful on the water, her owner was more successful at the negotiating table, and weaned the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yacht_Club" title="New York Yacht Club">New York Yacht Club</a> from its habit of requiring the challenger to race against its entire fleet. </p><p>In 1878, the club's yachts were granted the privilege of wearing the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Ensign" title="Blue Ensign">Blue Ensign</a>, defaced with a crown in the fly. This endured, with a break for both the First and Second World Wars, until the advent of the new <a href="/wiki/Maple_leaf_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Maple leaf flag">maple leaf flag</a> of Canada in 1965. </p><p>As the club's yachts grew increasingly sophisticated, members' tastes in designs diverged. Early examples hewed closely to the extreme British plank-on-edge style that relied on ballast, not hull-form, for stability. As the century wore on, Canadian designers such as Alexander Cuthbert and A. Cary Smith began to incorporate more of the features of American yachts, such as form-based stability and centreboards. Members were also looking back to Britain for well-rounded designs from such notables as <a href="/wiki/George_Lennox_Watson" title="George Lennox Watson">George Lennox Watson</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Fife" title="William Fife">William Fife</a>. </p><p>In 1896, Lincoln Park Yacht Club of Chicago challenged the RCYC to a series of match races. Interest was such that several cities vied for the contest – <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a> won with the offer of a large cash prize and a splendid trophy by <a href="/wiki/Tiffany_%26_Co." title="Tiffany & Co.">Tiffany & Co.</a> The RCYC yacht <i>Canada</i>, designed by <a href="/wiki/William_Fife" title="William Fife">William Fife</a> and sailed under <a href="/wiki/Aemilius_Jarvis" title="Aemilius Jarvis">Æmilius Jarvis</a>, defeated <i>Vencedor</i> and won the cash and cup. The <i>Canada</i> owners' syndicate then donated the cup to the club for perpetual cross-border competition, and the <a href="/wiki/Canada%27s_Cup" title="Canada's Cup">Canada's Cup</a> has since then been "the Great Lakes' most prestigious trophy" and an emblem of the club's commitment to yacht racing.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1896_to_1969">1896 to 1969</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1896 to 1969"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1881 clubhouse burned in 1904. A new building by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Sproatt" title="Henry Sproatt">Henry Sproatt</a> was completed in 1906 but burned in 1918. The remains served until completion of the present building to a slightly modified version of Sproatt's design in 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1900, yacht design had progressed to the point that a new measurement rule was required. A lakes-specific rule and scantlings were published, but never built to. Eventually, <a href="/wiki/Aemilius_Jarvis" title="Aemilius Jarvis">Æmilius Jarvis</a> in 1910 built the very successful <i>Swamba</i>, an R-class by George Owen that was the first vessel built to the new <a href="/wiki/Universal_Rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Rule">Universal Rule</a> on Lake Ontario.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was followed by <i>Patricia</i>, a P-Boat also designed to the new Rule by Owen.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like most yacht clubs in Britain and the Empire, the club was conceived as an auxiliary to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> (hence the naval titles and uniforms), a source of political support and if the need arose, of men familiar with boats. In the days when the Royal Navy fought under sail and yachting was a new idea, "in the building and racing of fast pleasure craft, the Navy… received the benefit of experience and experiment… not possible… under service conditions".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a> came in 1914, the services were short of lead for weapons, and many members patriotically dismantled their boats and gave their keels to be melted. <i><a href="/wiki/Canada%27s_Cup" title="Canada's Cup">Canada</a></i> disappeared at this time. </p><p>As elsewhere, there was a rush to enlist; at the peak, over 450 members were in the services. 59 of the club's members died in service. In commemoration, the club in 1926 installed a large granite, marble and bronze memorial, designed by Charles J. Gibson in the form of a ship's capstan on a low podium on the front lawn, to honour those who had not returned.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The names of the 23 who did not return from the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> were added in 1952.)