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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Early career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Political career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Minister_of_Finance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minister_of_Finance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Minister of Finance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minister_of_Finance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leader_of_Opposition_in_Rajya_Sabha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leader_of_Opposition_in_Rajya_Sabha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leader_of_Opposition_in_Rajya_Sabha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Prime minister</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prime_minister-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Prime minister subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prime_minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_term:_2004–2009" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_term:_2004–2009"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>First term: 2004–2009</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_term:_2004–2009-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Economic policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Healthcare and education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security_and_Home_Affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security_and_Home_Affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Security and Home Affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security_and_Home_Affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.4</span> <span>Notable legislation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.5</span> <span>Foreign policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_term:_2009–2014" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_term:_2009–2014"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Second term: 2009–2014</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_term:_2009–2014-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-premiership_(2014–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-premiership_(2014–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Post-premiership (2014–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-premiership_(2014–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Public image</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_and_personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_and_personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Family and personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_and_personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Degrees_and_posts_held" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Degrees_and_posts_held"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Degrees and posts held</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Degrees_and_posts_held-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Manmohan Singh</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 95 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">95 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA" title="مانموهان سينغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مانموهان سينغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="মনমোহন সিং – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মনমোহন সিং" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9" title="मनमोहन सिंह – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मनमोहन सिंह" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Sinqh" title="Manmohan Sinqh – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Manmohan Sinqh" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="মনমোহন সিং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মনমোহন সিং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%85" title="Манмахан Сінгх – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Манмахан Сінгх" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9" title="मनमोहन सिंह – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मनमोहन सिंह" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%85" title="Манмохан Сингх – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Манмохан Сингх" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manm%C3%B3han_Singh" title="Manmóhan Singh – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Manmóhan Singh" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%AF%DE%80%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0_%DE%90%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%8E" title="މަންމޯހަން ސިންގ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މަންމޯހަން ސިންގ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9" title="मनमोहन सिंह – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मनमोहन सिंह" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%BD_%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Μανμοχάν Σινγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μανμοχάν Σινγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="مانموهان سینگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مانموهان سینگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%B9" title="મનમોહન સિંહ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મનમોહન સિંહ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%8C%EB%AA%A8%ED%95%9C_%EC%8B%B1" title="만모한 싱 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="만모한 싱" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B0" title="Մանմոհան Սինգհ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մանմոհան Սինգհ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9" title="मनमोहन सिंह – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मनमोहन सिंह" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="מאנמוהאן סינג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מאנמוהאן סינג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮನಮೋಹನ್ ಸಿಂಗ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮನಮೋಹನ್ ಸಿಂಗ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98" title="მანმოჰან სინგჰი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მანმოჰან სინგჰი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohans_Singhs" title="Manmohans Singhs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Manmohans Singhs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Szingh" title="Manmohan Szingh – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Manmohan Szingh" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9" title="मनमोहन सिंह – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मनमोहन सिंह" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="മൻമോഹൻ സിങ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൻമോഹൻ സിങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="मनमोहन सिंग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मनमोहन सिंग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC" title="مانموهان سينج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مانموهان سينج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="مانموهان سینگ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مانموهان سینگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Манмохан Синг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Манмохан Синг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%86%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="မာမိုဟမ် ဆင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မာမိုဟမ် ဆင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9" title="मनमोहन सिंह – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मनमोहन सिंह" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3" title="マンモハン・シン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マンモハン・シン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%A8_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%82%E0%AC%B9" title="ମନମୋହନ ସିଂହ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମନମୋହନ ସିଂହ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਮਨਮੋਹਨ ਸਿੰਘ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਨਮੋਹਨ ਸਿੰਘ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%DB%81%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%BE" title="منموہن سنگھ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="منموہن سنگھ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%85,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сингх, Манмохан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сингх, Манмохан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9" title="मनमोहन सिंह – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मनमोहन सिंह" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9D" title="ᱢᱚᱱᱢᱚᱦᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱝ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱚᱱᱢᱚᱦᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱝ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%82" title="මන්මෝහන් සිං – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මන්මෝහන් සිං" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Манмохан Синг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Манмохан Синг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="மன்மோகன் சிங் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மன்மோகன் சிங்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D" title="మన్మోహన్ సింగ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మన్మోహన్ సింగ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C" title="มันโมหัน สิงห์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มันโมหัน สิงห์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D2%B3" title="Манмоҳан Сингҳ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Манмоҳан Сингҳ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮನಮೋಹನ್ ಸಿಂಗ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಮನಮೋಹನ್ ಸಿಂಗ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BD%D2%91%D1%85" title="Манмоган Сінґх – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Манмоган Сінґх" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%DB%81%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%BE" title="منموہن سنگھ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="منموہن سنگھ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Manmohan Singh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Manmohan Singh" 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class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prime Minister of India from 2004 to 2014</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Manmohan Singh, see <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Manmohan Singh (disambiguation)">Manmohan Singh (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Manmohan Singh</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_Portrait_of_the_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A portrait photograph of a bespectacled Indian man with a dark grey beard, a blue turban, and a white button-down shirt standing before a natural backdrop of trees. A pen is in his pocket." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Official_Portrait_of_the_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh.jpg/220px-Official_Portrait_of_the_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Official_Portrait_of_the_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh.jpg/330px-Official_Portrait_of_the_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Official_Portrait_of_the_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh.jpg/440px-Official_Portrait_of_the_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="900" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2004</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />22 May 2004 – 26 May 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam" title="A. P. J. Abdul Kalam">A. P. J. Abdul Kalam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pratibha_Patil" title="Pratibha Patil">Pratibha Patil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Vice President</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhairon_Singh_Shekhawat" title="Bhairon Singh Shekhawat">Bhairon Singh Shekhawat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hamid_Ansari" title="Mohammad Hamid Ansari">Mohammad Hamid Ansari</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Additional ministries</div></th> </tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />22 May 2004 – 26 May 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ministry and Departments</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions" title="Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions">Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Atomic_Energy" title="Department of Atomic Energy">Department of Atomic Energy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Space" title="Department of Space">Department of Space</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Planning_Commission_(India)" title="Planning Commission (India)">Planning Commission</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Krishna_Advani" class="mw-redirect" title="Lal Krishna Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">10th <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_Rajya_Sabha" title="Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha">Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />21 March 1998 – 21 May 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishan_Kant" title="Krishan Kant">Krishan Kant</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bhairon_Singh_Shekhawat" title="Bhairon Singh Shekhawat">Bhairon Singh Shekhawat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sikander_Bakht" title="Sikander Bakht">Sikander Bakht</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh">Jaswant Singh</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">22nd <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Union Minister of Finance</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />21 June 1991 – 16 May 1996</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yashwant_Sinha" title="Yashwant Sinha">Yashwant Sinha</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh">Jaswant Singh</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Rajya_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha">Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />19 August 2019 – 3 April 2024</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Madan_Lal_Saini" title="Madan Lal Saini">Madan Lal Saini</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Gandhi" title="Sonia Gandhi">Sonia Gandhi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rajya_Sabha_members_from_Rajasthan" title="List of Rajya Sabha members from Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 October 1991 – 14 June 2019</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Amritlal Basumatary</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kamakhya_Prasad_Tasa" title="Kamakhya Prasad Tasa">Kamakhya Prasad Tasa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rajya_Sabha_members_from_Assam" title="List of Rajya Sabha members from Assam">Assam</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">15th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the Reserve Bank of India">Governor of the Reserve Bank of India</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />16 September 1982 – 14 January 1985</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/I._G._Patel" title="I. G. Patel">I. G. Patel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amitav_Ghosh_(banker)" title="Amitav Ghosh (banker)">Amitav Ghosh</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1932-09-26</span>) </span>26 September 1932<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 92)</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gah,_Pakistan" title="Gah, Pakistan">Gah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a></li><li>(present-day <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a>, Pakistan)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gursharan_Kaur" title="Gursharan Kaur">Gursharan Kaur</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1958)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3, including <a href="/wiki/Upinder_Singh" title="Upinder Singh">Upinder Singh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daman_Singh" title="Daman Singh">Daman Singh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence(s)</th><td class="infobox-data label">3, Motilal Nehru Marg, <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, India<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panjab_University" title="Panjab University">Panjab University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St John's College, Cambridge">St John's College, Cambridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Nuffield_College,_Oxford" title="Nuffield College, Oxford">Nuffield College, Oxford</a> (<a href="/wiki/DPhil" class="mw-redirect" title="DPhil">DPhil</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economist" title="Economist">Economist</a></li><li>academician</li><li>bureaucrat</li><li>politician</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Padma_Vibushan" class="mw-redirect" title="Padma Vibushan">Padma Vibushan</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith_Prize" title="Adam Smith Prize">Adam Smith Prize</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manmohan_Singh_Signatures.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Manmohan Singh's signature"><img alt="Manmohan Singh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e4/Manmohan_Singh_Signatures.svg/128px-Manmohan_Singh_Signatures.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e4/Manmohan_Singh_Signatures.svg/192px-Manmohan_Singh_Signatures.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e4/Manmohan_Singh_Signatures.svg/256px-Manmohan_Singh_Signatures.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="230" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Manmohan_Singh_voice.ogg" title="File:Manmohan Singh voice.ogg">Manmohan Singh's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="149" data-mwtitle="Manmohan_Singh_voice.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/Manmohan_Singh_voice.ogg/Manmohan_Singh_voice.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Manmohan_Singh_voice.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Singh delivering a <a href="/wiki/Joint_session_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Joint session of the United States Congress">joint address to the United States Congress</a><br />Recorded 19 July 2005</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output 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p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border-color: #00BFFF"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:#00BFFF;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister,_Manmohan_Singh_Official_Portrait,_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Prime_Minister%2C_Manmohan_Singh_Official_Portrait%2C_2009.jpg/75px-Prime_Minister%2C_Manmohan_Singh_Official_Portrait%2C_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Prime_Minister%2C_Manmohan_Singh_Official_Portrait%2C_2009.jpg/113px-Prime_Minister%2C_Manmohan_Singh_Official_Portrait%2C_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Prime_Minister%2C_Manmohan_Singh_Official_Portrait%2C_2009.jpg/150px-Prime_Minister%2C_Manmohan_Singh_Official_Portrait%2C_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1125" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:#00BFFF;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Manmohan Singh</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Prime Minister of India</span></a></div><div style="color:#71531C;"><div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">(2004–2014)</div></div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Public_image">Public image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honours_received_by_Manmohan_Singh" title="List of awards and honours received by Manmohan Singh">Awards and recognition</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Prime_Minister_of_India">Premiership</a></b> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_general_elections" title="List of Indian general elections">General elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_general_election" title="2004 Indian general election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Indian_general_election" title="2009 Indian general election">2009</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_campaign_for_the_2009_Indian_general_election" title="Indian National Congress campaign for the 2009 Indian general election">Campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Union Council of Ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Manmohan_Singh_ministry" title="First Manmohan Singh ministry">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Manmohan_Singh_ministry" title="Second Manmohan Singh ministry">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rajya_Sabha_members_from_Assam" title="List of Rajya Sabha members from Assam">Membership</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_vote_of_confidence_in_the_Manmohan_Singh_ministry" title="2008 vote of confidence in the Manmohan Singh ministry">Vote of confidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Manmohan_Singh" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Manmohan Singh">International visits</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Budgets</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_budget_of_India" title="Union budget of India">Union budgets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_Union_budget_of_India" title="2009 Union budget of India">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Union_budget_of_India" title="2010 Union budget of India">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Union_budget_of_India" title="2011 Union budget of India">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Union_budget_of_India" title="2012 Union budget of India">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Union_budget_of_India" title="2013 Union budget of India">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Interim-Union_budget_of_India" title="2014 Interim-Union budget of India">2014 (Interim)</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_schemes_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of schemes of the government of India">National policy</a></b></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Legislations</b></div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Rural_Employment_Guarantee_Act,_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005">MGNREGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_Children_to_Free_and_Compulsory_Education_Act,_2009" title="Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009">RTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Information_Act,_2005" title="Right to Information Act, 2005">RTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Fair_Compensation_and_Transparency_in_Land_Acquisition,_Rehabilitation_and_Resettlement_Act,_2013" title="Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013">Land Acquisition Act (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Food_Security_Act,_2013" title="National Food Security Act, 2013">Food Security Act (2013)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Treaties and accords</b></div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_States_Civil_Nuclear_Agreement" title="India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement">Indo-US nuclear deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBSA_Dialogue_Forum" title="IBSA Dialogue Forum">IBSA Dialogue Forum</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Missions and agencies</b></div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Health_Mission" title="National Health Mission">National Health Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Investigation_Agency" title="National Investigation Agency">National Investigation Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Pakistan_gas_pipeline" title="Iran–Pakistan gas pipeline">Iran–Pakistan gas pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aadhaar" title="Aadhaar">Aadhaar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Controversies</b></div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2G_spectrum_case" title="2G spectrum case">2G spectrum case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_coal_allocation_scam" title="Indian coal allocation scam">Indian coal allocation scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerns_and_controversies_over_the_2010_Commonwealth_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Concerns and controversies over the 2010 Commonwealth Games">2010 Commonwealth Games controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement" title="2011 Indian anti-corruption movement">2011 Indian anti-corruption movement</a></li></ul> <hr /> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/40px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/60px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/80px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span> </p> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:_Manmohan_Singh" class="extiw" title="commons:Category: Manmohan Singh"><b>Gallery</b>: Picture, Sound, Video</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Manmohan_Singh_series" title="Template:Manmohan Singh series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manmohan_Singh_series" title="Template talk:Manmohan Singh series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manmohan_Singh_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manmohan Singh series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Manmohan Singh</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Punjabi:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi" title="Help:IPA/Punjabi">[mənˈmoːɦən<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈsɪ́ŋɡ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f2\/Hi-ManmohanSingh.ogg\/Hi-ManmohanSingh.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Hi-ManmohanSingh.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f2/Hi-ManmohanSingh.ogg/Hi-ManmohanSingh.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Hi-ManmohanSingh.ogg" title="File:Hi-ManmohanSingh.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; born 26 September 1932) is an Indian politician, economist, academician and bureaucrat who served as the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> from 2004 to 2014. He is the fourth longest-serving prime minister after <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>, Singh was the first <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> prime minister of India. He was also the first prime minister since <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> to be re-elected after completing a full five-year term.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Gah,_Pakistan" title="Gah, Pakistan">Gah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab (region)">West Punjab</a>, in what is today <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, Singh's family migrated to India during <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">its partition</a> in 1947. After obtaining his doctorate in economics from <a href="/wiki/Nuffield_College,_Oxford" title="Nuffield College, Oxford">Oxford</a>, Singh worked for the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> during 1966–1969. He subsequently began his bureaucratic career when <a href="/wiki/Lalit_Narayan_Mishra" title="Lalit Narayan Mishra">Lalit Narayan Mishra</a> hired him as an advisor in the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)">Ministry of Commerce and Industry</a>. During the 1970s and 1980s, Singh held several key posts in the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Chief_Economic_Advisor_to_the_Government_of_India" title="Chief Economic Advisor to the Government of India">Chief Economic Advisor</a> (1972–1976), governor of the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank</a> (1982–1985) and head of the <a href="/wiki/Planning_Commission_(India)" title="Planning Commission (India)">Planning Commission</a> (1985–1987). </p><p>In 1991, as India faced a <a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_economic_crisis" title="1991 Indian economic crisis">severe economic crisis</a>, the newly elected prime minister, <a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a>, inducted the apolitical Singh into his cabinet as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">finance minister</a>. Over the next few years, despite strong opposition, he carried out several structural reforms that <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">liberalised India's economy</a>. Although these measures proved successful in averting the crisis, and enhanced Singh's reputation globally as a leading reform-minded economist, the incumbent Congress Party fared poorly in the <a href="/wiki/1996_Indian_general_election" title="1996 Indian general election">1996 general election</a>. Subsequently, Singh was <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(India)" title="Leader of the Opposition (India)">leader of the opposition</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> (the upper house of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a>) during the <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> government of 1998–2004. </p><p>In 2004, when the Congress-led <a href="/wiki/United_Progressive_Alliance" title="United Progressive Alliance">United Progressive Alliance</a> came to power, its chairperson <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Gandhi" title="Sonia Gandhi">Sonia Gandhi</a> unexpectedly relinquished the prime ministership to Singh. His <a href="/wiki/First_Manmohan_Singh_ministry" title="First Manmohan Singh ministry">first ministry</a> executed several key legislations and projects, including the <a href="/wiki/National_Rural_Health_Mission" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rural Health Mission">National Rural Health Mission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unique_Identification_Authority_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Unique Identification Authority of India">Unique Identification Authority</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_National_Rural_Employment_Guarantee_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act">Rural Employment Guarantee</a> scheme and <a href="/wiki/Right_to_Information_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to Information Act">Right to Information Act</a>. In 2008, <a href="/wiki/2008_vote_of_confidence_in_the_Manmohan_Singh_ministry" title="2008 vote of confidence in the Manmohan Singh ministry">opposition</a> to a historic <a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93India_Civil_Nuclear_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.–India Civil Nuclear Agreement">civil nuclear agreement with the United States</a> nearly caused Singh's government to fall after <a href="/wiki/Left_Front_(West_Bengal)" title="Left Front (West Bengal)">Left Front</a> parties withdrew their support. India's economy grew rapidly under his reign. