CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"e35bf103e0",applicationID:"198502244"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>g,gD:()=>h,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function g(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=g(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>d,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,d=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=h(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=m()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:v,listeners:h,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=m();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!m()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=h(e).concat(t)}function h(e){return n[e]||[]}function v(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function m(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log";n.K7.logging},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(2614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>P});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),g=r(384),p=r(6344);const h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],v=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var m=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993);var w=r(2646),A=r(3434);function R(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,A.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function E(){const e=(0,g.pV)();h.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function _(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const h={};var w=s.ee.get(e),A=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var E="api-",_=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function T(){}h.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,m.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},h.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),R(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},v.forEach((e=>{h[e]=j(E,e,!0,"api")})),h.addPageAction=j(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},h.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},h.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},h[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h.interaction=function(e){return(new T).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const S=T.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,m.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(A.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,m.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw A.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,m.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,m.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function k(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{S[e]=j(_,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),h.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(_,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),h.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,m.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>k()),!0):k(),h}var N=r(9417),T=r(8122);const S={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},j={};var k=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let O=!1;function P(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:l={},exposed:f=!0}=t;l.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");j[e]=(0,T.a)(t,S);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=j[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const h=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),v=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];O||(h.proxy.assets&&(I(h.proxy.assets),v.push(h.proxy.assets)),h.proxy.beacon&&v.push(h.proxy.beacon),E(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",k.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===h.soft_navigations.enabled&&h.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),l.denyList=[...h.ajax.deny_list||[],...h.ajax.block_internal?v:[]],l.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,l),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=_(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),O=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.274.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-gkYkZDAwQ9PwaDXs2YM+rNIdRej1Ac1mupWobRJ8eahQcXz6/sunGZCKklrzi5kWxhOGRZr2tn0rEKuLTXzfAA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={840:0,374:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(7603);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),g=i(5289),p=i(6154),h=i(384);const v=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function m(e){return!!(0,h.dV)().o.MO&&v(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(6389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(v(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,3861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return m(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(6630);class A extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(9908),E=i(2843),x=i(3878),_=i(782),N=i(1863);class T extends y{static featureName=_.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,R.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,x.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,R.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var S=i(3969);class j extends y{static featureName=S.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,S.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,h.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(A),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,h.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[A,T,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/plugins/ai-osano-integration/assets/js/ai-osano-google-consent.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cmp.osano.com/AzZnfwU2Pyhgb5yy3/1dc7eeca-3d0c-402f-b6b7-6794f1a1f555/osano.js"></script> <style> .osano-cm-widget{display: none;} /* privacy policy link in modal */ a.osano-cm-storage-policy.osano-cm-content__link.osano-cm-link { color: #36EB9F; text-decoration: none; } /* generic button style */ .osano-cm-button { border: 0; border-radius: .4em !important; } /* add space below toggles */ .osano-cm-list__list-item { margin-bottom: .7em; } </style> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ const AI_OSANO = { 'drawerLinkSelector' : ".cookie-settings-link" }; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { const osanoConsentLinks = document.querySelectorAll(AI_OSANO.drawerLinkSelector); osanoConsentLinks.forEach((link) => { link.addEventListener('click', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); Osano.cm.showDrawer('osano-cm-dom-info-dialog-open'); }); }); }); /* ]]> */ </script> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <script data-cfasync="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer> var gtm4wp_datalayer_name = "dataLayer"; var dataLayer = dataLayer || []; </script>   <title>Site Map</title> <meta name="description" content="Site Map" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.powermag.com/sitemap/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Site Map" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Site Map" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.powermag.com/sitemap/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="POWER Magazine" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/POWERmagazine/?eid=ARCX-gcC19LD579joiuiyNgkMBBj7kFB4ULWl5E82dprwFaEPjW4gngACBc7s40NDsdYvmBn2_R35_59" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2013-08-08T14:58:54+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2013-08-12T19:38:31+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/fc_pwr_030120.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="300" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="400" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@POWERmagazine" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.powermag.com/sitemap/","url":"https://www.powermag.com/sitemap/","name":"Site Map","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.powermag.com/#website"},"datePublished":"2013-08-08T14:58:54+00:00","dateModified":"2013-08-12T19:38:31+00:00","description":"Site Map","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.powermag.com/sitemap/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.powermag.com/sitemap/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.powermag.com/sitemap/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.powermag.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Site Map"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.powermag.com/#website","url":"https://www.powermag.com/","name":"POWER Magazine","description":"The power industry's trusted source for generation technology, O&M, and legal & regulatory news for coal, gas, nuclear, hydro, wind & solar power plants; power jobs","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.powermag.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.jsdelivr.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//apps.decisionbriefs.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//static.addtoany.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.parsely.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdnjs.cloudflare.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="POWER Magazine » Feed" href="https://www.powermag.