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The club rebuilt its fleet at the First World War's end, first with the purchase of four P-Boats in 1919, which were then sold to members, then the acquisition of a number of one-design 25-footers known as the C-Boats. These one-design sloops, designed by TBF Benson, fostered close club and inter-club racing, raising everyone's skill and pleasure.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Universal Rule's leaning toward large and costly boats, though, called out for a new approach. The first club boat to the new International Rule was the <a href="/wiki/6_Metre" title="6 Metre">6-Metre</a> <i>Merenneito</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new Rule so impressed members that three <a href="/wiki/8_Metre_(keelboat)" class="mw-redirect" title="8 Metre (keelboat)">8-Metres</a> were built to challenge for the Canada's Cup: <i>Vision</i> (<a href="/wiki/Camper_%26_Nicholsons" class="mw-redirect" title="Camper & Nicholsons">Camper & Nicholsons</a>); <i>Quest</i> (William Fife); and <i>Norseman</i> (<a href="/wiki/William_James_Rou%C3%A9" title="William James Roué">William Roué</a>). A fourth Eight, <i>Invader II</i> was built but was no more successful.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Star_(sailboat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Star (sailboat)">Star</a> boats joined the fleet in 1935. At about that time, the 14-footer fleet, precursor to the <a href="/wiki/International_14" title="International 14">International 14</a>, formed. </p><p>The club was quiet through the war years 1939 to 1945, but rebounded with peace (and generous fee rebates to those who had served). Expanding membership required expansion of the leasehold over the whole of South Island. In 1954, <i>Venture II</i> reclaimed the Canada's Cup, ending 51 years at the Rochester Yacht Club.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hazel" title="Hurricane Hazel">Hurricane Hazel</a> badly damaged the Toronto waterfront; yachts were then moved from moorings in the harbour to docks in the lagoons between the islands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1967_to_present">1967 to present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1967 to present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second objective of the club is to "promote yacht architecture, building and sailing…" In the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s, the club's greatest contribution was through the continuing development of the Fourteen class by TBF Benson, Charlie Bourke, and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Howard_Buller" title="Frederick Howard Buller">Fred Buller</a>, making a significant contribution to the present International 14. Buller, who was head of aeronautical design at <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada" title="De Havilland Canada">de Havilland Canada</a> deserves special mention, having realized that the tell-tales used to analyze airflow over aircraft could be used to advantage on sails. Buller is credited with originating and popularizing their use, initially in the 14 class, but the idea spread rapidly.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1967, <a href="/wiki/Perry_Connolly" title="Perry Connolly">Perry Connolly</a>, a club member asked another member, <a href="/wiki/George_Harding_Cuthbertson" title="George Harding Cuthbertson">George Cuthbertson</a>, and his partner, <a href="/wiki/George_Cassian" title="George Cassian">George Cassian</a>, to design "the meanest, hungriest 40-footer afloat." Fibreglass was displacing wood as the material of choice by that time, but hulls and decks were solid glass, thus heavy. The new boat, <i>Red Jacket</i>, was designed and built with a hull and deck cored with balsa, a first in North America; light weight combined with a fin keel and all-movable rudder made her faster and handier than her contemporaries.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her first year on the lake, the new boat took 11 of 13 events entered. In her second year, she took top spot at Florida's Southern Ocean Racing Circuit. The prestige of this and other high-visibility conquests, such as <i>Manitou</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s defence of the Canada's Cup was a springboard for a new partnership of designers and builders under the name <a href="/wiki/C%26C_Yachts" title="C&C Yachts">C&C Yachts</a>. C&C, at one time the largest yacht builder in the world, used balsa core in all of its many models, validating cored-laminate technology that is now used in most yachts, racing or cruising. Yachting use of cored laminates arguably led to aviation's re-discovery of the concept; after a decades-long hiatus, cored composites are now used in most aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Club members retained a close relationship with the company until the sale of its name to US interests. </p><p>In the late 1970s, a group of members engaged designer Mark Ellis and builder <a href="/wiki/George_Hinterhoeller" title="George Hinterhoeller">George Hinterhoeller</a> to make six 30-foot (9.1 metres) cruising yachts that could comfortably be sailed by one person. The <a