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<span>Participation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Participation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Participation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Participation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Timing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Timing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Benefits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Benefits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Benefits</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Benefits-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Benefits subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Benefits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Diversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Charity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motivation_to_be_active" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motivation_to_be_active"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Motivation to be active</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motivation_to_be_active-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_benefit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_benefit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Physical benefit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_benefit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disadvantages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disadvantages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Disadvantages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Disadvantages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Disadvantages 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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marathon_and_half_marathon_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marathon_and_half_marathon_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Marathon and half marathon events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marathon_and_half_marathon_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Race-walking_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Race-walking_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Race-walking events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Race-walking_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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running</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سباق الطرقات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سباق الطرقات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Бег па шашы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бег па шашы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stra%C3%9Fenlauf" title="Straßenlauf – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Straßenlauf" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correr_por_carretera" title="Correr por carretera – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Correr por carretera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cosekurado" title="Ŝosekurado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝosekurado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="دو جاده‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دو جاده‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Course_sur_route" title="Course sur route – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Course sur route" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsa_su_strada" title="Corsa su strada – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Corsa su strada" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%97gimas_plentu" title="Bėgimas plentu – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bėgimas plentu" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatel%C3%B8p" title="Gateløp – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gateløp" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biegi_uliczne" title="Biegi uliczne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biegi uliczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Бег по шоссе – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бег по шоссе" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maantiejuoksu" title="Maantiejuoksu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maantiejuoksu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yol_ko%C5%9Fusu" title="Yol koşusu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yol koşusu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A1y_%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Chạy đường trường – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For trains that operate on tracks within a roadway, see <a href="/wiki/Street_running_train" title="Street running train">Street running train</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marathon2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Marathon2.jpg/220px-Marathon2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Marathon2.jpg/330px-Marathon2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Marathon2.jpg/440px-Marathon2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Road running in a U.S. Air Force marathon</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bristol_Half_Marathon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Bristol_Half_Marathon.jpg/220px-Bristol_Half_Marathon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Bristol_Half_Marathon.jpg/330px-Bristol_Half_Marathon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Bristol_Half_Marathon.jpg/440px-Bristol_Half_Marathon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>People taking part in the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Half_Marathon" class="mw-redirect" title="Bristol Half Marathon">Bristol Half Marathon</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1990_Synwell_10-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/1990_Synwell_10-01.jpg/220px-1990_Synwell_10-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/1990_Synwell_10-01.jpg/330px-1990_Synwell_10-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/1990_Synwell_10-01.jpg/440px-1990_Synwell_10-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="1128" /></a><figcaption>Athletes at the start of a 10-mile race in <a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a> in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a> in 1990.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Netherlands_Amsterdam_-_Dam-tot-Damloop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Netherlands_Amsterdam_-_Dam-tot-Damloop.jpg/170px-Netherlands_Amsterdam_-_Dam-tot-Damloop.