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2009_Indian_general_election" title="2009 Indian general election">2009 general election</a> saw the UPA return with an increased mandate, with Singh retaining the office of prime minister. Over the next few years, Singh's <a href="/wiki/Second_Manmohan_Singh_ministry" title="Second Manmohan Singh ministry">second ministry</a> government faced a number of corruption charges over the organisation of the <a href="/wiki/2010_Commonwealth_Games" title="2010 Commonwealth Games">2010 Commonwealth Games</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2G_spectrum_allocation_case" class="mw-redirect" title="2G spectrum allocation case">2G spectrum allocation case</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_coal_allocation_scam" title="Indian coal allocation scam">allocation of coal blocks</a>. After his term ended in 2014 he opted out from the race for the office of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">PM</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014 Indian general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh was never a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">member of the Lok Sabha</a> but served as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>, representing the state of <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> from 1991 to 2019 and <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> from 2019 to 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2></div> <p>Singh was born to Gurmukh Singh and Amrit Kaur on 26 September 1932, in <a href="/wiki/Gah,_Pakistan" title="Gah, Pakistan">Gah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(British_India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab (British India)">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> (now in <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab, Pakistan</a>), into a <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> family.<sup id="cite_ref-dr_mms_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dr_mms-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother died when he was very young.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His paternal grandmother raised him, and he was very close to her.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His early schooling was in the <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> medium, and even as prime minister years later, he wrote his apparently <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> speeches in the <a href="/wiki/Urdu_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu script">Urdu script</a>, although sometimes he would also use <a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a>, a script used to write <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>, his mother tongue. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a>, his family migrated to <a href="/wiki/Haldwani" title="Haldwani">Haldwani</a>, India.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1948 they relocated to <a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a>, where he studied at Hindu College, Amritsar.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended <a href="/wiki/Panjab_University" title="Panjab University">Panjab University</a>, then in <a href="/wiki/Hoshiarpur" title="Hoshiarpur">Hoshiarpur</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Punjab, studying Economics and got his bachelor's and master's degrees in 1952 and 1954, respectively, standing first throughout his academic career. He completed his Economics Tripos at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> in 1957. He was a member of <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St John's College, Cambridge">St John's College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CSIR_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSIR-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2005 interview with the British journalist <a href="/wiki/Mark_Tully" title="Mark Tully">Mark Tully</a>, Singh said about his Cambridge days: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I first became conscious of the creative role of politics in shaping human affairs, and I owe that mostly to my teachers <a href="/wiki/Joan_Robinson" title="Joan Robinson">Joan Robinson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Kaldor" title="Nicholas Kaldor">Nicholas Kaldor</a>. Joan Robinson was a brilliant teacher, but she also sought to awaken the inner conscience of her students in a manner that very few others were able to achieve. She questioned me a great deal and made me think the unthinkable. She propounded the left wing interpretation of Keynes, maintaining that the state has to play more of a role if you really want to combine development with social equity. Kaldor influenced me even more; I found him pragmatic, scintillating, stimulating. Joan Robinson was a great admirer of what was going on in China, but Kaldor used the Keynesian analysis to demonstrate that capitalism could be made to work.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Singh_and_Smt._Kaur_in_New_Delhi_on_October_15,_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Prime_Minister_Singh_and_Smt._Kaur_in_New_Delhi_on_October_15%2C_2010.jpg/221px-Prime_Minister_Singh_and_Smt._Kaur_in_New_Delhi_on_October_15%2C_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="221" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Prime_Minister_Singh_and_Smt._Kaur_in_New_Delhi_on_October_15%2C_2010.jpg/332px-Prime_Minister_Singh_and_Smt._Kaur_in_New_Delhi_on_October_15%2C_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Prime_Minister_Singh_and_Smt._Kaur_in_New_Delhi_on_October_15%2C_2010.jpg/442px-Prime_Minister_Singh_and_Smt._Kaur_in_New_Delhi_on_October_15%2C_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="791" /></a><figcaption>Prime Minister Singh and his wife <a href="/wiki/Gursharan_Kaur" title="Gursharan Kaur">Gursharan Kaur</a> in 2010</figcaption></figure><p>After Cambridge, Singh returned to India and served as a teacher at <a href="/wiki/Panjab_University" title="Panjab University">Panjab University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TULLY_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TULLY-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1960, he went to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> for his <a href="/wiki/DPhil" class="mw-redirect" title="DPhil">DPhil</a>, where he was a member of <a href="/wiki/Nuffield_College,_Oxford" title="Nuffield College, Oxford">Nuffield College</a>. His 1962 doctoral thesis under the supervision of <a href="/wiki/Ian_Little_(economist)" title="Ian Little (economist)">I.M.D. Little</a> was titled "India's export performance, 1951–1960, export prospects and policy implications", and was later the basis for his book "India's Export Trends and Prospects for Self-Sustained Growth".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2></div> <p>After completing his D.Phil., Singh returned to India. He was a senior lecturer of economics at <a href="/wiki/Panjab_University" title="Panjab University">Panjab University</a> from 1957 to 1959. During 1959 and 1963, he served as a <a href="/wiki/Reader_(academic_rank)" title="Reader (academic rank)">reader</a> in economics at Panjab University, and from 1963 to 1965, he was an economics professor there.<sup id="cite_ref-Bhushan_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhushan-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then he went to work for the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</a> (UNCTAD) from 1966 to 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-CSIR_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSIR-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, he was appointed as an advisor to the Ministry of Foreign Trade by <a href="/wiki/Lalit_Narayan_Mishra" title="Lalit Narayan Mishra">Lalit Narayan Mishra</a>, in recognition of Singh's talent as an economist.<sup id="cite_ref-Advisor_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Advisor-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1969 to 1971, Singh was a professor of international trade at the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_School_of_Economics" title="Delhi School of Economics">Delhi School of Economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Delhi">University of Delhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CSIR_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSIR-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1972, Singh was chief economic adviser in the Ministry of Finance, and in 1976 he was secretary in the Finance Ministry.<sup id="cite_ref-CSIR_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSIR-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1980–1982 he was at the Planning Commission, and in 1982, he was appointed governor of the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> under then finance minister <a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a> and held the post until 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-CSIR_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSIR-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He went on to become the deputy chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Planning_Commission_(India)" title="Planning Commission (India)">Planning Commission (India)</a> from 1985 to 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-dr_mms_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dr_mms-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following his tenure at the Planning Commission, he was secretary general of the <a href="/wiki/South_Centre_(organization)" title="South Centre (organization)">South Commission</a>, an independent economic policy think tank headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland from 1987 to November 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-India_–_Head_of_Government_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-India_–_Head_of_Government-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Singh returned to India from Geneva in November 1990 and held the post as the advisor to Prime Minister of India on economic affairs during the tenure of <a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CSIR_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSIR-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1991, he became chairman of the <a href="/wiki/University_Grants_Commission_(India)" title="University Grants Commission (India)">University Grants Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CSIR_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSIR-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2></div> <p>In June 1991, India's prime minister at the time, <a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a>, chose Singh to be his finance minister. Singh told <a href="/wiki/Mark_Tully" title="Mark Tully">Mark Tully</a> a British journalist in 2005: </p> <blockquote><p>"On the day (Rao) was formulating his cabinet, he sent his Principal Secretary to me saying, 'The PM would like you to become the Minister of Finance'. I didn't take it seriously. He eventually tracked me down the next morning, rather angry, and demanded that I get dressed up and come to Rashtrapati Bhavan for the swearing in. So that's how I started in politics".<sup id="cite_ref-TULLY_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TULLY-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minister_of_Finance">Minister of Finance</h3></div> <p>In 1991, India's fiscal deficit was close to 8.5 per cent of the gross domestic product, the <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_payments" title="Balance of payments">balance of payments</a> deficit was huge and the <a href="/wiki/Current_account_deficit" class="mw-redirect" title="Current account deficit">current account deficit</a> was close to 3.5 per cent of India's GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-rediff_Business_Desk_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rediff_Business_Desk-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India's foreign reserves barely amounted to US$1 billion, enough to pay for 2 weeks of imports,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in comparison to US$600 billion in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Evidently, India was facing an economic crisis. At this point, the government of India sought funds from the supranational <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>, which, while assisting India financially, imposed several conditions regarding India's economic policy. In effect, IMF-dictated policy meant that the ubiquitous <a href="/wiki/Licence_Raj" title="Licence Raj">Licence Raj</a> had to be dismantled, and India's attempt at a state-controlled economy had to end. </p><p>Singh explained to the PM and the party that India is facing an unprecedented crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the rank and file of the party resisted deregulation.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So <a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a> and Singh explained to the party that the economy would collapse if it was not deregulated.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the dismay of the party, Rao allowed Singh to deregulate the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">Indian economy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequently, Singh, who had thus far been one of the most influential architects of India's socialist economy, eliminated the permit raj,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reduced state control of the economy, and reduced import taxes<sup id="cite_ref-rediff_Business_Desk_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rediff_Business_Desk-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rao and Singh thus implemented policies to open up the economy and change India's socialist economy to a more <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalistic</a> one, in the process dismantling the License Raj, a system that inhibited the prosperity of private businesses. They removed many obstacles standing in the way of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Direct_Investment" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Direct Investment">Foreign Direct Investment</a> (FDI) and initiated the process of the privatisation of <a href="/wiki/Public_sector" title="Public sector">public sector</a> companies. However, in spite of these reforms, Rao's government was voted out in 1996 due to non-performance of government in other areas. In praise of Singh's work that pushed India towards a market economy, long-time Cabinet minister <a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a> has compared Singh's role in India's reforms to <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a>'s in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1993, Singh offered his resignation from the post of Finance Minister after a parliamentary investigation report criticised his ministry for not being able to anticipate a US$1.8 billion <a href="/wiki/1992_Indian_stock_market_scam" title="1992 Indian stock market scam">1992 securities scandal</a>. Prime Minister Rao refused Singh's resignation, instead promising to punish the individuals directly accused in the report.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leader_of_Opposition_in_Rajya_Sabha">Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha</h3></div> <p>Singh was first elected to the upper house of Parliament, the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>, in 1991<sup id="cite_ref-MSRj01_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSRj01-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha#Membership" title="Rajya Sabha">by the legislature</a> of the state of Assam, and was re-elected in 1995, 2001, 2007<sup id="cite_ref-dr_mms_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dr_mms-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1998 to 2004, while the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> was in power, Singh was the Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha. In 1999, he contested for the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> from <a href="/wiki/South_Delhi_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)">South Delhi</a> but was unable to win the seat.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prime_minister">Prime minister</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/80px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikinews has related news: <div><ul><li><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh_becomes_the_third_longest_serving_Prime_Minister_of_India" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Manmohan Singh becomes the third longest serving Prime Minister of India"> Manmohan Singh becomes the third longest serving Prime Minister of India</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_term:_2004–2009"><span id="First_term:_2004.E2.80.932009"></span>First term: 2004–2009</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/First_Manmohan_Singh_ministry" title="First Manmohan Singh ministry">First Manmohan Singh ministry</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_President_Dr._A.P.J_Abdul_Kalam_authorizing_the_Prime_Minister_designate_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_to_form_the_next_Government_in_New_Delhi_on_May_19,_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/The_President_Dr._A.P.J_Abdul_Kalam_authorizing_the_Prime_Minister_designate_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_to_form_the_next_Government_in_New_Delhi_on_May_19%2C_2004.jpg/250px-The_President_Dr._A.P.J_Abdul_Kalam_authorizing_the_Prime_Minister_designate_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_to_form_the_next_Government_in_New_Delhi_on_May_19%2C_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/The_President_Dr._A.P.J_Abdul_Kalam_authorizing_the_Prime_Minister_designate_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_to_form_the_next_Government_in_New_Delhi_on_May_19%2C_2004.jpg/375px-The_President_Dr._A.P.J_Abdul_Kalam_authorizing_the_Prime_Minister_designate_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_to_form_the_next_Government_in_New_Delhi_on_May_19%2C_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/The_President_Dr._A.P.J_Abdul_Kalam_authorizing_the_Prime_Minister_designate_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_to_form_the_next_Government_in_New_Delhi_on_May_19%2C_2004.jpg/500px-The_President_Dr._A.P.J_Abdul_Kalam_authorizing_the_Prime_Minister_designate_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_to_form_the_next_Government_in_New_Delhi_on_May_19%2C_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="643" /></a><figcaption>11th <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> <a href="/wiki/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam" title="A. P. J. Abdul Kalam">A. P. J. Abdul Kalam</a> authorising the Prime Minister designate Manmohan Singh to form the next Government in New Delhi on 19 May 2004</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_general_election" title="2004 Indian general election">2004 general elections</a>, the Indian National Congress ended the incumbent <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Democratic Alliance (India)">National Democratic Alliance</a> (NDA) tenure by becoming the political party with the single largest number of seats in the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>. It formed <a href="/wiki/United_Progressive_Alliance" title="United Progressive Alliance">United Progressive Alliance</a> (UPA) with allies and staked claim to form government. In a surprise move, Chairperson <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Gandhi" title="Sonia Gandhi">Sonia Gandhi</a> declared Manmohan Singh, a <a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">technocrat</a>, as the UPA candidate for the prime ministership. Despite the fact that Singh had never won a direct popular election, according to the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, he "enjoyed massive popular support, not least because he was seen by many as a clean politician untouched by the taint of corruption that has run through many Indian administrations."<sup id="cite_ref-bbcprofile_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcprofile-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He took the oath as the Prime Minister of India on 22 May 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Economic_policy">Economic policy</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Tamil_Film_Star_Shri_Vijay_receives_the_first_stamp_album_of_the_special_postage_stamp_on_%E2%80%98Pongal%E2%80%99_released_by_the_Prime_Minister,_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_at_a_function,_in_New_Delhi_on_January_12,_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/The_Tamil_Film_Star_Shri_Vijay_receives_the_first_stamp_album_of_the_special_postage_stamp_on_%E2%80%98Pongal%E2%80%99_released_by_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_at_a_function%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_12%2C_2006.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/The_Tamil_Film_Star_Shri_Vijay_receives_the_first_stamp_album_of_the_special_postage_stamp_on_%E2%80%98Pongal%E2%80%99_released_by_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_at_a_function%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_12%2C_2006.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/The_Tamil_Film_Star_Shri_Vijay_receives_the_first_stamp_album_of_the_special_postage_stamp_on_%E2%80%98Pongal%E2%80%99_released_by_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_at_a_function%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_12%2C_2006.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1381" /></a><figcaption>Prime Minister Manmohan Singh releases the postage stamp along with <a href="/wiki/Vijay_(actor)" title="Vijay (actor)">Vijay</a> in New Delhi in 2006.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1991, Singh, as Finance Minister, abolished the <a href="/wiki/Licence_Raj" title="Licence Raj">Licence Raj</a>, source of slow economic growth and <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_India" title="Corruption in India">corruption in the Indian economy</a> for decades. He liberalised the Indian economy, allowing it to speed up development dramatically. During his term as prime minister, Singh continued to encourage growth in the Indian market, enjoying widespread success in these matters. Singh, along with his finance minister, <a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a>, presided over a period where the Indian economy grew with an 8–9% economic growth rate. In 2007, India achieved its highest GDP growth rate of 9% and became the second <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_real_GDP_growth_rate" title="List of countries by real GDP growth rate">fastest growing major economy</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-astaire_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-astaire-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh's ministry enacted a <a href="/wiki/National_Rural_Employment_Guarantee_Act,_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005">National Employment Guarantee Act</a> (MGNREGA) in 2005. </p><p>Singh's government continued the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Quadrilateral" title="Golden Quadrilateral">Golden Quadrilateral</a> and the highway modernisation program that was initiated by <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Vajpayee</a>'s government.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh also worked on reforming the banking and financial sectors, as well as public sector companies.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Finance ministry worked towards relieving farmers of their debt and worked towards pro-industry policies.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, Singh's government introduced the <a href="/wiki/Value_added_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Value added tax">value added tax</a>, replacing <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">sales tax</a>. In 2007 and early 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Economic_crisis_of_2008#Inflation" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic crisis of 2008">global problem of inflation</a> impacted India.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Healthcare_and_education">Healthcare and education</h4></div> <p>In 2005, Prime Minister Singh and his government's health ministry started the <a href="/wiki/National_Rural_Health_Mission" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rural Health Mission">National Rural Health Mission</a> (NHRM), which mobilised half a million community health workers. This rural health initiative was praised by the American economist <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Sachs" title="Jeffrey Sachs">Jeffrey Sachs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-timepoverty_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timepoverty-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, his Government implemented the proposal to reserve 27% of seats in All India Institute of Medical Studies (AIIMS), Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) and other central institutions of higher education for Other Backward Classes which led to <a href="/wiki/2006_Indian_anti-reservation_protests" title="2006 Indian anti-reservation protests">2006 Indian anti-reservation protests</a>. </p><p>On 2 July 2009, Singh ministry introduced the <a href="/wiki/Right_of_Children_to_Free_and_Compulsory_Education_Act,_2009" title="Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009">Right to Education Act</a> (RTE) act. Eight <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institutes_of_Technology" title="Indian Institutes of Technology">IIT's</a> were opened in the states of <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, Bihar, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, Orissa, <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a>, Madhya Pradesh, <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Singh government also continued the <a href="/wiki/Sarva_Shiksha_Abhiyan" title="Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan">Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan</a> program. The program includes the introduction and improvement of mid-day meals and the opening of schools all over India, especially in rural areas, to fight <a href="/wiki/Illiteracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Illiteracy">illiteracy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Security_and_Home_Affairs">Security and Home Affairs</h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style> <p>Singh's government strengthened anti-terror laws with amendments to <a href="/wiki/Unlawful_Activities_(Prevention)_Act" title="Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act">Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act</a> (UAPA). <a href="/wiki/National_Investigation_Agency_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Investigation Agency (India)">National Investigation Agency</a> (NIA) was also created soon after the <a href="/wiki/2008_Mumbai_attacks" title="2008 Mumbai attacks">2008 Mumbai terror attacks</a>, as need for a central agency to combat terrorism was realised. Also, <a href="/wiki/Unique_Identification_Authority_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Unique Identification Authority of India">Unique Identification Authority of India</a> was established in February 2009, an agency responsible for implementing the envisioned <a href="/wiki/Multipurpose_National_Identity_Card" class="mw-redirect" title="Multipurpose National Identity Card">Multipurpose National Identity Card</a> with the objective of increasing national security and facilitating e-governance. </p><p>Singh's administration initiated a massive reconstruction effort in <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> to stabilise the region but after some period of success, insurgent infiltration and terrorism in Kashmir has increased since 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Buzz7_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buzz7-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Singh administration was, however, successful in reducing terrorism in Northeast India.<sup id="cite_ref-Buzz7_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buzz7-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notable_legislation">Notable legislation</h4></div> <p>The important <a href="/wiki/National_Rural_Employment_Guarantee_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rural Employment Guarantee Act">National Rural Employment Guarantee Act</a> (NREGA) and the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_Information_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to Information Act">Right to Information Act</a> were passed by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a> in 2005 during his tenure. While the effectiveness of the NREGA has been successful at various degrees, in various regions, the RTI act has proved crucial in India's fight against corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New cash benefits were also introduced for widows, pregnant women, and landless persons.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Right_to_Fair_Compensation_and_Transparency_in_Land_Acquisition,_Rehabilitation_and_Resettlement_Act,_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013">The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013</a> was passed on 29 August 2013 in the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> (lower house of the Indian parliament) and on 4 September 2013 in <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> (upper house of the Indian parliament). The bill received the assent of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a> on 27 September 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-ndtv1_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ndtv1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Act came into force from 1 January 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Right_of_Children_to_Free_and_Compulsory_Education_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act">Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act</a> was enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 in India under Article 21A of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Constitution">Indian Constitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India became one of 135 countries to make <a href="/wiki/Right_to_education" title="Right to education">education a fundamental right</a> of every child when the act came into force on 1 April 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Manmohan_Singh" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Manmohan Singh">List of international prime ministerial trips made by Manmohan Singh</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Barack_Obama_with_Prime_Minister_Manmohan_Singh_2009-11-24(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Manmohan Singh with American President Barack Obama at the White House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Barack_Obama_with_Prime_Minister_Manmohan_Singh_2009-11-24%282%29.jpg/200px-President_Barack_Obama_with_Prime_Minister_Manmohan_Singh_2009-11-24%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Barack_Obama_with_Prime_Minister_Manmohan_Singh_2009-11-24%282%29.jpg/300px-President_Barack_Obama_with_Prime_Minister_Manmohan_Singh_2009-11-24%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Barack_Obama_with_Prime_Minister_Manmohan_Singh_2009-11-24%282%29.jpg/400px-President_Barack_Obama_with_Prime_Minister_Manmohan_Singh_2009-11-24%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister,_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_with_the_American_President,_Mr._George_W._Bush_interacting_with_media_at_oval_office,_in_Washington_DC,_during_his_visit_to_the_United_States,_on_September_25,_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh with the American President, Mr. George W. Bush interacting with media at oval office, in Washington DC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_with_the_American_President%2C_Mr._George_W._Bush_interacting_with_media_at_oval_office%2C_in_Washington_DC%2C_during_his_visit_to_the_United_States%2C_on_September_25%2C_2008.jpg/200px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_with_the_American_President%2C_Mr._George_W._Bush_interacting_with_media_at_oval_office%2C_in_Washington_DC%2C_during_his_visit_to_the_United_States%2C_on_September_25%2C_2008.jpg/300px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_with_the_American_President%2C_Mr._George_W._Bush_interacting_with_media_at_oval_office%2C_in_Washington_DC%2C_during_his_visit_to_the_United_States%2C_on_September_25%2C_2008.jpg/400px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1281" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Manmohan Singh with American President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Manmohan Singh continued the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_India" title="Foreign relations of India">pragmatic foreign policy</a> that was started by <a href="/wiki/P.V._Narasimha_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="P.V. Narasimha Rao">P.V. Narasimha Rao</a> and continued by <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>. Singh continued the <a href="/wiki/India-Pakistan_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="India-Pakistan relations">peace process with Pakistan</a> initiated by his predecessor, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Exchange of high-level visits by top leaders from both countries have highlighted his tenure. Efforts have been made during Singh's tenure to end the border dispute with <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a>. In November 2006, Chinese President <a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a> visited India which was followed by Singh's visit to Beijing in January 2008. A major development in <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Indian relations">Sino-Indian relations</a> was the reopening of the <a href="/wiki/Nathula_Pass" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathula Pass">Nathula Pass</a> in 2006 after being closed for more than four decades.