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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Fountain" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Fountain" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Utställningen_1917" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utställningen_1917"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Utställningen 1917</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utställningen_1917-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Originalet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Originalet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Originalet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Originalet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repliker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repliker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Repliker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repliker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upphovsperson_till_Fountain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upphovsperson_till_Fountain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Upphovsperson till <i>Fountain</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upphovsperson_till_Fountain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Avspeglingar_i_konsthistorien" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avspeglingar_i_konsthistorien"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Avspeglingar i konsthistorien</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avspeglingar_i_konsthistorien-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samlarintresse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samlarintresse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Samlarintresse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samlarintresse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Källor-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Källor</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fountain</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 27 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountain" title="Fountain – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fountain" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8)" title="النافورة (دوشامب) – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="النافورة (دوشامب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Фантан (Дзюшан) – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фантан (Дзюшан)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontaine_(Duchamp)" title="Fontaine (Duchamp) – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fontaine (Duchamp)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Font_(Duchamp)" title="Font (Duchamp) – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Font (Duchamp)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Font%C3%A1na_(Duchamp)" title="Fontána (Duchamp) – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fontána (Duchamp)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountain" title="Fountain – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fountain" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp)" title="Fountain (Duchamp) – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fountain (Duchamp)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B7_(%CE%9D%CF%84%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AC%CE%BD)" title="Κρήνη (Ντυσάν) – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κρήνη (Ντυσάν)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp)" title="Fountain (Duchamp) – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fountain (Duchamp)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuente_(Duchamp)" title="Fuente (Duchamp) – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fuente (Duchamp)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontano_(Duchamp)" title="Fontano (Duchamp) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fontano (Duchamp)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%87_(%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="چشمه (دوشان) – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چشمه (دوشان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontaine_(Duchamp)" title="Fontaine (Duchamp) – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fontaine (Duchamp)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%98_(%EB%92%A4%EC%83%B9)" title="샘 (뒤샹) – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="샘 (뒤샹)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6_(%D4%B4%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%B6)" title="Շատրվան (Դյուշան) – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շատրվան (Դյուշան)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontana_(Duchamp)" title="Fontana (Duchamp) – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fontana (Duchamp)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%94_(%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F)" title="מזרקה (דושאן) – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מזרקה (דושאן)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountain_(kunstwerk)" title="Fountain (kunstwerk) – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fountain (kunstwerk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%89_(%E3%83%87%E3%83%A5%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3)" title="泉 (デュシャン) – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="泉 (デュシャン)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonte_(Duchamp)" title="Fonte (Duchamp) – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fonte (Duchamp)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Фонтан (Дюшан) – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фонтан (Дюшан)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Font%C3%A1na_(Duchamp)" title="Fontána (Duchamp) – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fontána (Duchamp)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8_(%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87)" title="น้ำพุ (ดูว์ช็อง) – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="น้ำพุ (ดูว์ช็อง)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp)" title="Fountain (Duchamp) – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fountain (Duchamp)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Фонтан Дюшана – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фонтан Дюшана" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%99%B4%E6%B3%89_(%E6%9D%9C%E8%B1%A1)" title="噴泉 (杜象) – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="噴泉 (杜象)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1206847#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fountain" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Fountain" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ändra språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">svenska</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fountain"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fountain"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><dl class="noexcerpt dablink"><dd><i>För andra betydelser, se <a href="/wiki/Fountain_(olika_betydelser)" class="mw-disambig" title="Fountain (olika betydelser)">Fountain (olika betydelser)</a>.</i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Duchamp_Fountaine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Duchamp_Fountaine.jpg/250px-Duchamp_Fountaine.