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class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Acts 28</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="float: left;">← <a href="/wiki/Acts_27" title="Acts 27">chapter 27</a></div><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/Romans_1" title="Romans 1">Romans 1</a> →</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Uncial_0166_(Acts_28,30-31).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Uncial_0166_%28Acts_28%2C30-31%29.jpg/250px-Uncial_0166_%28Acts_28%2C30-31%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Uncial_0166_%28Acts_28%2C30-31%29.jpg/375px-Uncial_0166_%28Acts_28%2C30-31%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Uncial_0166_%28Acts_28%2C30-31%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="297" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">Acts 28:30-31 in <a href="/wiki/Uncial_0166" title="Uncial 0166">Uncial 0166</a> (5th century).</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Book</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Category</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Church_history" title="Church history">Church history</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Christian Bible part</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Order in the Christian part</th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Acts 28</b> is the twenty-eighth and final chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>. It records the journey of <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a> from <a href="/wiki/Malta_(island)" title="Malta (island)">Malta</a> to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Italy</a> until he is at last settled in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. The book containing this chapter is <a href="/wiki/Anonymity" title="Anonymity">anonymous</a>, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that <a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a> composed this book as well as the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Holman_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Text">Text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original text was written in <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a>. This chapter <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">is divided into</a> 31 verses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Textual_witnesses">Textual witnesses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Textual witnesses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some early <a href="/wiki/Biblical_manuscripts#New_Testament_manuscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical manuscripts">manuscripts</a> containing the text of this chapter are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Vaticanus" title="Codex Vaticanus">Codex Vaticanus</a> (AD 325–350)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Sinaiticus" title="Codex Sinaiticus">Codex Sinaiticus</a> (330–360)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Bezae" title="Codex Bezae">Codex Bezae</a> (~400)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Alexandrinus" title="Codex Alexandrinus">Codex Alexandrinus</a> (400–440)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Ephraemi_Rescriptus" title="Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus">Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus</a> (~450; extant verses 1–4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Laudianus" title="Codex Laudianus">Codex Laudianus</a> (~550; extant verses 27–31)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_Testament_references">Old Testament references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Old Testament references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#28:27" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 28:27</a>: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Isaiah#6:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Isaiah">Isaiah 6:9,10</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071061_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071061-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Testament_references">New Testament references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: New Testament references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#28:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 28:3–5</a>: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#10:19" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 10:19</a></li> <li><a href="#Verse_8">Acts 28:8</a>: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#4:38" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 4:38</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px"><div style="position:relative;width:300px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Italy is located in Italy"><img alt="Italy is located in Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Italy_relief_location_map.jpg/300px-Italy_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="377" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Italy_relief_location_map.jpg/450px-Italy_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Italy_relief_location_map.jpg/600px-Italy_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:95.179%;left:64.844%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div style="background-color:white"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><span style="color:Blue;"><i>Malta</i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:85.387%;left:71.053%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Syracuse"><img alt="Syracuse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div style="background-color:white"><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily"><span style="color:Blue;">Syracuse</span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:76.764%;left:73.776%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rhegium"><img alt="Rhegium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div style="background-color:white"><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria"><span style="color:Blue;">Rhegium</span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.251%;left:63.029%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Puteoli"><img alt="Puteoli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div style="background-color:white"><a href="/wiki/Pozzuoli" title="Pozzuoli"><span style="color:Blue;">Puteoli</span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:48.248%;left:52.14%;font-size:80%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tres Tabernae & Forum Appii"><img alt="Tres