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="POWER Magazine » Comments Feed" href="https://www.powermag.com/comments/feed/" /> <meta name="addsearch-custom-field" data-type="date" content="published_date=2013-08-08T14:58:54-04:00" /> <meta name="addsearch-custom-field" data-type="text" content="author=POWER" /> <meta name="addsearch-custom-field" data-type="keyword" content="content_type=Page" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/calendar" title="POWER Magazine » iCal Feed" href="https://www.powermag.com/events/?ical=1" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="POWER Magazine » Site Map Comments Feed" href="https://www.powermag.com/sitemap/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="google-gpt" src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" async="async"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ function aiAdMgmtLogSlotStatus(slotId, state) { console.log("AI Ad Mgmt - Ad ID " + slotId + " " + state); } googletag.cmd.push(() => { googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotRequested", (event) => { aiAdMgmtLogSlotStatus(event.slot.getSlotElementId(), "fetched"); }); googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotOnload", (event) => { aiAdMgmtLogSlotStatus(event.slot.getSlotElementId(), "rendered"); }); }); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="olytics-js" src="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/plugins/ai-ad-management/assets/js/olytics.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ googletag.cmd.push(function(){ googletag.pubads().setTargeting('path', '/sitemap/'); }); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/plugins/ai-ad-management/assets/js/olytics.targeting.js?v=2.0.0"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var AIAD_e340f307442066367e6eb877f6c24111, AIAD_1d400c332b44ecd455f08f6d641fb6e1, AIAD_d842683168fa932a62836ab134a898d6, AIAD_b234fc535e6dbeed6d5ba16dec698db4, AIAD_2202ea9ff0b47cb15f4ba276fa2237b4, AIAD_09942de8bfab061a06c6318d8e4fa428, AIAD_0f110fd2d5d9aad5812fe29dc0781637, AIAD_50746085f23c9765ce101e084cd9c66b; googletag.cmd.push(function(){ var AIMAP_e02b89857b91a11b8be92fca409827ba = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([980, 100], [[970, 90], [970, 250]]) .addSize([730, 100], [728, 90]) .addSize([500, 100], [468, 60]) .addSize([0, 0], [320, 50]) .build(); AIAD_e340f307442066367e6eb877f6c24111 = googletag.defineSlot('/987/powermag.com/pwr-native-content', 'fluid', 'div-gpt-in-content-repeating').addService(googletag.pubads()); AIAD_1d400c332b44ecd455f08f6d641fb6e1 = googletag.defineSlot('/987/powermag.com/leaderboard2020', [ [970, 90], [728, 90], [970, 250], [468, 60], [320, 50] ], 'div-gpt-top-leaderboard').defineSizeMapping(AIMAP_e02b89857b91a11b8be92fca409827ba).setCollapseEmptyDiv(true).addService(googletag.pubads()); AIAD_d842683168fa932a62836ab134a898d6 = googletag.defineSlot('/987/powermag.com/medrectrightrail2020', [ [300, 600], [300, 250] ], 'div-gpt-medrectrightrail-0').setCollapseEmptyDiv(true).addService(googletag.pubads()); AIAD_b234fc535e6dbeed6d5ba16dec698db4 = googletag.defineSlot('/987/powermag.com/floaterleaderboard2020', [ [970, 90], [728, 90], [970, 250] ], 'div-gpt-floater-leaderboard').defineSizeMapping(AIMAP_e02b89857b91a11b8be92fca409827ba).setCollapseEmptyDiv(true).addService(googletag.pubads()); AIAD_2202ea9ff0b47cb15f4ba276fa2237b4 = googletag.defineSlot('/987/powermag.com/pwr-fluid2020', [ [1, 1], [1024, 768] ], 'div-gpt-fullscreen').setCollapseEmptyDiv(true).addService(googletag.pubads()); AIAD_09942de8bfab061a06c6318d8e4fa428 = googletag.defineSlot('/987/powermag.com/leaderboard728_new0620', [ [970, 90], [728, 90], [970, 250], [468, 60] ], 'div-gpt-leaderboard-728').defineSizeMapping(AIMAP_e02b89857b91a11b8be92fca409827ba).setCollapseEmptyDiv(true).addService(googletag.pubads()); AIAD_0f110fd2d5d9aad5812fe29dc0781637 = googletag.defineSlot('/987/powermag.com/superleaderboard2020', [ [970, 90], [728, 90], [970, 250], [468, 60] ], 'div-gpt-super-leaderboard').defineSizeMapping(AIMAP_e02b89857b91a11b8be92fca409827ba).setCollapseEmptyDiv(true).addService(googletag.pubads()); AIAD_50746085f23c9765ce101e084cd9c66b = googletag.defineSlot('/987/powermag.com/pwr-native-content', 'fluid', 'div-gpt-native').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ai-addsearch-style-css' href='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/addsearch-search-ui@0.8/dist/addsearch-search-ui.min.css?ver=2.0.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ai-addsearch-custom-style-css' href='https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/plugins/ai-addsearch-integration/assets/css/ui.min.css?ver=2.0.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.powermag.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-parsely-recommendations-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .parsely-recommendations-list-title{font-size:1.2em}.parsely-recommendations-list{list-style:none;padding:unset}.parsely-recommendations-cardbody{overflow:hidden;padding:.8em;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.parsely-recommendations-cardmedia{padding:.8em .8em 0} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='som_lost_password_style-css' href='https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/plugins/frontend-reset-password/assets/css/password-lost.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ai-social-sharing-css' href='https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/plugins/ai-social-sharing/assets/css/style.css?ver=1.0.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='ai-social-sharing-inline-css' type='text/css'> .ai-social-sharing .a2a_kit .a2a_svg { background-color: #1c3144 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='theme-css-css' href='https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/themes/powermag-2023/assets/dist/theme.b969435cb903083a42e1.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='more-theme-css-css' href='https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/themes/powermag-2023/assets/style/theme.css?ver=1.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ai-ad-olytics-style-css' href='https://olytics.omeda.com/olytics/css/v3/p/olytics.css?ver=2.0.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/combine/npm/addsearch-js-client@0.8/dist/addsearch-js-client.min.js,npm/addsearch-search-ui@0.8/dist/addsearch-search-ui.min.js?ver=2.0.2" id="ai-addsearch-library-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.powermag.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.powermag.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery.cookie@1.4.1/jquery.cookie.min.js?ver=1.4.1" id="jquery-cookie-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="ai_core_ip_check-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var AICoreIPAuth = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.powermag.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","action":"ai_core_is_ip_authenticated","cachebuster_cookie_name":"NO_CACHE","ip_checked_cookie_name":"ai_core_ip_checked","nonce":{"name":"aicanonce","value":"387fda2592"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/plugins/ai-core-ip-auth/js/ai-core-ip-check.js?ver=1.5.2" id="ai_core_ip_check-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <style> .som-password-error-message, .som-password-sent-message { background-color: #dd3333; border-color: #dd3333; } </style> <meta name="tec-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="tec-api-origin" content="https://www.powermag.com"><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.powermag.com/wp-json/tribe/events/v1/" />   <script data-cfasync="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer type="text/javascript"> var dataLayer_content = {"pageTitle":"Site Map","pagePostType":"page","pagePostType2":"single-page","pagePostAuthor":"POWER","pagePostDate":"August 8, 2013","pagePostDateYear":2013,"pagePostDateMonth":8,"pagePostDateDay":8,"pagePostDateDayName":"Thursday","pagePostDateHour":14,"pagePostDateMinute":58,"pagePostDateIso":"2013-08-08T14:58:54-04:00","pagePostDateUnix":1375973934}; dataLayer.push( dataLayer_content ); </script><script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ const aiAdMgmtOlytics = { "applicationId" : "powermag-main-site", "behaviorId" : "2238G5785912A4L" }; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/plugins/ai-ad-management/assets/js/olytics.tracking.js?v=2.0.0"></script> <script data-cfasync="false"> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WWWKPH3'); </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebPage","headline":"Site Map","url":"http:\/\/www.powermag.com\/sitemap\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/www.powermag.com\/sitemap\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":""},"articleSection":"Power","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"POWER"}],"creator":["POWER"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"POWER Magazine","logo":"https:\/\/www.powermag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/cropped-logo2x.png"},"keywords":[],"dateCreated":"2013-08-08T14:58:54Z","datePublished":"2013-08-08T14:58:54Z","dateModified":"2013-08-12T19:38:31Z"}</script><link rel="icon" href="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/cropped-p-power-32x32.jpg" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/cropped-p-power-192x192.jpg" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/cropped-p-power-180x180.jpg" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/cropped-p-power-270x270.jpg" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> .tribe_events-template-default .tribe-events-event-image img { width: 500px; height: auto; margin: 0 auto; max-width: 80vw; } @media (min-width: 768px) { .leaderboard-ad { min-height: 100px; } } .slick-track, .slick-active { width: auto !important; } </style>  <meta name="google-site-verification" content="GT36o_ywMbkd3K_ZYOv1ibiLPt0UrK1JxoZZD6utf-4" />  </head> <body class="page-template-default page page-id-39401 tribe-no-js"> <div id="page" class="site"> <header id="site-header" role="banner" class="site-header"> </header>  <nav class="main-navigation navbar-nav sticky-top bg-light"> <div class="container-fluid"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://www.powermag.com"> <img class="site-logo" src="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/themes/powermag-2023/assets/images/power-logo.svg" width="225" height="45" alt="POWER Magazine logo"> </a> <div class="d-none d-md-block"> <div class="slogan"> <span>News & Technology </span><span>for the Global