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Duchamp_Fountaine.jpg/375px-Duchamp_Fountaine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Duchamp_Fountaine.jpg/500px-Duchamp_Fountaine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2370" data-file-height="2499" /></a><figcaption>Originalet till <i>Fountain</i> efter 1917 års <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Independent_Artists" title="Society of Independent Artists">Society of Independent Artists</a>-utställning, på vilken inlämningsetiketten tydligt syns. Bakgrunden är <i>The Warriors</i> av <a href="/wiki/Marsden_Hartley" title="Marsden Hartley">Marsden Hartley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tomkins,_sidan_186_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tomkins,_sidan_186-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> Foto: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz" title="Alfred Stieglitz">Alfred Stieglitz</a> på dennes galleri, <a href="/w/index.php?title=291_(Galleri)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="291 (Galleri) [inte skriven än]">291</a> i New York, och publicerat i <i><a href="/wiki/The_Blind_Man" title="The Blind Man">The Blind Man</a></i> nummer 2, maj 1917 </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Fontaine_Duchamp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Fontaine_Duchamp.jpg/250px-Fontaine_Duchamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Fontaine_Duchamp.jpg/375px-Fontaine_Duchamp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Fontaine_Duchamp.jpg/500px-Fontaine_Duchamp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="518" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption>Replik ur editionen 1964, framtagen av <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Schwarz" title="Arturo Schwarz">Arturo Schwarz</a> på Galleri Schwartz med 1917 års foto som förebild</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fountain</b> (svenska: <i>Fontän</i>) är en <a href="/wiki/Ready-made" class="mw-redirect" title="Ready-made">ready-made</a>, ett vardagligt objekt som tillskrivs att vara ett <a href="/wiki/Konstverk" title="Konstverk">konstverk</a>, vilket under 80 år har <a href="/wiki/Attribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Attribution">attribuerats</a> till <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a>. Det har dock också hävdats i stället ha <a href="/wiki/Elsa_von_Freytag-Loringhoven" title="Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven">Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven</a> som upphovsman.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det förkomna originalet till <i>Fountain</i> är en på flatsidan lagd <a href="/wiki/Urinoar" title="Urinoar">urinoar</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sanitetsporslin" title="Sanitetsporslin">sanitetsporslin</a>, enligt Duchamp av märket <i>Bedfordshire</i> och inköpt från firman J L Mott Ironworks på <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a> i New York, vilken har signerats "R. Mutt 1917". De artefakter som förekommer i konstvärlden är av Duchamp auktoriserade <a href="/wiki/Replik_(objekt)" title="Replik (objekt)">repliker</a> av vilka flertalet egentligen inte är ready-mades, utan för ändamålet framställda hantverksprodukter. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utställningen_1917"><span id="Utst.C3.A4llningen_1917"></span>Utställningen 1917</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Utställningen 1917" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Utställningen 1917"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Fountain</i> lämnades in till den första årliga utställningen arrangerad av <i><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Independent_Artists" title="Society of Independent Artists">Society of Independent Artists</a></i> på Grand Central Palace i New York i april-maj 1917. Utställningen hade mottot <i>No jury - no prizes</i> och det var i förväg bestämt att alla verk som lämnades in, och för vilka en avgift på sex dollar hade betalats, skulle visas. Sammanslutningens styrelse tvekade om att godkänna Fountain. Målaren <a href="/wiki/George_Bellows" title="George Bellows">George Bellows</a> menade att objektet var ekivokt och misstänkte att det var ett skämt, konstnärens namn R. Mutt föreföll honom suspekt. Konstsamlaren <a href="/wiki/Walter_Arensberg" title="Walter Arensberg">Walter Arensberg</a> påpekade att avgiften var betald. Styrelsen beslöt till slut att Fountain inte var något konstverk och dessutom oanständig. Verket tycks ha funnits kvar i utställningslokalen bakom ett förhänge eller skiljevägg, men det finns inte med i utställningskatalogen.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det har efter utställningen fotograferats av <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz" title="Alfred Stieglitz">Alfred Stieglitz</a>. Därefter har <i>Fountain</i> eventuellt tagits om hand av Walter Arensberg och lagts åt sidan, och i vilket fall förkommit. Fotografiet publicerades i maj 1917 i andra numret av <i><a href="/wiki/The_Blind_Man" title="The Blind Man">The Blind Man</a></i>, en <a href="/wiki/Dada" class="mw-redirect" title="Dada">dadaistisk</a> tidskrift publicerad i två nummer av Marcel Duchamp, <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Wood" title="Beatrice Wood">Beatrice Wood</a> och <a href="/wiki/Henri-Pierre_Roch%C3%A9" title="Henri-Pierre Roché">Henri-Pierre Roché</a>. Tillsammans med fotografiet finns ett manifest med försvar för urinoirens egenskap av konstverk. </p> <table style="margin:1em auto;border-collapse:collapse;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td style="color:#b2b7f2; font-size:3em; line-height:0; font-family:serif; padding:.35em; vertical-align:top;"><b>”</b> </td> <td style="padding:.3em;">Om herr Mutt gjorde urinoiren med sina egna händer eller ej saknar betydelse. Han VALDE UT den. Han tog en vardagsartikel, placerade den så att dess praktiska användning försvann under dess nya namn och betraktelsesätt - skapade en ny innebörd för detta objekt. </td> <td style="color:#b2b7f2; font-size:3em; line-height:0; font-family:serif; padding:.35em; vertical-align:bottom;"><b>„</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding-right: 4em;text-align:right;font-size:smaller">– Osignerad text under rubriken "The Richard Mutt Case" i <i>The Blind Man</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Originalet">Originalet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Originalet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Originalet"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det första exemplaret, vilken kan betraktas som "originalet", även om språkbruket är problematiskt beträffande en ready-made, är försvunnet. Vad som är original när det gäller en ready-made är inte alldeles solklart, men vad som här åsyftas är just den urinoar som presenterades 1917. <i>Fountain</i> var en artefakt som inte uppmärksammades som föremål med en känd upphovsperson förrän omkring 1950, då Marcel Duchamp hävdade att det var han som lämnat in den 1917 till utställningen i New York. På 1950- och 1960-talet, vid fyra tillfällen, godkände Marcel Duchamp sedan repliker signerade R.Mutt som autentiska verk, först enstaka exemplar och slutligen 1964 en större edition. Om vart den ursprungliga urinoaren tog vägen finns olika berättelser och teorier.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Repliker">Repliker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Repliker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Repliker"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det är oklart hur många repliker som gjorts. Under åren 1950 togs tre repliker fram i tre omgångar, varefter 1964 den milanesiske konsthandlaren och vännen till Duchamp <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Schwartz" class="mw-redirect" title="Arturo Schwartz">Arturo Schwartz</a> lät framställa repliker i glaserat lergods efter Stieglitz foto. Det var då en edition av åtta, men åtminstone fyra-sex till, eventuellt flera, tycks ha nått marknaden.