<sup id="cite_ref-state_visit_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-state_visit-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of the People's Republic of China">Premier of the State Council</a> of the People's Republic of China, <a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a> paid a state visit to India (Delhi-<a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>) from 19 to 21 May 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-state_visit_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-state_visit-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh paid an official visit to China from 22 to 24 October 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-state_visit_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-state_visit-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three agreements were signed establishing <a href="/wiki/Sister_Cities_International" title="Sister Cities International">sister-city partnership</a> between Delhi-<a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, Kolkata-<a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a> and Bangalore-<a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>. As of 2010, the People's Republic of China was the second biggest trade partner of India.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/India-Afghanistan_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="India-Afghanistan relations">Relations with Afghanistan</a> have improved considerably, with India now becoming the largest regional donor to Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During Afghan President <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Karzai" title="Hamid Karzai">Hamid Karzai</a>'s visit to New Delhi in August 2008, Manmohan Singh increased the aid package to Afghanistan for the development of more schools, health clinics, infrastructure, and defence.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC2_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC2-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the leadership of Singh, India emerged as one of the single largest aid donors to Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC2_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC2-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister,_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_meeting_the_President_of_Egypt,_Mr._Hosni_Mubarak_on_the_sideline_of_the_15th_NAM_Summit,_at_Sharm_El_Sheikh,_Egypt,_on_July_16,_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The_Prime_Minister,_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_meeting_the_President_of_Egypt,_Mr._Hosni_Mubarak_on_the_sideline_of_the_15th_NAM_Summit,_at_Sharm_El_Sheikh,_Egypt,_on_July_16,_2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_meeting_the_President_of_Egypt%2C_Mr._Hosni_Mubarak_on_the_sideline_of_the_15th_NAM_Summit%2C_at_Sharm_El_Sheikh%2C_Egypt%2C_on_July_16%2C_2009.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_meeting_the_President_of_Egypt%2C_Mr._Hosni_Mubarak_on_the_sideline_of_the_15th_NAM_Summit%2C_at_Sharm_El_Sheikh%2C_Egypt%2C_on_July_16%2C_2009.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_meeting_the_President_of_Egypt%2C_Mr._Hosni_Mubarak_on_the_sideline_of_the_15th_NAM_Summit%2C_at_Sharm_El_Sheikh%2C_Egypt%2C_on_July_16%2C_2009.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1445" /></a><figcaption>Singh with Egyptian President <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a> on the sideline of the <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">15th NAM Summit</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh" title="Sharm El Sheikh">Sharm El Sheikh</a>, Egypt, July 2009</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dmitry_Medvedev_in_China_14_April_2011-2.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_China_14_April_2011-2.jpeg/220px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_China_14_April_2011-2.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_China_14_April_2011-2.jpeg/330px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_China_14_April_2011-2.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_China_14_April_2011-2.jpeg/440px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_China_14_April_2011-2.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>Prime Minister Manmohan Singh with <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dilma_Rousseff" title="Dilma Rousseff">Dilma Rousseff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2011_BRICS_summit" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 BRICS summit">2011 BRICS summit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a>, China</figcaption></figure> <p>Singh's government worked towards stronger <a href="/wiki/India-US_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="India-US relations">ties with the United States</a>. He visited the United States in July 2005 initiating negotiations over the <a href="/wiki/Indo-US_civilian_nuclear_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement">Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement</a>. This was followed by <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>'s successful visit to India in March 2006, during which the declaration over the nuclear agreement was made, giving India access to American nuclear fuel and technology while India will have to allow <a href="/wiki/IAEA" class="mw-redirect" title="IAEA">IAEA</a> inspection of its civil <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactors</a>. After more than two years for more negotiations, followed by approval from the IAEA, <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Suppliers_Group" title="Nuclear Suppliers Group">Nuclear Suppliers Group</a> and the <a href="/wiki/US_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="US Congress">US Congress</a>, India and the US signed the agreement on 10 October 2008 with <a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a> representing India.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh had the first official state visit to the White House during the administration of US President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>. The visit took place in November 2009, and several discussions took place, including on trade and nuclear power.<sup id="cite_ref-CSIS_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSIS-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Relations have improved with Japan and <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> countries, like the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. Relations with Iran have continued and negotiations over the <a href="/wiki/Iran-Pakistan-India_gas_pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline">Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline</a> have taken place. New Delhi hosted an India–Africa Summit in April 2006 which was attended by the leaders of 15 African states.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Relations have improved with other developing countries, particularly Brazil and South Africa. Singh carried forward the momentum which was established after the "Brasilia Declaration" in 2003 and the <a href="/wiki/IBSA_Dialogue_Forum" title="IBSA Dialogue Forum">IBSA Dialogue Forum</a> was formed.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Singh's government has also been especially keen on <a href="/wiki/India-Israel_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="India-Israel relations">expanding ties with Israel</a>. Since 2003, the two countries have made significant investments in each other<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Israel now rivals Russia to become India's largest defence partner.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though there have been a few diplomatic glitches between India and Russia, especially over the delay and price hike of several Russian weapons to be delivered to India,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> relations between the two remained strong with India and Russia signing various agreements to increase defence, nuclear energy and space co-operation.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_term:_2009–2014"><span id="Second_term:_2009.E2.80.932014"></span>Second term: 2009–2014</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Second_Manmohan_Singh_ministry" title="Second Manmohan Singh ministry">Second Manmohan Singh ministry</a></div> <p>India held general <a href="/wiki/2009_Indian_general_election" title="2009 Indian general election">elections to the 15th Lok Sabha</a> in five phases between 16 April 2009 and 13 May 2009. The results of the election were announced on 16 May 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strong showing in <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> helped the <a href="/wiki/United_Progressive_Alliance" title="United Progressive Alliance">United Progressive Alliance</a> (UPA) form the new government under the incumbent Singh, who became the first prime minister since <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> in <a href="/wiki/1962_Indian_general_election" title="1962 Indian general election">1962</a> to win re-election after completing a full five-year term.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Congress and its allies were able to put together a comfortable majority with support from 322 members out of 543 members of the House. These included those of the UPA and the external support from the <a href="/wiki/Bahujan_Samaj_Party" title="Bahujan Samaj Party">Bahujan Samaj Party</a> (BSP), <a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Party" title="Samajwadi Party">Samajwadi Party</a> (SP), <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Secular)" title="Janata Dal (Secular)">Janata Dal (Secular)</a> (JD(S)), <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Janata_Dal" title="Rashtriya Janata Dal">Rashtriya Janata Dal</a> (RJD) and other minor parties.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 22 May 2009, Manmohan Singh was sworn in as the prime minister during a ceremony held at <a href="/wiki/Rashtrapati_Bhavan" title="Rashtrapati Bhavan">Rashtrapati Bhavan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2009 Indian general election was the then largest democratic election in the world held prior to 2014 (834 million), 2019 (912 million) and 2024 (968 million), with an eligible electorate of 714 million. </p><p>The 2012 report filed by the CAG in Parliament of India states that due to the allocation of coal blocks to certain private companies without bidding process the nation suffered an estimated loss of Rs 1.85 trillion (<a href="/wiki/Long_and_short_scales" title="Long and short scales">short scale</a>) between 2005 and 2009 in which Manmohan Singh was the coal minister of India.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Manmohan Singh declined to appear before a <a href="/wiki/Joint_parliamentary_committee" title="Joint parliamentary committee">Joint Parliamentary Committee</a> (JPC) in April 2013 when called upon by one of the members of JPC <a href="/wiki/Yashwant_Sinha" title="Yashwant Sinha">Yashwant Sinha</a> for his alleged involvement in the 2G case.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-premiership_(2014–present)"><span id="Post-premiership_.282014.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Post-premiership (2014–present)</h2></div> <p>Singh's premiership officially ended at noon on 17 May 2014. He did not contest the <a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014 general election</a> for the 16th Lok Sabha as the prime ministerial candidate. He resigned his post as prime minister after the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a>-led <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">National Democratic Alliance</a> won the election. He served as the acting prime minister till 26 May 2014, when <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> was sworn in as the new prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh, along with Congress president <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Gandhi" title="Sonia Gandhi">Sonia Gandhi</a>, former Presidents <a href="/wiki/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam" title="A. P. J. Abdul Kalam">A. P. J. Abdul Kalam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pratibha_Patil" title="Pratibha Patil">Pratibha Patil</a>, and Vice-President <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Ansari" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamid Ansari">Hamid Ansari</a> attended Modi's <a href="/wiki/First_swearing-in_ceremony_of_Narendra_Modi" class="mw-redirect" title="First swearing-in ceremony of Narendra Modi">swearing-in ceremony</a>. Later, Singh shifted to 3 Motilal Nehru Road, New Delhi. </p><p>In 2016, it was announced that Singh was to take up a position at <a href="/wiki/Panjab_University" title="Panjab University">Panjab University</a> as the Jawaharlal Nehru Chair, which he eventually did not.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh retired from the Rajya Sabha in April 2024 and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Gandhi" title="Sonia Gandhi">Sonia Gandhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_image">Public image</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_meeting_with_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_winner_Dr._Mohammed_Yunus,_in_New_Delhi_on_January_30,_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Manmohan Singh and Muhammad Yunus meet in India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/The_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_meeting_with_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_winner_Dr._Mohammed_Yunus%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_30%2C_2007.jpg/250px-The_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_meeting_with_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_winner_Dr._Mohammed_Yunus%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_30%2C_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/The_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_meeting_with_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_winner_Dr._Mohammed_Yunus%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_30%2C_2007.jpg/375px-The_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_meeting_with_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_winner_Dr._Mohammed_Yunus%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_30%2C_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/The_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_meeting_with_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_winner_Dr._Mohammed_Yunus%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_30%2C_2007.jpg/500px-The_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_meeting_with_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_winner_Dr._Mohammed_Yunus%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_30%2C_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1361" /></a><figcaption> Singh meeting with <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> winner <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a></figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i> described Singh as "one of the world's most revered leaders" and "a man of uncommon decency and grace", noting that he drives a <a href="/wiki/Maruti_800" title="Maruti 800">Maruti 800</a>, one of the humblest cars in the Indian market. <a href="/wiki/Khushwant_Singh" title="Khushwant Singh">Khushwant Singh</a> lauded Singh as the best prime minister India has had, even rating him higher than <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>. He mentions an incident in his book <i>Absolute Khushwant: The Low-Down on Life, Death and Most things In-between</i> where after losing the 1999 Lok Sabha elections, Singh immediately returned the <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>2 lakh</span> (US$2,400) he had borrowed from the writer for hiring taxis. Terming him as the best example of integrity, Khushwant Singh stated, "When people talk of integrity, I say the best example is the man who occupies the country's highest office."<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek"><i>Newsweek</i> magazine</a> recognised him as a world leader who is respected by other heads of state, describing him as "the leader other leaders love." The article quoted <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a>, who remarked that Singh is "the model of what a political leader should be."<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh also received the World Statesman Award in 2010. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> described Singh as "a statesman with vision, persistence and integrity", and praised him for his "leadership, which has been instrumental in the economic transformation underway in India."<sup id="cite_ref-worldstatesmanaward_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldstatesmanaward-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Singh was ranked 18 on the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Forbes_list_of_the_World%27s_Most_Powerful_People" title="Forbes list of the World's Most Powerful People">Forbes list of the World's Most Powerful People</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> magazine described Singh as being "universally praised as India's best prime minister since Nehru".<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Australian journalist <a href="/wiki/Greg_Sheridan" title="Greg Sheridan">Greg Sheridan</a> praised Singh "as one of the greatest statesmen in Asian history."<sup id="cite_ref-TA_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TA-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh was later ranked 19 and 28 in 2012 and 2013 in the Forbes list.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time (magazine)</a> described Singh as "guiding India into the ranks of the great powers".<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamps_of_Uzbekistan,_2006-055.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Postal stamp to honour Manmohan Singh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Stamps_of_Uzbekistan%2C_2006-055.jpg/220px-Stamps_of_Uzbekistan%2C_2006-055.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Stamps_of_Uzbekistan%2C_2006-055.jpg/330px-Stamps_of_Uzbekistan%2C_2006-055.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Stamps_of_Uzbekistan%2C_2006-055.jpg/440px-Stamps_of_Uzbekistan%2C_2006-055.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="445" /></a><figcaption> Stamp launched in <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> in honour of Manmohan Singh in 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>Conversely, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine's Asia edition for 10–17 July 2012, on its cover remarked that Singh was an "underachiever".<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It stated that Singh appears "unwilling to stick his neck out" on reforms that will put the country back onto a growth path. Congress spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Manish_Tewari" title="Manish Tewari">Manish Tewari</a> rebutted the charges. UPA ally <a href="/wiki/Lalu_Prasad_Yadav" title="Lalu Prasad Yadav">Lalu Prasad Yadav</a> took issue with the magazine's statements. Praising the government, Prasad said UPA projects [were] doing well and asked, "What will America say as their own economy is shattered?".<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, Singh faced negative reception following the <a href="/wiki/2008_Mumbai_attacks" title="2008 Mumbai attacks">2008 Mumbai attacks</a> for falling short on enhancing national security. <sup id="cite_ref-Demarche_to_Pakistan_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demarche_to_Pakistan-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Political opponents, including BJP co-founder <a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a>, have claimed that Singh is a "weak" prime minister. Advani declared "He is weak. What do I call a person who can't take his decisions until <a href="/wiki/10_Janpath" class="mw-redirect" title="10 Janpath">10 Janpath</a> gives instruction."<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, BJP leader <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> had termed Singh as "night watchman" and a "puppet of the Gandhi family".<sup id="cite_ref-NDTV.com_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NDTV.com-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After he left the office, political opponents have praised Singh. <a href="/wiki/Arvind_Kejriwal" title="Arvind Kejriwal">Arvind Kejriwal</a> in 2018 said the people are "missing an educated PM like Dr Manmohan Singh".<sup id="cite_ref-NDTV.com2_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NDTV.com2-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, Union Transport Minister of Modi Government, <a href="/wiki/Nitin_Gadkari" title="Nitin Gadkari">Nitin Gadkari</a> said the "country is indebted to Manmohan Singh for the liberalisation that gave a new direction".<sup id="cite_ref-NDTV.com3_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NDTV.com3-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 February 2024, <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>, praised Manmohan Singh stating, </p> <blockquote><p>Ideological differences are short lived, but the way Manmohan Singh has guided this House and the country for such a long period, he will be remembered for his contributions during every discussion on our democracy. </p></blockquote> <p>Modi also recalled when Mr Singh arrived at the Parliament in a wheelchair to cast his vote over a key legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_and_personal_life">Family and personal life</h2></div> <p>Singh married <a href="/wiki/Gursharan_Kaur" title="Gursharan Kaur">Gursharan Kaur</a> in 1958. They have three daughters, <a href="/wiki/Upinder_Singh" title="Upinder Singh">Upinder Singh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daman_Singh" title="Daman Singh">Daman Singh</a> and Amrit Singh.<sup id="cite_ref-personal_profile_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-personal_profile-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upinder Singh is a professor of history at <a href="/wiki/Ashoka_University" title="Ashoka University">Ashoka University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She has written six books, including <i>Ancient Delhi</i> (1999) and <i>A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India</i> (2008). Daman Singh is a graduate of <a href="/wiki/St._Stephen%27s_College,_Delhi" title="St. Stephen's College, Delhi">St. Stephen's College, Delhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Rural_Management,_Anand" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Rural Management, Anand">Institute of Rural Management</a>, Anand, Gujarat, and author of <i>The Last Frontier: People and Forests in Mizoram</i> and a novel <i>Nine by Nine</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amrit Singh is a staff attorney at the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh's son-in-law, Ashok Pattnaik a 1983 batch <a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">Indian Police Service</a> officer, was appointed CEO of National Intelligence Grid (<a href="/wiki/NATGRID" title="NATGRID">NATGRID</a>) in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manmohan Singh was attacked during the <a href="/wiki/1984_anti-Sikh_riots" title="1984 anti-Sikh riots">1984 Anti-Sikh riots</a> and provided financial assistance to the Citizens' Relief Committee, and had controversially apologised on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> for the bloodshed during the riots.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Singh has undergone multiple <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_bypass_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiac bypass surgery">cardiac bypass surgeries</a>, the most recent of which took place in January 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Degrees_and_posts_held">Degrees and posts held</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honours_received_by_Manmohan_Singh" title="List of awards and honours received by Manmohan Singh">List of awards and honours received by Manmohan Singh</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a> (Honours) in <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a> 1952; <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">M.A.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Academic_grading_in_India" title="Academic grading in India">First Class</a>) in Economics, 1954 <a href="/wiki/Panjab_University,_Chandigarh" class="mw-redirect" title="Panjab University, Chandigarh">Panjab University, Chandigarh</a> (then in <a href="/wiki/Hoshiarpur" title="Hoshiarpur">Hoshiarpur</a>, Punjab), India</li> <li>Honours degree in Economics, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> – <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St John's College, Cambridge">St John's College</a> (1957) <ul><li>Senior Lecturer, Economics (1957 – 1959)</li> <li>Reader (1959 – 1963)</li> <li>Professor (1963 – 1965)</li> <li>Professor of International Trade (1969 – 1971)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">D.Phil.</a> in Economics, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nuffield_College,_Oxford" title="Nuffield College, Oxford">Nuffield College</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_School_of_Economics" title="Delhi School of Economics">Delhi School of Economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Delhi">University of Delhi</a> <ul><li>Honorary Professor (1966)</li></ul></li> <li>Chief, Financing for Trade Section, UNCTAD, United Nations Secretariat, New York <ul><li>1966 : Economic Affairs Officer 1966</li></ul></li> <li>Economic Adviser, Ministry of Foreign Trade, India (1971–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Economic_Advisor_to_the_Government_of_India" title="Chief Economic Advisor to the Government of India">Chief Economic Adviser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Ministry of Finance</a>, India, (1972 – 1976)</li> <li>Honorary Professor, <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_University,_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi">Jawaharlal Nehru University</a>, New Delhi (1976)</li> <li>Director, <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> (1976 – 1980)</li> <li>Director, <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Development_Bank_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial Development Bank of India">Industrial Development Bank of India</a> (1976 – 1980)</li> <li>Board of Governors, <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a>, Manila</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Affairs_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Affairs Secretary">Secretary</a>, Ministry of Finance (Department of Economic Affairs), <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>, (1977 – 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Reserve_Bank_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Reserve Bank of India">Governor</a>, Reserve Bank of India (1982 – 1985)</li> <li>Deputy chairman, <a href="/wiki/Planning_Commission_(India)" title="Planning Commission (India)">Planning Commission of India</a>, (1985 – 1987)</li> <li>Secretary General, South Commission, Geneva (1987 – 1990)</li> <li>Advisor to <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> on Economic Affairs (1990 – 1991)</li> <li>Chairman, <a href="/wiki/University_Grants_Commission_(India)" title="University Grants Commission (India)">University Grants Commission</a> (15 March 1991 – 20 June 1991)<sup id="cite_ref-dr_mms_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dr_mms-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Finance Minister of India</a>, (21 June 1991 – 15 May 1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Rajya_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha">Member of Parliament</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> (1 October 1991 – 14 June 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(India)" title="Leader of the Opposition (India)">Leader of the Opposition (India)</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> (1998 – 2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> (22 May 2004 – 26 May 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Rajya_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha">Member of Parliament</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> (19 August 2019 – 3 April 2024<sup id="cite_ref-Former_PM_Manmohan_Singh_Retires_From_Rajya_Sabha_After_33_Years_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Former_PM_Manmohan_Singh_Retires_From_Rajya_Sabha_After_33_Years-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Cultural_depictions_of_Manmohan_Singh" title="Category:Cultural depictions of Manmohan Singh">Category:Cultural depictions of Manmohan Singh</a></div> <p>A Bollywood film was made in 2019 based on Singh's life, titled <i><a href="/wiki/The_Accidental_Prime_Minister_(film)" title="The Accidental Prime Minister (film)">The Accidental Prime Minister</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Vijay_Gutte" title="Vijay Gutte">Vijay Gutte</a> and written by Mayank Tewari with <a href="/wiki/Anupam_Kher" title="Anupam Kher">Anupam Kher</a> in the titular role.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film was based on the 2014 memoir of the <a href="/wiki/The_Accidental_Prime_Minister" title="The Accidental Prime Minister">same name</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sanjaya_Baru" title="Sanjaya Baru">Sanjaya Baru</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Pradhanmantri" title="Pradhanmantri">Pradhanmantri</a></i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Prime Minister</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), a 2013 Indian documentary television series which aired on <a href="/wiki/ABP_News" title="ABP News">ABP News</a> and covers the various policies and political tenures of Indian PMs, includes the tenure ship of Manmohan Singh in the episodes "Story of Sonia Gandhi and UPA-I Government", and "Scams in UPA government and anti-corruption movement".