Tabernae & Forum Appii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div style="background-color:white"><a href="/wiki/Tre_Taverne" title="Tre Taverne"><span style="color:Blue;">Tres Tabernae</span></a> & <a href="/wiki/Forum_Appii" title="Forum Appii"><span style="color:Blue;">Forum Appii</span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.364%;left:45.313%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-1px;top:-1px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/1px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="1" height="1" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/2px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:2px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><span style="color:Black;"><i>Italy</i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.455%;left:49.219%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rome"><img alt="Rome" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div style="background-color:white"><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome"><span style="color:Blue;">Rome</span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:82.645%;left:60.938%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-1px;top:-1px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sicily"><img alt="Sicily" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/1px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="1" height="1" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/2px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:2px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily"><span style="color:Black;"><i>Sicily</i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:92.562%;left:84.375%;font-size:80%"><div class="id" style="left:-1px;top:-1px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mediterranean Sea"><img alt="Mediterranean Sea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/1px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="1" height="1" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/2px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:8em;bottom:2px;left:-4em"><div><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea"><span style="color:Black;"><i>Mediterranean Sea</i></span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_relief_location_map.jpg" title="File:Italy relief location map.jpg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Places mentioned in (blue) and related to (black) this chapter.</div></div></div> <p>This chapter mentions or alludes to the following places (in order of appearance): </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria">Rhegium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozzuoli" title="Pozzuoli">Puteoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_Appii" title="Forum Appii">Appii Forum (Forum Appii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tre_Taverne" title="Tre Taverne">Three Inns (Tres Tabernae)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Miracle_on_Malta_(verses_1–10)"><span id="Miracle_on_Malta_.28verses_1.E2.80.9310.29"></span>Miracle on Malta (verses 1–10)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Miracle on Malta (verses 1–10)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_1">Verse 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Verse 1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Now when they had escaped, they then found out that the island was called Malta.</i><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>The text refers to <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Μελίτη</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc">melitē</i></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is generally acknowledged to mean the <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Island of Malta">island of Malta</a>. It has also been argued that the <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatian</a> island of <a href="/wiki/Meleda_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Meleda (island)">Meleda</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a>, known as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Melita Illyrica</i></span>, was the location. This reading was first put forward in the tenth century by <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Porphyrogenite" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine the Porphyrogenite">Constantine the Porphyrogenite</a>, and was advocated later by a Dalmatian monk, Padre Georgi, who was a native of Meleda.<sup id="cite_ref-egt_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-egt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Robertson_Nicoll" title="William Robertson Nicoll">William Robertson Nicoll</a> argues that "there is no need... to refute [this] view", dismissing Georgi's argument because he was "no doubt jealous for the honour of his birthplace and his monastery".<sup id="cite_ref-egt_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-egt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_2">Verse 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Verse 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>And the natives [<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc">barbaroi</i></span>] showed us unusual kindness; for they kindled a fire and made us all welcome, because of the rain that was falling and because of the cold.</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>The native inhabitants of the island are called <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc">barbaroi</i></span> in Greek, the standard term for non-Greek speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They originally came from <a href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a> and their native language was <a href="/wiki/Punic_language" title="Punic language">Punic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The castaways were brought to a local landowner with the common Roman <i><a href="/wiki/Praenomen" title="Praenomen">praenomen</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Publius_(praenomen)" title="Publius (praenomen)">Publius</a></i> (verse 7), whose Maltese title as 'first man' is attested from ancient inscriptions found in the island.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The healing of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Publius" title="Saint Publius">Publius's</a> sick father (verse 8) recalls Jesus' healing of <a href="/wiki/Peter%27s_mother-in-law" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter's mother-in-law">Peter's mother-in-law</a>, and as in the gospels, prompts other islanders to come for healing (verse 9), indicating that 'God whom Paul serves (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+27:23&version=njkv">Acts 27:23</a>) is still with him' and that 'the whole shipwreck incident has served to load him with honor' (verse 10).