<sup id="cite_ref-Economist_24_mars_2010_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economist_24_mars_2010-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Janis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sidney Janis [inte skriven än]">Sidney Janis</a>, New York, 1950 (<a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art" title="Philadelphia Museum of Art">Philadelphia Museum of Art</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Economist_24_mars_2010_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economist_24_mars_2010-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1953 (försvunnen)<sup id="cite_ref-Economist_24_mars_2010_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economist_24_mars_2010-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulf_Linde" title="Ulf Linde">Ulf Linde</a>, Stockholm, 1963 (<a href="/wiki/Moderna_Museet" title="Moderna Museet">Moderna Museet</a> i Stockholm)<sup id="cite_ref-Economist_24_mars_2010_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economist_24_mars_2010-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denna är i porslin och anskaffades inför en utställning på Galleri Burén 1963 av <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Linde" title="Ulf Linde">Ulf Linde</a>. Den är en begagnad urinoir från restaurang Frati på Regeringsgatan<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Arturo Schwarz på Galleri Schwartz i Milano 1964, glaserad <a href="/wiki/Fajans" title="Fajans">fajans</a>, officiellt tolv repliker, men fler finns<sup id="cite_ref-Economist_24_mars_2010_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economist_24_mars_2010-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="San Francisco Museum of Modern Art">San Francisco Museum of Modern Art</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Tate Gallery">Tate Gallery</a> i London. Inköpt med stöd av Tate Gallerys vänner 1999<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Canada" title="National Gallery of Canada">National Gallery of Canada</a> i Ottawa</li> <li>Museet för modern konst i Kyoto</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus%C3%A9e_Maillol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musée Maillol [inte skriven än]">Musée Maillol</a> i Paris</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_University_Art_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indiana University Art Museum [inte skriven än]">Indiana University Art Museum</a> i Bloomington</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Museum" title="Israel Museum">Israel Museum</a> i Jerusalem</li> <li>Museet för modern konst i Rom</li> <li>privat ägo, <a href="/wiki/Bel_Air" title="Bel Air">Bel Air</a>, Kalifornien</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jose_Mugrabi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jose Mugrabi [inte skriven än]">Jose Mugrabi</a>, New York</li> <li>Dimitris Daskalopoulos, grekisk samlare, i Atén</li> <li>"prototypen", Dakis Joannou, grekcypriotisk byggare, Atén</li> <li>Gio di Maggio, italiensk samlare, Fondazione Mudima i Milano</li> <li>Luisella Zignone, italiensk samlare i <a href="/wiki/Biella" title="Biella">Biella</a></li> <li>eventuellt Sergio Casoli, italiensk konsthandlare i Milano</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Upphovsperson_till_Fountain">Upphovsperson till <i>Fountain</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Upphovsperson till Fountain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Upphovsperson till Fountain"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a> började omkring 1950 hävda, långt efter Elsa von Freytag-Loringhovens död, att urinoiren som lämnades in till Society of Independent Artists utställning i New York juni 1917 av pseudonymen R.Mutt, den föregivne konstnären Richard Mutt från <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, som konstverket <i>Fountain</i>, var hans skapelse, vilket också har accepterats av konstvärlden. Att den också har tillkommit i den dadaistiska krets i New York. i vilken både Marcel Duchamp och Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven ingick, är också klart. Ett foto av <i>Fountain</i>, som tagis av <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz" title="Alfred Stieglitz">Alfred Stieglitz</a>, publicerades också efter utställningen tillsammans med ett manifest om detta objekts rätt att betraktas som konstverk i gruppens kortvariga tidskrift <a href="/wiki/The_Blind_Man" title="The Blind Man">The Blind Man</a>. Under senare år har dock ifrågasatts att det skulle vara Marcel Duchamp som låg bakom aktionen, utan snarare Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Museerna har dock avstått från att ta upp denna fråga om upphovsperson. Så har till exempel <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a> som äger en av de av Marcel Duchamp auktoriserade replikerna, inte kommenterat den ifrågasatta "äktheten" i den nyligen av museet publicerade, uppdaterade upplagan av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Tomkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calvin Tomkins [inte skriven än]">Calvin Tomkins</a> Duchamp-biografi.<sup id="cite_ref-theartnewspaper.com_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theartnewspaper.com-20"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Urinoaren som ett objekt för ett konstföremål, menar Elsa von Freytag-Loreinghovens biograf <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irene_Gammel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irene Gammel [inte skriven än]">Irene Gammel</a>, är mer i linje med Freytag-Loringhovens <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skatologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skatologi [inte skriven än]">skatologiska</a> estetik än Duchamps. Marcel Duchamp skrev dessutom i ett brev till sin syster Suzanne i samband med utställningen 1917 att en kvinnlig vän, senare identifierad som Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven, sänt honom urinoaren för medverkan i utställningen.<sup id="cite_ref-theartnewspaper.com_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theartnewspaper.com-20"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Avspeglingar_i_konsthistorien">Avspeglingar i konsthistorien</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Avspeglingar i konsthistorien" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Avspeglingar i konsthistorien"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Fountain</i> valdes i december 2004 till 1900-talets mest inflytelserika konstverk av 500 yrkespersoner inom konstvärlden från hela världen.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den brittiska dagstidningen <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i> menade i en artikel i februari 2008 att Duchamp med detta enda verk hade uppfunnit <a href="/wiki/Konceptkonst" title="Konceptkonst">konceptkonst</a> och att han "för alltid brutit den traditionella länken mellan konstnärens arbetsinsats och konstverkets värde (<i>engelska</i>: merit)".<sup id="cite_ref-Independent_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Independent-23"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Samlarintresse">Samlarintresse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Samlarintresse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Samlarintresse"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Priset för repliker nådde en höjdpunkt på en auktion på <a href="/wiki/Sotheby%27s" title="Sotheby's">Sotheby's</a> i november 1999, då en av de repliker som gjordes 1964 gick för 1.762.500 US dollar.