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Netherlands_Amsterdam_-_Dam-tot-Damloop.jpg/255px-Netherlands_Amsterdam_-_Dam-tot-Damloop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Netherlands_Amsterdam_-_Dam-tot-Damloop.jpg/340px-Netherlands_Amsterdam_-_Dam-tot-Damloop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Dam_tot_Damloop" title="Dam tot Damloop">Dam tot Damloop</a> is a road race from <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> to <a href="/wiki/Zaandam" title="Zaandam">Zaandam</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Road running</b> is the sport of <a href="/wiki/Running" title="Running">running</a> on a measured course over an established <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">road</a>. This differs from <a href="/wiki/Track_and_field" title="Track and field">track and field</a> on a regular track and <a href="/wiki/Cross_country_running" title="Cross country running">cross country running</a> over natural terrain. </p><p>These events are usually classified as <a href="/wiki/Long-distance_running" title="Long-distance running">long-distance</a> according to <a href="/wiki/Athletics_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletics (sport)">athletics</a> terminology, with races typically ranging from 5 kilometers to 42.2 kilometers in the <a href="/wiki/Marathon" title="Marathon">marathon</a>. They may involve large numbers of runners or <a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_racing" title="Wheelchair racing">wheelchair</a> recognizedSince the late 2010, many road running events also offer <a href="/wiki/Nordic_walking" title="Nordic walking">Nordic Walking</a> as a separate competition along the same route. The four most common <a href="/wiki/World_Athletics" title="World Athletics">World Athletics</a> recognized distances for road running events are <a href="/wiki/5K_run" title="5K run">5K runs</a>, <a href="/wiki/10K_run" title="10K run">10K runs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Half_marathon" title="Half marathon">half marathons</a> and marathons. </p><p>Running on the road is an alternative surface to running on a trail, track, or treadmill. For many people looking to participate in running as an activity or sport, there are multiple opportunities that can be found on the road. </p><p>Road running is one of several forms of road racing, which also includes <a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">road bicycle racing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Road_racing" title="Road racing">motor vehicle road racing</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Courses">Courses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_running&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Courses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Race courses are usually held on the streets of major cities and towns but can be on any road. <a href="/wiki/World_Athletics" title="World Athletics">World Athletics</a> recognizes eleven common distances for road races that are eligible to be counted for records if they meet the eligibility criteria: 1 mile (1,609.3 m), <a href="/wiki/5K_run" title="5K run">5 kilometres (3.1 mi)</a>, <a href="/wiki/10K_run" title="10K run">10 kilometres (6.2 mi)</a>, <a href="/wiki/15K_run" title="15K run">15 kilometres (9.3 mi)</a>, <a href="/wiki/10-mile_run" title="10-mile run">10 miles (16.1 km)</a>, <a href="/wiki/20K_run" title="20K run">20 kilometres (12.4 mi)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Half_marathon" title="Half marathon">half marathon</a> (21.098 km or 13.1 mi), 25 kilometres (15.5 mi), 30 kilometres (19 mi), 35 kilometres (21.7 mi), <a href="/wiki/Marathon" title="Marathon">marathon</a> (42.195 km or 26.2 mi), 50 kilometres (31.1 mi), and <a href="/wiki/100K_run" class="mw-redirect" title="100K run">100 kilometres (62.1 mi)</a>. The <a href="/wiki/24-hour_run" title="24-hour run">24-hour run</a> is also recognized. Of these, the 5K, 10K, 25K, 30K, half marathon, marathon, and 100K are distances that are recognized for world records.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some major events have unique distances. The <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue_Mile" title="Fifth Avenue Mile">Fifth Avenue Mile</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> is 1.0 mile (1.6 km); the "Round the Bays" run in <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> is 8.4 kilometres (5.2 mi); the <a href="/wiki/Falmouth_Road_Race" title="Falmouth Road Race">Falmouth Road Race</a> in <a href="/wiki/Falmouth,_Massachusetts" title="Falmouth, Massachusetts">Falmouth, Massachusetts</a> is 7.1 miles (11.4 km); the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Road_Race" title="Manchester Road Race">Manchester Road Race</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manchester,_Connecticut" title="Manchester, Connecticut">Manchester, Connecticut</a> is 4.75 miles (7.64 km); "<a href="/wiki/City2Surf_(Sydney)" title="City2Surf (Sydney)">City to Surf</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> is 14 kilometres (8.7 mi); <a href="/wiki/Honolulu,_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Honolulu, Hawaii">Honolulu's</a> "<a href="/wiki/Great_Aloha_Run" title="Great Aloha Run">Great Aloha Run</a>" is 8.15 miles (13.12 km); the "<a href="/wiki/King_Island,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="King Island, Australia">King Island</a> Imperial 20"<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is 32 kilometres (20 mi) long; and the "<a href="/wiki/Charleston_Distance_Run" title="Charleston Distance Run">Charleston Distance Run</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston, West Virginia</a> is 15 miles (24 km).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Participation">Participation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_running&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Participation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most road running events are open to the general public. Participants are of varying running ability. It is not unusual for large events to have thousands of participants. Men and women compete side by side, and professional runners run in the same events as the average runner. In more prestigious races this is less likely to happen as there will be separate heats for men and women and for professional and non-professional athletes. In certain athletic events, first time amateurs are welcome to participate in the same event as members of running clubs and even current world-class champions. </p><p>This wide availability makes road racing extremely popular, and millions of people worldwide run thousands of races each year.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the U.S., 18.1 million people registered for recreational road races in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While world record-holders can maintain paces of 4–5 minutes per mile (2.5 – 3 minutes per km), non-professional runners average around 10 min/mile (6 min/km). The majority of registrants run for personal reasons such as achievement and fitness rather than to compete, and many race courses accommodate this by staying open long enough for participants to jog or walk the distance.