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class="col-sm-8"> <div class="highlighted"> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <h1 class="page-header"><span>Vicente Encalada Ramírez y Calviche</span> </h1> <article role="article" about="/biografias/78981/vicente-encalada-ramirez-y-calviche" class="bio full clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="wrapper-biografia"> <div class="field field--name-field-biografia field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field--label sr-only">Biografía</div> <div class="field--item"> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-weight:bold;">Encalada Ramírez y Calviche, Vicente. </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Villalpando (Zamora), </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">c. </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">1554 – Monasterio de Nogales (León), 4.VII.1609. Abad cisterciense (OCist.) de diversos monasterios, general reformador.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">En ninguno de los dos manuscritos utilizados para la composición de la semblanza de este monje de Villalpando se dice cuándo nació, pero sabiendo que ingresó en el monasterio de Nogales y recibió el hábito monástico en 1569, fácilmente se le puede ubicar hacia mediados del siglo xvi, por cuanto el hábito de novicio solía darse al cumplir los quince años, a no ser que el pretendiente ingresara de mayor edad, que no solía ser lo ordinario. Su llegada a Nogales fue en una coyuntura ventajosa: era el inicio de una época de un despliegue cultural que llenaría de esplendor aquella abadía, haciendo de ella una de las de mayor prestigio de la Orden. Acababa de fallecer en 1560 —por citar un sólo caso— fray Cipriano de la Huerga, natural de Laguna de Negrillos, el exegeta más relevante que pasó por la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, según testimonio de escritores ajenos al Císter. A él le seguiría una pléyade de ilustres varones, sobresaliendo entre los mejores fray Vicente, como bien pronto echaron de ver las altas jerarquías de la Orden, al confiarle los puestos de mayor relieve. Le nombraron abad de Santa María de Melón y Montederramo —en la provincia de Orense— y en 1596 fue nombrado para la misma dignidad en su propio monasterio de Nogales. En todas partes dio pruebas de gran prudencia y dinamismo en la solución de problemas difíciles. Según el cronista del monasterio, “mostró mucho valor, prudencia y sabiduría en el señalado gobierno que tubo por todo el tiempo de su empleo, reduciendo algunas novedades que se suscitaron a la antigua paz y asiento de nuestros estatutos inmemoriales, con la relación que hizo al Pontífice Clemente VIII”.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Entre los servicios prestados al monasterio, hay uno de los primeros días de su gobierno que fue llegar a un acuerdo con el obispo de Astorga, que se había propasado algo en interferir en los intereses del monasterio, al tratar de hacer un seminario en la ciudad. Como en tales casos era frecuente ir al pleito, aun entre eclesiásticos, fray Vicente creyó más evangélico y edificante para el pueblo llegar a un acuerdo con el prelado: el monasterio dejaría a la diócesis el patronazgo y derecho propio de las dos capillas simples de la Nora, Santa Cruz de Merillas, y la iglesia de san Pelayo, a cambio de que el prelado eximiera a los monjes del repartimiento y de cualquier otro impuesto relacionado con el seminario. De esta composición se libró la correspondiente escritura, levantada por Pedro Gómez, escribano real.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Las virtudes y dinamismo desplegados por fray Vicente en la solución de los negocios de los monasterios por donde pasó, trascendieron a todos los abades, quienes al tiempo de dar sucesor a fray Luis Bernaldo de Quirós, monje de Santa María de Huerta (Soria), se volcaron la mayoría con sus votos en el monje zamorano.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Ángel Manrique nos ofrece algunos datos discutibles sobre su manera de actuar durante su gobierno como general reformador. Sobre todo hace hincapié en un suceso acaecido en pleno Capítulo General, en que parece le vieron enajenado de los sentidos y como en delirio, habiendo vuelto luego en sí, no sin impresionar vivamente a los circunstantes. No obstante, según un cronista contemporáneo se deduce que los ánimos de los abades no estaban todos acordes, cosa normal entre hombres. Presidió la elección, por orden del Papa, el arzobispo de Manfredonia; hubo un primer escrutinio y los sufragios se dividieron entre fray Vicente Encalada, abad de Montederramo, fray Atanasio Corriero, abad de Osera, y fray Pedro de Lorca, catedrático de Teología en la Universidad de Salamanca. Se pasó a un segundo escrutinio en el que el presidente, basándose en las facultades otorgadas por el Pontífice, determinó que saldría elegido el que más votos tuviera de los tres canditatos. Como fray Vicente superó a los otros dos contrincantes, fue aclamado por general, a pesar de no ser ésta la normativa canónica habitual.