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den köptes av den grekiske samlaren Dimitros Daskalopoulos. John Mugrabi i New York köpte ett exemplar 2002 för en miljon dollar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Tomkins,_sidan_186-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Tomkins,_sidan_186_1-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Calvin Tomkins: <i>Duchamp: A Biography</i>, Henry Holt and Company, New York 1966, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-8050-5789-7" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-8050-5789-7">ISBN 0-8050-5789-7</a>, sidan 186</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/nov/07/duchamp-elsa-freytag-loringhoven-urinal-sexual-politics-art">”Duchamp and the pissoir-taking sexual politics of the art world”</a>. <i><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TheGuardian.com&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TheGuardian.com [inte skriven än]">TheGuardian.com</a></span></i>. 7 november 2014<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/nov/07/duchamp-elsa-freytag-loringhoven-urinal-sexual-politics-art">https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/nov/07/duchamp-elsa-freytag-loringhoven-urinal-sexual-politics-art</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Duchamp+and+the+pissoir-taking+sexual+politics+of+the+art+world&rft.atitle=%5B%5BTheGuardian.com%5D%5D&rft.date=7+november+2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2014%2Fnov%2F07%2Fduchamp-elsa-freytag-loringhoven-urinal-sexual-politics-art&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fountain"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news" id="CITEREFHustvedt2019">Hustvedt, Siri (29 mars 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/mar/29/marcel-duchamp-fountain-women-art-history">”When will the art world recognise the real artist behind Duchamp's Fountain?”</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/mar/29/marcel-duchamp-fountain-women-art-history">https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/mar/29/marcel-duchamp-fountain-women-art-history</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 31 mars 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=When+will+the+art+world+recognise+the+real+artist+behind+Duchamp%27s+Fountain%3F&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.aulast=Hustvedt&rft.aufirst=Siri&rft.au=Hustvedt%2C+Siri&rft.date=29+mars+2019&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2019%2Fmar%2F29%2Fmarcel-duchamp-fountain-women-art-history&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fountain"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span>William A. Camfield, <i>Marcel Duchamp, Fountain</i>, Houston Fine Art Press, 1989</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"> <i>Baroness Elsa: Gender, Dada, and Everyday Modernity. A Cultural Biography</i>, Cambridge, Massachusetts 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span>John Higgs, <i>Stranger Than We Can Imagine</i>, W&N 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFSandra_Smallenburg2024">Sandra Smallenburg (14 juni 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/AKUT8">”De leugen van Marcel Duchamp”</a> (på nederländska). <i><span>NRC</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.is/AKUT8">https://archive.is/AKUT8</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=De+leugen+van+Marcel+Duchamp&rft.atitle=NRC&rft.aulast=Sandra+Smallenburg&rft.au=Sandra+Smallenburg&rft.date=14+juni+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.is%2FAKUT8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fountain"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFSandra_Smallenburg2024">Sandra Smallenburg (14 juni 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/AT84K">”Famous urinal ‘Fountain’ is not by Marcel Duchamp”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>NRC</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.is/AT84K">https://archive.is/AT84K</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Famous+urinal+%E2%80%98Fountain%E2%80%99+is+not+by+Marcel+Duchamp&rft.atitle=NRC&rft.aulast=Sandra+Smallenburg&rft.au=Sandra+Smallenburg&rft.date=14+juni+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.is%2FAT84K&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fountain"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Beatrice Wood (1893-1998) i <i>I shock myself</i>, 1985, citerad av <a href="/wiki/Lars_Vilks" title="Lars Vilks">Lars Vilks</a> och återgiven i artikeln Vad hände egentligen med Duchamps Fontän? av Peter Ekström på kulturdelen.com 26 november 2011]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/stream/catalogueannual00yorkgoog#page/n6/mode/2up"><i>Catalogue of The First Annual Exhibition of The Society of Independent Artists Grand Central Palace</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/dada/blindman/index.htm">The Blind Man</a><i> nummer 2, maj 1917, sidan 5]</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kulturdelen.com/2011/11/26/vad-hande-egentligen-med-duchamps-fontan/">Peter Ekström i Kulturdelen.com 26 november 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Economist_24_mars_2010-13">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Economist_24_mars_2010_13-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Economist_24_mars_2010_13-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Economist_24_mars_2010_13-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Economist_24_mars_2010_13-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Economist_24_mars_2010_13-4"><small>e</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/15766467">Economist 24 mars 2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Ulf Linde i sin bok Duchamp, citerad av Peter Ekström</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Det förekommer olika uppgifter om hur många exemplar som gjordes, från åtta till en upplaga på åtta med fyra övriga exemplar till Economists förmodan att det knappast kan överstiga 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141204220637/http://www.sfmoma.org/explore/collection/artwork/25853">”Om Fountain på San Francisco Museum of Modern Arts webbplats”</a>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfmoma.org/explore/collection/artwork/25853">originalet</a> den 4 december 2014<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141204220637/http://www.sfmoma.org/explore/collection/artwork/25853">https://web.archive.org/web/20141204220637/http://www.sfmoma.org/explore/collection/artwork/25853</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 27 november 2014</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Om+Fountain+p%C3%A5+San+Francisco+Museum+of+Modern+Arts+webbplats&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20141204220637%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfmoma.org%2Fexplore%2Fcollection%2Fartwork%2F25853&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fountain"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/duchamp-fountain-t07573">Marcel Duchamp Fountain 1917, replica 1964 på Tate Gallerys webbplats</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://janechafinsofframpgalleryblog.blogspot.se/2012/05/duchamps-urinal-maybe-not.html">Jane Chafin: <i>Duchamp's Urinal? Maybe Not!</i> 2 maj 2012</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.svd.se/kultur/konsthistoriskt-revirpinkande_4136233.svd">Clemens Poellinger: <i>Baronessa gjorde Duchamps urinoar</i> i Svenska Dadbladet 26 november 2014</a>, läst 2015-01-08</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theartnewspaper.com-20">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-theartnewspaper.com_20-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-theartnewspaper.com_20-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Did-Marcel-Duchamp-steal-Elsas-urinal/36155">Julian Spalding and Glyn Thompson: <i>Did Marcel Duchamp steal Elsa’s urinal?