href="/wiki/Nonsuch_(sailboat)" title="Nonsuch (sailboat)">Nonsuch</a> series (named for <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Henry Hudson</a>'s vessel) had the beamy looks of a traditional U.S. East Coast cat-boat, the underbody of a modern cruising yacht, much sail and the accommodations of a much larger yacht. Eventually, nearly a thousand were built, from 22 to 36 feet (6.8 to 10.9 metres). </p><p>During the first half of the 1980s, the club's International 14 fleet championed the development of a series of designs by member <a href="/wiki/Jay_Cross" title="Jay Cross">Jay Cross</a>. Powerful and readily planed, Cross designs dominated the North American 14 fleet. </p><p>Sailing wing-sail catamarans designed by former C&C Yachts designer Steve Killing, club member Fred Eaton won the <a href="/wiki/International_C-Class_Catamaran_Championship" title="International C-Class Catamaran Championship">International C-Class Catamaran Championship</a>, sailed at RCYC in 2007 and at <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yacht_Club" title="New York Yacht Club">New York Yacht Club</a>, Newport, Rhode Island, USA in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early development included foiling vessels that were unsuccessful against immersed hulls in light Lake Ontario airs. Eaton's team's development progress and the direct participation or observation by AC team members in the 2010 event significantly influenced the decision to sail the 2013 <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Cup" title="America's Cup">America's Cup</a> in wing-sail catamarans.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the summer of 2015, the club hosted sailing events for the <a href="/wiki/2015_Pan_American_Games" title="2015 Pan American Games">2015 Pan American Games</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Olympic_sailors">Olympic sailors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Olympic sailors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club" title="Special:EditPage/Royal Canadian Yacht Club">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Forty-eight RCYC members have qualified for the Olympics; one-third of Canadian Olympic qualifiers have come from the club. Members have gained medals for Canada in four events and for Norway in one event. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Facilities">Facilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In summer, the club occupies three islands in the chain that forms the south side of Toronto harbour. The island clubhouse with its porticoed verandahs, Toronto's largest wooden building, houses a ballroom, dining rooms and other social spaces. Other buildings house the sailing management offices, the junior club, lockers and workspace for the club's mechanics, riggers, woodworkers and marine yard workers. Island activities include sailing lessons for juniors and adults, sailing in club-owned boats, tennis, swimming and lawn bowling.<sup id="cite_ref-rcycchop_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rcycchop-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is an extensive chef’s garden cared for by about 25 volunteers as well as an extensive rose garden which dates back to the early 1940s </p><p>The island clubhouse is linked to the city by a launch service operated by two notable launches, both over a century old and built for the club. The <a href="/wiki/MV_Hiawatha" title="MV Hiawatha"><i>Hiawatha</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> built in 1895 and the <a href="/wiki/MV_Kwasind" title="MV Kwasind"><i>Kwasind</i></a> built in 1912<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which sail from a dock on the Ship Channel of the Toronto Harbour where it meets Cherry Street.<sup id="cite_ref-rcycchop_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rcycchop-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With its merger with the Carlton Club in 1974, the club gained a winter home in the city (and the addition of racquet sports to its attractions).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ten years later in 1984, the new city clubhouse, opened at 141 St. George St. in the Annex. It is an all-year facility, and provides dining and social spaces, squash and badminton courts, fitness and other facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-rcycchop_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rcycchop-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Model_collection">Model collection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Model collection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>RCYC possesses one of the finest collections of yacht models in North America, in spite of clubhouse fires in 1896, 1904 and 1918 that consumed many valuable examples.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The model of <i>Minota</i> was deliberately preserved with the marks of the 1918 fire.