<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dr_Manmohan_Singh_Scholarship" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr Manmohan Singh Scholarship">Dr Manmohan Singh Scholarship</a> at the University of Cambridge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao#Economic_reforms" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">Economic reforms under Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Manmohan_Singh_ministry" title="First Manmohan Singh ministry">First Manmohan Singh ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Progressive_Alliance" title="United Progressive Alliance">United Progressive Alliance</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstpost.com/india/former-pm-manmohan-singh-moves-to-3-motilal-nehru-marg-1543989.html">"Former PM Manmohan Singh moves to 3, Motilal Nehru Marg"</a>. 27 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180706165243/https://www.firstpost.com/india/former-pm-manmohan-singh-moves-to-3-motilal-nehru-marg-1543989.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=These+10+Indian+politicians+have+the+highest+educational+qualifications&rft.date=2024-02-29&rft.aulast=Banerjee&rft.aufirst=Deepto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Feducation%2Fweb-stories%2Fthese-10-indian-politicians-have-the-highest-educational-qualifications%2Fphotostory%2F108109425.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManmohan+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://in.news.yahoo.com/a-look-at-indias-most-and-least-educated-101014455.html">"Here are some of India's most and least educated politicians"</a>. <i>Yahoo News</i>. 10 May 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160518162332/https://in.news.yahoo.com/a-look-at-indias-most-and-least-educated-101014455.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+News&rft.atitle=Here+are+some+of+India%27s+most+and+least+educated+politicians&rft.date=2016-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fin.news.yahoo.com%2Fa-look-at-indias-most-and-least-educated-101014455.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManmohan+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.business-standard.com/politics/india-needs-more-leaders-like-manmohan-singh-to-propel-growth-momentum-124040900046_1.html">"India needs more leaders like Manmohan Singh to propel growth momentum"</a>. <i>Business Standard</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240424100000/https://www.business-standard.com/politics/india-needs-more-leaders-like-manmohan-singh-to-propel-growth-momentum-124040900046_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard&rft.atitle=India+needs+more+leaders+like+Manmohan+Singh+to+propel+growth+momentum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Fpolitics%2Findia-needs-more-leaders-like-manmohan-singh-to-propel-growth-momentum-124040900046_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManmohan+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/03/india-manmohan-singh-rahul-gandhi-narendra-modi">"India's Manmohan Singh to step down as PM"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 3 January 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240611102934/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/03/india-manmohan-singh-rahul-gandhi-narendra-modi">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=India%27s+Manmohan+Singh+to+step+down+as+PM&rft.date=2014-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fjan%2F03%2Findia-manmohan-singh-rahul-gandhi-narendra-modi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManmohan+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-to-move-manmohan-singh-from-assam/article27141531.ece">"Congress to move Manmohan Singh from Assam"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 15 May 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327132725/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-to-move-manmohan-singh-from-assam/article27141531.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Congress+to+move+Manmohan+Singh+from+Assam&rft.date=2019-05-15&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fcongress-to-move-manmohan-singh-from-assam%2Farticle27141531.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManmohan+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livemint.com/politics/congress-leader-sonia-gandhi-elected-unopposed-to-rajya-sabha-from-rajasthan-11708426337108.html">"Sonia Gandhi secures Rajya Sabha seat from Rajasthan unopposed"</a>. <i>Mint</i>. 20 February 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240229205545/https://www.livemint.com/politics/congress-leader-sonia-gandhi-elected-unopposed-to-rajya-sabha-from-rajasthan-11708426337108.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mint&rft.atitle=Sonia+Gandhi+secures+Rajya+Sabha+seat+from+Rajasthan+unopposed&rft.date=2024-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2Fpolitics%2Fcongress-leader-sonia-gandhi-elected-unopposed-to-rajya-sabha-from-rajasthan-11708426337108.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManmohan+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dr_mms-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dr_mms_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dr_mms_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dr_mms_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dr_mms_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111207031001/http://india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=2">"Detailed Profile: Dr. Manmohan Singh"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=PM+Manmohan+Singh+celebrates+77th+birthday+on+board+Aircraft&rft.date=2009-09-26&rft.issn=0013-0389&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fpm-manmohan-singh-celebrates-77th-birthday-on-board-aircraft%2Farticleshow%2F5060201.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManmohan+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/70-years-after-graduation-manmohan-singh-remembers-college-days-1828252">"Manmohan Singh Visits Alma Mater In Amritsar, Remembers College Days"</a>. <i>NDTV</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Global+inflation+climbs+to+historic+levels&rft.date=2008-11-02&rft.au=Kevin+Plumberg&rft.au=Steven+C.+Johnson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F02%2F12%2Fbusiness%2Fworldbusiness%2F12iht-inflate.1.9963291.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManmohan+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-timepoverty-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-timepoverty_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSachs2005" class="citation magazine cs1">Sachs, Jeffrey D. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1034738,00.html">the original</a> on 17 March 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+End+of+Poverty&rft.date=2005-03-06&rft.aulast=Sachs&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C1034738%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManmohan+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deccanherald.com/content/148456/ls-passes-bill-provide-iit.html">"LS passes bill to provide IIT for eight states"</a>. <i>Deccan Herald</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130324032628/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/148456/ls-passes-bill-provide-iit.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=LS+passes+bill+to+provide+IIT+for+eight+states.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fcontent%2F148456%2Fls-passes-bill-provide-iit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManmohan+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deccanherald.com/content/338571/direct-ssa-funds-school-panels.html">"Direct SSA funds for school panels"</a>. <i>Deccan Herald</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140517212319/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/338571/direct-ssa-funds-school-panels.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RTI+Act%3A+A+strong+tool+to+cleanse+corruption+in+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merinews.com%2Farticle%2Frti-act-a-strong-tool-to-cleanse-corruption-in-india%2F15787433.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManmohan+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---gender/documents/publication/wcms_233599.pdf">Gender Report</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221113142937/http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---gender/documents/publication/wcms_233599.pdf">Archived</a> 13 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ilo.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilo.org">ilo.org</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JKrQOAKQX60C&q=Indira%20UPA%20government%20social%20security&pg=PA360"><i>India Business Yearbook 2009</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2016</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+Business+Yearbook+2009&rft.pub=Vikas+Publishing+House+Pvt+Limited&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.isbn=9788125930860&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJKrQOAKQX60C%26q%3DIndira%2520UPA%2520government%2520social%2520security%26pg%3DPA360&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManmohan+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ndtv1-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ndtv1_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/president-pranab-mukherjee-gives-nod-to-land-acquisition-bill-424675">"President Pranab Mukherjee gives nod to Land Acquisition Bill"</a>. <i>NDTV</i>. 27 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131007015123/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/president-pranab-mukherjee-gives-nod-to-land-acquisition-bill-424675">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NDTV&rft.atitle=President+Pranab+Mukherjee+gives+nod+to+Land+Acquisition+Bill&rft.date=2013-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Fpresident-pranab-mukherjee-gives-nod-to-land-acquisition-bill-424675&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManmohan+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140104205638/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/downloads/pdfs/Right%20to%20FC%26T%20in%20LAR%26RA%202013%20Gazette%20Notification%20.pdf">"Gazette Notification of coming into force of the Act"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/downloads/pdfs/Right%20to%20FC%26T%20in%20LAR%26RA%202013%20Gazette%20Notification%20.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gazette+Notification+of+coming+into+force+of+the+Act&rft.pub=Government+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdolr.nic.in%2Fdolr%2Fdownloads%2Fpdfs%2FRight%2520to%2520FC%2526T%2520in%2520LAR%2526RA%25202013%2520Gazette%2520Notification%2520.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManmohan+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131103185318/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-10-16/news/43107324_1_monsoon-session-jairam-ramesh-new-land-acquisition-act">"The New Land Acquisition Act to come into effect from 2014"</a>. <i>Economic Times</i>. 16 October 2013. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Times&rft.atitle=The+New+Land+Acquisition+Act+to+come+into+effect+from+2014&rft.date=2013-10-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.economictimes.indiatimes.com%2F2013-10-16%2Fnews%2F43107324_1_monsoon-session-jairam-ramesh-new-land-acquisition-act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManmohan+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131016085444/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-09-15/news/42083755_1_land-acquisition-bills-land-rights-land-deeds">"Land Acquisition bill to be notified early next year: Jairam Ramesh"</a>. <i>Economic Times</i>. 15 September 2013. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wire&rft.atitle=Movie+Review%3A+The+Accidental+Prime+Minister+Is+Made+to+Confirm+Your+Bias&rft.date=2019-01-11&rft.aulast=Thakur&rft.aufirst=Tanul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthewire.in%2Ffilm%2Fthe-accidental-prime-minister-movie-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManmohan+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211027/_IOGp0bvwuQ">"Pradhanmantri: Even after winning polls, Sonia did not become PM in 2004"</a>. ABP News. 22 December 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IOGp0bvwuQ">the original</a> on 27 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pradhanmantri%3A+Even+after+winning+polls%2C+Sonia+did+not+become+PM+in+2004&rft.pub=ABP+News&rft.date=2013-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D_IOGp0bvwuQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManmohan+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" class="extiw" title="commons:Manmohan Singh"><span style="font-style:italic; 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font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> </b><br />22 May 2004 – 26 May 2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Offices_and_distinctions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Offices_and_distinctions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Offices and distinctions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/I._G._Patel" title="I. G. Patel">Indraprasad Gordhanbhai Patel</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of the Reserve Bank of India">Governor of the Reserve Bank</a> </b><br />16 September 1982 – 14 January 1985 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Amitav_Ghosh_(banker)" title="Amitav Ghosh (banker)">Amitav Ghosh</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">Narasimha Rao</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chairman_of_the_Planning_Commission" title="Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission">Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission</a> </b><br />15 January 1985 – 31 August 1987 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/P._Shiv_Shankar" title="P. Shiv Shankar">Punjala Shiv Shankar</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Yashwant_Sinha" title="Yashwant Sinha">Yashwant Sinha</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Union Minister of Finance</a> </b><br />21 June 1991 – 16 May 1996 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh">Jaswant Singh</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> </b><br />22 May 2004 – 26 May 2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chairperson of the <a href="/wiki/Planning_Commission_(India)" title="Planning Commission (India)">Planning Commission</a> </b><br />22 May 2004 – 26 May 2014 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/K._Natwar_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="K. Natwar Singh">Kunwar Natwar Singh</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">Union Minister of External Affairs</a> </b><br />6 November 2005 – 24 October 2006 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">Palaniappan Chidambaram</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Union Minister of Finance</a> </b><br />30 November 2008 – 24 January 2009 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Union Minister of Finance</a> </b><br />26 June 2012 – 31 July 2012 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">Palaniappan Chidambaram</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Khaleda_Zia" title="Khaleda Zia">Khaleda Zia</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chairperson of <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">SAARC</a> </b><br />3 April 2007 – 31 July 2008 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksa" title="Mahinda Rajapaksa">Mahinda Rajapaksa</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Second_Manmohan_Singh_ministry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#19AAED; 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text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture (India)">Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sharad_Pawar" title="Sharad Pawar">Sharad Pawar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Aviation_(India)" title="Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)">Civil Aviation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ajit_Singh_(politician,_born_1939)" title="Ajit Singh (politician, born 1939)"> Ajit Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Coal" title="Ministry of Coal">Coal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Shriprakash_Jaiswal" class="mw-redirect" title="Shriprakash Jaiswal">Shriprakash Jaiswal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)">Commerce and Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anand_Sharma" title="Anand Sharma">Anand Sharma</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_and_Information_Technology_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)">Communications and IT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kapil_Sibal" title="Kapil Sibal">Kapil Sibal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(India)" title="Ministry of Culture (India)">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Chandresh_Kumari_Katoch" title="Chandresh Kumari Katoch">Chandresh Kumari Katoch</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Defence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/A._K._Antony" title="A. K. Antony">A. K. Antony</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Earth_Sciences" title="Ministry of Earth Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jaipal_Reddy" title="Jaipal Reddy">Jaipal Reddy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">External Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Salman_Khurshid" title="Salman Khurshid">Salman Khurshid</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Food_Processing_Industries" title="Ministry of Food Processing Industries">Food Processing Industries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sharad_Pawar" title="Sharad Pawar">Sharad Pawar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Family_Welfare_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India)">Health and Family Welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Nabi_Azad" title="Ghulam Nabi Azad">Ghulam Nabi Azad</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Heavy_Industries_and_Public_Enterprises_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises (India)">Heavy Ind. & Public Enterprises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Praful_Patel" title="Praful Patel">Praful Patel</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Home Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sushilkumar_Shinde" title="Sushilkumar Shinde">Sushilkumar Shinde</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban_Poverty_Alleviation_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (India)">Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Girija_Vyas" title="Girija Vyas">Girija Vyas</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Human_Resource_Development_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)">Human Resource Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pallam_Raju" class="mw-redirect" title="Pallam Raju">Pallam Raju</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Employment_(India)" title="Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)">Labour and Employment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sis_Ram_Ola" class="mw-redirect" title="Sis Ram Ola">Sis Ram Ola</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)" title="Ministry of Law and Justice (India)">Law and Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kapil_Sibal" title="Kapil Sibal">Kapil Sibal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Mines_(India)" title="Ministry of Mines (India)">Mines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dinsha_Patel" title="Dinsha Patel">Dinsha Patel</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Minority_Affairs" title="Ministry of Minority Affairs">Minority Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/K._Rahman_Khan" title="K. Rahman Khan">K. Rahman Khan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_New_and_Renewable_Energy_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (India)">New and Renewable Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Farooq_Abdullah" title="Farooq Abdullah">Farooq Abdullah</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Overseas_Indian_Affairs" title="Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs">Overseas Indian Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Vayalar_Ravi" title="Vayalar Ravi">Vayalar Ravi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Parliamentary Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Nath" title="Kamal Nath">Kamal Nath</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Petroleum_and_Natural_Gas" title="Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas">Petroleum and Natural Gas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Veerappa_Moily" title="Veerappa Moily">Veerappa Moily</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(India)" title="Ministry of Railways (India)">Railway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mallikarjun_Kharge" title="Mallikarjun Kharge">Mallikarjun Kharge</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Road_Transport_and_Highways_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (India)">Road Transport and Highways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Fernandes" title="Oscar Fernandes">Oscar Fernandes</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Rural_Development_(India)" title="Ministry of Rural Development (India)">Rural development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jairam_Ramesh" title="Jairam Ramesh">Jairam Ramesh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(India)" title="Ministry of Science and Technology (India)">Science and Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jaipal_Reddy" title="Jaipal Reddy">Jaipal Reddy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Justice_and_Empowerment" title="Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment">Social Justice and Emp.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Selja_Kumari" title="Selja Kumari">Selja Kumari</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Steel_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Steel (India)">Steel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Beni_Prasad_Verma" title="Beni Prasad Verma">Beni Prasad Verma</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Shipping_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Shipping (India)">Shipping</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/G._K._Vasan" title="G. K. Vasan">G. K. Vasan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Textiles_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Textiles (India)">Textiles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kavuri_Samba_Siva_Rao" title="Kavuri Samba Siva Rao">Kavuri Samba Siva Rao</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tribal_Affairs_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Tribal Affairs (India)">Tribal Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kishore_Chandra_Deo" title="Kishore Chandra Deo">Kishore Chandra Deo</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Urban_Development_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Urban Development (India)">Urban Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Nath" title="Kamal Nath">Kamal Nath</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Water_Resources,_River_Development_and_Ganga_Rejuvenation" title="Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation">Water Resources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Harish_Rawat" title="Harish Rawat">Harish Rawat</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template talk:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_State_(Independent_Charge)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ministers of State (Independent Charge)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Chemicals_and_Fertilizers_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers (India)">Chemicals and Fertilizers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Srikant_Kumar_Jena" title="Srikant Kumar Jena">Srikant Kumar Jena</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Consumer_Affairs,_Food_and_Public_Distribution_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution (India)">Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/K._V._Thomas" title="K. V. Thomas">K. V. Thomas</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Corporate_Affairs_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Corporate Affairs (India)">Corporate Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sachin_Pilot" title="Sachin Pilot">Sachin Pilot</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Development_of_North_Eastern_Region" title="Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region">Development of North Eastern Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Paban_Singh_Ghatowar" title="Paban Singh Ghatowar">Paban Singh Ghatowar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Drinking_Water_and_Sanitation_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (India)">Drinking Water and Sanitation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bharatsinh_Madhavsinh_Solanki" title="Bharatsinh Madhavsinh Solanki">Bharatsinh Madhavsinh Solanki</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Forests_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Environment and Forests (India)">Environment and Forests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jayanthi_Natarajan" title="Jayanthi Natarajan">Jayanthi Natarajan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_and_Broadcasting_(India)" title="Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)">Information and Broadcasting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Manish_Tewari" title="Manish Tewari">Manish Tewari</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Micro,_Small_and_Medium_Enterprises" title="Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises">MSME</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/K._H._Muniyappa" title="K. H. Muniyappa">K. H. Muniyappa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Power_(India)" title="Ministry of Power (India)">Power</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jyotiraditya_Madhavrao_Scindia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia">Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Statistics_and_Programme_Implementation_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (India)">Statistics and Programme Implementation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Srikant_Kumar_Jena" title="Srikant Kumar Jena">Srikant Kumar Jena</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism_(India)" title="Ministry of Tourism (India)">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Chiranjeevi" title="Chiranjeevi">K. Chiranjeevi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Women_and_Child_Development" title="Ministry of Women and Child Development">Women and Child Dev.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Tirath" title="Krishna Tirath">Krishna Tirath</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Youth_Affairs_and_Sports_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (India)">Youth Affairs and Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Singh_(INC_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jitendra Singh (INC politician)">Jitendra Singh</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template talk:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_State" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ministers of State</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture (India)">Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Charan_Das_Mahant" title="Charan Das Mahant">Charan Das Mahant</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Tariq_Anwar_(politician)" title="Tariq Anwar (politician)">Tariq Anwar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Aviation_(India)" title="Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)">Civil Aviation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/K._C._Venugopal" title="K. C. Venugopal">K. C. Venugopal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Coal" title="Ministry of Coal">Coal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pratik_Prakashbapu_Patil" title="Pratik Prakashbapu Patil">Pratik Prakashbapu Patil</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)">Commerce and Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Daggubati_Purandeswari" title="Daggubati Purandeswari">Daggubati Purandeswari</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/E._M._Sudarsana_Natchiappan" title="E. M. Sudarsana Natchiappan">E. M. Sudarsana Natchiappan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_and_Information_Technology_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)">Comm. & IT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Killi_Krupa_Rani" title="Killi Krupa Rani">Killi Krupa Rani</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Milind_Murli_Deora" class="mw-redirect" title="Milind Murli Deora">Milind Murli Deora</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Corporate_Affairs_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Corporate Affairs (India)">Corporate Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/R._P._N._Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="R. P. N. Singh">R. P. N. Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Defence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Singh_(INC_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jitendra Singh (INC politician)">Jitendra Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">External Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/E._Ahamed" title="E. Ahamed">E. Ahamed</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Preneet_Kaur" title="Preneet Kaur">Preneet Kaur</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Namo_Narain_Meena" title="Namo Narain Meena">Namo Narain Meena</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/S._S._Palanimanickam" title="S. S. Palanimanickam">S. S. Palanimanickam</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Food_Processing_Industries" title="Ministry of Food Processing Industries">Food Processing Ind.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Charan_Das_Mahant" title="Charan Das Mahant">Charan Das Mahant</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Family_Welfare_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India)">Health and Family Welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hasem_Khan_Choudhury" title="Abu Hasem Khan Choudhury">Abu Hasem Khan Choudhury</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/S._Gandhiselvan" title="S. Gandhiselvan">S. Gandhiselvan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Home Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mullappally_Ramachandran" title="Mullappally Ramachandran">Mullappally Ramachandran</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/R._P._N._Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="R. P. N. Singh">R. P. N. Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Human_Resource_Development_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)">Human Resource Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jitin_Prasada" title="Jitin Prasada">Jitin Prasada</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Shashi_Tharoor" title="Shashi Tharoor">Shashi Tharoor</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_and_Broadcasting_(India)" title="Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)">Information and Broadcasting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/S._Jagathrakshakan" title="S. Jagathrakshakan">S. Jagathrakshakan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Employment_(India)" title="Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)">Labour and Employment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kodikunnil_Suresh" title="Kodikunnil Suresh">Kodikunnil Suresh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Minority_Affairs" title="Ministry of Minority Affairs">Minority Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ninong_Ering" title="Ninong Ering">Ninong Ering</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Parliamentary Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Paban_Singh_Ghatowar" title="Paban Singh Ghatowar">Paban Singh Ghatowar</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/Rajeev_Shukla" title="Rajeev Shukla">Rajeev Shukla</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Petroleum_and_Natural_Gas" title="Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas">Petroleum and Natural Gas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Panabaka_Lakshmi" title="Panabaka Lakshmi">Panabaka Lakshmi</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/R._P._N._Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="R. P. N. Singh">R. P. N. Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_New_and_Renewable_Energy_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (India)">New and Renewable Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/S._Jagathrakshakan" title="S. Jagathrakshakan">S. Jagathrakshakan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions" title="Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions">Personnel, Public Griev. & Pensions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/V._Narayanasamy" title="V. Narayanasamy">V. Narayanasamy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Planning_Commission_(India)" title="Planning Commission (India)">Planning Commission</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rajeev_Shukla" title="Rajeev Shukla">Rajeev Shukla</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Power_(India)" title="Ministry of Power (India)">Power</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/K._C._Venugopal" title="K. C. Venugopal">K. C. Venugopal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(India)" title="Prime Minister's Office (India)">PMO</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/V._Narayanasamy" title="V. Narayanasamy">V. Narayanasamy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(India)" title="Ministry of Railways (India)">Railway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Adhir_Ranjan_Chowdhury" title="Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury">Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/Kotla_Jayasurya_Prakasha_Reddy" title="Kotla Jayasurya Prakasha Reddy">K. J. Surya Prakash Reddy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Road_Transport_and_Highways_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (India)">Road Trans. & Highways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sarvey_Sathyanarayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarvey Sathyanarayana">Sarvey Sathyanarayana</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Tushar_Amarsinh_Chaudhary" class="mw-redirect" title="Tushar Amarsinh Chaudhary">Tushar Amarsinh Chaudhary</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Rural_Development_(India)" title="Ministry of Rural Development (India)">Rural development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lal_Chand_Kataria" class="mw-redirect" title="Lal Chand Kataria">Lal Chand Kataria</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Pradeep_Jain_Aditya" title="Pradeep Jain Aditya">Pradeep Jain Aditya</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Shipping_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Shipping (India)">Shipping</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Milind_Murli_Deora" class="mw-redirect" title="Milind Murli Deora">Milind Murli Deora</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Justice_and_Empowerment" title="Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment">Social Justice and Emp.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Balram_Naik" title="Balram Naik">Balram Naik</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/Manikrao_Hodlya_Gavit" title="Manikrao Hodlya Gavit">Manikrao Hodlya Gavit</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Textiles_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Textiles (India)">Textiles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Panabaka_Lakshmi" title="Panabaka Lakshmi">Panabaka Lakshmi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tribal_Affairs_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Tribal Affairs (India)">Tribal Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mahadeo_Singh_Khandela" title="Mahadeo Singh Khandela">Mahadeo Singh Khandela</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Ranee_Narah" title="Ranee Narah">Ranee Narah</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Urban_Development_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Urban Development (India)">Urban Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Deepa_Dasmunsi" title="Deepa Dasmunsi">Deepa Dasmunsi</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_Minister_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_India" title="Template:Prime ministers of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_India" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_India" 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Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Premiership of Lal Bahadur Shastri">Premiership</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Morarji_Desai" title="Premiership of Morarji Desai">Premiership</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_V._P._Singh" title="Premiership of V. P. Singh">Premiership</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Premiership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Premiership</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">H. D. Deve Gowda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inder_Kumar_Gujral" title="Inder Kumar Gujral">Inder Kumar Gujral</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Premiership of Narendra Modi">Premiership</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/31px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/63px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulzarilal_Nanda" title="Gulzarilal Nanda">Gulzarilal Nanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of things named after prime ministers of India">Things named after prime ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="List of things named after Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Indira_Gandhi" title="List of things named after Indira Gandhi">Indira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Rajiv_Gandhi" title="List of things named after Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(India)" title="Prime Minister's Office (India)">Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7,_Lok_Kalyan_Marg" title="7, Lok Kalyan Marg">Residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of international trips made by prime ministers of India">International trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Indira_Gandhi" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Indira Gandhi">Indira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Narendra_Modi" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spouse_of_the_prime_minister_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Spouse of the prime minister of India">Spouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_children_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of children of prime ministers of India">Children</a></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Prime_ministers_of_India" title="Category:Prime ministers of India">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Template:Ministry of Finance (India)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Template talk:Ministry of Finance (India)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministry of Finance (India)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Ministry of Finance (India)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)#Department_of_Economic_Affairs" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Economic Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Economic Division: <a href="/wiki/Economic_survey_of_India" title="Economic survey of India">Economic Survey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Budget Division: <a href="/wiki/Union_budget_of_India" title="Union budget of India">Union budget</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Expenditure" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Expenditure">Expenditure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pay_Commission" title="Pay Commission">Pay Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Central_Pay_Commission_(CPC)_and_Defence_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces">7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Central_Pay_Commission" title="Sixth Central Pay Commission">Sixth Central Pay Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Revenue_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Revenue (India)">Revenue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Income_Tax_Department" title="Income Tax Department">Income Tax Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Indirect_Taxes_and_Customs" title="Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs">Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)#Department_of_Financial_Services" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Financial Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Jan_Dhan_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana">Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Investment_and_Public_Asset_Management&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (page does not exist)">DIPAM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disinvestment_in_India" title="Disinvestment in India">Disinvestment in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinvestment_of_Public_Sector_Units_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Disinvestment of Public Sector Units in India">Disinvestment of Public Sector Units in India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Enterprises" title="Department of Public Enterprises">DPE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Efficient_monitoring_of_the_capital_expenditure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efficient monitoring of the capital expenditure (page does not exist)">Efficient monitoring of the capital expenditure</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asset_monetisation_and_financial_health_of_the_Central_Public_Sector_Enterprises_(CPSEs)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asset monetisation and financial health of the Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) (page does not exist)">Asset monetisation and financial health of the Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economic Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Mehrishi" title="Rajiv Mehrishi">Rajiv Mehrishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktikanta_Das" title="Shaktikanta Das">Shaktikanta Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhash_Chandra_Garg" title="Subhash Chandra Garg">Subhash Chandra Garg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atanu_Chakraborty" title="Atanu Chakraborty">Atanu Chakraborty</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Revenue</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaktikanta_Das" title="Shaktikanta Das">Shaktikanta Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Bhushan_Pandey" title="Ajay Bhushan Pandey">Ajay Bhushan Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasmukh_Adhia" title="Hasmukh Adhia">Hasmukh Adhia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ratan_P._Watal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ratan P. Watal (page does not exist)">Ratan P. Watal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Lavasa" title="Ashok Lavasa">Ashok Lavasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasmukh_Adhia" title="Hasmukh Adhia">Hasmukh Adhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Narayan_Jha" title="Ajay Narayan Jha">Ajay Narayan Jha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Kumar_(economist)" title="Rajiv Kumar (economist)">Rajiv Kumar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Shanmukham_Chetty" title="R. K. Shanmukham Chetty">R. K. Shanmukham Chetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mathai" class="mw-redirect" title="John Mathai">John Mathai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Deshmukh" title="C. D. Deshmukh">C. D. Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._T._Krishnamachari" title="T. T. Krishnamachari">T. T. Krishnamachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachindra_Chaudhuri" title="Sachindra Chaudhuri">Sachindra Chaudhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chidambaram_Subramaniam" title="Chidambaram Subramaniam">Chidambaram Subramaniam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirubhai_M._Patel" title="Hirubhai M. Patel">Hirubhai M. Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemwati_Nandan_Bahuguna" title="Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna">Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Venkataraman" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Pratap_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwanath Pratap Singh">Vishwanath Pratap Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._D._Tiwari" title="N. D. Tiwari">N. D. Tiwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankarrao_Chavan" title="Shankarrao Chavan">Shankarrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhu_Dandavate" title="Madhu Dandavate">Madhu Dandavate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwant_Sinha" title="Yashwant Sinha">Yashwant Sinha</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh">Jaswant Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._K._Gujral" class="mw-redirect" title="I. K. Gujral">I. K. Gujral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Jaitley" title="Arun Jaitley">Arun Jaitley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyush_Goyal" title="Piyush Goyal">Piyush Goyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Sitharaman" title="Nirmala Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of State <br /> for Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Sitharaman" title="Nirmala Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayant_Sinha" title="Jayant Sinha">Jayant Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pon_Radhakrishnan" title="Pon Radhakrishnan">Pon Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anurag_Thakur" title="Anurag Thakur">Anurag Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagwat_Karad" title="Bhagwat Karad">Bhagwat Karad</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pankaj_Chaudhary" title="Pankaj Chaudhary">Pankaj Chaudhary</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Economic_Advisor_to_the_Government_of_India" title="Chief Economic Advisor to the Government of India">Chief Economic<br />Advisor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JJ_Anjaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JJ Anjaria (page does not exist)">JJ Anjaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IG_Patel" class="mw-redirect" title="IG Patel">IG Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IG_Patel" class="mw-redirect" title="IG Patel">IG Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VK_Ramaswamy_(economist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VK Ramaswamy (economist) (page does not exist)">VK Ramaswamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Mitra" title="Ashok Mitra">Ashok Mitra</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RM_Honavar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RM Honavar (page does not exist)">RM Honavar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimal_Jalan" title="Bimal Jalan">Bimal Jalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitin_Desai" title="Nitin Desai">Nitin Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepak_Nayyar" title="Deepak Nayyar">Deepak Nayyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankar_Acharya" title="Shankar Acharya">Shankar Acharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakesh_Mohan" title="Rakesh Mohan">Rakesh Mohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_K_Lahiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashok K Lahiri">Ashok K Lahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Virmani" title="Arvind Virmani">Arvind Virmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaushik_Basu" title="Kaushik Basu">Kaushik Basu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghuram_Rajan" title="Raghuram Rajan">Raghuram Rajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Subramanian" title="Arvind Subramanian">Arvind Subramanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnamurthy_Subramanian" title="Krishnamurthy Subramanian">Krishnamurthy Subramanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Anantha_Nageswaran" title="V. Anantha Nageswaran">V. Anantha Nageswaran</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Finance_Commission" title="Finance Commission">Finance Commissions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Finance_Commission" title="First Finance Commission">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Finance_Commission" title="Second Finance Commission">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Finance_Commission" title="Third Finance Commission">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Finance_Commission" title="Fourth Finance Commission">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Finance_Commission" title="Fifth Finance Commission">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Finance_Commission" title="Sixth Finance Commission">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Finance_Commission" title="Seventh Finance Commission">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Finance_Commission" title="Eighth Finance Commission">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Finance_Commission" title="Ninth Finance Commission">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Finance_Commission" title="Tenth Finance Commission">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Finance_Commission" title="Eleventh Finance Commission">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Finance_Commission" title="Twelfth Finance Commission">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Finance_Commission" title="Thirteenth Finance Commission">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Finance_Commission" title="Fourteenth Finance Commission">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Finance_Commission" title="Fifteenth Finance Commission">15th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">Ministry of External Affairs (India)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary (CPV & <br />Overseas Indian Affairs)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanjay_Bhattacharya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanjay Bhattacharya (page does not exist)">Sanjay Bhattacharya</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary (Economic Relations)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rahul_Chhabra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rahul Chhabra (page does not exist)">Rahul Chhabra</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary (West)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vikas_Swarup" title="Vikas Swarup">Vikas Swarup</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary (East)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riva_Ganguly_Das" title="Riva Ganguly Das">Riva Ganguly Das</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary" title="Foreign Secretary">Foreign Secretary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=K._P._S._Menon_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K. P. S. Menon Sr. (page does not exist)">K. P. S. Menon Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Nehru" class="mw-redirect" title="R. K. Nehru">R. K. Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subimal_Dutt" title="Subimal Dutt">Subimal Dutt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._J._Desai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. J. Desai (page does not exist)">M. J. Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y._D._Gundevia" title="Y. D. Gundevia">Y. D. Gundevia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._S._Jha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. S. Jha (page does not exist)">C. S. Jha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajeshwar_Dayal" title="Rajeshwar Dayal">Rajeshwar Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._N._Kaul" class="mw-redirect" title="T. N. Kaul">T. N. Kaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kewal_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kewal Singh">Kewal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._S._Mehta" class="mw-redirect" title="J. S. Mehta">J. S. Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._D._Sathe" class="mw-redirect" title="R. D. Sathe">R. D. Sathe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._K._Rasgotra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. K. Rasgotra (page does not exist)">M. K. Rasgotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romesh_Bhandari" title="Romesh Bhandari">Romesh Bhandari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._P._Venkateswaran" title="A. P. Venkateswaran">A. P. Venkateswaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._P._S._Menon_Jr." title="K. P. S. Menon Jr.">K. P. S. Menon Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilendra_Kumar_Singh" title="Shilendra Kumar Singh">Shilendra Kumar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muchukund_Dubey" class="mw-redirect" title="Muchukund Dubey">Muchukund Dubey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._N._Dixit" class="mw-redirect" title="J. N. Dixit">J. N. Dixit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnan_Srinivasan" title="Krishnan Srinivasan">Krishnan Srinivasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_Haidar" title="Salman Haidar">Salman Haidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Raghunath" title="K. Raghunath">K. Raghunath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalit_Mansingh" title="Lalit Mansingh">Lalit Mansingh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokila_Iyer" title="Chokila Iyer">Chokila Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanwal_Sibal" title="Kanwal Sibal">Kanwal Sibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashank" title="Shashank">Shashank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyam_Saran" title="Shyam Saran">Shyam Saran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivshankar_Menon" title="Shivshankar Menon">Shivshankar Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirupama_Rao" title="Nirupama Rao">Nirupama Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjan_Mathai" title="Ranjan Mathai">Ranjan Mathai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujatha_Singh" title="Sujatha Singh">Sujatha Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyam_Jaishankar" class="mw-redirect" title="Subrahmanyam Jaishankar">Subrahmanyam Jaishankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Keshav_Gokhale" title="Vijay Keshav Gokhale">Vijay Keshav Gokhale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsh_Vardhan_Shringla" title="Harsh Vardhan Shringla">Harsh Vardhan Shringla</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External Affairs<br />Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulzari_Lal_Nanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulzari Lal Nanda">Gulzari Lal Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaran_Singh" title="Swaran Singh">Swaran Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._C._Chagla" title="M. C. Chagla">M. C. Chagla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Singh_(Uttar_Pradesh_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinesh Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)">Dinesh Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyam_Nandan_Prasad_Mishra" title="Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra">Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Ram_Bhagat" title="Bali Ram Bhagat">Bali Ram Bhagat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Shiv_Shankar" title="P. Shiv Shankar">P. Shiv Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._D._Tiwari" title="N. D. Tiwari">N. D. Tiwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Pratap_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwanath Pratap Singh">Vishwanath Pratap Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._K._Gujral" class="mw-redirect" title="I. K. Gujral">I. K. Gujral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidya_Charan_Shukla" title="Vidya Charan Shukla">Vidya Charan Shukla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhavsinh_Solanki" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhavsinh Solanki">Madhavsinh Solanki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikander_Bakht" title="Sikander Bakht">Sikander Bakht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh">Jaswant Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwant_Sinha" title="Yashwant Sinha">Yashwant Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natwar_Singh" title="Natwar Singh">Natwar Singh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._M._Krishna" title="S. M. Krishna">S. M. Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_Khurshid" title="Salman Khurshid">Salman Khurshid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushma_Swaraj" title="Sushma Swaraj">Sushma Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Jaishankar" title="S. Jaishankar">S. Jaishankar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of State <br /> for External Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Singh" title="V. K. Singh">V. K. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Muraleedharan" title="V. Muraleedharan">V. Muraleedharan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related Links</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Overseas_Indian_Affairs" title="Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs">Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_India" title="Foreign relations of India">Foreign relations of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_India" title="Visa policy of India">Visa policy of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passports_Act" title="Passports Act">Passports Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_passport" title="Indian passport">Indian passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Foreign_Service" title="Indian Foreign Service">Indian Foreign Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_External_Affairs_Ministers_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:External_Affairs_Ministers_of_India" title="Template:External Affairs Ministers of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:External_Affairs_Ministers_of_India" title="Template talk:External Affairs Ministers of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:External_Affairs_Ministers_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:External Affairs Ministers of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_External_Affairs_Ministers_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">External Affairs Ministers of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulzari_Lal_Nanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulzari Lal Nanda">Gulzari Lal Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaran_Singh" title="Swaran Singh">Swaran Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._C._Chagla" title="M. C. Chagla">M. C. Chagla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Singh_(Uttar_Pradesh_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinesh Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)">Dinesh Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyam_Nandan_Prasad_Mishra" title="Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra">Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Ram_Bhagat" title="Bali Ram Bhagat">Bali Ram Bhagat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Shiv_Shankar" title="P. Shiv Shankar">P. Shiv Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._D._Tiwari" title="N. D. Tiwari">N. D. 