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timing">Timing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_running&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Timing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In order to record times for participants in road races, the race organiser typically pays a timing company to take times electronically, using a technology called radio-frequency identification (RFID). RFID technology is placed in either a disposable race bib, a shoe chip that is tied to shoelaces, or an ankle bracelet. RFID timing mats are then placed at the finish line of the race; when the runner crosses the line their time will be automatically recorded. This technology has developed over time to be the most efficient form of recording multiple athlete times.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Benefits">Benefits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_running&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Benefits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diversity">Diversity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_running&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Diversity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Road running is recognizable for its diverse features. Anyone is welcome to participate in road running whether it be for recreational activity or for the purpose of competition. Running is an activity that attracts people from all over the world and for any age. For example, many road racing events recognize finishers in an age group system which acts as a way to reward younger or older athletes who may not be able to compete with runners in a prime age. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charity">Charity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_running&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Charity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Road races are often community-wide events that highlight or raise money for an issue or project. In the US, <a href="/wiki/Susan_G._Komen" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan G. Komen">Susan G. Komen</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Race_for_the_Cure" class="mw-redirect" title="Race for the Cure">Race for the Cure</a> is held nationwide to raise <a href="/wiki/Breast_cancer" title="Breast cancer">breast cancer</a> awareness. This race is also run in Germany, Italy and Puerto Rico. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Race_for_Life" title="Race for Life">Race for Life</a> holds races throughout the UK to raise money for <a href="/wiki/Cancer_Research_UK" title="Cancer Research UK">Cancer Research UK</a>. First person "race reports" frequently appear on the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Runners_Society" title="Dead Runners Society">Dead Runners Society</a> <a href="/wiki/Electronic_mailing_list" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic mailing list">electronic mailing list</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>'s Women's Mini-Marathon is said to be the largest all-female event of its kind in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motivation_to_be_active">Motivation to be active</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_running&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Motivation to be active"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For many, competing in a local road race can be the motivation needed for individuals to pursue physical activity. In a study done by the bureau for labor statistics, road running ranked third in the most common form of sport and exercise activity for Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_benefit">Physical benefit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_running&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Physical benefit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Running on the roads has a different effect on the muscles in the human body opposed to running on the treadmill. Treadmills are made to assist running form due to the way the belt pushes your legs back enhancing movement. Running on the road through various conditions such as hills will do more to strengthen glutes, hamstrings, quads, and smaller muscles in the legs.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, running on the road can help improve bone density as your body breaks down from impact and then regenerates itself.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disadvantages">Disadvantages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_running&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Disadvantages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact">Impact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_running&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with any type of running, there is a risk of natural wear and tear on the human body due to the different movements required to run. The difference with road running compared to other forms is that for long periods of time, a runner will continuously be landing on a harder surface, which can lead to various overuse injuries. In any given year, on average 65–80 percent of runners experience some type of injury.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to decrease the risk of becoming injured from impact on the road, runners can change their shoes every 300–400 miles (500–650 km). This is important because high mileage shoes have poor shock absorption and worn down treads which can cause pain.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Danger">Danger</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_running&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Danger"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One danger in road running, as opposed to running in any other location, is that vehicles drive by regularly at high speeds. In a study<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> by the company Road ID, it was found that on average 122,000 runners are hit by vehicles and end up in hospital each year. This figure does not include runners who are hit but do not end up in hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (February 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Runners can take precautions to decrease this risk, including: wearing reflective gear, wearing bright colors, running only during daylight, wearing a headlight, and running on the side of the road opposite traffic.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup"><span title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">facing oncoming traffic?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Costs">Costs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_running&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Costs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although running can seem like a very cheap activity that anyone can partake in, there are some expenses. Replacing running shoes every 400–500 miles (650–800 km) costs money.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup"><span title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">It was 300 to 400 miles earlier in the article.