</i> i <i>The Art Newspaper</i> 3 november 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Irene Gammel: <i>Baroness Elsa</i>, sidorna 224-25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4059997.stm">”Duchamp's urinal tops art survey”</a>. BBC News. 1 december 2004<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4059997.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4059997.stm</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Duchamp%27s+urinal+tops+art+survey&rft.atitle=&rft.date=1+december+2004&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F4059997.stm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fountain"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Independent-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Independent_23-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news" id="CITEREFHensher2008">Hensher, Philip (20 februari 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art-and-architecture/features/the-loo-that-shook-the-world-duchamp-man-ray-picabi-784384.html">”The loo that shook the world: Duchamp, Man Ray, Picabi”</a>. London: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i> (<i>Extra</i>). ss. 2–5<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art-and-architecture/features/the-loo-that-shook-the-world-duchamp-man-ray-picabi-784384.html">http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art-and-architecture/features/the-loo-that-shook-the-world-duchamp-man-ray-picabi-784384.html</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+loo+that+shook+the+world%3A+Duchamp%2C+Man+Ray%2C+Picabi&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Hensher&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.au=Hensher%2C+Philip&rft.date=20+februari+2008&rft.pages=ss.%26nbsp%3B2%E2%80%935&rft.place=London&rft.pub=%27%27%5B%5BThe+Independent%5D%5D%27%27+%28%27%27Extra%27%27%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fart-and-architecture%2Ffeatures%2Fthe-loo-that-shook-the-world-duchamp-man-ray-picabi-784384.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fountain"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/20/style/20iht-york.t.html">Souren_Melikian:_<i>Outraging_the_Bourgeoisie,_Part_II</i> i The New York Times 20 november 1999</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Marquis, <i>Marcel Duchamp: The Bachelor Stripped Bare A Biography</i>, sidan 5</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141205045123/http://www.modernamuseet.se/sv/Moderna-Museet/press/Pressmeddelanden/Malmo/Marcel-Duchamp-och-Den-tidiga-modernismen-Pressvisning-17-mars-kl-1000-1130/">Bild av den replik på Moderna Museet, som gjorts av </a><a href="/wiki/Ulf_Linde" title="Ulf Linde">Ulf Linde</a> 1963</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/dada/blindman/2/05.htm"><i>The Blind Man</i> nummer 2, maj 1917, sidan 5</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/dada/blindman/2/06.htm"><i>The Blind Man</i> nummer 2, maj 1917, sidan 6</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; 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Forster">Forster</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">Faulkner</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Flaubert</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">Gide</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Hamsun</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Ha%C5%A1ek" title="Jaroslav Hašek">Hašek</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Hemingway</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hesse</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">Joyce</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Kafka</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Koestler" title="Arthur Koestler">Koestler</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/D.H._Lawrence" title="D.H. Lawrence">Lawrence</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Mann</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Mansfield" title="Katherine Mansfield">Mansfield</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Marinetti</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Musil" title="Robert Musil">Musil</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/John_Dos_Passos" title="John Dos Passos">Dos Passos</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Platonov" title="Andrej Platonov">Platonov</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Proust</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Stein</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Italo_Svevo" title="Italo Svevo">Svevo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Anton_Tjechov" title="Anton Tjechov">Tjechov</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Unamuno" title="Miguel de Unamuno">Unamuno</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Woolf</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Poesi</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Achmatova" title="Anna Achmatova">Achmatova</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Aldington" title="Richard Aldington">Aldington</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/W.H._Auden" title="W.H. Auden">Auden</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Cendrars" title="Blaise Cendrars">Cendrars</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hart_Crane" title="Hart Crane">Crane</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hilda_Doolittle" title="Hilda Doolittle">Hilda Doolittle</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Desnos" title="Robert Desnos">Desnos</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/T.S._Eliot" title="T.S. Eliot">Eliot</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_%C3%89luard" title="Paul Éluard">Éluard</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Elytis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_George" title="Stefan George">George</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Max_Jacob" title="Max Jacob">Jacob</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kavafis" title="Konstantinos Kavafis">Kavafis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca" title="Federico García Lorca">Lorca</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Mallarm%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Mallarmé">Mallarmé</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marianne_Moore" title="Marianne Moore">Moore</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Owen" title="Wilfred Owen">Owen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Pessoa" title="Fernando Pessoa">Pessoa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Pound</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Maria_Rilke" title="Rainer Maria Rilke">Rilke</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Seferis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stevens" title="Wallace Stevens">Stevens</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Thomas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tzara</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Val%C3%A9ry" title="Paul Valéry">Valéry</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/William_Carlos_Williams" title="William Carlos Williams">Williams</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/W.B._Yeats" class="mw-redirect" title="W.B. Yeats">Yeats</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Verk</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A5_spaning_efter_den_tid_som_flytt" title="På spaning efter den tid som flytt">På spaning efter den tid som