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class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="David Freidel" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/86892/3234539/3806665/s200_david.freidel.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">David Freidel</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://wustl.academia.edu/">Washington University in St. Louis</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://wustl.academia.edu/Departments/Anthropology/Documents">Anthropology</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" 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class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by David Freidel</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31912682"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31912682/PROYECTO_ARQUEOL%C3%93GICO_EL_PER%C3%9A_WAKA_INFORME_No_5_TEMPORADA_2007_Editado_por_INFORME_ENTREGADO_A_LA_DIRECCI%C3%93N_GENERAL_DEL_PATRIMONIO_CULTURAL_Y_NATURAL_DE_GUATEMALA_Guatemala_2008"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of PROYECTO ARQUEOL脫GICO EL PER脷-WAKA': INFORME No. 5, TEMPORADA 2007 Editado por INFORME ENTREGADO A LA DIRECCI脫N GENERAL DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL Y NATURAL DE GUATEMALA Guatemala 2008" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52194344/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31912682/PROYECTO_ARQUEOL%C3%93GICO_EL_PER%C3%9A_WAKA_INFORME_No_5_TEMPORADA_2007_Editado_por_INFORME_ENTREGADO_A_LA_DIRECCI%C3%93N_GENERAL_DEL_PATRIMONIO_CULTURAL_Y_NATURAL_DE_GUATEMALA_Guatemala_2008">PROYECTO ARQUEOL脫GICO EL PER脷-WAKA': INFORME No. 5, TEMPORADA 2007 Editado por INFORME ENTREGADO A LA DIRECCI脫N GENERAL DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL Y NATURAL DE GUATEMALA Guatemala 2008</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JuanCarlosPerezCalderon">Juan Carlos Perez Calderon</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wustl.academia.edu/DavidFreidel">David Freidel</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Informe de actividades arqueol贸gicas de la 5ta temporada, 2007. Editado por H茅ctor Escobedo, Juan...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Informe de actividades arqueol贸gicas de la 5ta temporada, 2007.<br />Editado por H茅ctor Escobedo, Juan Carlos Mel茅ndez y David Freidel.<br />Publicado en 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e4d0613bfa079857a20d92a972fc932a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":52194344,"asset_id":31912682,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52194344/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNzMxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31912682"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31912682"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31912682; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31912682]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31912682]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31912682; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31912682']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31912682, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e4d0613bfa079857a20d92a972fc932a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31912682]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31912682,"title":"PROYECTO ARQUEOL脫GICO EL PER脷-WAKA': INFORME No. 5, TEMPORADA 2007 Editado por INFORME ENTREGADO A LA DIRECCI脫N GENERAL DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL Y NATURAL DE GUATEMALA Guatemala 2008","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Informe de actividades arqueol贸gicas de la 5ta temporada, 2007.\nEditado por H茅ctor Escobedo, Juan Carlos Mel茅ndez y David Freidel.\nPublicado en 2008"},"translated_abstract":"Informe de actividades arqueol贸gicas de la 5ta temporada, 2007.\nEditado por H茅ctor Escobedo, Juan Carlos Mel茅ndez y David Freidel.\nPublicado en 2008","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31912682/PROYECTO_ARQUEOL%C3%93GICO_EL_PER%C3%9A_WAKA_INFORME_No_5_TEMPORADA_2007_Editado_por_INFORME_ENTREGADO_A_LA_DIRECCI%C3%93N_GENERAL_DEL_PATRIMONIO_CULTURAL_Y_NATURAL_DE_GUATEMALA_Guatemala_2008","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-17T15:39:50.661-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6041142,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":28074429,"work_id":31912682,"tagging_user_id":6041142,"tagged_user_id":76225552,"co_author_invite_id":2527114,"email":"h***5@yahoo.com","display_order":1,"name":"H. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="3197783"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/3197783/Una_Figurilla_de_Estilo_Olmeca_del_Entierro_39_El_Per%C3%BA_Wak%C3%A1_Pet%C3%A9n"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Una Figurilla de Estilo Olmeca del Entierro 39, El Per煤-Wak谩, Pet茅n" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37247364/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/3197783/Una_Figurilla_de_Estilo_Olmeca_del_Entierro_39_El_Per%C3%BA_Wak%C3%A1_Pet%C3%A9n">Una Figurilla de Estilo Olmeca del Entierro 39, El Per煤-Wak谩, Pet茅n</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://loc.academia.edu/MatthewHRobb">Matthew H. Robb</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://dallasmuseumofart.academia.edu/MichelleRich">Michelle Rich</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wustl.academia.edu/DavidFreidel">David Freidel</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>XXV Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueol贸gicas en Guatemala</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Suroeste de Pet茅n, El Per煤-Waka麓, figurilla, Olmeca, adoraci贸n de ancestros ABSTRACT Burial 39 at...