</span></a></i>]</sup> Also, road race entry fees can be expensive because they have to cover the costs incurred by the race organizer. The entry fee for some big city marathons can be 150 to 300 dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governing_body_and_international_organizations">Governing body and international organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_running&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Governing body and international organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The international governing body for road racing is <a href="/wiki/World_Athletics" title="World Athletics">World Athletics</a> (formerly IAAF). World Athletics aims to set the standards for competitions by ensuring that all participants are drug-free and that all equipment used is legal.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> World Athletics measures each race course to give it an World Athletics certification rating. Once a race course is certified, the course can be counted for different records or rankings.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>National governing bodies which are affiliated to World Athletics are responsible for road races held in their country. Of the thousands of road races held each year, 238 races, including some premier ones, are members of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_International_Marathons_and_Distance_Races" title="Association of International Marathons and Distance Races">Association of International Marathons and Distance Races</a> (AIMS). Many race organizers (or the running clubs which conduct the races) are members of the <a href="/wiki/Road_Runners_Club_of_America" title="Road Runners Club of America">Road Runners Club of America</a>. In addition, the USA Track & Field plays a role in selecting representatives for certain international competitions under the <a href="/wiki/Amateur_Sports_Act_of_1978" title="Amateur Sports Act of 1978">Amateur Sports Act of 1978</a>. </p><p>Competitors from around the world participate in what are dubbed the "elite" races for cash prizes. Elite level road running series include the <a href="/wiki/World_Marathon_Majors" title="World Marathon Majors">World Marathon Majors</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Run" title="Great Run">Great Run</a> series, and <a href="/wiki/IAAF_Road_Race_Label_Events" class="mw-redirect" title="IAAF Road Race Label Events">IAAF Road Race Label Events</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_competitions">Main competitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_running&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Main competitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marathon_and_half_marathon_events">Marathon and half marathon events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_running&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Marathon and half marathon events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Marathon_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="World Marathon Cup">World Marathon Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Half_Marathon_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="World Half Marathon Championships">World Half Marathon Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Marathon_Cup" title="European Marathon Cup">European Marathon Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Half_Marathon_Cup" title="European Half Marathon Cup">European Half Marathon Cup</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race-walking_events">Race-walking events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_running&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Race-walking events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Race_Walking_Team_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="World Race Walking Team Championships">World Race Walking Team Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Race_Walking_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="European Race Walking Cup">European Race Walking Cup</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_running&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ducksters.com&rft.atitle=Track+and+Field%3A+International+Association+of+Athletics+Federations+%28IAAF%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ducksters.com%2Fsports%2Ftrack_and_field%2Fiaaf.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoad+running" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldathletics.org/records/certified-roadevents">"Certified road events"</a>. <i>World Athletics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Athletics&rft.atitle=Certified+road+events&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldathletics.org%2Frecords%2Fcertified-roadevents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoad+running" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_running&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rrca.org/">Road Runners Club of America</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arrs.run/">Association of Road Racing Statisticians</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.runningusa.org/index.shtml">Running USA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roadrunnersclub.org.uk/">Road Runners Club UK</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barr-online.org.uk/">British Association of Road Races</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyrr.org/">New York Road Runners</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.5kracer.com/">5k race directory</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eastleighrunningclub.org.uk">Eastleigh Running Club</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_(running)" title="Sprint (running)">Sprinting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-distance_running" title="Middle-distance running">Middle-distance running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-distance_running" title="Long-distance running">Long-distance running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relay_race" title="Relay race">Relay race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurdling" title="Hurdling">Hurdling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_(athletics)" title="Steeplechase (athletics)">Steeplechase</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commgames_2006_Mens_Marathon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Commgames_2006_Mens_Marathon.jpg/80px-Commgames_2006_Mens_Marathon.