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Para que se vea la rectitud e imparcialidad en el modo de proceder del padre Encalada, ofrecen los autores el caso de fray Dionisio, hijo de don Antonio, —infante de Portugal, pretendiente al trono de la nación vecina y sobrino de Felipe II—, quien habiendo ingresado en el monasterio de Valbuena, y una vez hecho el noviciado, al enviarle a los distintos colegios de la Orden para estudiar Filosofía —tal vez por complacer a su primo el rey Felipe III—, como a la hora de los exámenes no diera la talla requerida, fue cateado sin miramiento alguno y devuelto a su monasterio de Valbuena.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">A pesar de que Manrique se muestra misterioso al enjuiciar la actividad del padre Encalada, tanto en la represión de los abusos como en su manera de lidiar con fray Pedro de Lorca —la persona de mayor influencia en la congregación que le sucedería en el cargo—, se sabe que retirándose de toda preocupación terrena, se encerró en su propio monasterio de Nogales, donde le sorprendió una muerte santa, el 4 de julio de 1609. Las grandes virtudes y los méritos contraídos con la Orden, le hicieron acreedor a que sus hermanos le honraran con un sepulcro honorífico, en el cual estamparon un epitafio latino, resumen de su vida, hecho reservado únicamente para los grandes personajes distinguidos por su virtud o letras: </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Iynclitus Encalada iacet, Vicentius extat / Hos praesul tenuit, qui genere lares. / Ter fuit abbas, castra semel Cistercia rexit: / Nunc iacet hic pulvis, pulvere vita cart. / Obiit anno1609 die Julii 4.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Fuentes y bibl.: Archivo Histórico Nacional, ms. 5.564, fol. 445; Biblioteca Nacional, ms. 3.292, fol. 585 (el epitafio corresponde a este manuscrito).</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">D. Y áñez Neira, “El monasterio de Santa María de Nogales. Monjes ilustres”, en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Archivos leoneses, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">n.º 78 (1985), págs. 327- 328; “Zamoranos ilustres en la orden del Císter”, en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Nova et Vetera </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(Zamora, Benedictinas), XIX (1994), págs. 307-309.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Damián Yáñez Neira, OCSO </span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> <aside class="col-sm-4" role="complementary"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <section id="block-preguntasfrecuentes" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentbb506541-4315-4ede-8b34-510511732f52 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><a href="/preguntas-frecuentes">Preguntas frecuentes</a></p> </div> </section> <section class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockbiografia-destacada-block-2 clearfix" id="block-views-block-biografia-destacada-block-2"> <h2 class="block-title">Biografía destacada</h2> <div class="form-group"><div class="view view-biografia-destacada view-id-biografia_destacada view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-abc49452648ec8182ab30e2edab7dc7a613c12ce60b1a7e93240d74b457046ce"> <div class="view-content"> <div id="views-bootstrap-biografia-destacada-block-2" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel" data-interval="5000" data-pause="" data-wrap="0"> <div 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views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/78981/vicente-encalada-ramirez-y-calviche" hreflang="und">Vicente Encalada Ramírez y Calviche</a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-5 col-last"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"><div class="view view-personajes-relacionados view-id-personajes_relacionados view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-c7c30b91b68a096ea5a3c0c305e41b111d82271140eeb967aaf6b42bf66b024c"> <div class="view-header"> <h2>Personajes citados en esta biografía</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="block-dbepersonajessimilares" class="block block-dbe-block block-dbe-personajes-similares clearfix"> <div class="block-personajes-similares-wrapper"> <h1>Personajes similares</h1> <div class="personajes-similares-select-wrapper"> <select id="personajes-similares-select" class="form-select required form-control"> <option value="1" selected="selected">Mismo ámbito 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