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Suroeste de Pet茅n, El Per煤-Waka麓, figurilla, Olmeca, adoraci贸n de ancestros ABSTRACT Burial 39 at El Per煤-Waka' is recognized for the tableau of 23 ceramic figurines exhibited last summer at the Museo Nacional de Arqueolog铆a y Etnolog铆a and in Fiery Pool: The Maya and the Mythic Sea. These figurines were located at the foot of the interred ruler, and complemented by the placement above the ruler's head of a greenstone figurine finely crafted in the Olmec tradition. As an element of an elaborate mortuary context, this heirloom figurine provides vital clues enhancing the interpretation of this ruler's place in the Classic-period Maya world. As such, our paper explores the meaning of the Olmec-style figurine and its significance within the context of an early 7 th century royal burial.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e80b9c20c29bc5e784e03332ee24994c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37247364,"asset_id":3197783,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37247364/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNzMxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="3197783"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3197783"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3197783; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3197783]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3197783]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3197783; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='3197783']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3197783, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e80b9c20c29bc5e784e03332ee24994c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=3197783]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":3197783,"title":"Una Figurilla de Estilo Olmeca del Entierro 39, El Per煤-Wak谩, Pet茅n","translated_title":"","metadata":{"more_info":"Michelle Rich, Matthew H. Robb, Varinia Matute, David Freidel, and F. Kent Reilly ","grobid_abstract":"Suroeste de Pet茅n, El Per煤-Waka麓, figurilla, Olmeca, adoraci贸n de ancestros ABSTRACT Burial 39 at El Per煤-Waka' is recognized for the tableau of 23 ceramic figurines exhibited last summer at the Museo Nacional de Arqueolog铆a y Etnolog铆a and in Fiery Pool: The Maya and the Mythic Sea. These figurines were located at the foot of the interred ruler, and complemented by the placement above the ruler's head of a greenstone figurine finely crafted in the Olmec tradition. As an element of an elaborate mortuary context, this heirloom figurine provides vital clues enhancing the interpretation of this ruler's place in the Classic-period Maya world. 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Tikal rebe...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Preclassic lowland Maya elected kings and were ruled by the Mirador State, Kaanal. Tikal rebelled under Yax Ehb Xook and established dynastic succession, a change adopted by Cholan speaking kingdoms in the Peten and adjacent areas.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5ef3a5ef4470a9d4da42710ef812ba72" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35233407,"asset_id":8905331,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35233407/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNzMxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8905331"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8905331"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8905331; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8905331]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8905331]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8905331; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8905331']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8905331, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5ef3a5ef4470a9d4da42710ef812ba72" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8905331]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8905331,"title":"Idea of Empire","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Preclassic lowland Maya elected kings and were ruled by the Mirador State, Kaanal. 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","owner":{"id":86892,"first_name":"David","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Freidel","page_name":"DavidFreidel","domain_name":"wustl","created_at":"2009-11-20T02:41:25.745-08:00","display_name":"David Freidel","url":"https://wustl.academia.edu/DavidFreidel"},"attachments":[{"id":35233407,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35233407/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Freidel_Idea_of_Empire_Ms_2012.