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Commgames_2006_Mens_Marathon.jpg/120px-Commgames_2006_Mens_Marathon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Commgames_2006_Mens_Marathon.jpg/160px-Commgames_2006_Mens_Marathon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="902" data-file-height="1107" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Road running</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half_marathon" title="Half marathon">Half marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon" title="Marathon">Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultramarathon" title="Ultramarathon">Ultramarathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekiden" title="Ekiden">Ekiden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Off-road running</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross_country_running" title="Cross country running">Cross country running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_running" title="Mountain running">Mountain running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fell_running" title="Fell running">Fell running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_running" title="Trail running">Trail running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyrunning" title="Skyrunning">Skyrunning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tower_running" title="Tower running">Tower running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racewalking" title="Racewalking">Racewalking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backward_running" title="Backward running">Backward running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowshoe_running" title="Snowshoe running">Snowshoe running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkour" title="Parkour">Parkour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orienteering" title="Orienteering">Orienteering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foot_orienteering" title="Foot orienteering">Foot orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike_orienteering" title="Mountain bike orienteering">Mountain bike orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_orienteering" title="Ski orienteering">Ski orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_orienteering" title="Trail orienteering">Trail orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amateur_radio_direction_finding" title="Amateur radio direction finding">Radio orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_orienteering" title="Canoe orienteering">Canoe orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogaining" title="Rogaining">Rogaining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_marathon" title="Mountain marathon">Mountain marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_orienteering" title="Car orienteering">Car orienteering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">Bicycle racing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">Road bicycle racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclo-cross" title="Cyclo-cross">Cyclo-cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravel_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravel racing">Gravel racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike_racing" title="Mountain bike racing">Mountain bike racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_cycling" title="Track cycling">Track cycling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Keirin" title="Keirin">Keirin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMX_racing" title="BMX racing">BMX racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_speedway" title="Cycle speedway">Cycle speedway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_sport" title="Animals in sport">Animal racing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camel_racing" title="Camel racing">Camel racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greyhound_racing" title="Greyhound racing">Greyhound racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">Horse racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_racing" title="Pigeon racing">Pigeon racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sled_dog_racing" title="Sled dog racing">Sled dog racing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">Swimming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_water_swimming" title="Open water swimming">Open water swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon_swimming" title="Marathon swimming">Marathon swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_swimming" class="mw-redirect" title="Paralympic swimming">Paralympic swimming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">Climbing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speed_climbing" title="Speed climbing">Speed climbing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motorsport" title="Motorsport">Motor racing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Auto_racing" title="Auto racing">Auto racing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drag_racing" title="Drag racing">Drag racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_racing" title="Formula racing">Formula racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kart_racing" title="Kart racing">Kart racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-road_racing" title="Off-road racing">Off-road racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck_racing" title="Pickup truck racing">Pickup truck racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_car_racing" title="Sports car racing">Sports car racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_car_racing" title="Stock car racing">Stock car racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touring_car_racing" title="Touring car racing">Touring car racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truck_racing" title="Truck racing">Truck racing</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Coulthard_2008_Canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/David_Coulthard_2008_Canada.jpg/80px-David_Coulthard_2008_Canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/David_Coulthard_2008_Canada.jpg/120px-David_Coulthard_2008_Canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/David_Coulthard_2008_Canada.jpg/160px-David_Coulthard_2008_Canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1745" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_racing" title="Motorcycle racing">Motorcycle racing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_racing" title="Beach racing">Beach racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motocross" title="Motocross">Motocross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_chariot_racing" title="Motorcycle chariot racing">Motorcycle chariot racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_raid" title="Rally raid">Rally raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_racing" title="Track racing">Track racing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boat_racing#Motorboat_racing" title="Boat racing">Motorboat racing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drag_boat_racing" title="Drag boat racing">Drag boat racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroplane_racing" title="Hydroplane racing">Hydroplane racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jetsprint" title="Jetsprint">Jet sprint boat racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inshore_powerboat_racing" title="Inshore