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Jaishankar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Energy_Ministries_and_Departments_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Energy Ministries and Departments of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Energy_ministries_and_departments_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Energy ministries and departments of India</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Power_(India)" title="Ministry of Power (India)">Power</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statutory bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Electricity_Authority_(India)" title="Central Electricity Authority (India)">Central Electricity Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Electricity_Regulatory_Commission" title="Central Electricity Regulatory Commission">Central Electricity Regulatory Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Energy_Efficiency" title="Bureau of Energy Efficiency">Bureau of Energy Efficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damodar_Valley_Corporation" title="Damodar Valley Corporation">Damodar Valley Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Power_Research_Institute" title="Central Power Research Institute">Central Power Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Power_Training_Institute" title="National Power Training Institute">National Power Training Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PSUs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NTPC_Limited" title="NTPC Limited">NTPC Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHPC_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="NHPC Limited">NHPC Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Eastern_Electric_Power_Corporation_Limited" title="North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited">North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Finance_Corporation" title="Power Finance Corporation">Power Finance Corporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/REC_Limited" title="REC Limited">REC Limited</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Grid_Corporation_of_India" title="Power Grid Corporation of India">Power Grid Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THDC_India_Limited" title="THDC India Limited">THDC India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_System_Operation_Corporation" title="Power System Operation Corporation">Power System Operation Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_New_and_Renewable_Energy" title="Ministry of New and Renewable Energy">New and<br /> Renewable Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Energy_Corporation_of_India" title="Solar Energy Corporation of India">Solar Energy Corporation of India</a> (SECI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Coal" title="Ministry of Coal">Ministry of Coal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_India" title="Coal India">Coal India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Coking_Coal" title="Bharat Coking Coal">Bharat Coking Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Mine_Planning_and_Design_Institute" title="Central Mine Planning and Design Institute">Central Mine Planning and Design Institute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NLC_India_Limited" title="NLC India Limited">NLC India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singareni_Collieries_Company" title="Singareni Collieries Company">Singareni Collieries Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_Mines_Provident_Fund_Organisation" title="Coal Mines Provident Fund Organisation">Coal Mines Provident Fund Organisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Petroleum_and_Natural_Gas" title="Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas">Petroleum and<br />Natural Gas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Petroleum_and_Energy" title="Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy">Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi_Institute_of_Petroleum_Technology" title="Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology">Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandit_Deendayal_Energy_University" title="Pandit Deendayal Energy University">Pandit Deendayal Energy University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Hydrocarbons" title="Directorate General of Hydrocarbons">Directorate General of Hydrocarbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_Industry_Safety_Directorate" title="Oil Industry Safety Directorate">Oil Industry Safety Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_Conservation_Research_Association" title="Petroleum Conservation Research Association">Petroleum Conservation Research Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balmer_Lawrie" title="Balmer Lawrie">Balmer Lawrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai_Petroleum_Corporation_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited">Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Petroleum" title="Bharat Petroleum">Bharat Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineers_India_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineers India Limited">Engineers India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_Authority_of_India_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas Authority of India Limited">Gas Authority of India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Oil_Corporation" title="Indian Oil Corporation">Indian Oil Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numaligarh_Refinery_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Numaligarh Refinery Limited">Numaligarh Refinery Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_India" title="Oil India">Oil India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_and_Natural_Gas_Corporation" title="Oil and Natural Gas Corporation">Oil and Natural Gas Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Petroleum" title="Hindustan Petroleum">Hindustan Petroleum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biecco_Lawrie" title="Biecco Lawrie">Biecco Lawrie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Petroleum_Reserve_(India)" title="Strategic Petroleum Reserve (India)">Strategic Petroleum Reserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Atomic_Energy" title="Department of Atomic Energy">Department of<br />Atomic Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apex board</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Commission_of_India" title="Atomic Energy Commission of India">Atomic Energy Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulatory board</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Regulatory_Board" title="Atomic Energy Regulatory Board">Atomic Energy Regulatory Board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R&D</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhabha_Atomic_Research_Centre" title="Bhabha Atomic Research Centre">Bhabha Atomic Research Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Minerals_Directorate_for_Exploration_and_Research" title="Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research">Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_Centre_for_Atomic_Research" title="Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research">Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Ramanna_Centre_for_Advanced_Technology" title="Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology">Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_Energy_Cyclotron_Centre" title="Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre">Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Centre_for_Nuclear_Energy_Partnership" title="Global Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership">Global Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PSUs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_Corporation_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronics Corporation of India">Electronics Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rare_Earths_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Rare Earths Limited">Indian Rare Earths Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_Corporation_of_India" title="Uranium Corporation of India">Uranium Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Power_Corporation_of_India" title="Nuclear Power Corporation of India">Nuclear Power Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BHAVINI" title="BHAVINI">Bharatiya Nabhkiya Vidyut Nigam Limited</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industrial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_Water_Board" title="Heavy Water Board">Heavy Water Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Fuel_Complex" title="Nuclear Fuel Complex">Nuclear Fuel Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Radiation_and_Isotope_Technology" title="Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology">Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Science_Education_and_Research,_Bhubaneswar" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar">National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Board_for_Higher_Mathematics" title="National Board for Higher Mathematics">National Board for Higher Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Education_Society" title="Atomic Energy Education Society">Atomic Energy Education Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Memorial_Centre" title="Tata Memorial Centre">Tata Memorial Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Excellence_in_Basic_Sciences" title="Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences">Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saha_Institute_of_Nuclear_Physics" title="Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics">Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Physics,_Bhubaneswar" title="Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar">Institute of Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harish-Chandra_Research_Institute" title="Harish-Chandra Research Institute">Harish-Chandra Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Mathematical_Sciences,_Chennai" title="Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai">Institute of Mathematical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Plasma_Research" title="Institute for Plasma Research">Institute for Plasma Research</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Ministry_of_Communications_(India)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministry_of_Communications_(India)" title="Template:Ministry of Communications (India)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ministry_of_Communications_(India)" title="Template talk:Ministry of Communications (India)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministry_of_Communications_(India)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministry of Communications (India)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Ministry_of_Communications_(India)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_(India)" title="Ministry of Communications (India)">Ministry of Communications (India)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Telecommunications" title="Department of Telecommunications">Department of Telecommunications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statutory Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecom_Disputes_Settlement_and_Appellate_Tribunal" title="Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal">Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal</a> (TDSAT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecom_Regulatory_Authority_of_India" title="Telecom Regulatory Authority of India">Telecom Regulatory Authority of India</a> (TRAI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attached Offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Controller General of Communication Accounts (CGCA)</li> <li>Director General Telecom (DGT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunication_Engineering_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunication Engineering Center">Telecommunication Engineering Center</a> (TEC)</li> <li>Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subordinate Offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>National Centre for Communication Security (NCCS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Monitoring_Organisation" title="Wireless Monitoring Organisation">Wireless Monitoring Organisation</a> (WMO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Field Offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Controller of Communication Accounts (CCA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Development_of_Telematics" title="Centre for Development of Telematics">Centre for Development of Telematics</a> (C-DOT)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Training Institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>National Telecommunications Institute for Policy Research Innovation Training (NTIPRIT)</li> <li>National Institute of Communication Finance (NICF)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Excellence_in_Telecom_Technology_and_Management" title="Centre for Excellence in Telecom Technology and Management">Centre for Excellence in Telecom Technology and Management</a></li> <li>Digital Communications Commission</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecom_Enforcement_Resource_and_Monitoring" title="Telecom Enforcement Resource and Monitoring">Telecom Enforcement Resource and Monitoring</a> (TERM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_Advisory_Committees" title="Telephone Advisory Committees">Telephone Advisory Committees</a> (TAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Planning_%26_Coordination_Wing" title="Wireless Planning & Coordination Wing">Wireless Planning & Coordination Wing</a> (WPC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PSUs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Broadband_Network" title="Bharat Broadband Network">Bharat Broadband Network Limited</a> (BBNL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Sanchar_Nigam_Limited" title="Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited">Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited</a> (BSNL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Telephone_Industries_Limited" title="Indian Telephone Industries Limited">Indian Telephone Industries Limited</a> (ITI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanagar_Telephone_Nigam_Limited" title="Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited">Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited</a> (MTNL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_Consultants_India_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications Consultants India Limited">Telecommunications Consultants India Limited</a> (TCIL)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil Service</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Telecommunication_Service" title="Indian Telecommunication Service">Indian Telecommunication Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Radio_Regulatory_Service" title="Indian Radio Regulatory Service">Indian Radio Regulatory Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Department of Posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Postal_Service_(India)" title="Army Postal Service (India)">Army Postal Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Post" title="India Post">India Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Post_Payments_Bank" title="India Post Payments Bank">India Post Payments Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Telegraph_Act,_1885" title="Indian Telegraph Act, 1885">The Indian Telegraph Act, 1885</a></li> <li>The Indian Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1940</li> <li>The Indian Post Office Act, 1898</li> <li>The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_Ahmed_Kidwai" title="Rafi Ahmed Kidwai">Rafi Ahmed Kidwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Kaur" title="Amrit Kaur">Amrit Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagjivan_Ram" title="Jagjivan Ram">Jagjivan Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Bahadur" title="Raj Bahadur">Raj Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._K._Patil" title="S. K. Patil">S. K. Patil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Subbarayan" title="P. Subbarayan">P. Subbarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashoke_Kumar_Sen" title="Ashoke Kumar Sen">Ashoke Kumar Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Narayan_Sinha" title="Satya Narayan Sinha">Satya Narayan Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Subhag_Singh" title="Ram Subhag Singh">Ram Subhag Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Singh" title="Sher Singh">Sher Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemvati_Nandan_Bahuguna" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna">Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasu_Brahmananda_Reddy" title="Kasu Brahmananda Reddy">Kasu Brahmananda Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankar_Dayal_Sharma" title="Shankar Dayal Sharma">Shankar Dayal Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkash_Singh_Badal" title="Parkash Singh Badal">Parkash Singh Badal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brij_Lal_Varma" title="Brij Lal Varma">Brij Lal Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyam_Nandan_Mishra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shyam Nandan Mishra">Shyam Nandan Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhishma_Narain_Singh" title="Bhishma Narain Singh">Bhishma Narain Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._M._Stephen" title="C. M. Stephen">C. M. Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anant_Prasad_Sharma" class="mw-redirect" title="Anant Prasad Sharma">Anant Prasad Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._N._Gadgil" class="mw-redirect" title="V. N. Gadgil">V. N. Gadgil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Singh_(politician,_born_1962)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arjun Singh (politician, born 1962)">Arjun Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Sathe" title="Vasant Sathe">Vasant Sathe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_Bahadur_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bir Bahadur Singh">Bir Bahadur Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._P._Unnikrishnan" title="K. P. Unnikrishnan">K. P. Unnikrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beni_Prasad_Verma" title="Beni Prasad Verma">Beni Prasad Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buta_Singh" title="Buta Singh">Buta Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushma_Swaraj" title="Sushma Swaraj">Sushma Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagmohan" title="Jagmohan">Jagmohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Vilas_Paswan" title="Ram Vilas Paswan">Ram Vilas Paswan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Mahajan" title="Pramod Mahajan">Pramod Mahajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Shourie" title="Arun Shourie">Arun Shourie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayanidhi_Maran" title="Dayanidhi Maran">Dayanidhi Maran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Raja" title="A. Raja">A. Raja</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapil_Sibal" title="Kapil Sibal">Kapil Sibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_Prasad" title="Ravi Shankar Prasad">Ravi Shankar Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashwini_Vaishnaw" title="Ashwini Vaishnaw">Ashwini Vaishnaw</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manoj_Sinha" title="Manoj Sinha">Manoj Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Shamrao_Dhotre" title="Sanjay Shamrao Dhotre">Sanjay Shamrao Dhotre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devusinh_Jesingbhai_Chauhan" title="Devusinh Jesingbhai Chauhan">Devusinh Jesingbhai Chauhan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b>Preceding Ministry:</b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_and_Information_Technology_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)">Ministry of Communications and Information Technology</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Ministry_of_Environment,_Forests_and_Climate_Change_(India)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministry_of_Environment,_Forests_and_Climate_Change_(India)" title="Template:Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (India)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ministry_of_Environment,_Forests_and_Climate_Change_(India)" title="Template talk:Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (India)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministry_of_Environment,_Forests_and_Climate_Change_(India)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (India)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Ministry_of_Environment,_Forests_and_Climate_Change_(India)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment,_Forest_and_Climate_Change" title="Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change">Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (India)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Zoo_Authority_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Zoo Authority of India">Central Zoo Authority of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Authority" title="National Biodiversity Authority">National Biodiversity Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Tiger_Conservation_Authority" title="National Tiger Conservation Authority">National Tiger Conservation Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subordinate offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_%26_Nicobar_Islands_Forest_and_Plantation_Development_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Andaman & Nicobar Islands Forest and Plantation Development Corporation">Andaman & Nicobar Islands Forest and Plantation Development Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Welfare_Board_of_India" title="Animal Welfare Board of India">Animal Welfare Board of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botanical_Survey_of_India" title="Botanical Survey of India">Botanical Survey of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Pollution_Control_Board" title="Central Pollution Control Board">Central Pollution Control Board</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_Information_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental Information System (page does not exist)">Environmental Information System</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha_State_Pollution_Control_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odisha State Pollution Control Board (page does not exist)">Odisha State Pollution Control Board</a></li> <li>Delhi Pollution Control Committee</li> <li>Directorate of Forest Education</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Survey_of_India" title="Forest Survey of India">Forest Survey of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_National_Forest_Academy" title="Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy">Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy</a></li> <li>National Afforestation and Eco-Development Board</li> <li>National Board of Wildlife</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Animal_Welfare" title="National Institute of Animal Welfare">National Institute of Animal Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History,_New_Delhi" title="National Museum of Natural History, New Delhi">National Museum of Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Zoological_Park_Delhi" title="National Zoological Park Delhi">National Zoological Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoological_Survey_of_India" title="Zoological Survey of India">Zoological Survey of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Crime_Control_Bureau" title="Wildlife Crime Control Bureau">Wildlife Crime Control Bureau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Environment_Education" title="Centre for Environment Education">Centre for Environment Education</a></li> <li>C. P. R. Environmental Education Centre, <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li>Centre for Animals and Environment, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li> <li>Centre of Excellence in Environmental Economics, Chennai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Revitalisation_of_Local_Health_Traditions" title="Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions">Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions</a></li> <li>Centre for Ecological Sciences, Bangalore</li> <li>Centre for Environmental Management of Degraded Ecosystem, Delhi</li> <li>Centre for Mining Environment, <a href="/wiki/Dhanbad" title="Dhanbad">Dhanbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1lim_Ali_Centre_for_Ornithology_and_Natural_History" title="Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History">Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Botanic_Garden_and_Research_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute">Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_for_Sustainable_Coastal_Management" title="National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management">National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>G. B.Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Almora</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Forest_Management" title="Indian Institute of Forest Management">Indian Institute of Forest Management</a></li> <li>Indian Plywood Industries Research and Training Institute, Bengaluru</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Council_of_Forestry_Research_and_Education" title="Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education">Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Institute_of_India" title="Wildlife Institute of India">Wildlife Institute of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribunal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Green_Tribunal" title="National Green Tribunal">National Green Tribunal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>CK Mishra <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan_Lal_Bishnoi" title="Bhajan Lal Bishnoi">Bhajan Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziaur_Rahman_Ansari" title="Ziaur Rahman Ansari">Ziaur Rahman Ansari</a><i>(As MoS, IC till 25 June 1988)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilamani_Routray" title="Nilamani Routray">Nilamani Routray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maneka_Gandhi" title="Maneka Gandhi">Maneka Gandhi</a><i>(MoS, IC)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Nath" title="Kamal Nath">Kamal Nath</a> <i>(MoS, IC)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajesh_Pilot" title="Rajesh Pilot">Rajesh Pilot</a> <i>(MoS, IC)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jai_Narain_Prasad_Nishad" title="Jai Narain Prasad Nishad">Jai Narain Prasad Nishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saifuddin_Soz" title="Saifuddin Soz">Saifuddin Soz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">H. D. Deve Gowda</a> <a href="/wiki/I._K._Gujral" class="mw-redirect" title="I. K. Gujral">I. K. Gujral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Prabhu" title="Suresh Prabhu">Suresh Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._R._Baalu" title="T. R. Baalu">T. R. Baalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Bais" title="Ramesh Bais">Ramesh Bais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Raja" title="A. Raja">A. Raja</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jairam_Ramesh" title="Jairam Ramesh">Jairam Ramesh</a><i>(MoS, IC)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanthi_Natarajan" title="Jayanthi Natarajan">Jayanthi Natarajan</a><i>(MoS, IC)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Veerappa_Moily" class="mw-redirect" title="M. Veerappa Moily">M. Veerappa Moily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prakash_Javdekar" class="mw-redirect" title="Prakash Javdekar">Prakash Javdekar</a><i>(MoS, IC)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Madhav_Dave" title="Anil Madhav Dave">Anil Madhav Dave</a><i>(MoS, IC)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsh_Vardhan_(Delhi_politician)" title="Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)">Dr. Harsh Vardhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prakash_Javdekar" class="mw-redirect" title="Prakash Javdekar">Prakash Javdekar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MoS</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahesh_Sharma" title="Mahesh Sharma">Mahesh Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babul_Supriyo" title="Babul Supriyo">Babul Supriyo</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Green_Tribunal_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="National Green Tribunal Act">National Green Tribunal Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil Service</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Forest_Service" title="Indian Forest Service">Indian Forest Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Deputy_Chairman_of_the_Planning_Commission" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Deputy_Chair_of_the_Planning_Commission" title="Template:Deputy Chair of the Planning Commission"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Deputy_Chair_of_the_Planning_Commission" title="Template talk:Deputy Chair of the Planning Commission"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Deputy_Chair_of_the_Planning_Commission" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Deputy Chair of the Planning Commission"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Deputy_Chairman_of_the_Planning_Commission" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chairman_of_the_Planning_Commission" title="Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission">Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulzari_Lal_Nanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulzari Lal Nanda">Gulzari Lal Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V.T._Krishnamachari" class="mw-redirect" title="V.T. Krishnamachari">V.T. Krishnamachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C.M._Trivedi" class="mw-redirect" title="C.M. Trivedi">C.M. Trivedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Mehta" title="Ashok Mehta">Ashok Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D.R._Gadgil" class="mw-redirect" title="D.R. Gadgil">D.R. Gadgil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Subramaniam" class="mw-redirect" title="C. Subramaniam">C. Subramaniam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Prasad_Dhar" title="Durga Prasad Dhar">Durga Prasad Dhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P.N._Haksar" class="mw-redirect" title="P.N. Haksar">P.N. Haksar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D.T._Lakdawala" class="mw-redirect" title="D.T. Lakdawala">D.T. Lakdawala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N.D._Tiwari" class="mw-redirect" title="N.D. Tiwari">N.D. Tiwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S.B._Chavan" class="mw-redirect" title="S.B. Chavan">S.B. Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prakash_Chandra_Sethi" title="Prakash Chandra Sethi">Prakash Chandra Sethi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P.V._Narasimha_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="P.V. Narasimha Rao">P.V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Shiv_Shankar" title="P. Shiv Shankar">P. Shiv Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhav_Singh_Solanki" title="Madhav Singh Solanki">Madhav Singh Solanki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Hegde" title="Ramakrishna Hegde">Ramakrishna Hegde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhu_Dandavate" title="Madhu Dandavate">Madhu Dandavate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Dharia" title="Mohan Dharia">Mohan Dharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhu_Dandavate" title="Madhu Dandavate">Madhu Dandavate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh">Jaswant Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K.C._Pant" class="mw-redirect" title="K.C. Pant">K.C. Pant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montek_Singh_Ahluwalia" title="Montek Singh Ahluwalia">Montek Singh Ahluwalia</a> (2004 -)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Governors_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Template:Governors of the Reserve Bank of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Template talk:Governors of the Reserve Bank of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of the Reserve Bank of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Governors_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="List of governors of the Reserve Bank of India">Governors</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Seal of the Reserve Bank of India"><img alt="Seal of the Reserve Bank of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Seal_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India.svg/85px-Seal_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Seal_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India.svg/128px-Seal_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Seal_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India.svg/170px-Seal_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Osborne_Smith" title="Osborne Smith">Osborne Smith</a> (1935–37)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/James_Braid_Taylor" title="James Braid Taylor">James Braid Taylor</a> (1937–43)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/C._D._Deshmukh" title="C. D. Deshmukh">C. D. Deshmukh</a> (1943–49)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Benegal_Rama_Rau" title="Benegal Rama Rau">Benegal Rama Rau</a> (1949–57)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._G._Ambegaonkar" title="K. G. Ambegaonkar">K. G. Ambegaonkar</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._V._R._Iengar" title="H. V. R. Iengar">H. V. R. Iengar</a> (1957–62)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._C._Bhattacharya" title="P. C. Bhattacharya">P. C. Bhattacharya</a> (1962–67)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Kant_Jha" title="Lakshmi Kant Jha">Lakshmi Kant Jha</a> (1967–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._N._Adarkar" title="B. N. Adarkar">B. N. Adarkar</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarukkai_Jagannathan" title="Sarukkai Jagannathan">Sarukkai Jagannathan</a> (1970–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._C._Sen_Gupta" title="N. C. Sen Gupta">N. C. Sen Gupta</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._R._Puri" title="K. R. Puri">K. R. Puri</a> (1975–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Narasimham" title="M. Narasimham">M. Narasimham</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._G._Patel" title="I. G. Patel">I. G. Patel</a> (1977–82)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manmohan Singh</a> (1982–85)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitav_Ghosh_(banker)" title="Amitav Ghosh (banker)">Amitav Ghosh</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._N._Malhotra" title="R. N. Malhotra">R. N. Malhotra</a> (1985–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Venkitaramanan" title="S. Venkitaramanan">S. Venkitaramanan</a> (1990–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rangarajan" title="C. Rangarajan">C. Rangarajan</a> (1992–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimal_Jalan" title="Bimal Jalan">Bimal Jalan</a> (1997–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y._V._Reddy" title="Y. V. Reddy">Y. V. Reddy</a> (2003–08)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvvuri_Subbarao" title="Duvvuri Subbarao">Duvvuri Subbarao</a> (2008–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghuram_Rajan" title="Raghuram Rajan">Raghuram Rajan</a> (2013–16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urjit_Patel" title="Urjit Patel">Urjit Patel</a> (2016–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktikanta_Das" title="Shaktikanta Das">Shaktikanta Das</a> (2018–present)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_National_Congress_25px" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_National_Congress" title="Template:Indian National Congress"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg/38px-Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg/50px-Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="562" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="History of the Indian National Congress">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="History of the Indian National Congress">History of the Indian National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="Electoral history of the Indian National Congress">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru%E2%80%93Gandhi_family" title="Nehru–Gandhi family">Nehru–Gandhi family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">The Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Organisation)" title="Indian National Congress (Organisation)">Indian National Congress (Organisation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(R)" title="Indian National Congress (R)">Indian National Congress (R)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian National Congress (I)">Indian National Congress (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_National_Congress_breakaway_parties" title="List of Indian National Congress breakaway parties">Breakaway parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of the Indian National Congress">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Congress_Committee" title="All India Congress Committee">All India Congress Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Working_Committee" title="Congress Working Committee">Congress Working Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Pradesh Congress Committee">Regional <br />Congress <br /> Committee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pradesh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Arunachal Pradesh Congress Committee">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Assam Pradesh Congress Committee">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Bihar Pradesh Congress Committee">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Chhattisgarh Pradesh Congress Committee">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Delhi Pradesh Congress Committee">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Goa Pradesh Congress Committee">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Gujarat Pradesh Congress Committee">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Haryana Pradesh Congress Committee">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Himachal Pradesh Congress Committee">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Jammu and Kashmir Pradesh Congress Committee">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Jharkhand Pradesh Congress Committee">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Madhya Pradesh Congress Committee"> Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Manipur Pradesh Congress Committee">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Meghalaya Pradesh Congress Committee">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Nagaland Pradesh Congress Committee">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Puducherry Pradesh Congress Committee">Puducherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Sikkim Pradesh Congress Committee">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Congress_Committee" title="Tamil Nadu Congress Committee">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Telangana Pradesh Congress Committee">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Uttarakhand Pradesh Congress Committee">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Uttar Pradesh Congress Committee">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territorial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Territorial_Congress_Committee" title="Andaman and Nicobar Territorial Congress Committee">Andaman and Nicobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh_Territorial_Congress_Committee" title="Chandigarh Territorial Congress Committee">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu_Territorial_Congress_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Territorial Congress Committee">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_Territorial_Congress_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli Territorial Congress Committee">Dadra and Nagar Haveli Diu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daman_and_Diu_Territorial_Congress_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Daman and Diu Territorial Congress Committee">Daman and Diu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh_Territorial_Congress_Committee" title="Ladakh Territorial Congress Committee">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep_Territorial_Congress_Committee" title="Lakshadweep Territorial Congress Committee">Lakshadweep</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Regional_Congress_Committee" title="Mumbai Regional Congress Committee">Mumbai RCC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of the Indian National Congress">Presidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Womesh_Chunder_Bonnerjee" title="Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee">Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Dadabhai Naoroji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badruddin_Tyabji" title="Badruddin Tyabji">Badruddin Tyabji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Yule_(businessman)" title="George Yule (businessman)">George Yule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wedderburn" title="William Wedderburn">William Wedderburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pherozeshah_Mehta" title="Pherozeshah Mehta">Pherozeshah Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandacharlu" class="mw-redirect" title="Anandacharlu">Anandacharlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womesh_Chunder_Bonnerjee" title="Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee">Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Dadabhai Naoroji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Webb" title="Alfred Webb">Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surendranath_Banerjee" title="Surendranath Banerjee">Surendranath Banerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahimtulla_M._Sayani" title="Rahimtulla M. Sayani">Rahimtulla M. Sayani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Sankaran_Nair" title="C. Sankaran Nair">C. Sankaran Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamohan_Bose" title="Anandamohan Bose">Anandamohan Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romesh_Chunder_Dutt" title="Romesh Chunder Dutt">Romesh Chunder Dutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._G._Chandavarkar" title="N. G. Chandavarkar">N. G. Chandavarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinshaw_Edulji_Wacha" title="Dinshaw Edulji Wacha">Dinshaw Edulji Wacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surendranath_Banerjee" title="Surendranath Banerjee">Surendranath Banerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalmohan_Ghosh" title="Lalmohan Ghosh">Lalmohan Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cotton_(civil_servant)" title="Henry Cotton (civil servant)">Henry Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale" title="Gopal Krishna Gokhale">Gopal Krishna Gokhale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Dadabhai Naoroji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_Behari_Ghosh" title="Rash Behari Ghosh">Rash Behari Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Mohan_Malaviya" title="Madan Mohan Malaviya">Madan Mohan Malaviya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wedderburn" title="William Wedderburn">William Wedderburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishan_Narayan_Dar" title="Bishan Narayan Dar">Bishan Narayan Dar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunath_Narasinha_Mudholkar" title="Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar">Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawab_Syed_Muhammad_Bahadur" title="Nawab Syed Muhammad Bahadur">Nawab Syed Muhammad Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendra_Nath_Bose" title="Bhupendra Nath Bose">Bhupendra Nath Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Prasanna_Sinha,_1st_Baron_Sinha" title="Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha">Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambica_Charan_Mazumdar" title="Ambica Charan Mazumdar">Ambica Charan Mazumdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Mohan_Malaviya" title="Madan Mohan Malaviya">Madan Mohan Malaviya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Hasan_Imam" title="Syed Hasan Imam">Syed Hasan Imam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motilal_Nehru" title="Motilal Nehru">Motilal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai" title="Lala Lajpat Rai">Lala Lajpat Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Vijayaraghavachariar" title="C. Vijayaraghavachariar">C. Vijayaraghavachariar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakim_Ajmal_Khan" title="Hakim Ajmal Khan">Hakim Ajmal Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittaranjan_Das" title="Chittaranjan Das">Chittaranjan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Jauhar" title="Mohammad Ali Jauhar">Mohammad Ali Jauhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Kalam Azad">Abul Kalam Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu">Sarojini Naidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Srinivasa_Iyengar" title="S. Srinivasa Iyengar">S. Srinivasa Iyengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Ahmed_Ansari" title="Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari">Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motilal_Nehru" title="Motilal Nehru">Motilal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Mohan_Malaviya" title="Madan Mohan Malaviya">Madan Mohan Malaviya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Sengupta" title="Nellie Sengupta">Nellie Sengupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Kalam Azad">Abul Kalam Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Kripalani" title="J. B. Kripalani">J. B. Kripalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhogaraju_Pattabhi_Sitaramayya" title="Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya">Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purushottam_Das_Tandon" title="Purushottam Das Tandon">Purushottam Das Tandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U._N._Dhebar" title="U. N. Dhebar">U. N. Dhebar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neelam_Sanjiva_Reddy" title="Neelam Sanjiva Reddy">Neelam Sanjiva Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Kamaraj" title="K. Kamaraj">K. Kamaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Nijalingappa" title="S. Nijalingappa">S. Nijalingappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagjivan_Ram" title="Jagjivan Ram">Jagjivan Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankar_Dayal_Sharma" title="Shankar Dayal Sharma">Shankar Dayal Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._K._Barooah" title="D. K. Barooah">D. K. Barooah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitaram_Kesri" title="Sitaram Kesri">Sitaram Kesri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Gandhi" title="Sonia Gandhi">Sonia Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Gandhi" title="Rahul Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallikarjun_Kharge" title="Mallikarjun Kharge">Mallikarjun Kharge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of prime ministers of India">Prime ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulzarilal_Nanda" title="Gulzarilal Nanda">Gulzarilal Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manmohan Singh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lok Sabha</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulzarilal_Nanda" title="Gulzarilal Nanda">Gulzarilal Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Narayan_Sinha" title="Satya Narayan Sinha">Satya Narayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._M._Stephen" title="C. M. Stephen">Chembakassery Mathai Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Singh_(Madhya_Pradesh_politician)" title="Arjun Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)">Arjun Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharad_Pawar" title="Sharad Pawar">Sharad Pawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Gandhi" title="Sonia Gandhi">Sonia Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushilkumar_Shinde" title="Sushilkumar Shinde">Sushilkumar Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adhir_Ranjan_Chowdhury" title="Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury">Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravneet_Singh_Bittu" title="Ravneet Singh Bittu">Ravneet Singh Bittu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Gandhi" title="Rahul Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rajya Sabha</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N._Gopalaswamy_Ayyangar" class="mw-redirect" title="N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar">N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charu_Chandra_Biswas" title="Charu Chandra Biswas">Charu Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Ballabh_Pant" title="Govind Ballabh Pant">Govind Ballabh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Mohamad_Ibrahim" title="Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim">Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaisukhlal_Hathi" title="Jaisukhlal Hathi">Jaisukhlal Hathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._C._Chagla" title="M. C. Chagla">M. C. Chagla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaisukhlal_Hathi" title="Jaisukhlal Hathi">Jaisukhlal Hathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodardas_Kalidas_Shah" title="Kodardas Kalidas Shah">Kodardas Kalidas Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_Shankar_Dikshit" title="Uma Shankar Dikshit">Uma Shankar Dikshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamalapati_Tripathi" title="Kamalapati Tripathi">Kamalapati Tripathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Pratap_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwanath Pratap Singh">V.P. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayan_Dutt_Tiwari" class="mw-redirect" title="Narayan Dutt Tiwari">Narayan Dutt Tiwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Shiv_Shankar" title="P. Shiv Shankar">P. Shiv Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankarrao_Chavan" title="Shankarrao Chavan">Shankarrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motilal_Vora" title="Motilal Vora">Motilal Vora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Patel" title="Ahmed Patel">Ahmed Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Sharma" title="Anand Sharma">Anand Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jairam_Ramesh" title="Jairam Ramesh">Jairam Ramesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Antony" title="A. K. Antony">A. K. Antony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digvijaya_Singh" title="Digvijaya Singh">Digvijaya Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhishek_Singhvi" title="Abhishek Singhvi">Abhishek Singhvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajeev_Shukla" title="Rajeev Shukla">Rajeev Shukla</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Nabi_Azad" title="Ghulam Nabi Azad">Ghulam Nabi Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallikarjun_Kharge" title="Mallikarjun Kharge">Mallikarjun Kharge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seva_Dal" title="Seva Dal">Seva Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Mahila_Congress" title="All India Mahila Congress">All India Mahila Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Youth_Congress" title="Indian Youth Congress">Indian Youth Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Students%27_Union_of_India" title="National Students' Union of India">National Students' Union of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Trade_Union_Congress" title="Indian National Trade Union Congress">Indian National Trade Union Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Professionals_Congress" title="All India Professionals Congress">All India Professionals Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_from_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="List of chief ministers from the Indian National Congress">Chief ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sukhvinder_Singh_Sukhu" title="Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu">Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddaramaiah" title="Siddaramaiah">Siddaramaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revanth_Reddy" title="Revanth Reddy">Anumula Revanth Reddy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_National_Congress" title="Category:Indian National Congress">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_Padma_Vibhushan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Padma_Vibhushan_Awards" title="Template:Padma Vibhushan Awards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Padma_Vibhushan_Awards" title="Template talk:Padma Vibhushan Awards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Padma_Vibhushan_Awards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Padma Vibhushan Awards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_Padma_Vibhushan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Vibhushan_award_recipients" title="List of Padma Vibhushan award recipients">Recipients</a> of <a href="/wiki/Padma_Vibhushan" title="Padma Vibhushan">Padma Vibhushan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Alkazi" title="Ebrahim Alkazi">Ebrahim Alkazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishori_Amonkar" title="Kishori Amonkar">Kishori Amonkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabha_Atre" title="Prabha Atre">Prabha Atre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan" title="Amitabh Bachchan">Amitabh Bachchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teejan_Bai" title="Teejan Bai">Teejan Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Balamuralikrishna" title="M. Balamuralikrishna">M. Balamuralikrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balasaraswati" title="Balasaraswati">T. Balasaraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._P._Balasubrahmanyam" title="S. P. Balasubrahmanyam">S. P. Balasubrahmanyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asha_Bhosle" title="Asha Bhosle">Asha Bhosle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandalal_Bose" title="Nandalal Bose">Nandalal Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariprasad_Chaurasia" title="Hariprasad Chaurasia">Hariprasad Chaurasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiranjeevi" title="Chiranjeevi">Chiranjeevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girija_Devi" title="Girija Devi">Girija Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumar_Gandharva" title="Kumar Gandharva">Kumar Gandharva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoor_Gopalakrishnan" title="Adoor Gopalakrishnan">Adoor Gopalakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Gujral" title="Satish Gujral">Satish Gujral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangubai_Hangal" title="Gangubai Hangal">Gangubai Hangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupen_Hazarika" title="Bhupen Hazarika">Bhupen Hazarika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._F._Husain" title="M. F. Husain">M. F. Husain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakir_Hussain_(musician)" title="Zakir Hussain (musician)">Zakir Hussain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilaiyaraaja" title="Ilaiyaraaja">Ilaiyaraaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semmangudi_Srinivasa_Iyer" title="Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer">Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhimsen_Joshi" title="Bhimsen Joshi">Bhimsen Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Akbar_Khan" title="Ali Akbar Khan">Ali Akbar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amjad_Ali_Khan" title="Amjad Ali Khan">Amjad Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allauddin_Khan" title="Allauddin Khan">Allauddin Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismillah_Khan" title="Bismillah Khan">Bismillah Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Mustafa_Khan_(singer)" title="Ghulam Mustafa Khan (singer)">Ghulam Mustafa Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamini_Krishnamurthy" title="Yamini Krishnamurthy">Yamini Krishnamurthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilip_Kumar" title="Dilip Kumar">Dilip Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Laxman" title="R. K. Laxman">R. K. Laxman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birju_Maharaj" title="Birju Maharaj">Birju Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishan_Maharaj" title="Kishan Maharaj">Kishan Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lata_Mangeshkar" title="Lata Mangeshkar">Lata Mangeshkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonal_Mansingh" title="Sonal Mansingh">Sonal Mansingh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallikarjun_Mansur" title="Mallikarjun Mansur">Mallikarjun Mansur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zubin_Mehta" title="Zubin Mehta">Zubin Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Miranda" title="Mario Miranda">Mario Miranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhannulal_Mishra" title="Chhannulal Mishra">Chhannulal Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelucharan_Mohapatra" title="Kelucharan Mohapatra">Kelucharan Mohapatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunath_Mohapatra" title="Raghunath Mohapatra">Raghunath Mohapatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasraj" title="Jasraj">Jasraj Motiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benode_Behari_Mukherjee" title="Benode Behari Mukherjee">Benode Behari Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrishikesh_Mukherjee" title="Hrishikesh Mukherjee">Hrishikesh Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajinikanth" title="Rajinikanth">Rajinikanth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Narayan" title="Ram Narayan">Ram Narayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._K._Pattammal" title="D. K. Pattammal">D. K. Pattammal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Shankar_Pillai" title="K. Shankar Pillai">K. Shankar Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balwant_Moreshwar_Purandare" class="mw-redirect" title="Balwant Moreshwar Purandare">Balwant Moreshwar Purandare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkineni_Nageswara_Rao" title="Akkineni Nageswara Rao">Akkineni Nageswara Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaloji_Narayana_Rao" title="Kaloji Narayana Rao">Kaloji Narayana Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._H._Raza" title="S. H. Raza">S. H. Raza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zohra_Sehgal" title="Zohra Sehgal">Zohra Sehgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uday_Shankar" title="Uday Shankar">Uday Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Shantaram" title="V. Shantaram">V. Shantaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivkumar_Sharma" title="Shivkumar Sharma">Shivkumar Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayalpuram_K._Sivaraman" title="Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman">Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Subbulakshmi" title="M. S. Subbulakshmi">M. S. Subbulakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._G._Subramanyan" title="K. G. Subramanyan">K. G. Subramanyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapila_Vatsyayan" title="Kapila Vatsyayan">Kapila Vatsyayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homai_Vyarawalla" title="Homai Vyarawalla">Homai Vyarawalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._J._Yesudas" title="K. J. Yesudas">K. J. Yesudas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Civil service</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bimala_Prasad_Chaliha" title="Bimala Prasad Chaliha">Bimala Prasad Chaliha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naresh_Chandra" title="Naresh Chandra">Naresh Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._N._Chaturvedi" title="T. N. Chaturvedi">T. N. Chaturvedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanto_Nath_Chaudhuri" title="Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri">Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suranjan_Das" title="Suranjan Das">Suranjan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajeshwar_Dayal" title="Rajeshwar Dayal">Rajeshwar Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basanti_Devi" title="Basanti Devi">Basanti Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._N._Dhar" title="P. N. Dhar">P. N. Dhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotindra_Nath_Dixit" title="Jyotindra Nath Dixit">Jyotindra Nath Dixit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Gill" title="M. S. Gill">M. S. Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Mohamad_Ibrahim" title="Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim">Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._V._R._Iyengar" class="mw-redirect" title="H. V. R. Iyengar">H. V. R. Iyengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhola_Nath_Jha" title="Bhola Nath Jha">Bhola Nath Jha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._S._Joshi" title="D. S. Joshi">Dattatraya Shridhar Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajudhiya_Nath_Khosla" title="Ajudhiya Nath Khosla">Ajudhiya Nath Khosla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anand_Krishna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anand Krishna (page does not exist)">Rai Krishnadasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Krishnamurthy" title="V. Krishnamurthy">V. Krishnamurthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramasiva_Prabhakar_Kumaramangalam" title="Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam">P. Prabhakar Kumaramangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratap_Chandra_Lal" title="Pratap Chandra Lal">Pratap Chandra Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._B._Lall" title="K. B. Lall">K. B. Lall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Manekshaw" title="Sam Manekshaw">Sam Manekshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om_Prakash_Mehra" title="Om Prakash Mehra">Om Prakash Mehra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Sinha_Mehta" title="Mohan Sinha Mehta">Mohan Sinha Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._G._K._Menon" title="M. G. K. Menon">M. G. K. Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brajesh_Mishra" title="Brajesh Mishra">Brajesh Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumati_Morarjee" title="Sumati Morarjee">Sumati Morarjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcot_Ramasamy_Mudaliar" title="Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar">A. Ramasamy Mudaliar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardarilal_Mathradas_Nanda" title="Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda">Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakravarthi_V._Narasimhan" title="Chakravarthi V. Narasimhan">Chakravarthi V. Narasimhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braj_Kumar_Nehru" title="Braj Kumar Nehru">Braj Kumar Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._D._Pande" title="B. D. Pande">Bhairab Dutt Pande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghananand_Pande" title="Ghananand Pande">Ghananand Pande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Lakshmi_Pandit" title="Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit">Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._V._Rajeswar" title="T. V. Rajeswar">T. V. Rajeswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._R._Krishnaswamy_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao">C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._R._Rao" title="P. V. R. Rao">Pattadakal Venkanna R. Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._R._Varadaraja_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="V. K. R. Varadaraja Rao">V. K. R. V. Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipin_Rawat" title="Bipin Rawat">Bipin Rawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khusro_Faramurz_Rustamji" title="Khusro Faramurz Rustamji">Khusro Faramurz Rustamji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harish_Chandra_Sarin" title="Harish Chandra Sarin">Harish Chandra Sarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binay_Ranjan_Sen" title="Binay Ranjan Sen">Binay Ranjan Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homi_Sethna" title="Homi Sethna">Homi Sethna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjan_Singh" title="Arjan Singh">Arjan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbaksh_Singh" title="Harbaksh Singh">Harbaksh Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Kirpal_Singh_Ji_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Sant Kirpal Singh Ji Maharaj">Kirpal Singh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarlok_Singh_(economist)" title="Tarlok Singh (economist)">Tarlok Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lallan_Prasad_Singh" title="Lallan Prasad Singh">Lallan Prasad Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Sivaraman" title="B. Sivaraman">Balaram Sivaraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrika_Prasad_Srivastava" title="Chandrika Prasad Srivastava">Chandrika Prasad Srivastava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Swaminathan" title="T. Swaminathan">T. Swaminathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Shridhar_Vaidya" title="Arun Shridhar Vaidya">Arun Shridhar Vaidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_Vira" title="Dharma Vira">Dharma Vira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narinder_Nath_Vohra" title="Narinder Nath Vohra">Narinder Nath Vohra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Literature and <br />education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V._S._R._Arunachalam" title="V. S. R. Arunachalam">V. S. R. Arunachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdish_Bhagwati" title="Jagdish Bhagwati">Jagdish Bhagwati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose" title="Satyendra Nath Bose">Satyendra Nath Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_Chand_(archaeologist)" title="Tara Chand (archaeologist)">Tara Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suniti_Kumar_Chatterji" title="Suniti Kumar Chatterji">Suniti Kumar Chatterji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._P._Chattopadhyaya" title="D. P. Chattopadhyaya">D. P. Chattopadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhabatosh_Datta" title="Bhabatosh Datta">Bhabatosh Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avinash_Dixit" title="Avinash Dixit">Avinash Dixit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasweta_Devi" title="Mahasweta Devi">Mahasweta Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">John Kenneth Galbraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Gopal" title="Sarvepalli Gopal">Sarvepalli Gopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshman_Shastri_Joshi" title="Lakshman Shastri Joshi">Lakshman Shastri Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaka_Kalelkar" title="Kaka Kalelkar">Kaka Kalelkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karve" title="Dhondo Keshav Karve">Dhondo Keshav Karve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopinath_Kaviraj" title="Gopinath Kaviraj">Gopinath Kaviraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radheshyam_Khemka" title="Radheshyam Khemka">Radheshyam Khemka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuvempu" title="Kuvempu">Kuvempu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O._N._V._Kurup" title="O. N. V. Kurup">O. N. V. Kurup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasanta_Chandra_Mahalanobis" title="Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis">Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitakant_Mahapatra" title="Sitakant Mahapatra">Sitakant Mahapatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mathai" class="mw-redirect" title="John Mathai">John Mathai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotha_Satchidananda_Murthy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotha Satchidananda Murthy">Kotha Satchidananda Murthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giani_Gurmukh_Singh_Musafir" class="mw-redirect" title="Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir">Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basanti_Dulal_Nagchaudhuri" title="Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri">Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Ram_Nanda" title="Bal Ram Nanda">Bal Ram Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Narayan" title="R. K. Narayan">R. K. Narayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Parameswaran" title="P. Parameswaran">P. Parameswaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrita_Pritam" title="Amrita Pritam">Amrita Pritam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._N._Raj" title="K. N. Raj">K. N. Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rangarajan" title="C. Rangarajan">C. Rangarajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Rao" title="Raja Rao">Raja Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramoji_Rao" title="Ramoji Rao">Ramoji Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormasji_Maneckji_Seervai" title="Hormasji Maneckji Seervai">Hormasji Maneckji Seervai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajaram_Shastri" title="Rajaram Shastri">Rajaram Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._L._Shrimali" title="K. L. Shrimali">Kalu Lal Shrimali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govindbhai_Shroff" title="Govindbhai Shroff">Govindbhai Shroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushwant_Singh" title="Khushwant Singh">Khushwant Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandeshwar_Prasad_Narayan_Singh" title="Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh">Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premlila_Vithaldas_Thackersey" title="Premlila Vithaldas Thackersey">Premlila Vithaldas Thackersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi_Varma" title="Mahadevi Varma">Mahadevi Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashir_Hussain_Zaidi" title="Bashir Hussain Zaidi">Bashir Hussain Zaidi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Medicine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jasbir_Singh_Bajaj" title="Jasbir Singh Bajaj">Jasbir Singh Bajaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._K._Goyal" title="B. K. Goyal">B. K. Goyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purshotam_Lal" title="Purshotam Lal">Purshotam Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Lakshmanaswami_Mudaliar" title="A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar">A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._I._Padmavati" title="S. I. Padmavati">S. I. Padmavati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autar_Singh_Paintal" title="Autar Singh Paintal">Autar Singh Paintal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantilal_Hastimal_Sancheti" title="Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti">Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balu_Sankaran" title="Balu Sankaran">Balu Sankaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Shanta" title="V. Shanta">V. Shanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithal_Nagesh_Shirodkar" title="Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar">Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prakash_Narain_Tandon" title="Prakash Narain Tandon">Prakash Narain Tandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihaspati_Dev_Triguna" title="Brihaspati Dev Triguna">Brihaspati Dev Triguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Valiathan" title="M. S. Valiathan">M. S. Valiathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilip_Mahalanabis" title="Dilip Mahalanabis">Dilip Mahalanabis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunderlal_Bahuguna" title="Sunderlal Bahuguna">Sunderlal Bahuguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">B. K. S. Iyengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rambhadracharya" title="Rambhadracharya">Rambhadracharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_(spiritual_leader)" title="Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwesha_Teertha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwesha Teertha">Vishwesha Teertha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaggi_Vasudev" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaggi Vasudev">Jaggi Vasudev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._V._Doshi" title="B. V. Doshi">B. V. Doshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Public affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montek_Singh_Ahluwalia" title="Montek Singh Ahluwalia">Montek Singh Ahluwalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruna_Asaf_Ali" title="Aruna Asaf Ali">Aruna Asaf Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazal_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Fazal Ali">Fazal Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adarsh_Sein_Anand" title="Adarsh Sein Anand">Adarsh Sein Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhav_Shrihari_Aney" title="Madhav Shrihari Aney">Madhav Shrihari Aney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkash_Singh_Badal" title="Parkash Singh Badal">Parkash Singh Badal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikander_Bakht" title="Sikander Bakht">Sikander Bakht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milon_K._Banerji" title="Milon K. Banerji">Milon K. Banerji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Hameedullah_Beg" title="Mirza Hameedullah Beg">Mirza Hameedullah Beg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._N._Bhagwati" title="P. N. Bhagwati">P. N. Bhagwati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Chelliah" title="Raja Chelliah">Raja Chelliah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._K._Daphtary" title="C. K. Daphtary">Chandra Kisan Daphtary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niren_De" title="Niren De">Niren De</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Deshmukh" title="C. D. Deshmukh">C. D. Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Lancelot_Dias" title="Anthony Lancelot Dias">Anthony Lancelot Dias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_Shankar_Dikshit" title="Uma Shankar Dikshit">Uma Shankar Dikshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazi_Lhendup_Dorjee" title="Kazi Lhendup Dorjee">Kazi Lhendup Dorjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._B._Gajendragadkar" title="P. B. Gajendragadkar">P. B. Gajendragadkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gilman" title="Benjamin Gilman">Benjamin Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%AFl_Omar_Guelleh" title="Ismaïl Omar Guelleh">Ismaïl Omar Guelleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakir_Husain_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zakir Husain (politician)">Zakir Husain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._R._Krishna_Iyer" title="V. R. Krishna Iyer">V. R. Krishna Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagmohan" title="Jagmohan">Jagmohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Chand_Jain" title="Lakshmi Chand Jain">Lakshmi Chand Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Jaitley" title="Arun Jaitley">Arun Jaitley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditya_Nath_Jha" title="Aditya Nath Jha">Aditya Nath Jha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murli_Manohar_Joshi" title="Murli Manohar Joshi">Murli Manohar Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anerood_Jugnauth" title="Anerood Jugnauth">Anerood Jugnauth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Nawaz_Jung" title="Mehdi Nawaz Jung">Mehdi Nawaz Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Yavar_Jung" title="Ali Yavar Jung">Ali Yavar Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Kelkar" title="Vijay Kelkar">Vijay Kelkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Raj_Khanna" title="Hans Raj Khanna">Hans Raj Khanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._N._Khare" title="V. N. Khare">V. N. Khare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._G._Kher" title="B. G. Kher">Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhlaqur_Rahman_Kidwai" title="Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai">Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jivraj_Narayan_Mehta" title="Jivraj Narayan Mehta">Jivraj Narayan Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Krishna_Menon" title="V. K. Krishna Menon">V. K. Krishna Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirendranath_Mukherjee" title="Hirendranath Mukherjee">Hirendranath Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajoy_Mukherjee" title="Ajoy Mukherjee">Ajoy Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmaja_Naidu" title="Padmaja Naidu">Padmaja Naidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkaiah_Naidu" title="Venkaiah Naidu">Venkaiah Naidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulzarilal_Nanda" title="Gulzarilal Nanda">Gulzarilal Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Narain" title="Govind Narain">Govind Narain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fali_Sam_Nariman" title="Fali Sam Nariman">Fali Sam Nariman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosei_Norota" title="Hosei Norota">Hosei Norota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanabhoy_Palkhivala" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanabhoy Palkhivala">Nanabhoy Palkhivala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Parasaran" title="K. Parasaran">K. Parasaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Vinayak_Pataskar" title="Hari Vinayak Pataskar">Hari Vinayak Pataskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunder_Lal_Patwa" title="Sunder Lal Patwa">Sunder Lal Patwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharad_Pawar" title="Sharad Pawar">Sharad Pawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._R._Pillai" title="N. R. Pillai">Naryana Raghvan Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Prakasa" title="Sri Prakasa">Sri Prakasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._G._Ranga" title="N. G. Ranga">N. G. Ranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Narayana_Reddy" title="Ravi Narayana Reddy">Ravi Narayana Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y._Venugopal_Reddy" class="mw-redirect" title="Y. Venugopal Reddy">Y. Venugopal Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Mohammed_Sadiq" title="Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq">Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Sahgal" title="Lakshmi Sahgal">Lakshmi Sahgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._A._Sangma" title="P. A. Sangma">P. A. Sangma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._C._Setalvad" title="M. C. Setalvad">M. C. Setalvad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyan_Singh" title="Kalyan Singh">Kalyan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karan_Singh" title="Karan Singh">Karan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagendra_Singh" title="Nagendra Singh">Nagendra Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaran_Singh" title="Swaran Singh">Swaran Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sisulu" title="Walter Sisulu">Walter Sisulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soli_Sorabjee" title="Soli Sorabjee">Soli Sorabjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyan_Sundaram" title="Kalyan Sundaram">Kalyan Sundaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushma_Swaraj" title="Sushma Swaraj">Sushma Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandulal_Madhavlal_Trivedi" title="Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi">Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._N._Venkatachaliah" title="M. N. Venkatachaliah">M. N. Venkatachaliah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._K._Venugopal" title="K. K. Venugopal">Kottayan Katankot Venugopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigme_Dorji_Wangchuck" title="Jigme Dorji Wangchuck">Jigme Dorji Wangchuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._M._Krishna" title="S. M. Krishna">S. M. Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulayam_Singh_Yadav" title="Mulayam Singh Yadav">Mulayam Singh Yadav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Science and <br />engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Aatre" title="V. K. Aatre">V. K. Aatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Ali" title="Salim Ali">Salim Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajagopala_Chidambaram" title="Rajagopala Chidambaram">Rajagopala Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Correa" title="Charles Correa">Charles Correa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Dhawan" title="Satish Dhawan">Satish Dhawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Kakodkar" title="Anil Kakodkar">Anil Kakodkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam" title="A. P. J. Abdul Kalam">A. P. J. Abdul Kalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaswamy_Kasturirangan" title="Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan">Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Gobind Khorana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daulat_Singh_Kothari" title="Daulat Singh Kothari">Daulat Singh Kothari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verghese_Kurien" title="Verghese Kurien">Verghese Kurien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunath_Anant_Mashelkar" title="Raghunath Anant Mashelkar">Raghunath Anant Mashelkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Madhavan_Nair" title="G. Madhavan Nair">G. Madhavan Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roddam_Narasimha" title="Roddam Narasimha">Roddam Narasimha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayant_Narlikar" title="Jayant Narlikar">Jayant Narlikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_K._Pachauri" title="Rajendra K. Pachauri">Rajendra K. Pachauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Peary_Pal" title="Benjamin Peary Pal">Benjamin Peary Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yash_Pal" title="Yash Pal">Yash Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._G._Patel" title="I. G. Patel">I. G. Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" class="mw-redirect" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._R._Ramanathan" title="K. R. Ramanathan">K. R. Ramanathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Ramanna" title="Raja Ramanna">Raja Ramanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._R._Rao" title="C. R. Rao">C. R. Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._N._R._Rao" title="C. N. R. Rao">C. N. R. Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palle_Rama_Rao" title="Palle Rama Rao">Palle Rama Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udupi_Ramachandra_Rao" title="Udupi Ramachandra Rao">Udupi Ramachandra Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Sarabhai" title="Vikram Sarabhai">Vikram Sarabhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Mohan_Sharma" title="Man Mohan Sharma">Man Mohan Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obaid_Siddiqi" title="Obaid Siddiqi">Obaid Siddiqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Sreedharan" title="E. Sreedharan">E. Sreedharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._R._Srinivasan" title="M. R. Srinivasan">M. R. Srinivasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._C._George_Sudarshan" title="E. C. George Sudarshan">George Sudarshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Swaminathan" title="M. S. Swaminathan">M. S. Swaminathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narinder_Singh_Kapany" title="Narinder Singh Kapany">Narinder Singh Kapany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._R._Srinivasa_Varadhan" title="S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan">S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Social work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Amte" title="Baba Amte">Baba Amte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Shastri_Athavale" title="Pandurang Shastri Athavale">Pandurang Shastri Athavale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janaki_Devi_Bajaj" title="Janaki Devi Bajaj">Janaki Devi Bajaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabehn" title="Mirabehn">Mirabehn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamaladevi_Chattopadhyay" title="Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay">Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durgabai_Deshmukh" title="Durgabai Deshmukh">Durgabai Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanaji_Deshmukh" title="Nanaji Deshmukh">Nanaji Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Deshpande" title="Nirmala Deshpande">Nirmala Deshpande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Dharia" title="Mohan Dharia">Mohan Dharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U._N._Dhebar" title="U. N. Dhebar">U. N. Dhebar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_Gracias" title="Valerian Gracias">Valerian Gracias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veerendra_Heggade" title="Veerendra Heggade">Veerendra Heggade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Clubwala_Jadhav" title="Mary Clubwala Jadhav">Mary Clubwala Jadhav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaganvihari_Lallubhai_Mehta" title="Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta">Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usha_Mehta" title="Usha Mehta">Usha Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Joshi" title="Nirmala Joshi">Sister Nirmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Sengupta" title="Nellie Sengupta">Nellie Sengupta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viswanathan_Anand" title="Viswanathan Anand">Viswanathan Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Edmund Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Kom" title="Mary Kom">Mary Kom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar" title="Sachin Tendulkar">Sachin Tendulkar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Trade and industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhirubhai_Ambani" title="Dhirubhai Ambani">Dhirubhai Ambani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._D._Birla" title="G. D. Birla">Ghanshyam Das Birla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Sekhar_Ganguly" title="Ashok Sekhar Ganguly">Ashok Sekhar Ganguly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_IV" title="Aga Khan IV">Karim Al Hussaini Aga Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Mittal" title="Lakshmi Mittal">Lakshmi Mittal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Manibhai_Naik" class="mw-redirect" title="Anil Manibhai Naik">Anil Manibhai Naik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._R._Narayana_Murthy" title="N. R. Narayana Murthy">N. R. Narayana Murthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Narasimham" title="M. Narasimham">M. Narasimham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prithvi_Raj_Singh_Oberoi" title="Prithvi Raj Singh Oberoi">Prithvi Raj Singh Oberoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azim_Premji" title="Azim Premji">Azim Premji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prathap_C._Reddy" title="Prathap C. Reddy">Prathap C. Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._D._Tata" title="J. R. D. Tata">J. R. D. Tata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratan_Tata" title="Ratan Tata">Ratan Tata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_awards_templates" title="Category:Indian awards templates">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_India" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject India">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="16px_Sikh_politics_16px" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1b039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1b039;; background:#ffc600;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sikh_politics" title="Template:Sikh politics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sikh_politics" title="Template talk:Sikh politics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sikh_politics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sikh politics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="16px_Sikh_politics_16px" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khanda_emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Khanda_emblem.svg/16px-Khanda_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Khanda_emblem.svg/24px-Khanda_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Khanda_emblem.svg/32px-Khanda_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="606" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">politics</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khanda_emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Khanda_emblem.svg/16px-Khanda_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Khanda_emblem.svg/24px-Khanda_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Khanda_emblem.svg/32px-Khanda_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="606" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1b039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1b039;; background:#ffc600;;width:1%;background:#ffd600;">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghadar_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghadar Party">Ghadar Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal" title="Shiromani Akali Dal">Shiromani Akali Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana_State_Akali_Dal" title="Haryana State Akali Dal">Haryana State Akali Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal_(Amritsar)" title="Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)">Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal_(Longowal)" title="Shiromani Akali Dal (Longowal)">Shiromani Akali Dal (Longowal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akali_Dal_(1920)" title="Akali Dal (1920)">Akali Dal (1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Akali_Dal" title="United Akali Dal">United Akali Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal_(Panthic)" title="Shiromani Akali Dal (Panthic)">Shiromani Akali Dal (Panthic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal_(Democratic)" title="Shiromani Akali Dal (Democratic)">Shiromani Akali Dal (Democratic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal_Delhi" title="Shiromani Akali Dal Delhi">Shiromani Akali Dal Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal_(Sanyukt)" title="Shiromani Akali Dal (Sanyukt)">Shiromani Akali Dal (Sanyukt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Sikh_Students_Federation" title="All India Sikh Students Federation">All India Sikh Students Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Sikh_Sangat" title="Rashtriya Sikh Sangat">Rashtriya Sikh Sangat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Gurdwara_Parbandhak_Committee" title="Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee">Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Sikh_Gurdwara_Prabandhak_Committee" title="Pakistan Sikh Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee">Pakistan Sikh Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sikh_Gurdwara_Management_Committee" title="Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee">Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana_Sikh_Gurdwara_Parbandhak_Committee" title="Haryana Sikh Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee">Haryana Sikh Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1b039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1b039;; background:#ffc600;;width:1%;background:#ffd600;">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Master_Tara_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Tara Singh">Master Tara Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardul_Singh_Caveeshar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardul Singh Caveeshar">Sardul Singh Caveeshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldev_Singh" title="Baldev Singh">Baldev Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaran_Singh" title="Swaran Singh">Swaran Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagjit_Singh_Chohan" title="Jagjit Singh Chohan">Jagjit Singh Chohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarnail_Singh_Bhindranwale" title="Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale">Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surjit_Singh_Barnala" title="Surjit Singh Barnala">Surjit Singh Barnala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarinder_Singh" title="Amarinder Singh">Amarinder Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhbir_Singh_Badal" title="Sukhbir Singh Badal">Sukhbir Singh Badal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkash_Singh_Badal" title="Parkash Singh Badal">Parkash Singh Badal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harcharan_Singh_Longowal" class="mw-redirect" title="Harcharan Singh Longowal">Harcharan Singh Longowal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurnam_Singh" title="Gurnam Singh">Gurnam Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachhman_Singh_Gill" title="Lachhman Singh Gill">Lachhman Singh Gill</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhdev_Singh_Dhindsa" title="Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa">Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagir_Kaur" title="Jagir Kaur">Jagir Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundar_Singh_Majithia" title="Sundar Singh Majithia">Sundar Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gian_Singh_Rarewala" title="Gian Singh Rarewala">Gian Singh Rarewala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurcharan_Singh_Tohra" title="Gurcharan Singh Tohra">Gurcharan Singh Tohra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simranjit_Singh_Mann" title="Simranjit Singh Mann">Simranjit Singh Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Singh_Chandumajra" title="Prem Singh Chandumajra">Prem Singh Chandumajra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partap_Singh_Kairon" title="Partap Singh Kairon">Partap Singh Kairon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurnam_Singh" title="Gurnam Singh">Gurnam Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giani_Zail_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Giani Zail Singh">Giani Zail Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beant_Singh_(politician)" title="Beant Singh (politician)">Beant Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajinder_Kaur_Bhattal" title="Rajinder Kaur Bhattal">Rajinder Kaur Bhattal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amritpal_Singh" title="Amritpal Singh">Amritpal Singh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1b039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1b039;; background:#ffc600;;width:1%;background:#ffd600;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Singh_Sabha_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Singh Sabha movement">Singh Sabha movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akali_movement" title="Akali movement">Akali movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Suba" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi Suba">Punjab State Agitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandpur_Resolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Anandpur Resolution">Anandpur Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharam_Yudh_Morcha" title="Dharam Yudh Morcha">Dharam Yudh Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blue_Star" title="Operation Blue Star">Operation Blue Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_anti-Sikh_riots" title="1984 anti-Sikh riots">1984 anti-Sikh riots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Truth" title="Wall of Truth">Wall of Truth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalistan_movement" title="Khalistan movement">Khalistan movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Woodrose" title="Operation Woodrose">Operation Woodrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Black_Thunder" title="Operation Black Thunder">Operation Black Thunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_insurgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab insurgency">Punjab insurgency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1b039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1b039;; background:#ffc600;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khanda_emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Khanda_emblem.svg/16px-Khanda_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Khanda_emblem.svg/24px-Khanda_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Khanda_emblem.svg/32px-Khanda_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="606" /></a></span> <b>Portal:Sikhism</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khanda_emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Khanda_emblem.svg/16px-Khanda_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Khanda_emblem.svg/24px-Khanda_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Khanda_emblem.svg/32px-Khanda_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="606" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41914#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41914#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41914#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081426134">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/63147248">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1516141/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjw9Q9kVJHJjKwYWVxdCwC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119241374">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n89294611">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12457447m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12457447m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an41700341">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074555049">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810595298605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007453680005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA17078986?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Manmohan Singh,"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/fb299dbb-e13c-4e72-8081-665a64666612">MusicBrainz</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1455526">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119241374.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/113317999">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manmohan_Singh&oldid=1259092919">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manmohan_Singh&oldid=1259092919</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Manmohan_Singh" title="Category:Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1932_births" 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