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35233407/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNzMxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Idea_of_Empire.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/35233407/Freidel_Idea_of_Empire_Ms_2012-libre.pdf?1413968130=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIdea_of_Empire.pdf\u0026Expires=1733901441\u0026Signature=YqlN567vmCknJAxeCnaw0u9r8vDouExY3CRzkW-Ln0TGRKeAk3mGjGm7itViy6DTesAzPjlrF-sZWKaR6hIlv6Vub2OcoBXM-vBQQ0IlVOzGu0CNbXidwnoZ46MP8WWN5TxQRGvw5hcMslm211eBy1ztx1z6hwcP7u7Kmay84KyGViZp9DQZtJhSA1p0uOT2SGsrIWfETpwPZN-YpIpg147v6jgoo75OKhlti1XpwcpLLm63OfNK4PVfCZG5PAvOz9XgIFwYU83NiRzUdVPcM5klL~t~aGiObQSdA7~i6l6XXxgKKpdFg1Fby-3Xb2hPVM89bSCDePufEGGS6L44Sg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17715,"name":"Maya Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maya_Archaeology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="4799462"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/4799462/Flesh_of_God"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Flesh of God" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32098360/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/4799462/Flesh_of_God">Flesh of God</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">漏 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC i come today as a pilgrim from the east, from Maya lowland...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">漏 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC i come today as a pilgrim from the east, from Maya lowland country, sister and daughter civilization, to the heartland of the first civilization in our American part of the world: Olman, Olmec country. i will return to Maya country at the end of this journey. in Olman human ingenuity met a confluence of circumstances that gave birth to civilization. That birth was not engendered by people from Africa, or Asia, or Europe, but by Americans native to their place and time. You, the knowledgeable and dedicated creators of our understanding of Olman, have decisively confirmed the virgin nature of this birth. To be sure, we must all respect our ignorance of this human-made miracle and proceed to agree reluctantly to grand generalizations about it. But our science also demands bold conjecture and new knowledge comes both from the ground, as at El Manati, San Lorenzo, La Venta, chiapa de corzo and La Blanca, and from inspired contemplation of what happened at those places to create the intentional patterns now meticulously documented. The bold conjecture is this: claude L茅vi-Strauss, great anthropologist, said that food is good to think as well as to eat. 1 When people domesticated food, they domesticated themselves. That is to say, the means of physically reproducing people became just as dependent on the organized and conceptual model of the universe articulated by the wise and eloquent people in society as did the production of food. Domestication succeeds as a source of staple food when such cosmological models persist in the face of repeated failure. For growing food requires people to defy the arbitrary catastrophes of nature and create social means of countering them. in Olman, people created a model of the world in which they could effectively intervene in the cycles of nature. The metaphors appear na茂ve: to control rain, to give birth to maize, to contest with immortal disease and famine through the ballgame. But the social reality leaders bound to that religion worked. Over centuries of trial and error the leaders emerged as divine kings mobilizing labor not just to selfaggrandizement but to social survival; to the task of redistributing the risks of subsistence in ways that averted famine. How Olmec kings, after centuries of effort, became maize, the flesh of god and the flesh of their people, is the challenge facing us as scientists. That they became maize, and passed that truth on to successor civilizations of southeastern Mesoamerica, among them the lowland Maya, is a working hypothesis of growing productivity. 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Editado por H茅ctor Escobedo, Juan...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Informe de actividades arqueol贸gicas de la 5ta temporada, 2007.<br />Editado por H茅ctor Escobedo, Juan Carlos Mel茅ndez y David Freidel.<br />Publicado en 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e4d0613bfa079857a20d92a972fc932a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":52194344,"asset_id":31912682,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52194344/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNzMxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31912682"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31912682"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31912682; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31912682]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31912682]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31912682; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31912682']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31912682, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e4d0613bfa079857a20d92a972fc932a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31912682]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31912682,"title":"PROYECTO ARQUEOL脫GICO EL PER脷-WAKA': INFORME No. 5, TEMPORADA 2007 Editado por INFORME ENTREGADO A LA DIRECCI脫N GENERAL DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL Y NATURAL DE GUATEMALA Guatemala 2008","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Informe de actividades arqueol贸gicas de la 5ta temporada, 2007.