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The collection now includes over 170 models, about half displayed in the City Clubhouse Model Room with the remainder elsewhere in the City Clubhouse or in the Island Clubhouse. The Island's Flagship Room displays some three dozen models of past Commodores' yachts while the Eight-Metre Room shows a dozen of the type. Fifteen Fourteen-footer and International 14 models in the City Club bar provide the most comprehensive available guide to the class's development over a 100-year span. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_members">Notable members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notable members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Blake" title="Edward Blake">Edward Blake</a> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Counsel" title="King's Counsel">KC</a></span></span> - Premier of Ontario<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Roper_Curzon_Clarkson" title="Edward Roper Curzon Clarkson">Edward Roper Curzon Clarkson</a> - founding partner of accounting firm <a href="/wiki/Clarkson_Gordon_%26_Co" title="Clarkson Gordon & Co">Clarkson Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harding_Cuthbertson" title="George Harding Cuthbertson">George Harding Cuthbertson</a> - yacht builder and designer<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Stefan_Eaton" title="Fredrik Stefan Eaton">Fredrik Stefan Eaton</a> - businessman and philanthropist <sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Craig_Eaton" title="John Craig Eaton">John Craig Eaton</a> - businessman and philanthropist<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Glenholme_Falconbridge" title="William Glenholme Falconbridge">William Glenholme Falconbridge</a> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Counsel" title="King's Counsel">KC</a></span></span> - Chief Justice Ontario High Court <sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Flaherty" title="Jim Flaherty">Jim Flaherty</a> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Meritorious_Service_Cross" title="Meritorious Service Cross">MSC</a></span></span> - Finance Minister of Canada<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sir<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Flavelle" title="Joseph Flavelle">Joseph Flavelle</a> 1st <a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">Bt</a> - Industrialist and Baronet <sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Horace_Gooderham" title="George Horace Gooderham">George Horace Gooderham</a> - distillery owner and politician<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Casimir_Gzowski" title="Casimir Gzowski">Casimir Gzowski</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George">KCMG</a>- Lieutenant Governor of Ontario</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Henderson_(sailor)" title="Paul Henderson (sailor)">Paul Henderson</a> - Olympic sailor<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aemilius_Jarvis" title="Aemilius Jarvis">Edward Æmilius Jarvis</a> - business magnate<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Lamport" title="Allan Lamport">Allan Lamport</a> - Mayor of Toronto<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">John A. Macdonald</a> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath" title="Order of the Bath">GCB</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Counsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Counsel">QC</a></span></span>- Prime Minister of Canada</li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Godfrey_Peuchen" title="Arthur Godfrey Peuchen">Arthur Godfrey Peuchen</a> - Titanic survivor and military officer<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_James_Phelan" title="Paul James Phelan">Paul James Phelan</a> - Chairman of Cara Foods Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Henry_Plummer" title="James Henry Plummer">James Henry Plummer</a> - Financier - <sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Tyndall_Wright" title="Douglas Tyndall Wright">Douglas Tyndall Wright</a> OC - President Emeritus <a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo" title="University of Waterloo">University of Waterloo</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venues_of_the_2015_Pan_American_and_Parapan_American_Games" title="Venues of the 2015 Pan American and Parapan American Games">Venues of the 2015 Pan American and Parapan American Games</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Snider, C. H. J., Ovens, Frank <i>Annals of the Royal Canadian Yacht Club Volume I, 1852-1937: Volume 2, 1938-1954</i>; Ovens, Frank, Cuthbertson, G., Mallion, A., Caldwell, C. <i>Annals of the Royal Canadian Yacht Club Volume 3, 1955-2000</i> (published in a slipcased set) Royal Canadian Yacht Club, 2000</li> <li>Snider, C. H. J., Hyland, J. A., Wade, T. K., Bourke, C. W., Kimber, H. A., Sorsoleil, E. G., Reid, G., Standing, H., Wood, S. C., <i>1852-1952 The Royal Canadian Yacht Club</i>, Royal Canadian Yacht Club, 1952</li> <li>Daniel Spurr <i>Heart of Glass - Fiberglass Boats And The Men Who Made