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_6">Verse 6</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Verse 6"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>But they were expecting that he was going to swell up or suddenly drop dead. So after they had waited a long time and had seen nothing unusual happen to him, they changed their minds and said he <b>was a god</b></i> (<i>theón</i>)."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>From the Biblos Interlinear Bible:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>hoi</td> <td>de</td> <td>prosedokōn</td> <td>auton</td> <td>mellein</td> <td>pimprasthai</td> <td>ē</td> <td>katapiptein</td> <td>aphnō</td> <td>nekron </td></tr> <tr> <td>οἱ</td> <td>δὲ</td> <td>προσεδόκων</td> <td>αὐτὸν</td> <td>μέλλειν</td> <td>πίμπρασθαι</td> <td>ἢ</td> <td>καταπίπτειν</td> <td>ἄφνω</td> <td>νεκρόν </td></tr> <tr> <td>-</td> <td>but</td> <td>they were expecting</td> <td>him</td> <td>to be going</td> <td>to become inflamed</td> <td>or</td> <td>to fall down</td> <td>suddenly</td> <td>dead </td></tr> </tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>epi</td> <td>poly</td> <td>de</td> <td>autōn</td> <td>prosdokōntōn</td> <td>kai</td> <td>theōrountōn</td> <td>mēden</td> <td>atopon</td> <td>eis</td> <td>auton</td> <td>ginomenon </td></tr> <tr> <td>ἐπὶ</td> <td>πολὺ</td> <td>δὲ</td> <td>αὐτῶν</td> <td>προσδοκώντων</td> <td>καὶ</td> <td>θεωρούντων</td> <td>μηδὲν</td> <td>ἄτοπον</td> <td>εἰς</td> <td>αὐτὸν</td> <td>γινόμενον </td></tr> <tr> <td>after a while</td> <td>great</td> <td>however</td> <td>they</td> <td>expecting</td> <td>and</td> <td>seeing</td> <td>nothing</td> <td>amiss</td> <td>to</td> <td>him</td> <td>happening </td></tr> </tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>metabalomenoi</td> <td>elegon</td> <td>auton</td> <td>einai</td> <td>theon </td></tr> <tr> <td>μεταβαλόμενοι</td> <td>ἔλεγον</td> <td>αὐτὸν</td> <td>εἶναι</td> <td>θεόν </td></tr> <tr> <td>having changed their opinion</td> <td>said</td> <td>he</td> <td>was</td> <td>a god </td></tr> </tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>For comparison, see <a href="/wiki/John_1:1" title="John 1:1">John 1:1</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The islanders regarded "Paul's imperviousness to snakebite" as a sign of his divine status. This was a common attitude among both Greek-speaking people and '<a href="/wiki/Barbarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbarians">barbarians</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chariton_of_Aphrodisias" class="mw-redirect" title="Chariton of Aphrodisias">Chariton of Aphrodisias</a> wrote in his historical novel, <i>Callirhoe</i> (mid first century AD, roughly contemporary with Acts), about a pirate who was saved from shipwreck, who then claimed divine intervention.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this case the pirate was saved so that he could receive a just punishment for his crimes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_8">Verse 8</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Verse 8"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>It happened that the father of Publius lay sick with fever and dysentery. And Paul visited him and prayed, and putting his hands on him, healed him.</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li>"Fever and dysentery": The <a href="/wiki/Pulpit_Commentary" title="Pulpit Commentary">Pulpit Commentary</a> noted about this verse that "the terms here used are all professional ones". The word <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">πυρετοῖς</span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=G4446"><i>pyretois</i></a></span>, "fevers" in the plural, is frequently found in the ancient medical writings of <a href="/wiki/Hippocrates" title="Hippocrates">Hippocrates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aretaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Aretaeus">Aretaeus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Galen" title="Galen">Galen</a>, but elsewhere by other writers in the New Testament always in the singular <i>πυρετός</i>. The term <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">δυσεντερίῳ</span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=G1420"><i>dysenteriō</i></a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Hapax_legomenon" title="Hapax legomenon">only found here</a> in the New Testament, is the regular technical word for "<a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a>," and used frequently in medical writings coupled with fevers (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">πυρετοί</span> or <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">πυρετός</span></span>), to indicate different stages of the same illness.<sup id="cite_ref-pulpit_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pulpit-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ethiopic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopic language">Ethiopic</a> version of Acts adds after "Paul went in to him and prayed", "<i>and he entreated him to put his hand upon him</i>" meaning either that <a href="/wiki/Saint_Publius" title="Saint Publius">Publius</a> asked this favor on behalf of his father, or the Publius' father himself asked this.<sup id="cite_ref-gill_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gill-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Journey_from_Malta_to_Rome_(verses_11–16)"><span id="Journey_from_Malta_to_Rome_.28verses_11.E2.80.9316.29"></span>Journey from Malta to Rome (verses 11–16)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Journey from Malta to Rome (verses 11–16)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An Alexandrian ship wintered in the island gives weight to the identification of 'Melita' with <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, on the usual line of sea travel from <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> to <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, while the other suggestion, <i>Meleda</i> was far out of the way.