Energy Industry</span> </div> <div class="categories-button" role="button" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#categories-modal"> Featured Categories <i class="fa-solid fa-square-caret-down"></i> </div> </div> <div> <div class="login-controls d-none d-md-inline-block"> <a class="btn btn-lg btn-danger px-2 py-1 px-lg-3 py-lg-2" href="/power-membership">Sign up</a> <a class="btn btn-lg btn-primary px-2 py-1 px-lg-3 py-lg-2" href="/login?redirect_to=https://www.powermag.com/sitemap/">Log In</a> </div> <span id="toggle-searchbar" class="toggle-addsearch-autocomplete d-lg-none" role="button" data-bs-scroll="true" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#addsearch-autocomplete-offcanvas" aria-controls="navigation-hamburger" aria-label="Search"><i class="fa-solid fa-search"></i></span> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#navigation-hamburger" aria-controls="navigation-hamburger"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"><span class="visually-hidden">Open Navigation</span><i class="fa-solid fa-bars fa-lg"></i></span> </button> </div> <div class="offcanvas offcanvas-end offcanvas-navigation" tabindex="-1" id="navigation-hamburger"> <div class="offcanvas-header my-3 justify-content-end"> <button type="button" class="btn-close btn-outline-secondary ms-3 me-2" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button> </div> <div class="offcanvas-body px-0 pb-0"> <div class="container-fluid px-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-7 navigation-left-column"> <div class="nav-section-header">PAGES</div> <ul id="menu-pages-menu-hamburger" class="navbar-nav nav-section"><li id="menu-item-148975" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-148975"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/content-collection/power-media-kit-gated-2025/" class="nav-link ">Advertise / Media Kit</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42909" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-42909"><a href="/issues/" class="nav-link ">Archives</a></li> <li id="menu-item-156595" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-156595"><a href="/blog" class="nav-link ">Blog</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42913" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-42913"><a href="/partner-content" class="nav-link ">BrandConnect</a></li> <li id="menu-item-178166" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-178166"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/event/" class="nav-link ">Industry Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149047" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-149047"><a href="http://fullscreen.powermag.com/?_ga=2.33244030.1947231862.1581287783-1613332836.1553100807" class="nav-link ">Interactive Features</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42915" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-42915"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/careers-in-power" class="nav-link ">Jobs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-205520" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nav-item nav-item-205520"><a href="https://live-powermag.pantheonsite.io/e-letter-signup/" class="nav-link ">Newsletters</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148974" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148974"><a href="https://live-powermag.pantheonsite.io/category/power-podcasts/" class="nav-link ">Podcasts</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149048" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-149048"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/power-awards/" class="nav-link ">POWER Awards</a></li> <li id="menu-item-184096" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nav-item nav-item-184096"><a href="https://live-powermag.pantheonsite.io/power-plant-id/" class="nav-link ">POWER Plant ID</a></li> <li id="menu-item-156596" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-156596"><a href="/press-releases" class="nav-link ">Press Releases</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42923" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-42923"><a href="http://store.powermag.com/?limit=24" class="nav-link ">Store</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148973" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-148973"><a href="/videos/" class="nav-link ">Videos</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42919" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-42919"><a href="/webinars/" class="nav-link ">Webinars</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42917" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-42917"><a href="/white-papers/" class="nav-link ">White Papers</a></li> </ul> <div class="nav-section-header">CATEGORIES</div> <ul id="menu-categories-menu-hamburger" class="navbar-nav nav-section"><li id="menu-item-150436" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nav-item nav-item-150436"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/power-coverage-of-the-coronavirus-disease-covid-19/" class="nav-link ">COVID-19 Coverage</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148989" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148989"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/biomass/" class="nav-link ">Biomass</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149006" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149006"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/business/" class="nav-link ">Business</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148998" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148998"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/carbon-capture/" class="nav-link ">Carbon Capture</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149010" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149010"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/climate-change/" class="nav-link ">Climate change</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148982" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148982"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/coal/" class="nav-link ">Coal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148976" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148976"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/connected-plant/" class="nav-link ">Connected Plant</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149014" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149014"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/courts/" class="nav-link ">Courts</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149001" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149001"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/cybersecurity-2/" class="nav-link ">Cybersecurity</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148997" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148997"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/distributed-generation/" class="nav-link ">Distributed Energy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148980" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148980"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/distributed-power/" class="nav-link ">Distributed Power</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148978" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148978"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/electric-vehicles/" class="nav-link ">Electric Vehicles</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148996" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148996"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/energy-storage-2/" class="nav-link ">Energy Storage</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149009" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149009"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/environmental/" class="nav-link ">Environmental</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149015" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149015"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/finance/" class="nav-link ">Finance</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148979" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148979"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/fuel/" class="nav-link ">Fuel</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148986" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148986"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/fuel-cells/" class="nav-link ">Fuel Cells</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148983" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148983"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/gas/" class="nav-link ">Gas</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148992" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148992"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/geothermal/" class="nav-link ">Geothermal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149017" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149017"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/hr/" class="nav-link ">HR</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148988" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148988"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/hydro/" class="nav-link ">Hydro</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148981" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148981"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/hydrogen/" class="nav-link ">Hydrogen</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148977" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148977"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/iiot/" class="nav-link ">IIOT</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149008" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149008"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/instrumentation-controls/" class="nav-link ">Instrumentation & Controls</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149005" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149005"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/international/" class="nav-link ">International</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149013" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149013"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/legal-regulatory/" class="nav-link ">Legal & Regulatory</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149012" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149012"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/legislative/" class="nav-link ">Legislative</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149011" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149011"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/markets/" class="nav-link ">Markets</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149018" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149018"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/marmaduke/" class="nav-link ">Marmaduke</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148984" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148984"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/nuclear/" class="nav-link ">Nuclear</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148987" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148987"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/oceanmarine/" class="nav-link ">Ocean/Marine</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149019" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149019"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/om/" class="nav-link ">O&M</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149002" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149002"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/physical-security/" class="nav-link ">Physical security</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149020" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149020"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/plant-design/" class="nav-link ">Plant Design</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149003" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149003"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/power-demand/" class="nav-link ">Power Demand</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148985" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148985"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/renewables/" class="nav-link ">Renewables</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149004" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149004"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/research-and-development/" class="nav-link ">Research and Development</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149000" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149000"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/safety/" class="nav-link ">Safety</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149021" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149021"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/smart-grid/" class="nav-link ">Smart Grid</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148990" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148990"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/solar/" class="nav-link ">Solar</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149022" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149022"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/supply-chains/" class="nav-link ">Supply Chains</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148994" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148994"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/synfuel/" class="nav-link ">Synfuel</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149007" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149007"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/technology-2/" class="nav-link ">Technology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148993" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148993"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/tidal-power/" class="nav-link ">Tidal Power</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149016" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149016"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/top-plant/" class="nav-link ">Top Plant</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149023" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149023"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/td/" class="nav-link ">T&D</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148995" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148995"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/waste-to-energy/" class="nav-link ">Waste to Energy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149024" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149024"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/water/" class="nav-link ">Water</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148991" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148991"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/wind/" class="nav-link ">Wind</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148999" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148999"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/workforce/" class="nav-link ">Workforce</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-5 navigation-right-column"> <div class="sticky-top"> <a class="btn btn-primary" href="/login?redirect_to=https://www.powermag.com/sitemap/">Log In</a> <div class="widget-current-issue position-navigation"> <div class="section-heading">Current POWER Magazine Issue</div> <a class="issue-cta" href="https://www.powermag.com/issues/power-11192024/"> <img src="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/themes/powermag-2023/assets/images/group319.png" width="80" height="55" alt="View the latest issue on all your devices" /> <div class="issue-date"> <span>Issue </span>| Nov 19  <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-right"></i> </div> </a> </div> <div class="widget-start-subscription position-navigation my-4 my-md-0"> <div class="btn-wrapper"> <p class="we-are-first fw-normal fs-6"><i>POWER</i> is at the forefront of the global power market, providing in-depth news and insight on the end-to-end electricity system and the ongoing energy transition. We strive to be the “go-to” resource for power professionals, offering a wealth of information on innovative business practices, sound safety measures, useful productivity enhancements, and much more.</p> <a class="btn" href="https://www.powermag.com/power-membership/"> Start your subscription </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fullwidth hamburger-footer px-4 pb-1 pb-md-5"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="footer-nav-links"> <ul id="menu-footer-links" class="navbar-nav nav-section"><li id="menu-item-213927" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nav-item nav-item-213927"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/about-us/" class="nav-link ">About POWER</a></li> <li id="menu-item-213928" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nav-item nav-item-213928"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/contact-us/" class="nav-link ">Contact Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-213929" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nav-item nav-item-213929"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/privacy-policy-terms-conditions/" class="nav-link ">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-218948" class="cookie-settings-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-218948"><a href="#" class="nav-link ">Cookie Settings</a></li> <li id="menu-item-213930" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-213930"><a href="https://www.accessintel.com/diversity-inclusion-and-equity/" class="nav-link ">Diversity, Equity, Inclusion & Belonging</a></li> <li id="menu-item-213931" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-213931"><a href="https://www.accessintel.com/accessibility-statement/" class="nav-link ">Accessibility Statement</a></li> <li id="menu-item-213932" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nav-item nav-item-213932"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/sitemap/" class="nav-link ">Site Map</a></li> </ul> <div class="copyright">© 2024<a href="https://www.accessintel.com/"> Access Intelligence</a>, LLC - All Rights Reserved.