CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91351b139c1fa3d0',cH: 'wrr0a32i2e5GJA5OwCBN9R78scyaEZwQqf4J17tQMeg-1739788265-1.2.1.1-FqjBe9dRH4AmPhnKx9drnKZJSG8fF_7FwmiPVPmR43I5m5DbSPWixG.1_02m9e8q',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=concept-based%20learning&__cf_chl_tk=JDamxy3h01bSS9xuSpD0uG80smqLxbxip2AVj6I3OB0-1739788265-1.0.1.1-IRuq3rjqtPFkeJPBVyQ.Hv2g7Ot7r.78zu2orGihrcA",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788265',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=concept-based%20learning&__cf_chl_f_tk=JDamxy3h01bSS9xuSpD0uG80smqLxbxip2AVj6I3OB0-1739788265-1.0.1.1-IRuq3rjqtPFkeJPBVyQ.Hv2g7Ot7r.78zu2orGihrcA",md: "IEEEcG82TxRZCBvSIm8GxSGpnE.v93WUCcN5wVl.yA8-1739788265-1.2.1.1-OVhGCoqpgh6OKy46SzaAJ3587jwsLltYETt7mLj2B9LYR1IYuncs.oo.oNkfXVBATzC9GWcApJED3szwLsHrW7mBl8JcQ7EBO25hIVCICA6gWO3LzJxxaqQ7sA3IZuDUDg0n7PQMEtrEq8DBb0e.HsdAcif2PIQULDcjAkDGb6o7QiVSbUR3rI3QcZFC5LAMj86rYV241B2ImoZB5kjlhXV_jEh2X.HG_5kz5Oq6dg85RunfbSHqBYVV_o4GVRblweko4ShhpANhkUeyx0LCnzYGiy7.qlRfa_bWWLsA3wT9GsbKXGVydrEdlg1UC7oPjY1vZBp7U6ZqfJpHgRtGqWHuoz.NLNQ4jMZwMIqxmY1kt0NpB1kMRZFoPCaesTP6RwsaZnn4fN2vGil0Pkn2tNI9gTstbTeRWTCZbr39L6pF9OPbnjz0kXy.FX797aPy5YSZyl39WJBsUswvzQWOcefHMOkIeeACClWAsIJrer6WZlN3msPX4DAlvzMx7Vpg0iRz7Ff1DSdpSZb1_auDKtH8sEtCVVjG0QJaewDJhM8bXTUTSq.ZVxW3qfrQp3662DVAN6rfYe8iQAgO.5hdTW4buYMfG8Y9eNYW73RCOjyvVlt_Bc1JSuAhGuz9OmOLTG8FQNq4Nc1RR51y3EjgCA63e._s8jyhcAHYUubSofDD.2dK2sO2QwI2EFS2NBUeh5VWZcCH._HhS10IWOnm3uh6oUYlfHgriWoBVyqe9qr4nXEX07l_Skl4hPIiuJkGRAfKWsWPOKOIo6L.8MF74.45V2E0W.pdxv4AfnJpEWNKTpkSCgyTCQql2nB.IC5AK46JY7_JRjpSqWpCDgPpWcITBHZxj.aZ4Eztr_5hISMSkfcGCdlTbOjO4t4noBy5OOUsqg23Vj1kJ9ytTcKjIB4WMZDbu3OTTVj65tjVf8s1f3LmBeSlz3D1.tMuJHp7.4OogYvCMro7CYAMSvuSkoQZY2hMzs5ZWY1bLrsR.r5O0ZQHGcs_OCJbeST6Qryj..voFLUZZQNki9GC6aduOBRZk97r.Lwsy.Pd1PLb65fxPqSDUIxhygBrvXpm1LZJ62KAB5tkcoX2CDY0PfBm8tmOgNfmggFeI0tLH2XbIly_IkFv1oBamL55g4_hyjRbF3kBtLePBVeccQM.kw0OKtDm80xWBcLBuExm3KoqrnsAZRk8RQY05mnuLCA5zYnYhEqdpw1R2aM8uOJL9qhV2k6wGz4OPGfOwyJWK.HlgdFOZMGj50pGyJp6Xl3IXQo01_emkKSQuT9.5bWdXseBLgqzKJC2LUQenzQObH5ThOF0hn1.aXi_a.yxQiwDzUDh0Ua3Js44ITQhB50Y2v7BYqgYFcW6HvTGBvBWi7hGOFqQGzScmUUQg6iTc.FtIwabtft8Hf09evgmvvWNvJ2kS9JPMePrhZvGJWfO_R4auEJfDBZb5MdT51JhoYQJ6dKopNJQKeKDxzFc4x6nHoSpNkWo.k4iLrqrHgQ5vYnOsyuogOZJbD9xlhEYAq7IKbnFVi8eAZMbCrJk2WF5S4oACrTFAQnCYZxYaGxl3ZZUdH07B6fTfiiCxEI4COsCgK7_qauKzA9XcdHv52iLKAsgc8MejERhYD.MeCRWUeV6lJ45bwmiAh8KOa48yr1LV7ziLU1k0NFC0JYvW1wUaGhLZNvzAUOeDutF2HflldmESBF7_D6yYd.cqNDKDADaK0ll1RQxv4cjpLhmtZPaOd.oK7T0GwTJQaaM1OgRteOBkOHVvf8.jUWprkfGi8oVZLq3aR2traDp2Lb_5mlFUVmCaWJ8POl_pQ2fsxKVxVgVOG4LZ7BrfAf2tuGd3NdVCVvElzSAIhF5gxRMBNY1Xmq7VEFAd6mdgrHonyGEz2JA0twzPnoXZAn4Q4QFYhAfVeIYwUvbs8BvUDToYHLC8x8VqP0ZcJl6qgg_EmE_TY.lD2GErrA6VLSujArkI5DKIEov",mdrd: "vbynF3dHAyeajneIcV_yKv4NgCARzilfAmav2WBRteA-1739788265-1.2.1.1-NJwshrwenHc5uyqXBXF6jfvOe74HGOnRfmLEk9IeoQaUfdiDeRQwF8woE.epqjBmljYrMNCE1oFAMRMLwn547Z1tY6uBeVm0VNWTbIP3xrVw8Cw8W_z9tZnti2qRQn9IupfuOoNJQg6JKzDgJLL8sX5rFgcTGS98FY5Ju19V6YSA42A_SnPz7sNHH5WAIsNloU5r_YJWBqE2tv0BXHphZqNgl3XgUcMARY10yNfHPpO2ezN_Adk8r3pj_54CBGQgxxBpd15qYf2FcWeaiKHAfDm94ksKKJswgHpWs.N.99kDxm9i7PinGMXjfTIhDfR_c8qJZ5IqWAjds3mbJdf.EdBESB6C2DBto_OFrikOcpuc6NBqJ0VsxgIfOwTrhNOkp8zsL5EuJM2sxi3Pul6hBDh5b2FpH0nLuxG6cqcLZW1l8j6geNkQtBWI146uOw_MWY6pwu68PeK9RINN5VpF0G5Hiy9iC3lgegkKjrlo3YNU2ZBAdV_Cmjak2uv2Uuwv3hki2DNDfS0ncT70AEoYBLwlvUqeYA0ww1y4uhwlWyu4xPLAVco4DmTiOhwKH.OD8EwbDd5ChPU6teLyGN3DWlsPDM5QkoMHjmjdma1B97hnDT3rCa0IJCly3DPYZrKhAQ_dXufAnCKQVr_leDwp.iOhynaB5lhfRGzxMMBD0iurXi9Ng9XuN5WJeEo5D.q5rsulW89TnSijllgZtxte8ONoQu2AGktfYa8ZQYBIBllr3.shB3t2DP2_VL3Om3Emf6UzsjhBvotCLxma28J3L3lUVRkffUkPpU1wMX1MmvXLdTq5Cqfyoo85nlHer.yryEnn9BnhJGCSZeXph0L9MNvjILctwevZn9kMzW0_Cd6HABCay0QQq1x9ntHzzdx6MMX4j2bZsqNqZ7mrj2dBYXvmRFjFqVlIaz8BnJPgE_hjnpC5OPlLpbph8idWklarX5eqf6j7w.NFk8uwIrvOFmeux2z5H.LKql3cutD40ejkQOVKN5UaH2P3otH.GQCmg7IY41UdihaIF6WUJOIbIBF3D8JoRpS6M13gXaM6HbDYGak7R6jK9kkXECbwAiY0B7pyOgMLE2UOav9k67gHf6dc16xUBp0wgcd4EV157kVbDcxObl9toCv4Yxl64KoQRCTp6J1HKpZlONRchzB6EAeRM4RE49zRssMA9aQIHoVbR2A.EhFFr_k8o8wCKiqOuvGfjVxREgy501xBMuxSOIhsjSZUIcVD4qG7b5Q0L3YK1RyBYvqgHexULU8Dnn4MUXoHlJlofuKzbFBOfQgzzaB_KBvuQdgTNm0DjQLkxKnykzBTSdzfPCUU5LeiIBzitEF.hyk8EJNlKrhZSQJDiCvZagVnM0x7rQOk2msAldr5jhThh8yB79.nhdRz.lVBC_1a0v.xTPZr2A9X8pD.4L9o_gxJ11gX1.MlacvLbLlNvsqXV9RDr3jW.u0XdALpCnBgv_6.IFPVDuCVBoBg26nyooVwzlWF8_hZXQB.Aop8KBG.uD5o2F62Fwch3ZNVmgg2tQ6_QY_4sTCxNp_iieSGOmZNGroTJ14L7C.LXHCBcNbJQhn6pu0XvJ12fvFyj_sGYI0cxasVKmj3ILv75XOBp6IBSiVNtMUZR2U_WwU6yv_hMAX2MIsL_9jeQbwic3PdBuRWXRn3ZIhZaaxfbBIWO.kA2L18Rkb6Rgjfkordc8URzRmEDOyP9JXkvIeuoMV7vMpmkrV4iJDseLz2qftL1.wgDoCpgiw0eBBMtGX9AI2lVD7StwncnKHmwQzLcyWaeK3MGxpkJ31SxydQbRIBKbRKGJ.9_fUgFprmIjHnBbVhZnPKOVbymA8eqmZBQhv_x.TXYcE1GcyKdtO3i.ED6FKeskq_5inpxvrQ6Mtulvp1KEyCBl887x0u6csB.Qo5jRy3lJnBRmlorcZE0Wk8vq1iQQiuGStIXu5bgd6boxVujMo3fK8F2cmOH.CSolp456BBsIWmriOd4e4ugg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91351b139c1fa3d0';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=concept-based%20learning&__cf_chl_rt_tk=JDamxy3h01bSS9xuSpD0uG80smqLxbxip2AVj6I3OB0-1739788265-1.0.1.1-IRuq3rjqtPFkeJPBVyQ.Hv2g7Ot7r.78zu2orGihrcA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>