<sup id="cite_ref-ellicott_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ellicott-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ship stopped in the ports along the east coast of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> and the 'toe' of Italy (verses 12–13), featured prominently in ancient Greek writings of voyages to the area, but thereafter the account prefers the Italian names, such as "Puteoli" instead of the Greek <i>Dicaearchia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> there were already 'brothers' (verse 15; NRSV: 'believers') who came out to provide Paul a ceremonial escort along the Appian Way leading into the city. Verse 16 reminds that Paul was still a prisoner with limited liberty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_11">Verse 11</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Verse 11"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:308px;max-width:308px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pompeii_Dioscurus_Mural_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pompeii_Dioscurus_Mural_1.jpg/150px-Pompeii_Dioscurus_Mural_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pompeii_Dioscurus_Mural_1.jpg/225px-Pompeii_Dioscurus_Mural_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pompeii_Dioscurus_Mural_1.jpg/300px-Pompeii_Dioscurus_Mural_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pompeii_Dioscurus_Mural_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pompeii_Dioscurus_Mural_2.jpg/250px-Pompeii_Dioscurus_Mural_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pompeii_Dioscurus_Mural_2.jpg/330px-Pompeii_Dioscurus_Mural_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center">A pair of paintings at the entrance to the "House of the Dioscuri" in <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>.</div></div></div></div> <dl><dd><i>After three months we sailed in an Alexandrian ship whose figurehead was the Twin Brothers, which had wintered at the island.</i><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li>"After three months": Based on <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#27:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 27:9</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#27:27" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 27:27</a>, Ellicott calculated that the time of the sailing fell in beginning of February.<sup id="cite_ref-ellicott_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ellicott-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Whose figurehead was the Twin Brothers": translated from the Greek phrase <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">παρασήμῳ Διοσκούροις</span></span> <i><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=G3902">parasēmō</a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=G1359">Dioskourois</a></span></i>. The word "<i>parasemo</i>", that was attested in an ancient Greek dedicatory inscription,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> can be translated as "whose sign was" or "marked with the image or figure of".<sup id="cite_ref-egt_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-egt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a> wrote about the Alexandrian method to decorate each side of the <a href="/wiki/Bow_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow (ship)">ship prow</a> with figures of deities.<sup id="cite_ref-egt_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-egt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Twin Brothers" or "Dioscuri" refer to "<a href="/wiki/Castor_and_Pollux" title="Castor and Pollux">Castor and Pollux</a>" (<a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a>), who were specially honored in the district of Cyrenaica, not far from Alexandria.<sup id="cite_ref-egt_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-egt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a> wrote of them (ca. 23 BCE) as "the children of <a href="/wiki/Leda_(mythology)" title="Leda (mythology)">Leda</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the “brothers of <a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen</a>, beaming stars”,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because the constellation named after <a href="/wiki/Castor_(star)" title="Castor (star)">Castor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pollux_(star)" title="Pollux (star)">Pollux</a> stars (<a href="/wiki/Gemini_(constellation)" title="Gemini (constellation)">Gemini</a>) provides bright starlight for mariners, so they are honored as the protector gods of sailors.<sup id="cite_ref-benson_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benson-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his tale of shipwreck, <a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian of Samosata</a> (second century CE) wrote about the important role of the Dioscuri for the safety of the ships,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Paul does not need other help than from God to get through the storm, so the mention here is purely about on the aspect of decoration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paul's_reception_in_Rome_(verses_17–22)"><span id="Paul.27s_reception_in_Rome_.28verses_17.E2.80.9322.29"></span>Paul's reception in Rome (verses 17–22)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Paul's reception in Rome (verses 17–22)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paul finally reached Rome, after a long journey starting in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#20:21" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 20:21</a> and, as a faithful Jew, he started by approaching the leaders of the Jewish community in Rome to request a fair hearing on his gospel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060–1061_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060–1061-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Significantly, the Jewish community in Rome shows an open-minded attitude (verse 22) with no sign of the animosity which Paul has encountered in Asia Minor (Acts 21:27–28), while Paul called the leaders of the community as 'brothers' (verse 17), and assured them that his appeal to Caesar does not imply any disloyalty to 'my nation' (verse 19), hoping to get them on his side before word arrived from Jerusalem (verse 21). The community saw Paul's teaching as related to the 'sect which is spoken against' (verse 21, cf. Luke 2:34), but they want to decide themselves (verse 22) as Paul preach to them in similar way as in all his trials, using the term 'hope of Israel' (as he said to Agrippa in Acts 26:6–8) to refer the 'waiting for the consolation of Israel' for those in the temple (Luke 2:25–38).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071061_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071061-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paul's_last_words_(verses_23–31)"><span id="Paul.27s_last_words_.28verses_23.E2.80.9331.29"></span>Paul's last words (verses 23–31)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Paul's last words (verses 23–31)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CodeAlexandrinusFolio76rExplActs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/CodeAlexandrinusFolio76rExplActs.jpg/200px-CodeAlexandrinusFolio76rExplActs.