</div> <div id="ai_ad_widget-4" class="text-center widget widget_ai_ad_widget"> <div id="div-gpt-floater-leaderboard"> <script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-floater-leaderboard'); });</script> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="nav-featured-items px-3"> <ul id="menu-horizontal-cat" class="navbar-nav featured-links"><li id="menu-item-184097" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nav-item nav-item-184097"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/power-plant-id/" class="nav-link ">POWER Plant ID</a></li> <li id="menu-item-177994" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-tribe_events_cat nav-item nav-item-177994"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/events/category/power-events/" class="nav-link ">POWER Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148970" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148970"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/business/" class="nav-link ">Business</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148942" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148942"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/coal/" class="nav-link ">Coal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148968" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148968"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/connected-plant/" class="nav-link ">Connected Plant</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148971" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148971"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/distributed-generation/" class="nav-link ">Distributed Energy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148966" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148966"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/gas/" class="nav-link ">Gas</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148969" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148969"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/international/" class="nav-link ">International</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148967" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148967"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/nuclear/" class="nav-link ">Nuclear</a></li> <li id="menu-item-148972" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148972"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/om/" class="nav-link ">O&M</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149127" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149127"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/renewables/" class="nav-link ">Renewables</a></li> </ul> <div class="d-flex"> <div class="categories-button" role="button" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#categories-modal"> <span class="visually-hidden">Categories</span><i class="fa-solid fa-square-caret-down"></i> </div> <div class="mx-2"> | </div> <span id="toggle-searchbar" role="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#addsearch-autocomplete-offcanvas" aria-controls="addsearch-autocomplete-offcanvas" aria-label="Search"><i class="fa-solid fa-search"></i></span> </div> </div>  <div class="offcanvas offcanvas-end offcanvas-navigation" tabindex="-1" id="addsearch-autocomplete-offcanvas"> <div class="offcanvas-header my-3 justify-content-end"> <button type="button" class="btn-close btn-outline-secondary ms-3 me-2" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button> </div> <div class="offcanvas-body"> <div class="adds-components"> <div class="adds-top-wrapper">  <div id="global-searchfield-container"></div>  <div id="global-autocomplete-container"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ai_ad_widget-5" class="widget widget_ai_ad_widget"> <div id="div-gpt-fullscreen"> <script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-fullscreen'); });</script> </div> </div> <div id="ai_ad_widget-2" class="py-1 mt-3 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center leaderboard-ad widget widget_ai_ad_widget"> <div id="div-gpt-top-leaderboard"> <script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-top-leaderboard'); });</script> </div> </div> <div class="categories-modal modal fade" id="categories-modal" aria-labelledby="categories-modal-header" tabindex="-1"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header "> <span class="modal-title" id="categories-modal-header">Category</span> <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> </div> <div class="modal-body pb-4"> <ul id="menu-categories-menu-hamburger-1" class="navbar-nav me-auto mb-2 mb-md-0 nav-section"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nav-item nav-item-150436"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/power-coverage-of-the-coronavirus-disease-covid-19/" class="nav-link ">COVID-19 Coverage</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148989"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/biomass/" class="nav-link ">Biomass</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149006"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/business/" class="nav-link ">Business</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148998"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/carbon-capture/" class="nav-link ">Carbon Capture</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149010"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/climate-change/" class="nav-link ">Climate change</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148982"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/coal/" class="nav-link ">Coal</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148976"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/connected-plant/" class="nav-link ">Connected Plant</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149014"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/courts/" class="nav-link ">Courts</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149001"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/cybersecurity-2/" class="nav-link ">Cybersecurity</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148997"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/distributed-generation/" class="nav-link ">Distributed Energy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148980"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/distributed-power/" class="nav-link ">Distributed Power</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148978"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/electric-vehicles/" class="nav-link ">Electric Vehicles</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148996"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/energy-storage-2/" class="nav-link ">Energy Storage</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149009"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/environmental/" class="nav-link ">Environmental</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149015"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/finance/" class="nav-link ">Finance</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148979"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/fuel/" class="nav-link ">Fuel</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148986"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/fuel-cells/" class="nav-link ">Fuel Cells</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148983"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/gas/" class="nav-link ">Gas</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148992"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/geothermal/" class="nav-link ">Geothermal</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149017"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/hr/" class="nav-link ">HR</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148988"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/hydro/" class="nav-link ">Hydro</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148981"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/hydrogen/" class="nav-link ">Hydrogen</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148977"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/iiot/" class="nav-link ">IIOT</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149008"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/instrumentation-controls/" class="nav-link ">Instrumentation & Controls</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149005"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/international/" class="nav-link ">International</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149013"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/legal-regulatory/" class="nav-link ">Legal & Regulatory</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149012"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/legislative/" class="nav-link ">Legislative</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149011"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/markets/" class="nav-link ">Markets</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149018"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/marmaduke/" class="nav-link ">Marmaduke</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148984"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/nuclear/" class="nav-link ">Nuclear</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148987"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/oceanmarine/" class="nav-link ">Ocean/Marine</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149019"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/om/" class="nav-link ">O&M</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149002"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/physical-security/" class="nav-link ">Physical security</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149020"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/plant-design/" class="nav-link ">Plant Design</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149003"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/power-demand/" class="nav-link ">Power Demand</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148985"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/renewables/" class="nav-link ">Renewables</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149004"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/research-and-development/" class="nav-link ">Research and Development</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149000"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/safety/" class="nav-link ">Safety</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149021"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/smart-grid/" class="nav-link ">Smart Grid</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148990"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/solar/" class="nav-link ">Solar</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149022"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/supply-chains/" class="nav-link ">Supply Chains</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148994"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/synfuel/" class="nav-link ">Synfuel</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149007"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/technology-2/" class="nav-link ">Technology</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148993"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/tidal-power/" class="nav-link ">Tidal Power</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149016"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/top-plant/" class="nav-link ">Top Plant</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149023"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/td/" class="nav-link ">T&D</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148995"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/waste-to-energy/" class="nav-link ">Waste to Energy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-149024"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/water/" class="nav-link ">Water</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148991"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/wind/" class="nav-link ">Wind</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item nav-item-148999"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/category/workforce/" class="nav-link ">Workforce</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="modal-footer px-4"> <div class="footer-nav-links"> <ul id="menu-footer-links" class="navbar-nav nav-section"><li id="menu-item-213927" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nav-item nav-item-213927"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/about-us/" class="nav-link ">About POWER</a></li> <li id="menu-item-213928" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nav-item nav-item-213928"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/contact-us/" class="nav-link ">Contact Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-213929" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nav-item nav-item-213929"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/privacy-policy-terms-conditions/" class="nav-link ">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-218948" class="cookie-settings-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-218948"><a href="#" class="nav-link ">Cookie Settings</a></li> <li id="menu-item-213930" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-213930"><a href="https://www.accessintel.com/diversity-inclusion-and-equity/" class="nav-link ">Diversity, Equity, Inclusion & Belonging</a></li> <li id="menu-item-213931" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-213931"><a href="https://www.accessintel.com/accessibility-statement/" class="nav-link ">Accessibility Statement</a></li> <li id="menu-item-213932" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nav-item nav-item-213932"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/sitemap/" class="nav-link ">Site Map</a></li> </ul> <div class="copyright">© 2024<a href="https://www.accessintel.com/"> Access Intelligence</a>, LLC - All Rights Reserved.</div> <div id="ai_ad_widget-4" class="text-center widget widget_ai_ad_widget"> <div id="div-gpt-floater-leaderboard"> <script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-floater-leaderboard'); });</script> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="page-wrapper"> <main role="main"> <section class="container-fluid"> <div class="row justify-content-between">  <aside class="col-lg-3 pe-lg-4 order-2 order-lg-1 pb-4"> <div class="widget-start-subscription position-sidebar my-4 my-md-0"> <div class="pb-3 mb-3 border-bottom"> <h1 class="h6 fw-bold mt-0 text-uppercase">Follow Us</h1> <ul class="social-media-links border-0 m-0 p-0"> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/POWERmagazine"> <span class="visually-hidden">Facebook</span> <i class="fa-brands fa-facebook-f"></i> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/POWERmagazine"> <span class="visually-hidden">Twitter</span> <i class="fa-brands fa-x-twitter"></i> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=4270601&trk=myg_ugrp_ovr"> <span class="visually-hidden">LinkedIn</span> <i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="btn-wrapper"> <p class="we-are-first fw-normal fs-6"><i>POWER</i> is at the forefront of the global power market, providing in-depth news and insight on the end-to-end electricity system and the ongoing energy transition. We strive to be the “go-to” resource for power professionals, offering a wealth of information on innovative business practices, sound safety measures, useful productivity enhancements, and much more.</p> <a class="btn" href="https://www.powermag.com/power-membership/"> Start your subscription </a> </div> </div> </aside>   <div class="col-lg-6 order-1 order-lg-2 pb-4"> <article> <div class="article-main"> <ul> <li class="categories">Categories <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-17"><a title="Power generation operations, plant siting, federal compliance, power plant finance, power generation saftey, power jobs" href="/category/business/">Business</a> <a href="/category/business/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Business" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-18"><a title="Coal power plant design, construction, operation and maintenance, as well as legal and regulatory issues." href="/category/coal/">Coal</a> <a href="/category/coal/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Coal" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-15"><a title="Diverse views on current and perennial power industry issues from guest commentators: power generation technologies, legislation, policy, economics" href="/category/commentary/">Commentary</a> <a href="/category/commentary/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Commentary" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-16"><a title="USB drives spread malware at power plants, DOE reveals used nuclear fuel strategy" href="/category/news/">News</a> <a href="/category/news/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under News" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-19"><a title="Renewable and fossil-fueled distributed generation technologies and policy, small-scale generation, user-generated power, microgrids" href="/category/distributed-generation/">Distributed Generation</a> <a href="/category/distributed-generation/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Distributed Generation" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-20"><a title="Legal and technical aspects of power plant environmental monitoring and control; regulatory issues" href="/category/environmental/">Environmental</a> <a href="/category/environmental/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Environmental" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-21"><a title="View all posts filed under Finance" href="/category/finance/">Finance</a> <a href="/category/finance/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Finance" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-22"><a title="Coverage of every aspect of gas-fired power plant design, construction, and O&M, including combined cycles, HRSGs, cogeneration, and LNG." href="/category/gas/">Gas</a> <a href="/category/gas/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Gas" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-23"><a title="View all posts filed under HR" href="/category/hr/">HR</a> <a href="/category/hr/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under HR" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-24"><a title="Power plant security issues. Latest developments and case studies of new and retrofit power plant digital and wireless instrumentation and control systems" href="/category/instrumentation-controls/">Instrumentation & Controls</a> <a href="/category/instrumentation-controls/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Instrumentation & Controls" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-25"><a title="FERC, energy markets, reliability, natural gas delivery" href="/category/legal-regulatory/">Legal & Regulatory</a> <a href="/category/legal-regulatory/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Legal & Regulatory" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-26"><a title="CFE Extends CTG Universidad Unit 2's Life with Conversion to Synchronous Condenser" href="/category/marmaduke/">Marmaduke</a> <a href="/category/marmaduke/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Marmaduke" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-27"><a title="Nuclear power plant design, licensing, construction, operation and maintenance, refueling, and uprating." href="/category/nuclear/">Nuclear</a> <a href="/category/nuclear/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Nuclear" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-28"><a title="Technical articles on all aspects of power plant operation, preventive and predictive maintenance, planned and unplanned outages" href="/category/om/">O&M</a> <a href="/category/om/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under O&M" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-29"><a title="View all posts filed under Plant Design" href="/category/plant-design/">Plant Design</a> <a href="/category/plant-design/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Plant Design" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-30"><a title="Power generation technology, project, and policy developments in wind, solar, geothermal, hydro, tidal, ocean, biomass, and waste-to-energy systems. " href="/category/renewables/">Renewables</a> <a href="/category/renewables/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Renewables" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a> <ul class="children"> <li class="cat-item cat-item-35"><a title="Geothermal power technologies, projects, potential, risks, and financing. Renewable Top Plant award winners. " href="/category/renewables/geothermal/">Geothermal</a> <a