Them</i>, International Marine Publishing/McGraw-Hill, 2000</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Canadian_Yacht_Club&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-about-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-about_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-about_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rcyc.ca/about">"About RCYC"</a>. Royal Canadian Yacht Club<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+RCYC&rft.pub=Royal+Canadian+Yacht+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frcyc.ca%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rcyc.ca/ABOUT-US/History-of-RCYC.aspx?PageContentMode=1">"Heritage - History of The Royal Canadian Yacht Club"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heritage+-+History+of+The+Royal+Canadian+Yacht+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frcyc.ca%2FABOUT-US%2FHistory-of-RCYC.aspx%3FPageContentMode%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ycaol.com/internat.htm">World’s Oldest Yacht Clubs</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/annalsofroyalcan0000snid/page/n5/mode/2up?q=1852">"Annals of the Royal Canadian Yacht Club, 1852-1937 : With a record of the Club's trophies and the contests for them"</a>. 1937.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annals+of+the+Royal+Canadian+Yacht+Club%2C+1852-1937+%3A+With+a+record+of+the+Club%27s+trophies+and+the+contests+for+them&rft.date=1937&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fannalsofroyalcan0000snid%2Fpage%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3D1852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClub1856" class="citation book cs1">Club, Royal Canadian Yacht (1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cihm_91828/page/n13/mode/2up"><i>Laws and regulations of the Royal Canadian Yacht Club [microform]</i></a>. Éditeur non identifié. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780665918285" title="Special:BookSources/9780665918285"><bdi>9780665918285</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laws+and+regulations+of+the+Royal+Canadian+Yacht+Club+%26%2391%3Bmicroform%26%2393%3B&rft.pub=%C3%89diteur+non+identifi%C3%A9&rft.date=1856&rft.isbn=9780665918285&rft.aulast=Club&rft.aufirst=Royal+Canadian+Yacht&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcihm_91828%2Fpage%2Fn13%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Annals of the RCYC</i>, Vol. I, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionaryofarchitectsincanada.org/architects/view/1638">Frank Darling, Dictionary of Architects in Canada</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Annals of the RCYC</i>, Vol. I, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?Entt=RDMDC-PICTURES-R-448&R=DC-PICTURES-R-448">RCYC Clubhouse from 1881</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Historian to <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Market" title="St. Lawrence Market">St. Lawrence Market</a> Bruce Bell, quoted in <i>Rotary Voice</i>, September 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sailmagazine.com/canadas-cup-2011">Helm of the 2011 defender, <i>Heritage</i>, Robert Hughes, quoted in <i>Canada's Cup 2011</i> in <i>Sail</i>, Jul 6, 2011.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionaryofarchitectsincanada.org/architects/view/1322">Henry Sproatt, Dictionary of Architects in Canada</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://rcyc.ca/Heritage/RCYCModels/rcycmodels_p6">https://rcyc.ca/Heritage/RCYCModels/rcycmodels_p6</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/museum/pdf/Owen_Intro.pdf">Guide to the George Owen Collection, MIT Museum</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[<i>Annals of the RCYC, Vol I</i>, pp. 153-156]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Annals of the RCYC</i>, Vol. I, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionaryofarchitectsincanada.org/architects/view/1588">Charles John Gibson, Dictionary of Architects in Canada</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[<i>1852-1952 The Royal Canadian Yacht Club</i>, p. 52]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcyc.ca/ABOUT-US/History-of-RCYC/RCYCModels/rcycmodels_p9.aspx">C-Boats</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.rochesteryc.com/files/LYRA%20History%201884%20to%201962.searchable.pdf">https://www.rochesteryc.com/files/LYRA%20History%201884%20to%201962.searchable.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcyc.ca/ABOUT-US/History-of-RCYC/RCYCModels/rcycmodels-chrt.aspx">International Rule models</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.classicboat.co.uk/venture-ii-250000-us/">"Venture II - $250,000 US"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Venture+II+-+%24250%2C000+US&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.classicboat.co.uk%2Fventure-ii-250000-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[<i>Continuous Evolution – The Continuing Journey of the Canadian International 14</i>, Parts I, II, Rob Mazza, <i>Kwasind</i>, Aug. 2013, pp 12-23, <i>Kwasind</i>, Sept 2013, pp 12-22]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcyc.ca/ABOUT-US/History-of-RCYC/RCYCModels/modelRoom.aspx#redjacket"><i>Red Jacket</i> model and description</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Heart of Glass</i>, Daniel Spurr</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sailingscuttlebutt.com/2010/06/28/steve-clark-intl-c-class-catamaran-championship-2010/">"Steve Clark - Intl. C Class Catamaran Championship 2010 >> Scuttlebutt Sailing News"</a>. 