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/CodeAlexandrinusFolio76rExplActs.jpg/300px-CodeAlexandrinusFolio76rExplActs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/CodeAlexandrinusFolio76rExplActs.jpg/400px-CodeAlexandrinusFolio76rExplActs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Acts 28:30-31 (end) and the <a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">Epistle of James</a> 1:1-18 in <a href="/wiki/Codex_Alexandrinus" title="Codex Alexandrinus">Codex Alexandrinus</a> (folio 76r) from 5th century</figcaption></figure> <p>The content of Paul's preaching to the local community was not recorded, but it can be inferred as a repetition of the arguments presented elsewhere in the book of Acts (verse 23).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071061_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071061-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some listeners were 'convinced' (verse 24), but the overall state of the community at that time was 'disharmony' (verse 25, from Greek <i>asymphonoi</i>, "disagreed").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071061_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071061-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prophecy in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Isaiah#6:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Isaiah">Isaiah 6:9–10</a> was cited (verses 26–27) to reflect Jewish rejection of Jesus as a tragic failure of 'this people' to 'take advantage of the proffered 'salvation' (verse 28: picking up earlier allusions to Isaiah in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#26:12" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 26:12—23</a>), and related to Simeon's prophecy in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#2:30" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 2:30</a> (cf. Luke's citation in the parable of the sower (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#8:10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 8:10</a>) with <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#13:14" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 13:14–15</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark#4:12" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Mark">Mark 4:12</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071061_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071061-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final two verses of the chapter record Paul's continued witness to 'all who came' (that is, Jews as well as Gentiles, verse 30) over a two-year period with the confidence that the 'proclamation of the gospel will go on into an uncertain future with all boldness and without hindrance' (verse 31).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071061_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071061-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_28">Verse 28</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Verse 28"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>[Paul said:] <i>"Therefore let it be known to you that the salvation of God has been sent to the Gentiles, and they will hear it!"</i><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>There is a repeated pattern: 'Jewish rejection of the gospel leads to an emphasis on Gentile inclusion' (<a href="/wiki/Acts_13" title="Acts 13">Acts 13</a>:44-47).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_31">Verse 31</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Verse 31"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The narrative of Acts ends with Paul: </p> <dl><dd><i>preaching the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of God">kingdom of God</a> and teaching the things which concern the Lord <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> with all confidence, no one forbidding him.</i><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li>"No one forbidding him" is translated from Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀκωλύτως</span></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=G209"><i>akōlytōs</i></a></span>, "unhinderedly".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dioskouroi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioskouroi">Twin Brothers (Dioskouroi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a></li> <li>Related <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> parts: <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_6" title="Isaiah 6">Isaiah 6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_13" title="Matthew 13">Matthew 13</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acts_26" title="Acts 26">Acts 26</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acts_27" title="Acts 27">Acts 27</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Holman-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Holman_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071061-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071061_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071061_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071061_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071061_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071061_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071061_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlexander2007">Alexander 2007</a>, p. 1061.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+28:1&version=nkjv">Acts 28:1</a>: <a href="/wiki/New_King_James_Version" title="New King James Version">New King James Version</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+28:1&version=sblgnt">Acts 28:1</a>: <a href="/wiki/SBL_Greek_New_Testament" title="SBL Greek New Testament">SBL Greek New Testament</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-egt-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-egt_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-egt_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-egt_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-egt_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-egt_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/egt/acts/28.htm">"Acts 28 Expositor's Greek Testament"</a>. <i>biblehub.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=biblehub.com&rft.atitle=Acts+28+Expositor%27s+Greek+Testament&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fcommentaries%2Fegt%2Facts%2F28.