flytt</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1913–1927)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rvandlingen" title="Förvandlingen">Förvandlingen</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1915)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus_(roman)" title="Odysseus (roman)">Odysseus</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1922)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Det_%C3%B6de_landet" title="Det öde landet">Det öde landet</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1922)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Bergtagen_(roman)" title="Bergtagen (roman)">Bergtagen</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1924)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Mrs_Dalloway" title="Mrs Dalloway">Mrs Dalloway</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1925)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Och_solen_har_sin_g%C3%A5ng" title="Och solen har sin gång">Och solen har sin gång</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1926)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4staren_och_Margarita" title="Mästaren och Margarita">Mästaren och Margarita</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1928–1940)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Stormen_och_vreden" title="Stormen och vreden">Stormen och vreden</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1929)</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Bildkonst" title="Bildkonst">Bildkonst</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Modernistisk_konst" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernistisk konst">Målarkonst</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Arp</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Umberto_Boccioni" title="Umberto Boccioni">Boccioni</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncu%C8%99i" title="Constantin Brâncuși">Brâncuși</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Braque</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Calder" title="Alexander Calder">Calder</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Cassatt</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Cézanne</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Chagall</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico" title="Giorgio de Chirico">Chirico</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Camille_Claudel" title="Camille Claudel">Claudel</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Dalí</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Degas" title="Edgar Degas">Degas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning">Kooning</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Dix" title="Otto Dix">Dix</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Doesburg" title="Theo van Doesburg">Doesburg</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Duchamp</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Ernst</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Gauguin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti" title="Alberto Giacometti">Giacometti</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">van Gogh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Gris</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz">Grosz</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hopper" title="Edward Hopper">Hopper</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Frida_Kahlo" title="Frida Kahlo">Kahlo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vasilij_Kandinskij" title="Vasilij Kandinskij">Kandinskij</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ludwig_Kirchner" title="Ernst Ludwig Kirchner">Kirchner</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Klee</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Kokoschka" title="Oskar Kokoschka">Kokoschka</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Léger</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Magritte" title="René Magritte">Magritte</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kazimir_Malevitj" title="Kazimir Malevitj">Malevitj</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Manet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Franz_Marc" title="Franz Marc">Marc</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Matisse</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Miró</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani" title="Amedeo Modigliani">Modigliani</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Piet_Mondrian" title="Piet Mondrian">Mondrian</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Monet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moore" title="Henry Moore">Moore</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Munch</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Emil_Nolde" title="Emil Nolde">Nolde</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">O'Keeffe</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Picasso</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Pissarro</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Ray</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Renoir" title="Auguste Renoir">Renoir</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Rodin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Henri_Rousseau" title="Henri Rousseau">Rousseau</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Egon_Schiele" title="Egon Schiele">Schiele</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Seurat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Signac" title="Paul Signac">Signac</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sisley" title="Alfred Sisley">Sisley</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Toulouse-Lautrec</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Grant_Wood" title="Grant Wood">Wood</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Film</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Antonioni</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Bergman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Buñuel</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Chaplin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Cocteau</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Th._Dreyer" title="Carl Th. Dreyer">Dreyer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Blake_Edwards" title="Blake Edwards">Edwards</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sergej_Eisenstein" title="Sergej Eisenstein">Eisenstein</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Werner_Fassbinder" title="Rainer Werner Fassbinder">Fassbinder</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Fellini</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">Ford</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Godard</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Keaton</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Kubrick</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Kurosawa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Lang</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ida_Lupino" title="Ida Lupino">Lupino</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Minnelli</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Yasujiro_Ozu" title="Yasujiro Ozu">Ozu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Ray</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Renoir</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Sj%C3%B6str%C3%B6m" title="Victor Sjöström">Sjöström</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Tati" title="Jacques Tati">Tati</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Varda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Dziga_Vertov" title="Dziga Vertov">Vertov</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Modernistisk_arkitektur" title="Modernistisk