href="/category/renewables/geothermal/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Geothermal" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-36"><a title="Large and small hydropower, hydrokinetic, and ocean power projects and technologies" href="/category/renewables/hydro/">Hydro</a> <a href="/category/renewables/hydro/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Hydro" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-37"><a title="Solar power technologies and projects: photovoltaic, concentrating solar, solar tower " href="/category/renewables/solar/">Solar</a> <a href="/category/renewables/solar/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Solar" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-38"><a title="Coal-to-liquids and biofuel technologies, projects, and potential" href="/category/renewables/synfuel/">Synfuel</a> <a href="/category/renewables/synfuel/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Synfuel" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-39"><a title="Waste to energy power plants, alternative fuels, biofuels, " href="/category/renewables/waste-to-energy/">Waste to Energy</a> <a href="/category/renewables/waste-to-energy/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Waste to Energy" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-40"><a title="Technical articles and commentary on wind power generation issues for power plant owners and operators, from siting to financing and operating" href="/category/renewables/wind/">Wind</a> <a href="/category/renewables/wind/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Wind" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-31"><a title="Implications of smart grid development, projects, and policies for the power industry" href="/category/smart-grid/">Smart Grid</a> <a href="/category/smart-grid/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Smart Grid" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32"><a title="View all posts filed under Supply Chains" href="/category/supply-chains/">Supply Chains</a> <a href="/category/supply-chains/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Supply Chains" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-33"><a title="View all posts filed under T&D" href="/category/td/">T&D</a> <a href="/category/td/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under T&D" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-34"><a title="Technical, legal, and regulatory articles on water-related topics for power plants: cooling, wastewater, intake, chemistry, purge water, and once-through systems" href="/category/water/">Water</a> <a href="/category/water/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under Water" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-44"><a title="View all posts filed under General" href="/category/general/">General</a> <a href="/category/general/feed/"><img decoding="async" alt="Feed for all posts filed under General" src="/images/rss_button.gif" /></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li>Current Issues <ul> <li><a href='/current-issue-powernews'>POWERnews</a></li> <li><a href='/current-issue-power'>POWER</a></li> <li><a href='/current-issue-gas-power-direct'>Gas POWER Direct</a></li> <li><a href='/current-issue-coal-power-direct'>Coal POWER Direct</a></li> <li><a href='/current-issue-managing-power-direct'>Managing POWER Direct</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/mediakit/">Advertise</a></li> <li><a href="/powerconnect/">Buyer’s Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/careers-in-power/">Careers In POWER</a></li> <li><a href="/power-whitepapers/">Whitepapers</a></li> <li><a href="/power-webinars/">Webinars</a></li> <li><a href="/events-calendar/">Events Calendar</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/about-us/">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="/privacy-policy-terms-conditions/">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/feed/">RSS</a></li> <li><a href="/subscribe-to-power-print-e-newsletters-and-job-alerts/">Terms of Service</a></li> </ul> </div> </article> </div>   <div class="col-lg-3 ps-lg-4 order-3 pb-4 d-flex flex-column"> <div class="flex-grow-1 mb-2"> <div class="widget-ad sticky-top"> <div id="ai_ad_widget-3" class="text-center widget widget_ai_ad_widget"> <div id="div-gpt-medrectrightrail-0" style="min-height:250px;" > <script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-medrectrightrail-0'); });</script> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="flex-grow-1 mb-2"> <div class="widget-ad sticky-top"> <script>var AIAD_d842683168fa932a62836ab134a898d6_6742278aa7e04; googletag.cmd.push(function(){ var AIMAP_e02b89857b91a11b8be92fca409827ba = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([980, 100], [[970, 90], [970, 250]]) .addSize([730, 100], [728, 90]) .addSize([500, 100], [468, 60]) .addSize([0, 0], [320, 50]) .build(); AIAD_d842683168fa932a62836ab134a898d6_6742278aa7e04 = googletag.defineSlot('/987/powermag.com/medrectrightrail2020', [ [300, 600], [300, 250] ], 'div-gpt-medrectrightrail-0-6742278aa7e06').setCollapseEmptyDiv(true).addService(googletag.pubads()); });</script><div class="text-center widget widget_ai_ad_widget"> <div id="div-gpt-medrectrightrail-0-6742278aa7e06" style="min-height:250px;" > <script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-medrectrightrail-0-6742278aa7e06'); });</script> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="flex-grow-1 mb-2"> <div class="widget-ad sticky-top"> <script>var AIAD_d842683168fa932a62836ab134a898d6_6742278aa8144; googletag.cmd.push(function(){ var AIMAP_e02b89857b91a11b8be92fca409827ba = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([980, 100], [[970, 90], [970, 250]]) .addSize([730, 100], [728, 90]) .addSize([500, 100], [468, 60]) .addSize([0, 0], [320, 50]) .build(); AIAD_d842683168fa932a62836ab134a898d6_6742278aa8144 = googletag.defineSlot('/987/powermag.com/medrectrightrail2020', [ [300, 600], [300, 250] ], 'div-gpt-medrectrightrail-0-6742278aa8146').setCollapseEmptyDiv(true).addService(googletag.pubads()); });</script><div class="text-center widget widget_ai_ad_widget"> <div id="div-gpt-medrectrightrail-0-6742278aa8146" style="min-height:250px;" > <script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-medrectrightrail-0-6742278aa8146'); });</script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </section> </main> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer"> <div class="widget-start-subscription position-horizontal-bar my-4 my-md-0"> <div class="btn-wrapper"> <p class="we-are-first fw-normal fs-6"><i>POWER</i> is at the forefront of the global power market, providing in-depth news and insight on the end-to-end electricity system and the ongoing energy transition. We strive to be the “go-to” resource for power professionals, offering a wealth of information on innovative business practices, sound safety measures, useful productivity enhancements, and much more.</p> <a class="btn" href="https://www.powermag.com/power-membership/"> Subscribe Today! </a> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row mt-md-2 gy-4 mx-2"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="widget-start-subscription position-footer my-4 my-md-0"> <div class="pb-3 mb-3 border-bottom"> <h1 class="h6 fw-bold mt-0 text-uppercase">Follow Us</h1> <ul class="social-media-links border-0 m-0 p-0"> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/POWERmagazine"> <span class="visually-hidden">Facebook</span> <i class="fa-brands fa-facebook-f"></i> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/POWERmagazine"> <span class="visually-hidden">Twitter</span> <i class="fa-brands fa-x-twitter"></i> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=4270601&trk=myg_ugrp_ovr"> <span class="visually-hidden">LinkedIn</span> <i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="btn-wrapper"> <p class="we-are-first fw-normal fs-6"><i>POWER</i> is at the forefront of the global power market, providing in-depth news and insight on the end-to-end electricity system and the ongoing energy transition. We strive to be the “go-to” resource for power professionals, offering a wealth of information on innovative business practices, sound safety measures, useful productivity enhancements, and much more.</p> <a class="btn" href="https://www.powermag.com/power-membership/"> Start your subscription </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="widget-top-videos position-footer"> <div class="videos-wrapper"> <div class="mb-2 ratio ratio-4x3"> <iframe loading="lazy" title="High Energy Efficiency Plateflow® Gasketed Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers" width="200" height="150" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Mik6KkduPk4" srcdoc="<style>*{padding:0;margin:0;overflow:hidden}html,body{height:100%}img,span{position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;top:0;bottom:0;margin:auto}span{height:1.5em;text-align:center;font:48px/1.5 sans-serif;color:white;text-shadow:0 0 0.5em black}</style><a href='https://www.youtube.com/embed/Mik6KkduPk4?autoplay=1'><img width='700' height='393' src='https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/standard-xchange-xylem-screengrab2.jpg' class='attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image' alt='Standard Xchange_Xylem screengrab2' decoding='async' loading='lazy' srcset='https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/standard-xchange-xylem-screengrab2.jpg 700w, https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/standard-xchange-xylem-screengrab2-300x168.jpg 300w' sizes='(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px' /><span>▶</span></a>" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> <div class="article-title">High Energy Efficiency Plateflow® Gasketed Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="widget-events"> <h1 class="section-heading h3"><i class="fa-solid fa-calendar"></i> POWER Events</h1> <div class="slickunit" data-column-limit="1"> <div class="event-container"> <h2 class="visually-hidden">Experience POWER</h2> <a href="https://www.powermag.com/event/experience-power/" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"> <img width="600" height="210" src="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/experiencepowerlogo.png" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="ExperiencePOWERlogo" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/experiencepowerlogo.png 600w, https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/experiencepowerlogo-300x105.