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActs+28" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+28:2&version=nkjv">Acts 28:2</a>: <a href="/wiki/New_King_James_Version" title="New King James Version">New King James Version</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlexander2007">Alexander 2007</a>, p. 1060.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+28:6&version=net">Acts 28:6</a>: <a href="/wiki/New_English_Translation" title="New English Translation">NET Bible</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://interlinearbible.org/acts/28-6.htm"><i>Biblos Interlinear Bible</i>. Acts 28:6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Chariton" title="Chariton">Chariton</a>, <i>Callirhoe</i>, 3.4.9–10; <i>apud</i> Alexander 2007, p. 1060</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esv.org/Acts+28:8">Acts 28:8</a>: <a href="/wiki/English_Standard_Version" title="English Standard Version">ESV</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pulpit-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pulpit_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/pulpit/acts/28.htm">On "Acts 28".</a> In: <i>The <a href="/wiki/Pulpit_Commentary" title="Pulpit Commentary">Pulpit Commentary</a></i>. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 21 October 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gill-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gill_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Gill_(theologian)" title="John Gill (theologian)">Gill, John</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/gill/acts/28.htm"><i>Exposition of the Entire Bible</i>. Acts 28</a>, accessed 21 October 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ellicott-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ellicott_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ellicott_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ellicott" title="Charles Ellicott">Ellicott, C. J.</a> (Ed.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/ellicott/acts/28.htm"><i>Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers</i>. Acts 28.</a> London : Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708. Accessed 28 April 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">cf. "Dicaearchia, which the Italians call Puteoli" in Josephus. <i>Vita</i>, 16; <i>apud</i> Alexander 2007, p. 1060.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+28:11&version=nkjv">Acts 28:11</a>: NKJV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quote: "Alford, Page, quoting from an inscription found near Lutro and given by J. Smith, in which reference is made to a Dionysius of Alexandria as <i>gubernator navis <b>parasemo</b> Isopharia</i>. <i>Expositor's Greek Testament. Acts 28</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Latin quote: <i>puerosque Ledce</i> (<a href="/wiki/Odes_(Horace)" title="Odes (Horace)"><i>Odes</i></a> i. 12, 25). <i>Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers</i>. Acts 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Latin quote: <i>fratres Helenœ, lucida sidera</i> (<a href="/wiki/Odes_(Horace)" title="Odes (Horace)"><i>Od.</i></a> i. 3, 2). <i>Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers</i>. Acts 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-benson-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-benson_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benson, Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/benson/Acts/28.htm"><i>Commentary on the Old and New Testaments</i>: Exodus 12</a>, accessed 9 July 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a>, <i>On Salaried Posts</i>, 1–2; <i>apud</i> Alexander 2007, p. 1060.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060–1061-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander20071060–1061_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlexander2007">Alexander 2007</a>, pp. 1060–1061.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+28:28&version=nkjv">Acts 28:28</a>: NKJV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Note [c] on Acts 28:28 in <a href="/wiki/New_English_Translation" title="New English Translation">NET Bible</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+28:31&version=nkjv">Acts 28:31</a>: NKJV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/text/acts/28-31.htm">Acts 28:31: Greek text analysis</a>. Biblehub.com</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCoogan2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Coogan" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael D. Coogan">Coogan, Michael David</a> (2007). Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; Perkins, Pheme (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ"><i>The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48</i></a> (Augmented 3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195288810" title="Special:BookSources/9780195288810"><bdi>9780195288810</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Oxford+Annotated+Bible+with+the+Apocryphal%2FDeuterocanonical+Books%3A+New+Revised+Standard+Version%2C+Issue+48&rft.edition=Augmented+3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780195288810&rft.aulast=Coogan&rft.aufirst=Michael+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHmpMPgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActs+28" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlexander2007" class="citation book cs1">Alexander, Loveday (2007). "62. Acts". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ"><i>The Oxford Bible Commentary</i></a> (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">1028–</span>1061. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199277186" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199277186"><bdi>978-0199277186</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=62.