\nEditado por H茅ctor Escobedo, Juan Carlos Mel茅ndez y David Freidel.\nPublicado en 2008"},"translated_abstract":"Informe de actividades arqueol贸gicas de la 5ta temporada, 2007.\nEditado por H茅ctor Escobedo, Juan Carlos Mel茅ndez y David Freidel.\nPublicado en 2008","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31912682/PROYECTO_ARQUEOL%C3%93GICO_EL_PER%C3%9A_WAKA_INFORME_No_5_TEMPORADA_2007_Editado_por_INFORME_ENTREGADO_A_LA_DIRECCI%C3%93N_GENERAL_DEL_PATRIMONIO_CULTURAL_Y_NATURAL_DE_GUATEMALA_Guatemala_2008","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-17T15:39:50.661-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6041142,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":28074429,"work_id":31912682,"tagging_user_id":6041142,"tagged_user_id":76225552,"co_author_invite_id":2527114,"email":"h***5@yahoo.com","display_order":1,"name":"H. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="3197783"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/3197783/Una_Figurilla_de_Estilo_Olmeca_del_Entierro_39_El_Per%C3%BA_Wak%C3%A1_Pet%C3%A9n"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Una Figurilla de Estilo Olmeca del Entierro 39, El Per煤-Wak谩, Pet茅n" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37247364/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/3197783/Una_Figurilla_de_Estilo_Olmeca_del_Entierro_39_El_Per%C3%BA_Wak%C3%A1_Pet%C3%A9n">Una Figurilla de Estilo Olmeca del Entierro 39, El Per煤-Wak谩, Pet茅n</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://loc.academia.edu/MatthewHRobb">Matthew H. Robb</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://dallasmuseumofart.academia.edu/MichelleRich">Michelle Rich</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wustl.academia.edu/DavidFreidel">David Freidel</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>XXV Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueol贸gicas en Guatemala</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Suroeste de Pet茅n, El Per煤-Waka麓, figurilla, Olmeca, adoraci贸n de ancestros ABSTRACT Burial 39 at...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Suroeste de Pet茅n, El Per煤-Waka麓, figurilla, Olmeca, adoraci贸n de ancestros ABSTRACT Burial 39 at El Per煤-Waka' is recognized for the tableau of 23 ceramic figurines exhibited last summer at the Museo Nacional de Arqueolog铆a y Etnolog铆a and in Fiery Pool: The Maya and the Mythic Sea. These figurines were located at the foot of the interred ruler, and complemented by the placement above the ruler's head of a greenstone figurine finely crafted in the Olmec tradition. As an element of an elaborate mortuary context, this heirloom figurine provides vital clues enhancing the interpretation of this ruler's place in the Classic-period Maya world. As such, our paper explores the meaning of the Olmec-style figurine and its significance within the context of an early 7 th century royal burial.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e80b9c20c29bc5e784e03332ee24994c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37247364,"asset_id":3197783,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37247364/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNzMxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="3197783"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3197783"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3197783; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3197783]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3197783]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3197783; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='3197783']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3197783, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e80b9c20c29bc5e784e03332ee24994c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=3197783]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":3197783,"title":"Una Figurilla de Estilo Olmeca del Entierro 39, El Per煤-Wak谩, Pet茅n","translated_title":"","metadata":{"more_info":"Michelle Rich, Matthew H. 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Tikal rebe...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Preclassic lowland Maya elected kings and were ruled by the Mirador State, Kaanal. Tikal rebelled under Yax Ehb Xook and established dynastic succession, a change adopted by Cholan speaking kingdoms in the Peten and adjacent areas.