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /> </a> <p class="event-excerpt my-2"> <strong>Experience POWER</strong> Week brings stakeholders across the entire energy value chain (from generation to transmission, distribution, and supply) together in an intimate, solutions-driven environment to learn how to navigate the energy transition while keeping organizational goals on track. Access education focused on new and emerging trends like decarbonization, distributed energy resources, and the hydrogen economy, as well as traditional electric… </p> <small class="d-block mt-auto mb-3"> <strong>Oct 29 — Oct 31, 2025</strong> <br /> Denver, CO </small> <a class="btn btn-primary w-100" href="https://www.experience-power.com" target="_blank">Visit our site</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-info"> <nav class="footer-navigation navbar fixed-bottom bg-light d-none d-md-block" aria-label="Footer Menu"> <div class="container-fluid px-lg-5"> <div class="footer-nav-links"> <ul id="menu-footer-links" class="navbar-nav nav-section"><li id="menu-item-213927" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nav-item nav-item-213927"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/about-us/" class="nav-link ">About POWER</a></li> <li id="menu-item-213928" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nav-item nav-item-213928"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/contact-us/" class="nav-link ">Contact Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-213929" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nav-item nav-item-213929"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/privacy-policy-terms-conditions/" class="nav-link ">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-218948" class="cookie-settings-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-218948"><a href="#" class="nav-link ">Cookie Settings</a></li> <li id="menu-item-213930" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-213930"><a href="https://www.accessintel.com/diversity-inclusion-and-equity/" class="nav-link ">Diversity, Equity, Inclusion & Belonging</a></li> <li id="menu-item-213931" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item nav-item-213931"><a href="https://www.accessintel.com/accessibility-statement/" class="nav-link ">Accessibility Statement</a></li> <li id="menu-item-213932" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nav-item nav-item-213932"><a href="https://www.powermag.com/sitemap/" class="nav-link ">Site Map</a></li> </ul> <div class="copyright">© 2024<a href="https://www.accessintel.com/"> Access Intelligence</a>, LLC - All Rights Reserved.</div> <div id="ai_ad_widget-4" class="text-center widget widget_ai_ad_widget"> <div id="div-gpt-floater-leaderboard"> <script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-floater-leaderboard'); });</script> </div> </div></div> </div> </nav>  </div> </footer> </div> <script> ( function ( body ) { 'use strict'; body.className = body.className.replace( /\btribe-no-js\b/, 'tribe-js' ); } )( document.body ); </script>   <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WWWKPH3" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" aria-hidden="true"></iframe></noscript> <script> /* <![CDATA[ */var tribe_l10n_datatables = {"aria":{"sort_ascending":": activate to sort column ascending","sort_descending":": activate to sort column descending"},"length_menu":"Show _MENU_ entries","empty_table":"No data available in table","info":"Showing _START_ to _END_ of _TOTAL_ entries","info_empty":"Showing 0 to 0 of 0 entries","info_filtered":"(filtered from _MAX_ total entries)","zero_records":"No matching records found","search":"Search:","all_selected_text":"All items on this page were selected. ","select_all_link":"Select all pages","clear_selection":"Clear Selection.","pagination":{"all":"All","next":"Next","previous":"Previous"},"select":{"rows":{"0":"","_":": Selected %d rows","1":": Selected 1 row"}},"datepicker":{"dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesMin":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Prev","currentText":"Today","closeText":"Done","today":"Today","clear":"Clear"}};/* ]]> */ </script><link rel='stylesheet' id='slickslider-css' href='//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/slick-carousel@1.8.1/slick/slick.min.css?ver=1.8.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='slicktheme-css' href='//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/slick-carousel@1.8.1/slick/slick-theme.min.css?ver=1.8.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fontawesome-css' href='//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.5.1/css/all.min.css?ver=6.5.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="ai-addsearch-client-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.searchResultsPageUrl = '/search-results/'; window.addsearchConfigurationShared = { 'site' : 'powermag', 'sort' : 'relevance', 'indices' : {"adexchanger":"d93b86b9ec321b87ae61beaa1b0a148a","admonsters":"de2a970a3c8c56278e571498d90100a6","cablefax":"87673e9098bccb6938a558d71c702f10","chemengonline":"3225477b71e794c084c201d6b985125e","ormanager":"ecbe7dc49d396658c0d77f993b180baf","powermag":"569de8bb10d82a43dac48c49e6919b4f","prnewsonline":"b05f5f4f87709c2f6dac329f5c90339b","satellitetoday":"686d3bdcaf126d679d3de1efbaf8d17f"} } /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/plugins/ai-addsearch-integration/assets/js/ui.min.js?ver=2.0.2" id="ai-addsearch-client-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apps.decisionbriefs.com/js/custom/bigquery/tracking.v2.min.js?ver=1.0" id="bigquery-tracking-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="bigquery-tracking-onload-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var AIBQ = {"marketLabel":"power","applicationLabel":"powermag-main-site","brandLabel":"power","ip":"208.89.240.46","sessionId":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/plugins/aicore-analytics/tracking.onload.min.js?ver=1.0" id="bigquery-tracking-onload-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/plugins/frontend-reset-password/assets/js/password-lost.js?ver=1.0.0" id="som_reset_password_script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" id="addtoany-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/plugins/ai-social-sharing/assets/js/ai_social_sharing.js?ver=1.0.2" id="ai-social-sharing-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/plugins/duracelltomi-google-tag-manager/dist/js/gtm4wp-form-move-tracker.js?ver=1.20.2" id="gtm4wp-form-move-tracker-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.powermag.com/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=2810c76e705dd1a53b18" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.powermag.com/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-parsely/build/loader.js?ver=71d37502d12f3838b80d" id="wp-parsely-loader-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-parsely-loader-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.wpParselyHooks.addAction("wpParselyOnLoad", "wpParsely", aiAppendParselyIDToFormLinks, 10); function aiAppendParselyIDToFormLinks() { if(! window.PARSELY || ! window.PARSELY.config ) { return; } //get all Omeda subscription links for this page that do not yet contain the pid param (may either be iframes or anchor tags) const links = jQuery("iframe[src*=\"accessintelligence.dragonforms.com\"]:not([src*=\"pid=\"]), iframe[src*=\"ai.omeda.com\"]:not([src*=\"pid=\"]), a[href*=\"accessintelligence.dragonforms.com\"]:not([href*=\"pid=\"]), a[href*=\"ai.omeda.com\"]:not([href*=\"pid=\"])"); //if we're on a page post type, it's most likely a subscription page //in that case, use document.referrer to see which piece of content they came from //otherwise, the subscription link is likely embedded within content, so use window.location.href as the referrer instead const referrer = ( true ? (document.referrer || window.location.href) : window.location.href ); //grab UUID from global PARSELY object and append to each link //UUID example (includes 'pid=' prefix): "pid=XXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX-XXXXXXX-XXXXXXX" links.each(function(i, el) { let attr = jQuery(el).is('iframe') ? 'src' : 'href'; let link = jQuery(el).attr(attr); let qMarkOrAmp = link.includes('?') ? '&' : '?'; link = link + qMarkOrAmp + window.PARSELY.config.uuid + '&ref=' + encodeURIComponent(referrer); jQuery(el).attr(attr, link); }); } //handle AJAX-loaded links jQuery(document).on( "ajaxStop", function() { aiAppendParselyIDToFormLinks(); }); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" data-parsely-site="powermag.com" src="https://cdn.parsely.com/keys/powermag.com/p.js?ver=3.16.2" id="parsely-cfg"></script> <script crossorigin type="text/javascript" src="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/themes/powermag-2023/assets/dist/theme.a3a8bb20f3e59144634b.js" id="theme-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/slick-carousel@1.8.1/slick/slick.min.js?ver=1.8.1" id="slickslider-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.5.1/js/all.min.js?ver=6.5.1" id="fontawesome-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/plugins/page-links-to/dist/new-tab.js?ver=3.3.7" id="page-links-to-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"e35bf103e0","applicationID":"198502244","transactionName":"ZgdVNkVVVhZWWxJcCV9NdgFDXVcLGEsPWwFEDlYQ","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":499,"atts":"SkBWQA1PRRg=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>