+Acts&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Bible+Commentary&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1028-%3C%2Fspan%3E1061&rft.edition=first+%28paperback%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0199277186&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Loveday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZJdVkgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActs+28" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#28:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 28</a> King James Bible - Wikisource</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=1&b=5&c=28">English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gospelhall.org/bible/bible.php?passage=Acts+28"><i>Online Bible</i> at GospelHall.org</a> (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=51&chapter=28">Multiple bible versions at <i>Bible Gateway</i></a> (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Template:Acts of the Apostles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Template talk:Acts of the Apostles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Acts of the Apostles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Acts_of_the_Apostles158" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_1" title="Acts 1">Acts 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_2" title="Acts 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_3" title="Acts 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_4" title="Acts 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_5" title="Acts 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_6" title="Acts 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_7" title="Acts 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_8" title="Acts 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_9" title="Acts 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_10" title="Acts 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_11" title="Acts 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_12" title="Acts 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_13" title="Acts 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_14" title="Acts 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_15" title="Acts 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_16" title="Acts 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_17" title="Acts 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_18" title="Acts 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_19" title="Acts 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_20" title="Acts 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_21" title="Acts 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_22" title="Acts 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_23" title="Acts 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_24" title="Acts 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_25" title="Acts 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_26" title="Acts 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_27" title="Acts 27">27</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">28</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_Paul_the_Apostle" title="Conversion of Paul the Apostle">Conversion of Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter%27s_vision_of_a_sheet_with_animals" title="Peter's vision of a sheet with animals">Peter's vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Peter" title="Liberation of Peter">Peter's liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Jerusalem" title="Council of Jerusalem">Council of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areopagus_sermon" title="Areopagus sermon">Areopagus sermon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_burning_at_Ephesus" title="Book burning at Ephesus">Book burning at Ephesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas_(biblical_figure)" title="Aeneas (biblical figure)">Aeneas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_Agrippa" title="Herod Agrippa">Agrippa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_Agrippa_II" title="Herod Agrippa II">Agrippa II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_of_Damascus" title="Ananias of Damascus">Ananias (Damascus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_son_of_Nedebeus" title="Ananias son of Nedebeus">Ananias (High Priest)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_and_Sapphira" title="Ananias and Sapphira">Ananias (Judea)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristarchus_of_Thessalonica" title="Aristarchus of Thessalonica">Aristarchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymas" title="Elymas">Bar-jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_(daughter_of_Herod_Agrippa)" title="Berenice (daughter of Herod Agrippa)">Berenice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blastus" title="Blastus">Blastus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_the_Centurion" title="Cornelius the Centurion">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_(biblical_figure)" title="Demetrius (biblical figure)">Demetrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Dionysius the Areopagite">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorcas" title="Dorcas">Dorcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drusilla_(daughter_of_Herod_Agrippa)" title="Drusilla (daughter of Herod Agrippa)">Drusilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_eunuch" title="Ethiopian eunuch">Ethiopian eunuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutychus" title="Eutychus">Eutychus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonius_Felix" title="Antonius Felix">Felix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcius_Festus" title="Porcius Festus">Festus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Junius_Gallio_Annaeanus" title="Lucius Junius Gallio Annaeanus">Gallio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamaliel" title="Gamaliel">Gamaliel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_brother_of_Jesus" title="James, brother of Jesus">James the Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_of_Thessalonica" title="Jason of Thessalonica">Jason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barsabbas" title="Joseph Barsabbas">Joseph Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Barsabbas" title="Judas Barsabbas">Judas Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_of_Galilee" title="Judas of Galilee">Judas of Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_of_Cyrene" title="Lucius of Cyrene">Lucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_of_Thyatira" title="Lydia of Thyatira">Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Lysias" title="Claudius Lysias">Lysias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manahen" title="Manahen">Manaen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mark" title="John Mark">(John) Mark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_the_cousin_of_Barnabas" title="Mark the cousin of Barnabas">cousin of Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_John_Mark" title="Mary, mother of John Mark">Mary mother of John Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Matthias" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Matthias">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicanor_the_Deacon" title="Nicanor the Deacon">Nicanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaism" title="Nicolaism">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmenas" title="Parmenas">Parmenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_Paulus" title="Sergius