powerboat racing">Inshore powerboat racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offshore_powerboat_racing" title="Offshore powerboat racing">Offshore powerboat racing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_racing" title="Air racing">Air racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-controlled_car" title="Radio-controlled car">Radio-controlled car racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slot_car_racing" title="Slot car racing">Slot car racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_racing" title="Street racing">Street racing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board racing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longboarding" title="Longboarding">Longboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandboarding" title="Sandboarding">Sandboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slalom_skateboarding" title="Slalom skateboarding">Slalom skateboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_luge" title="Street luge">Street luge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winter racing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_skiing" title="Alpine skiing">Alpine skiing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_(sport)" title="Cross-country skiing (sport)">Cross-country skiing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowboard_cross" title="Snowboard cross">Snowboard cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_skating" title="Speed skating">Speed skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sledding" title="Sledding">Sledding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multi-sport racing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_racing" title="Adventure racing">Adventure racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">Triathlon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duathlon" title="Duathlon">Duathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquathlon" title="Aquathlon">Aquathlon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forms_of_racing" title="List of forms of racing">List of forms of racing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Athletics_events" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Athletics_events" title="Template:Athletics events"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Athletics_events" title="Template talk:Athletics events"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Athletics_events" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Athletics events"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Athletics_events" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sport_of_athletics" title="Sport of athletics">Athletics</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_athletics_events" title="List of athletics events">events</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Track_and_field" title="Track and field">Track and field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_country_running" title="Cross country running">Cross country running</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Road running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racewalking" title="Racewalking">Racewalking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Track</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sprint_(running)" title="Sprint (running)">Sprints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/50_metres" title="50 metres">50 m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55_metres" title="55 metres">55 m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60_metres" title="60 metres">60 m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100-yard_dash" title="100-yard dash">100 y</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/100_metres" title="100 metres">100 m</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/150_metres" title="150 metres">150 m</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/200_metres" title="200 metres">200 m</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/200_metres_straight" title="200 metres straight">straight</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/300_metres" title="300 metres">300 m</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/400_metres" title="400 metres">400 m</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/440-yard_dash" title="440-yard dash">440 y</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hurdling" title="Hurdling">Hurdles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/50_metres_hurdles" title="50 metres hurdles">50 m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55_metres_hurdles" title="55 metres hurdles">55 m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60_metres_hurdles" title="60 metres hurdles">60 m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/80_metres_hurdles" title="80 metres hurdles">80 m</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/100_metres_hurdles" title="100 metres hurdles">100 m</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/110_metres_hurdles" title="110 metres hurdles">110 m</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/200_metres_hurdles" title="200 metres hurdles">200 m</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Low_hurdles" title="Low hurdles">low</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/300_metres_hurdles" title="300 metres hurdles">300 m</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/400_metres_hurdles" title="400 metres hurdles">400 m</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle-distance_running" title="Middle-distance running">Middle-distance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/500_metres" title="500 metres">500 m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/600_metres" title="600 metres">600 m</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/800_metres" title="800 metres">800 m</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1000_metres" title="1000 metres">1000 m</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1500_metres" title="1500 metres">1500 m</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1600_meters" title="1600 meters">1600 m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_run" title="Mile run">One mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_metres" title="2000 metres">2000 m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_metres_steeplechase" title="2000 metres steeplechase">2000 m steeplechase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3000_metres" title="3000 metres">3000 m</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/3000_metres_steeplechase" title="3000 metres steeplechase">3000 m steeplechase</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3200_metres" title="3200 metres">3200 m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_miles" title="Two miles">Two miles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Long-distance_running" title="Long-distance running">Long-distance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/5000_metres" title="5000 