28 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steve+Clark+-+Intl.+C+Class+Catamaran+Championship+2010+%3E%3E+Scuttlebutt+Sailing+News&rft.date=2010-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sailingscuttlebutt.com%2F2010%2F06%2F28%2Fsteve-clark-intl-c-class-catamaran-championship-2010%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sailingworld.com/gear/out-wing/">"Out on a Wing"</a>. 26 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Out+on+a+Wing&rft.date=2010-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sailingworld.com%2Fgear%2Fout-wing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rcycchop-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rcycchop_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rcycchop_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rcycchop_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rcyc.ca/about/Hours_Facilities">"Clubhouses and hours of operation"</a>. Royal Canadian Yacht Club. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190627130449/https://rcyc.ca/about/Hours_Facilities">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clubhouses+and+hours+of+operation&rft.pub=Royal+Canadian+Yacht+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frcyc.ca%2Fabout%2FHours_Facilities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.readtheplaque.com/plaque/m-v-hiawatha">"M.V. Hiawatha"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M.V.+Hiawatha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.readtheplaque.com%2Fplaque%2Fm-v-hiawatha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polsonironworks.com/shipBuilds/1912.shtml">"Polson Iron Works ships built 1912, T.R. Teary, Kwasind, MNCO No 6 Drill Scow"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Polson+Iron+Works+ships+built+1912%2C+T.R.+Teary%2C+Kwasind%2C+MNCO+No+6+Drill+Scow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polsonironworks.com%2FshipBuilds%2F1912.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuitenbrouwer2011" class="citation news cs1">Kuitenbrouwer, Peter (6 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131122035801/http://www.canada.com/story_print.html?id=6d129bb7-fbe4-4052-9a65-0e8f512cb111&sponsor=">"Doing water-tight deals"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Post" title="National Post">National Post</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canada.com/story_print.html?id=6d129bb7-fbe4-4052-9a65-0e8f512cb111&sponsor=">the original</a> on 22 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2011</span> – via canada.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Doing+water-tight+deals&rft.date=2011-08-06&rft.aulast=Kuitenbrouwer&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.com%2Fstory_print.html%3Fid%3D6d129bb7-fbe4-4052-9a65-0e8f512cb111%26sponsor%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.qcyc.ca/sites/default/files/QCYC_files/ourspirit/archives/1980s/1980%20Ontario%20Government%20Toronto%20Island%20Commision.pdf">https://www.qcyc.ca/sites/default/files/QCYC_files/ourspirit/archives/1980s/1980%20Ontario%20Government%20Toronto%20Island%20Commision.pdf</a> p.11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simon Stephens, Curator of the Ship Model and Boat Collection, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, UK</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcyc.ca/ABOUT-US/History-of-RCYC/RCYCModels/rcycmodels_p4.aspx"><i>Minota</i> model and description</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rcyc.ca/Heritage/RCYCModels/rcycmodels_p1">"RCYC Models | Panel 1 - Royal Canadian Yacht Club"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RCYC+Models+%26%23124%3B+Panel+1+-+Royal+Canadian+Yacht+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frcyc.ca%2FHeritage%2FRCYCModels%2Frcycmodels_p1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shellbacks.weebly.com/george-cuthbertson.html">"George Cuthbertson"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=George+Cuthbertson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshellbacks.weebly.com%2Fgeorge-cuthbertson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.humphreymiles.com/obituaries/Fredrik-Stefan-Eaton?obId=27112212">"Obituary information for Fredrik Stefan Eaton"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obituary+information+for+Fredrik+Stefan+Eaton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.humphreymiles.com%2Fobituaries%2FFredrik-Stefan-Eaton%3FobId%3D27112212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rcyc.ca/Heritage/RCYCModels/rcycmodels_p3">"RCYC