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id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-理化性质" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#理化性质"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>理化性质</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-理化性质-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-医学用途" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#医学用途"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>医学用途</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-医学用途-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-不良反应" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#不良反应"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>不良反应</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-不良反应-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-药物相互作用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#药物相互作用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>药物相互作用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-药物相互作用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-药理学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#药理学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>药理学</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-药理学-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关药理学子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-药理学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-吸收与代谢" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#吸收与代谢"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>吸收与代谢</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-吸收与代谢-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-排泄" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#排泄"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>排泄</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-排泄-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-作用机制" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#作用机制"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>作用机制</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-作用机制-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-合成" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#合成"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>合成</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-合成-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相关条目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关条目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>相关条目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相关条目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考书目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考书目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>参考书目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考书目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">丙磺舒</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。19种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="بروبينسيد – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بروبينسيد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="پروبنیسید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پروبنیسید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probenecid" title="Probenecid – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Probenecid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probenecid" title="Probenecid – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Probenecid" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probenecid" title="Probenecid – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Probenecid" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probenecid" title="Probenecid – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Probenecid" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="پروبنیسید – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پروبنیسید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probenesidi" title="Probenesidi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Probenesidi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prob%C3%A9n%C3%A9cide" title="Probénécide – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Probénécide" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probenesid" title="Probenesid – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Probenesid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probenecid" title="Probenecid – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Probenecid" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%99%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B7%E3%83%89" title="プロベネシド – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プロベネシド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probenecid" title="Probenecid – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Probenecid" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A1" title="ପ୍ରୋବେନେସିଡ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପ୍ରୋବେନେସିଡ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probenecyd" title="Probenecyd – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Probenecyd" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probenecida" title="Probenecida – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Probenecida" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probenecid" title="Probenecid – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Probenecid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probenecid" title="Probenecid – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Probenecid" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Пробенецид – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пробенецид" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q900898#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Probenecid" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q900898" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title"><span title="國際非專利藥名（INN）：丙磺舒">丙磺舒</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Probenecid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Probenecid.svg/200px-Probenecid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Probenecid.svg/300px-Probenecid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Probenecid.svg/400px-Probenecid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="261" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;">臨床資料</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藥物命名法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Drug nomenclature"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%A5%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藥物命名法（页面不存在）">商品名</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_nomenclature" class="extiw" title="en:Drug nomenclature"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Drug nomenclature</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">Probalan，Benemid（旧称）<sup id="cite_ref-历史_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-历史-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;">其他名稱</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">羧苯磺丙胺、本尼米德、4-(二丙基氨磺酰基)苯甲酸</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E8%97%A5%E5%B8%AB%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="美國衛生系統藥師協會">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span title="www.drugs.