metres">5000 m</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/10,000_metres" title="10,000 metres">10,000 m</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20,000_metres" title="20,000 metres">20,000 m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_hour_run" title="One hour run">One hour run</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Relay_race" title="Relay race">Relays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/4_%C3%97_100_metres_relay" title="4 × 100 metres relay">4 × 100 m</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_%C3%97_200_metres_relay" title="4 × 200 metres relay">4 × 200 m</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/4_%C3%97_400_metres_relay" title="4 × 400 metres relay">4 × 400 m</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_%C3%97_800_metres_relay" title="4 × 800 metres relay">4 × 800 m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_%C3%97_1500_metres_relay" title="4 × 1500 metres relay">4 × 1500 m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_%C3%97_mile_relay" title="4 × mile relay">4 × mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_medley_relay" title="Sprint medley relay">Sprint medley relay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distance_medley_relay" title="Distance medley relay">Distance medley relay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_relay" title="Swedish relay">Swedish relay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_hurdle_relay" title="Shuttle hurdle relay">Shuttle hurdle relay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Walking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mile_walk" title="Mile walk">Mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3000_metres_race_walk" title="3000 metres race walk">3000 m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5000_metres_race_walk" title="5000 metres race walk">5000 m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10,000_metres_race_walk" title="10,000 metres race walk">10,000 m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20,000_metres_race_walk" title="20,000 metres race walk">20,000 m</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Field</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Throws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shot_put" title="Shot put">Shot put</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_throw" title="Club throw">Club</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Discus_throw" title="Discus throw">Discus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hammer_throw" title="Hammer throw">Hammer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Javelin_throw" title="Javelin throw">Javelin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weight_throw" title="Weight throw">Weight throw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softball_throw" title="Softball throw">Softball throw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Jumps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/High_jump" title="High jump">High jump</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Standing_high_jump" title="Standing high jump">standing</a>)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pole_vault" title="Pole vault">Pole vault</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Long_jump" title="Long jump">Long jump</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Standing_long_jump" title="Standing long jump">standing</a>)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triple_jump" title="Triple jump">Triple jump</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Standing_triple_jump" title="Standing triple jump">standing</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Combined_track_and_field_events" title="Combined track and field events">Combined</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_pentathlon" title="Athletics pentathlon">Athletics pentathlon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_pentathlon" title="Women's pentathlon">women's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throws_pentathlon" title="Throws pentathlon">throws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexathlon" title="Hexathlon">Hexathlon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heptathlon" title="Heptathlon">Heptathlon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octathlon" title="Octathlon">Octathlon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Decathlon" title="Decathlon">Decathlon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetradecathlon" title="Tetradecathlon">Tetradecathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icosathlon" title="Icosathlon">Icosathlon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Running</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5K_run" title="5K run">5 km</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10K_run" title="10K run">10 km</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15K_run" title="15K run">15 km</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10-mile_run" title="10-mile run">10 mi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20K_run" title="20K run">20 km</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25K_run" title="25K run">25 km</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_marathon" title="Half marathon">Half marathon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marathon" title="Marathon">Marathon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekiden" title="Ekiden">Ekiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultramarathon" title="Ultramarathon">Ultramarathon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Walking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_kilometres_race_walk" title="10 kilometres race walk">10 km</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/20_kilometres_race_walk" title="20 kilometres race walk">20 km</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35_kilometres_race_walk" title="35 kilometres race walk">35 km</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50_kilometres_race_walk" title="50 kilometres race walk">50 km</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50_miles_race_walk" title="50 miles race walk">50 mi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100_kilometres_race_walk" title="100 kilometres race walk">100 km</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marathon_race_walk_mixed_relay" title="Marathon race walk mixed relay">Marathon mixed relay</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frame_running" title="Frame running">Frame running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiday_race" title="Multiday race">Multiday race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_racing" title="Wheelchair racing">Wheelchair racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backward_running" title="Backward running">Backward running</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" 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