Models | Panel 3 - Royal Canadian Yacht Club"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RCYC+Models+%26%23124%3B+Panel+3+-+Royal+Canadian+Yacht+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frcyc.ca%2FHeritage%2FRCYCModels%2Frcycmodels_p3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/falconbridge_william_glenholme_14E.html">"FALCONBRIDGE, Sir WILLIAM GLENHOLME"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FALCONBRIDGE%2C+Sir+WILLIAM+GLENHOLME&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Ffalconbridge_william_glenholme_14E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/2007/01/13/putting_middleclass_values_to_work.html">"Putting middle-class values to work"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i>. 13 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Putting+middle-class+values+to+work&rft.date=2007-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2F2007%2F01%2F13%2Fputting_middleclass_values_to_work.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.maritimeviews.co.uk/british-yachts-yachtsmen/canada-cup-1896/">https://www.maritimeviews.co.uk/british-yachts-yachtsmen/canada-cup-1896/</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rcyc.ca/About_RCYC/Board_of_Directors_Committees/Previous_Commodores">"RCYC | Previous Commodores - Royal Canadian Yacht Club"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RCYC+%26%23124%3B+Previous+Commodores+-+Royal+Canadian+Yacht+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frcyc.ca%2FAbout_RCYC%2FBoard_of_Directors_Committees%2FPrevious_Commodores&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sail-world.com/Canada/Canadian-sail-team-could-challenge-for-Americas-Cup/-77599?source=google">"Canadian sail team could challenge for America's Cup"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canadian+sail+team+could+challenge+for+America%27s+Cup&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sail-world.com%2FCanada%2FCanadian-sail-team-could-challenge-for-Americas-Cup%2F-77599%3Fsource%3Dgoogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rcyc.ca/About_RCYC/Board_of_Directors_Committees/Previous_Commodores">"RCYC | Previous Commodores - Royal Canadian Yacht Club"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RCYC+%26%23124%3B+Previous+Commodores+-+Royal+Canadian+Yacht+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frcyc.ca%2FAbout_RCYC%2FBoard_of_Directors_Committees%2FPrevious_Commodores&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hansardindex.ontla.on.ca/hansardeissue/37-1/l017.htm">"Hansard Issue: L017"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hansard+Issue%3A+L017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhansardindex.ontla.on.ca%2Fhansardeissue%2F37-1%2Fl017.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2012/03/09/maj_arthur_godfrey_peuchen_of_toronto_was_with_wealthy_friends_on_titanic.html#:~:text=Arthur%20Godfrey%20Peuchen%20was%20often,the%20Royal%20Canadian%20Yacht%20Club">"Maj. Arthur Godfrey Peuchen of Toronto was with wealthy friends on Titanic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i>. 9 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Maj.+Arthur+Godfrey+Peuchen+of+Toronto+was+with+wealthy+friends+on+Titanic&rft.date=2012-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fgta%2F2012%2F03%2F09%2Fmaj_arthur_godfrey_peuchen_of_toronto_was_with_wealthy_friends_on_titanic.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DArthur%2520Godfrey%2520Peuchen%2520was%2520often%2Cthe%2520Royal%2520Canadian%2520Yacht%2520Club&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toronto.ctvnews.ca/the-story-behind-why-12-toronto-streetcar-tickets-were-found-in-the-titanic-wreckage-1.6392896">"The story behind why 12 Toronto streetcar tickets were found in the Titanic wreckage"</a>. 10 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+story+behind+why+12+Toronto+streetcar+tickets+were+found+in+the+Titanic+wreckage&rft.date=2023-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoronto.ctvnews.ca%2Fthe-story-behind-why-12-toronto-streetcar-tickets-were-found-in-the-titanic-wreckage-1.6392896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rcyc.ca/About_RCYC/Board_of_Directors_Committees/Previous_Commodores">"RCYC | Previous Commodores - Royal Canadian Yacht Club"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RCYC+%26%23124%3B+Previous+Commodores+-+Royal+Canadian+Yacht+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frcyc.ca%2FAbout_RCYC%2FBoard_of_Directors_Committees%2FPrevious_Commodores&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Canadian+Yacht+Club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.maritimeviews.co.uk/british-yachts-yachtsmen/canada-cup-1896/">https://www.maritimeviews.co.uk/british-yachts-yachtsmen/canada-cup-1896/</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. 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