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/probenecid.html">Monograph</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span title="medlineplus.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682395.html">a682395</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%99%E8%8D%AF%E9%80%94%E5%BE%84" title="给药途径">给药途径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">口服</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="解剖学治疗学及化学分类系统">ATC碼</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATC%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81_(M04)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATC代码 (M04)（页面不存在）">M04AB01</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=M04AB01">WHO</a></span>) </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;">法律規範狀態</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E7%94%A2%E5%93%81%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84" title="醫療產品法律規範">法律規範</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>处方药（<span class="Unicode">℞</span>-only）</li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="药物代谢动力学">藥物動力學</a>數據</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B5%86%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88" title="血浆蛋白结合">血漿蛋白結合率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">75-95%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="生物半衰期">生物半衰期</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2-6小时(计量: 0.5-1 g)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E6%B3%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="排泄作用">排泄途徑</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">肾(77-88%)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;">识别信息</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95" title="IUPAC命名法">IUPAC命名法</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">4-(dipropylsulfamoyl)benzoic acid<br />4-(二丙氨基磺酰基)苯甲酸</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;"></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/CAS%E5%8F%B7" title="CAS号">CAS号</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=57-66-9">57-66-9</a></span> <sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4911">4911</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/Guide_to_Pharmacology" title="Guide to Pharmacology">IUPHAR/BPS</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.guidetopharmacology.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4357">4357</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01032">DB01032</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.4742.html">4742</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E6%88%90%E5%88%86%E6%A8%99%E8%AD%98" title="特殊成分標識">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/PO572Z7917">PO572Z7917</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00475">D00475</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/ChEMBL897">ChEMBL897</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="CompTox化学品仪表板" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CompTox%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%81%E4%BB%AA%E8%A1%A8%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CompTox化学品仪表板（页面不存在）">CompTox Dashboard</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" class="extiw" title="en:CompTox Chemicals Dashboard"><span lang="en" dir="auto">CompTox Chemicals Dashboard</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="美国国家环境保护局">EPA</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID9021188">DTXSID9021188</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900898#P3117" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%81%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" title="歐洲化學品管理局"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.000.313">100.000.313</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900898#P2566" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;">化学信息</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%BC%8F" title="化学式">化学式</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>13</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>19</sub><span title="Nitrogen">N</span><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>4</sub><span title="Sulfur">S</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="摩尔质量">摩尔质量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">285.36 g·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;">3D模型（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="JSmol" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="JSmol"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=JSmol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSmol（页面不存在）">JSmol</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSmol" class="extiw" title="en:JSmol"><span lang="en" dir="auto">JSmol</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>）</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=O%3DS%28%3DO%29%28N%28CCC%29CCC%29c1ccc%28C%28%3DO%29O%29cc1">交互式图像</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83" title="简化分子线性输入规范">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">O=S(=O)(N(CCC)CCC)c1ccc(C(=O)O)cc1</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86" title="国际化合物标识">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C13H19NO4S/c1-3-9-14(10-4-2)19(17,18)12-7-5-11(6-8-12)13(15)16/h5-8H,3-4,9-10H2,1-2H3,(H,15,16)<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:DBABZHXKTCFAPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>丙磺舒</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（<a href="/wiki/INN" class="mw-redirect" title="INN">INN</a>：probenecid，缩写：<b>PBN</b>，化学名：<b>对-[(二丙氨基)磺酰基]苯甲酸</b><sup id="cite_ref-药典_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-药典-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，别名：<b>羧苯磺胺</b><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:1-2</sup>）是一种化学药物。为促尿酸排泄剂和抗生素辅助药物。