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5ef3a5ef4470a9d4da42710ef812ba72" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35233407,"asset_id":8905331,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35233407/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNzMxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8905331"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8905331"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8905331; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8905331]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8905331]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8905331; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8905331']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8905331, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5ef3a5ef4470a9d4da42710ef812ba72" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8905331]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8905331,"title":"Idea of Empire","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Preclassic lowland Maya elected kings and were ruled by the Mirador State, Kaanal. 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","owner":{"id":86892,"first_name":"David","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Freidel","page_name":"DavidFreidel","domain_name":"wustl","created_at":"2009-11-20T02:41:25.745-08:00","display_name":"David Freidel","url":"https://wustl.academia.edu/DavidFreidel"},"attachments":[{"id":35233407,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35233407/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Freidel_Idea_of_Empire_Ms_2012.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35233407/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNzMxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Idea_of_Empire.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/35233407/Freidel_Idea_of_Empire_Ms_2012-libre.pdf?1413968130=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIdea_of_Empire.pdf\u0026Expires=1733901441\u0026Signature=YqlN567vmCknJAxeCnaw0u9r8vDouExY3CRzkW-Ln0TGRKeAk3mGjGm7itViy6DTesAzPjlrF-sZWKaR6hIlv6Vub2OcoBXM-vBQQ0IlVOzGu0CNbXidwnoZ46MP8WWN5TxQRGvw5hcMslm211eBy1ztx1z6hwcP7u7Kmay84KyGViZp9DQZtJhSA1p0uOT2SGsrIWfETpwPZN-YpIpg147v6jgoo75OKhlti1XpwcpLLm63OfNK4PVfCZG5PAvOz9XgIFwYU83NiRzUdVPcM5klL~t~aGiObQSdA7~i6l6XXxgKKpdFg1Fby-3Xb2hPVM89bSCDePufEGGS6L44Sg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17715,"name":"Maya Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maya_Archaeology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="4799462"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/4799462/Flesh_of_God"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Flesh of God" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32098360/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/4799462/Flesh_of_God">Flesh of God</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">漏 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC i come today as a pilgrim from the east, from Maya lowland...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">漏 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC i come today as a pilgrim from the east, from Maya lowland country, sister and daughter civilization, to the heartland of the first civilization in our American part of the world: Olman, Olmec country. i will return to Maya country at the end of this journey. in Olman human ingenuity met a confluence of circumstances that gave birth to civilization. That birth was not engendered by people from Africa, or Asia, or Europe, but by Americans native to their place and time. You, the knowledgeable and dedicated creators of our understanding of Olman, have decisively confirmed the virgin nature of this birth. To be sure, we must all respect our ignorance of this human-made miracle and proceed to agree reluctantly to grand generalizations about it. But our science also demands bold conjecture and new knowledge comes both from the ground, as at El Manati, San Lorenzo, La Venta, chiapa de corzo and La Blanca, and from inspired contemplation of what happened at those places to create the intentional patterns now meticulously documented. The bold conjecture is this: claude L茅vi-Strauss, great anthropologist, said that food is good to think as well as to eat. 1 When people domesticated food, they domesticated themselves. That is to say, the means of physically reproducing people became just as dependent on the organized and conceptual model of the universe articulated by the wise and eloquent people in society as did the production of food. Domestication succeeds as a source of staple food when such cosmological models persist in the face of repeated failure. For growing food requires people to defy the arbitrary catastrophes of nature and create social means of countering them. in Olman, people created a model of the world in which they could effectively intervene in the cycles of nature. The metaphors appear na茂ve: to control rain, to give birth to maize, to contest with immortal disease and famine through the ballgame. But the social reality leaders bound to that religion worked. Over centuries of trial and error the leaders emerged as divine kings mobilizing labor not just to selfaggrandizement but to social survival; to the task of redistributing the risks of subsistence in ways that averted famine. How Olmec kings, after centuries of effort, became maize, the flesh of god and the flesh of their people, is the challenge facing us as scientists. That they became maize, and passed that truth on to successor civilizations of southeastern Mesoamerica, among them the lowland Maya, is a working hypothesis of growing productivity. 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