arkitektur">Arkitektur</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Breuer" title="Marcel Breuer">Breuer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gropius" title="Walter Gropius">Gropius</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta">Horta</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Friedensreich_Hundertwasser" title="Friedensreich Hundertwasser">Hundertwasser</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Johnson" title="Philip Johnson">Johnson</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Loos" title="Adolf Loos">Loos</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Erich_Mendelsohn" title="Erich Mendelsohn">Mendelsohn</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Neutra" title="Richard Neutra">Neutra</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Niemeyer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Rietveld" title="Gerrit Rietveld">Rietveld</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eero_Saarinen" title="Eero Saarinen">Saarinen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Steiner</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Sullivan" title="Louis Sullivan">Sullivan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Ludwig Mies van der Rohe">Mies</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Wright</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Verk</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/En_s%C3%B6ndagseftermiddag_p%C3%A5_%C3%B6n_La_Grande_Jatte" title="En söndagseftermiddag på ön La Grande Jatte">En söndagseftermiddag på ön La Grande Jatte</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1886)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Montagne_Sainte-Victoire_(m%C3%A5lning)" title="Montagne Sainte-Victoire (målning)">Montagne Sainte-Victoire</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1887)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Stj%C3%A4rnenatt" title="Stjärnenatt">Stjärnenatt</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1889)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Flickorna_fr%C3%A5n_Avignon" title="Flickorna från Avignon">Flickorna från Avignon</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1907)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Naken_kvinna_som_g%C3%A5r_nerf%C3%B6r_en_trappa,_nr_2" title="Naken kvinna som går nerför en trappa, nr 2">Naken kvinna som går nerför en trappa, nr 2</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1912)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Svart_kvadrat" title="Svart kvadrat">Svart kvadrat</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1915)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Dr._Caligaris_kabinett" title="Dr. Caligaris kabinett">Dr. Caligaris kabinett</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1920)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Pansarkryssaren_Potemkin" title="Pansarkryssaren Potemkin">Pansarkryssaren Potemkin</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1925)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(film)" title="Metropolis (film)">Metropolis</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1927)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Den_andalusiska_hunden" title="Den andalusiska hunden">Den andalusiska hunden</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1929)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Villa_Savoye" title="Villa Savoye">Villa Savoye</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1931)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fallingwater" title="Fallingwater">Fallingwater</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1936)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1941)</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Scenkonst" title="Scenkonst">Scenkonst</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Modernism_(musik)" title="Modernism (musik)">Musik</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Bartók</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Berg</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Boulanger" title="Nadia Boulanger">Boulanger</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Boulez</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Copland</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Debussy</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hindemith" title="Paul Hindemith">Hindemith</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Honegger" title="Arthur Honegger">Honegger</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">Ligeti</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Witold_Lutos%C5%82awski" title="Witold Lutosławski">Lutosławski</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Darius_Milhaud" title="Darius Milhaud">Milhaud</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sergej_Prokofjev" title="Sergej Prokofjev">Prokofjev</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Erik_Satie" title="Erik Satie">Satie</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Sch%C3%B6nberg" title="Arnold Schönberg">Schönberg</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Skrjabin" title="Aleksandr Skrjabin">Skrjabin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinskij" title="Igor Stravinskij">Stravinskij</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Heitor_Villa-Lobos" title="Heitor Villa-Lobos">Villa-Lobos</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Teater</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Anouilh" title="Jean Anouilh">Anouilh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Artaud" title="Antonin Artaud">Artaud</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Brecht</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Ibsen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jarry" title="Alfred Jarry">Jarry</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maeterlinck</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Majakovskij" title="Vladimir Majakovskij">Majakovskij</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">O'Neill</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Pirandello</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/August_Strindberg" title="August Strindberg">Strindberg</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Anton_Tjechov" title="Anton Tjechov">Tjechov</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wedekind" title="Frank Wedekind">Wedekind</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Wilder</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Dans</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/George_Balanchine" title="George Balanchine">Balanchine</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Merce_Cunningham" title="Merce Cunningham">Cunningham</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sergej_Djagilev" title="Sergej Djagilev">Djagilev</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Isadora_Duncan" title="Isadora Duncan">Duncan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine">Fokine</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Loie_Fuller" title="Loie Fuller">Fuller</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Graham</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onide_Massine" title="Léonide Massine">Massine</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Wac%C5%82aw_Ni%C5%BCy%C5%84ski" title="Wacław Niżyński">Niżyński</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ruth_St._Denis" title="Ruth St. Denis">St. Denis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Grete_Wiesenthal" title="Grete Wiesenthal">Wiesenthal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wigman" title="Mary