用于治疗慢性<a href="/wiki/%E7%97%9B%E9%A3%8E" title="痛风">痛风</a>和<a href="/wiki/%CE%92-%E5%86%85%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA%E6%8A%97%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0" title="Β-内酰胺抗生素">β-内酰胺抗生素</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E5%AD%A2%E8%8F%8C%E7%B4%A0" title="頭孢菌素">头孢菌素</a>药物增效剂。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>丙磺舒于1949年由Miller、Ziegler和Sprague首次合成，并命名为“Benemid”<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-历史_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-历史-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战</a>期间，由于<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%9C%89%E7%B4%A0" title="青霉素">青霉素</a>价格昂贵且稀缺，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="霍华德·弗洛里">霍华德·弗洛里</a>为首的科研人员希望通过寻找一种药物来减少肾脏对青霉素的排泄来延长药效，减少青霉素用量。研究者在先后尝试<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BF%E9%85%B8" title="馬尿酸">马尿酸</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E6%9E%97%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡林酰胺（页面不存在）">卡林酰胺</a>（carinamide）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E9%BE%99%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡龙酰胺（页面不存在）">卡龙酰胺</a>（caronamide）等苯甲酸衍生物之后。丙磺舒以低毒性，延长青霉素<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="生物半衰期">半衰期</a>效果强而被选中，并于1950被被<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E6%B2%99%E4%B8%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="默沙东">默沙东</a>实验室正式作为青霉素辅助用药。并开启了1950-1960年代丙磺舒与β-内酰胺抗生素相互作用机制的研究活跃时期<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:前言+12-14</sup>。同期又发现其具有促进<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E9%85%B8" title="尿酸">尿酸</a>排泄作用，其适应症扩大到慢性痛风。<sup id="cite_ref-pmid13171805_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid13171805-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但随着抗生素生产技术的发展，丙磺舒的抗生素辅助用途被逐渐放弃<sup id="cite_ref-历史_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-历史-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1960年代曾因发现被发现可以阻断酸代谢物从中枢神经系统流出，因此成为研究脑和脑脊液神经递质水平的重要工具。并诞生了“丙磺舒测试”技术用于研究抑郁症及其他心理和神经系统疾病<sup id="cite_ref-历史_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-历史-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-神经学_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-神经学-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1987年<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E7%BE%8E%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%9C%83" title="泛美運動會">泛美运动会</a>首次检测到有运动员用丙磺舒掩蔽<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%BB%E5%9B%BA%E9%86%87" class="mw-redirect" title="类固醇">类固醇</a>药物检测。1988年被<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="国际奥林匹克委员会">国际奥委会</a>列入禁药清单<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="理化性质"><span id=".E7.90.86.E5.8C.96.E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span>理化性质</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：理化性质"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>丙磺舒为白色无臭粉末。 </p> <ul><li>熔点：198-201℃。</li> <li>溶解性：溶于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E9%85%AE" title="丙酮">丙酮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇">乙醇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E4%BB%BF" title="氯仿">氯仿</a>等有机溶剂、几乎不溶于水和稀酸溶液。<br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E6%BA%B6%E6%80%A7" title="脂溶性">脂溶性</a>，Kp值（氯仿/ 0.1 <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%B5%93%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="摩尔浓度">M</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" title="氯化氢">HCl</a>）>2000</li> <li>电离：为弱酸，<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E5%BA%A6%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0" title="酸度系数">pKa</a>=3.4（水）、5.8（甲醇）<sup id="cite_ref-药典_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-药典-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:1</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="医学用途"><span id=".E5.8C.BB.E5.AD.A6.E7.94.A8.E9.80.94"></span>医学用途</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：医学用途"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>促进尿酸排泄：</li></ul> <p>用于治疗慢性痛风和<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B0%BF%E9%85%B8%E8%A1%80%E7%97%87" title="高尿酸血症">高尿酸血症</a>。因为肝肾毒性原因在中国大陆已经被淘汰<sup id="cite_ref-北大_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-北大-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <ul><li>药物增效剂：</li></ul> <p>主要用于增加<a href="/wiki/%CE%92-%E5%86%85%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA%E6%8A%97%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0" title="Β-内酰胺抗生素">β-内酰胺抗生素</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E5%AD%A2%E8%8F%8C%E7%B4%A0" title="頭孢菌素">头孢菌素</a>等抗生素的血药浓度和半衰期，减小抗生素用量和次数，降低不良反应和耐药株产生<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>同时发现对于<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%AB%E5%AE%9A" title="齐多夫定">齐多夫定</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%9A%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%A6" title="西多福韦">西多福韦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B4%E6%98%94%E6%B4%9B%E9%9F%A6" title="更昔洛韦">更昔洛韦</a>等抗病毒药物也有一定增效作用<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:15</sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid7011657_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7011657-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <ul><li>掩蔽剂：</li></ul> <p>作为掩蔽剂，用于掩蔽某些运动员违禁药物的检测（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E6%AA%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="尿檢">尿检</a>）<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17027009_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17027009-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="不良反应"><span id=".E4.B8.8D.E8.89.AF.E5.8F.8D.E5.BA.94"></span>不良反应</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：不良反应"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>常见不良反应：恶心、食欲不振、头晕、呕吐、头痛、牙龈疼痛或尿频等。罕见不良反应：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E5%B0%8F%E6%9D%BF%E5%87%8F%E5%B0%91%E6%80%A7%E7%B4%AB%E7%99%9C" title="血小板减少性紫癜">血小板减少症</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A1%80%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="溶血反應">溶血性</a>贫血、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%A1%80%E7%97%85" title="白血病">白血病</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%91%E7%97%85%E5%8F%98" title="脑病变">脑病变</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid25392987_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25392987-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>丙磺舒理论上会引起尿酸盐晶体的在尿路沉积，增加<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%8E%E7%B5%90%E7%9F%B3" title="腎結石">腎結石</a>、肾绞痛和肾功能损害的风险<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。