Paulus">Paullus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Evangelist" title="Philip the Evangelist">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prochorus_(deacon)" title="Prochorus (deacon)">Prochorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Publius" title="Saint Publius">Publius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhoda_(biblical_figure)" title="Rhoda (biblical figure)">Rhoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_and_Sapphira" title="Ananias and Sapphira">Sapphira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceva" title="Sceva">Sceva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Deacons" title="Seven Deacons">Seven Deacons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Niger" title="Simeon Niger">Simeon Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Magus" title="Simon Magus">Simon the Sorcerer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopater" title="Sopater">Sopater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullus" title="Tertullus">Tertullus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_(biblical)" title="Theophilus (biblical)">Theophilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theudas" title="Theudas">Theudas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophimus" title="Trophimus">Trophimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tychicus" title="Tychicus">Tychicus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue_of_the_Libertines" title="Synagogue of the Libertines">Synagogue of the Libertines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Age">Apostolic Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles_(genre)" title="Acts of the Apostles (genre)">Acts of the Apostles (genre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Luke–Acts">Luke–Acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Authorship of Luke–Acts">Authorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke the Evangelist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_reliability_of_the_Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Historical reliability of the Acts of the Apostles">Historical reliability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_the_Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Holy Spirit in the Acts of the Apostles">Holy Spirit in the Acts of the Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Textual variants in the Acts of the Apostles">Textual variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamaliel%27s_principle" title="Gamaliel's principle">Gamaliel's principle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_8" title="Papyrus 8">Papyrus 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_29" title="Papyrus 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_33" title="Papyrus 33">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_38" title="Papyrus 38">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_48" title="Papyrus 48">48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_50" title="Papyrus 50">50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_53" title="Papyrus 53">53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_56" title="Papyrus 56">56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_57" title="Papyrus 57">57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_74" title="Papyrus 74">74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_91" title="Papyrus 91">91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_112" title="Papyrus 112">112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_127" title="Papyrus 127">127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Laudianus" title="Codex Laudianus">Codex Laudianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Mutinensis" title="Codex Mutinensis">Codex Mutinensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_095" title="Uncial 095">Uncial 095</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_096" title="Uncial 096">096</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_097" title="Uncial 097">097</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_0120" title="Uncial 0120">0120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_0140" title="Uncial 0140">0140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_0165" title="Uncial 0165">0165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_0175" title="Uncial 0175">0175</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_0189" title="Uncial 0189">0189</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_0236" title="Uncial 0236">0236</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_0244" title="Uncial 0244">0244</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_0294" title="Uncial 0294">0294</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_0304" title="Uncial 0304">0304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C5%A1kovi%C4%87%27s_fragment_of_the_Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Gršković's fragment of the Acts of the Apostles">Gršković's fragment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihanovi%C4%87%27s_fragment_of_the_Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Mihanović's fragment of the Acts of the Apostles">Mihanović's fragment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A.D._(miniseries)" title="A.D. (miniseries)">A.D.</a></i> (1985 miniseries)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Visual_Bible:_Acts" title="The Visual Bible: Acts">The Visual Bible: Acts</a></i> (1994 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&oldid=1280443161">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acts_28&oldid=1280443161</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Acts_of_the_Apostles_chapters" title="Category:Acts of the Apostles chapters">Acts of the Apostles chapters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Castor_and_Pollux" title="Category:Castor and Pollux">Castor and Pollux</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Paul_the_Apostle" title="Category:Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Malta_in_the_Roman_era" title="Category:Malta in the Roman era">Malta in the Roman era</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_June_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2024">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Greek-language text">Articles containing Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_numeric_Bible_version_references" title="Category:Pages with numeric Bible version references">Pages with numeric Bible version references</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 March 2025, at 17:21<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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