Wigman">Wigman</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Verk</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Don_Juan_(Strauss)" title="Don Juan (Strauss)">Don Juan</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1888)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Verkl%C3%A4rte_Nacht" title="Verklärte Nacht">Verklärte Nacht</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1899)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Pell%C3%A9as_och_M%C3%A9lisande_(opera,_Debussy)" title="Pelléas och Mélisande (opera, Debussy)">Pelléas och Mélisande</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1902)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Salome_(opera)" title="Salome (opera)">Salome</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1905)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Eldf%C3%A5geln_(balett)" title="Eldfågeln (balett)">Eldfågeln</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1910)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/En_fauns_eftermiddag_(balett)" title="En fauns eftermiddag (balett)">En fauns eftermiddag</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1912)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5roffer" title="Våroffer">Våroffer</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1913)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fountain</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1917)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Sex_roller_s%C3%B6ker_en_f%C3%B6rfattare" title="Sex roller söker en författare">Sex roller söker en författare</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1921)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Tolvskillingsoperan" title="Tolvskillingsoperan">Tolvskillingsoperan</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1928)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/4%E2%80%B233%E2%80%B3" title="4′33″">4′33″</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1952)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/I_v%C3%A4ntan_p%C3%A5_Godot" title="I väntan på Godot">I väntan på Godot</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1953)</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Se även</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/4D_inom_konsten" title="4D inom konsten">4D inom konsten</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Andra_Wienskolan" title="Andra Wienskolan">Andra Wienskolan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Avantgarde" title="Avantgarde">Avantgarde</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bloomsburygruppen" title="Bloomsburygruppen">Bloomsburygruppen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Entartete_Kunst" title="Entartete Kunst">Entartete Kunst</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Impressionism_(m%C3%A5leri)" title="Impressionism (måleri)">Impressionism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Impressionism_(litteratur)" title="Impressionism (litteratur)">Litteratur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Impressionism_(musik)" title="Impressionism (musik)">Musik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Postimpressionism" title="Postimpressionism">Post</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Internationell_stil" title="Internationell stil">Internationell stil</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Modernitet" title="Modernitet">Modernitet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nyromantik" title="Nyromantik">Nyromantik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nya_sakligheten" title="Nya sakligheten">Nya sakligheten</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Poetisk_realism_(film)" title="Poetisk realism (film)">Poetisk realism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kategori"><img alt="Kategori" 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width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Marcel_Duchamp" title="Mall:Marcel Duchamp"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Marcel_Duchamp&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;;">Konstverk</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Apolin%C3%A8re_Enameled" title="Apolinère Enameled">Apolinère Enameled</a></i> - <i><a href="/wiki/Bruden_avkl%C3%A4dd_av_sina_ungkarlar,_till_och_med" title="Bruden avklädd av sina ungkarlar, till och med">Bruden avklädd av sina ungkarlar, till och med</a></i> - <i><a href="/wiki/Cykelhjulet" title="Cykelhjulet">Cykelhjulet</a></i> - <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tant_donn%C3%A9s" title="Étant donnés">Étant donnés</a></i> - <i><a href="/wiki/Flasktorkaren" title="Flasktorkaren">Flasktorkaren</a></i> - <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fountain</a></i> - <i><a href="/wiki/Fresh_Widow" title="Fresh Widow">Fresh Widow</a></i> - <i><a href="/wiki/L.H.O.O.Q." title="L.H.O.O.Q.">L.H.O.O.Q.</a></i> - <i><a href="/wiki/Naken_kvinna_som_g%C3%A5r_nerf%C3%B6r_en_trappa,_nr_2" title="Naken kvinna som går nerför en trappa, nr 2">Naken kvinna som går nerför en trappa, nr 2</a> </i> - <i><a href="/wiki/In_Advance_of_the_Broken_Arm_(konst)" title="In Advance of the Broken Arm (konst)">In Advance of the Broken Arm</a></i> - <i><a href="/wiki/Why_not_Sneeze,_Rose_S%C3%A9lavy%3F" title="Why not Sneeze, Rose Sélavy?">Why not Sneeze, Rose Sélavy?</a></i></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;;">Personer med anknytning<br /> till Marcel Duchamp</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rrose_S%C3%A9lavy" title="Rrose Sélavy">Rrose Sélavy</a> - <a href="/wiki/Richard_Mutt" title="Richard Mutt">Richard Mutt</a> - <a href="/wiki/Walter_Arensberg" title="Walter Arensberg">Walter Arensberg</a> - <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Dreier" title="Katherine Dreier">Katherine Dreier</a> - <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Wood" title="Beatrice Wood">Beatrice Wood</a> - <a href="/wiki/Henri-Pierre_Roch%C3%A9" title="Henri-Pierre Roché">Henri-Pierre Roché</a> - <a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a> - <a href="/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Man Ray</a> - <a href="/wiki/Alexina_Duchamp" title="Alexina Duchamp">Alexina Duchamp</a> - <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Villon" title="Jacques Villon">Jacques Villon</a> - <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon" title="Raymond Duchamp-Villon">Raymond Duchamp-Villon</a> - <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Duchamp" title="Suzanne Duchamp">Suzanne Duchamp</a> - <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Linde" title="Ulf Linde">Ulf Linde</a> - <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Schwarz" title="Arturo Schwarz">Arturo Schwarz</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;;">Andra länkar</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dadaism" title="Dadaism">Dadarörelsen</a> - <a href="/wiki/Groupe_de_Puteaux" title="Groupe de Puteaux">Groupe de Puteaux</a> - <a href="/wiki/Readymade" title="Readymade">Readymade</a> - <a href="/wiki/The_Blind_Man" title="The Blind Man">The Blind Man</a> - <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Independent_Artists" title="Society of Independent Artists">Society of Independent Artists</a> - <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Anonyme" title="Société Anonyme">Société Anonyme</a> - <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art" title="Philadelphia Museum of Art">Philadelphia Museum of Art</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist auktoritetsdata navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritetsdata" title="Auktoritetsdata">Auktoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" 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