因此肾结石和/或肾功能不全的患者被限制使用丙磺舒<sup id="cite_ref-北大_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-北大-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="药物相互作用"><span id=".E8.8D.AF.E7.89.A9.E7.9B.B8.E4.BA.92.E4.BD.9C.E7.94.A8"></span>药物相互作用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：药物相互作用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>丙磺舒除了可以通过减少上述β-内酰胺类抗生素和抗病毒药物的排泄来实现血药浓度增加外，还对<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%89%98%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9" title="卡托普利">卡托普利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B2%E5%93%9A%E7%BE%8E%E8%BE%9B" title="吲哚美辛">吲哚美辛</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%AE%E6%B4%9B%E8%8A%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="酮洛芬（页面不存在）">酮洛芬</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%AE%E5%92%AF%E9%85%B8" title="酮咯酸">酮咯酸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%98%E6%99%AE%E7%94%9F" title="萘普生">萘普生</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%B9%E8%AF%BA%E9%85%AE%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="喹诺酮类">喹诺酮类</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E6%B0%A8%E8%9D%B6%E5%91%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="甲氨蝶呤">甲氨蝶呤</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%B3%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E6%B3%AE" title="劳拉西泮">劳拉西泮</a>等药物起减少排泄作用，从而导致这些药物的浓度增加<sup id="cite_ref-pmid7011657_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7011657-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="药理学"><span id=".E8.8D.AF.E7.90.86.E5.AD.A6"></span>药理学</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：药理学"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="吸收与代谢"><span id=".E5.90.B8.E6.94.B6.E4.B8.8E.E4.BB.A3.E8.B0.A2"></span>吸收与代谢</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：吸收与代谢"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>丙磺舒口服吸收率高，与<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" title="白蛋白">白蛋白</a>结合率高，血浆<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%83%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" title="球蛋白">球蛋白</a>结合率低。除肾脏外，丙磺舒不会在组织和器官中积蓄，主要在肾脏<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%8E%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D" title="腎單位">肾小管</a>中积蓄。且因其脂溶性可透过血脑屏障。 </p><p>丙磺舒在体内代谢途径：首先经过丙基侧脸氧化、然后与<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%B3%96%E9%86%9B%E9%85%B8" title="葡萄糖醛酸">葡萄糖醛酸</a>结合形成乙醇葡萄糖醛酸化合物代谢产物或者丙磺舒原型药物直接排泄<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2-4</sup><sup id="cite_ref-神经学_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-神经学-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="排泄"><span id=".E6.8E.92.E6.B3.84"></span>排泄</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：排泄"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>丙磺舒主要经肾排泄，排泄产物少部分为原型药物(5-11%),大部分主要为丙磺舒的酰基葡萄糖醛酸结合物(约占55.7%)，其在肾小管细胞中生成，其余排泄产物为约等量的4种丙磺舒的单N-丙基、仲醇、羧酸、伯醇<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>形式代谢产物<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:4-6</sup><sup id="cite_ref-神经学_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-神经学-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="作用机制"><span id=".E4.BD.9C.E7.94.A8.E6.9C.BA.E5.88.B6"></span>作用机制</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：作用机制"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>丙磺舒作为酸性化合物，本身以及代谢产物通过作用于肾近曲小管的有机阴离子转运蛋白(OAT)中尿酸盐转运蛋白（Urate Transporter 1，URAT1）的主动排泌作用，抑制尿酸盐在肾小管的重吸收使得尿酸从尿液中排出，从而减低血液尿酸浓度<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:12-16</sup>。同时可通过抑制泛连接蛋白-1（Pannexin-1）减少<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E4%BB%8B%E7%B4%A0" title="白细胞介素">白细胞介素-1β</a>( IL-1β)来减少<a href="/wiki/%E7%97%9B%E9%A3%8E%E7%9F%B3" title="痛风石">痛风结石</a>造成的炎症反应<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18596212_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18596212-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>丙磺舒作用于OAT，除了抑制尿酸重吸收外，还可与青霉素等β-内酰胺类抗生素竞争排泄，从而增加抗生素血液浓度<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。头孢菌素和西多福韦的肾毒性也是通过这些OAT介导的，因此丙磺舒可用于减少这些药物的肾毒性作用<sup id="cite_ref-pmid7011657_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7011657-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:17-18</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="合成"><span id=".E5.90.88.E6.88.90"></span>合成</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：合成"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>4-氰基苯磺酰氯经<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%99%E8%83%BA" title="二丙胺">二丙胺</a>磺胺化，后酸性下水解即可得到丙磺舒 <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Probenecid_synthesis.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Probenecid_synthesis.svg/500px-Probenecid_synthesis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Probenecid_synthesis.svg/750px-Probenecid_synthesis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Probenecid_synthesis.svg/1000px-Probenecid_synthesis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="59" /></a></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">丙磺舒N上一个丙基侧基（-Pr）分别变为-H，-CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH、-CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COOH、-CH<sub>2</sub>CHOHCH<sub>3</sub></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相关条目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E6.9D.A1.E7.9B.AE"></span>相关条目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：相关条目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%AB%E5%98%8C%E9%86%87" title="别嘌醇">别嘌醇</a> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%B4%E8%8B%AF%E9%A9%AC%E9%9A%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溴苯马隆（页面不存在）">溴苯马隆</a> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%B8%83%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%96" title="非布司他">非布司他</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-历史-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-历史_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-历史_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-历史_1-2"><sup><b>1.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-历史_1-3"><sup><b>1.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Nathan Robbins, Sheryl E Koch, Michael Tranter, Jack Rubinstein. The history and future of probenecid. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2012, <b>12</b>: 1–9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21938493"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 21938493</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12012-011-9145-8"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1007/s12012-011-9145-8</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92&rft.atitle=The+history+and+future+of+probenecid&rft.au=Nathan+Robbins%2C+Sheryl+E+Koch%2C+Michael+Tranter%2C+Jack+Rubinstein&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cardiovasc+Toxicol&rft.pages=1-9&rft.volume=12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12012-011-9145-8&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21938493&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.gov.cn/bgt/pw10707/200707/03480b2a7af845e29417fb553e81760a.shtml">卫生部关于印发《处方常用药品通用名目录》的通知（卫医发[2007]101号）</a>. 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会办公厅. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-06-23</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E9%83%A8%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%8D%B0%E5%8F%91%E3%80%8A%E5%A4%84%E6%96%B9%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%8D%AF%E5%93%81%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%90%8D%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E3%80%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5%EF%BC%88%E5%8D%AB%E5%8C%BB%E5%8F%91%5B2007%5D101%E5%8F%B7%EF%BC%89&rft.au=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%8E%85&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.gov.cn%2Fbgt%2Fpw10707%2F200707%2F03480b2a7af845e29417fb553e81760a.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-药典-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-药典_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-药典_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">国家药典委员会. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ydz.chp.org.cn/#/item?bookId=2&entryId=2530">丙磺舒</a>. 中华人民共和国药典：2020版. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-06-23</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240506134309/https://ydz.chp.org.cn/#/item?bookId=2&entryId=2530">存档</a>于2024-05-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92&rft.au=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%8D%AF%E5%85%B8%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E8%8D%AF%E5%85%B8%EF%BC%9A2020%E7%89%88&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fydz.chp.org.cn%2F%23%2Fitem%3FbookId%3D2%26entryId%3D2530&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006_4-2"><sup><b>4.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006_4-3"><sup><b>4.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006_4-4"><sup><b>4.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006_4-5"><sup><b>4.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006_4-6"><sup><b>4.6</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE吴晓辉;董涛2006_4-7"><sup><b>4.7</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF吴晓辉;董涛2006">吴晓辉;董涛 (2006)</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnp模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREF吴晓辉;董涛2006 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">SE McKinney, HM Peck, JM Bochey, BB Byham, GS Schuchardt, KH Beyer. Benemid, p-(DI-n-propylsulfamyl)-benzoic acid; toxicologic properties <b>102</b> (3): 208–214. 1951. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14851208"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 14851208</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92&rft.atitle=Benemid%2C+p-%28DI-n-propylsulfamyl%29-benzoic+acid%3B+toxicologic+properties&rft.au=SE+McKinney%2C+HM+Peck%2C+JM+Bochey%2C+BB+Byham%2C+GS+Schuchardt%2C+KH+Beyer&rft.date=1951&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=208-214&rft.volume=102&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14851208&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid13171805-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid13171805_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Mason RM. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-the-rheumatic-diseases_1954-06_13_2/page/120">Studies on the effect of probenecid (benemid) in gout</a>. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. June 1954, <b>13</b> (2): 120–130. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1030399"><span title="公共医学中心">PMC 1030399</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13171805"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 13171805</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fard.13.2.120"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1136/ard.13.2.120</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92&rft.atitle=Studies+on+the+effect+of+probenecid+%28benemid%29+in+gout&rft.aufirst=RM&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.date=1954-06&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Rheumatic+Diseases&rft.pages=120-130&rft.volume=13&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1030399&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_annals-of-the-rheumatic-diseases_1954-06_13_2%2Fpage%2F120&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fard.13.2.120&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13171805&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-神经学-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-神经学_7-0"><sup><b>7.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-神经学_7-1"><sup><b>7.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-神经学_7-2"><sup><b>7.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">García-Rodríguez C, Mujica P, Illanes-González J, López A, Vargas C, Sáez JC, González-Jamett A, Ardiles ÁO. 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丙磺舒与β-内酰胺类抗生素第一版. 上海: 上海科技教育出版社. 2006年10月. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7-5428-4258-7" title="Special:网络书源/7-5428-4258-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7-5428-4258-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92&rft.au=%E5%90%B4%E6%99%93%E8%BE%89&rft.au=%E8%91%A3%E6%B6%9B&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%99%E7%A3%BA%E8%88%92%E4%B8%8E%CE%B2-%E5%86%85%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA%E7%B1%BB%E6%8A%97%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0&rft.date=2006-10&rft.edition=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%89%88&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7-5428-4258-7&rft.place=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7&rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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