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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safeguard_Program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Safeguard Program </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safeguard_Program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ABM_treaty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ABM_treaty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 ABM treaty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ABM_treaty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Homing_Overlay_Experiment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Homing_Overlay_Experiment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Homing Overlay Experiment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Homing_Overlay_Experiment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strategic_Defense_Initiative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategic_Defense_Initiative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Strategic Defense Initiative </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strategic_Defense_Initiative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Withdrawal_from_ABM_Treaty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Withdrawal_from_ABM_Treaty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Withdrawal from ABM Treaty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Withdrawal_from_ABM_Treaty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_NMD_program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_NMD_program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Current NMD program </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_NMD_program-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Current NMD program subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Current_NMD_program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Goals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Goals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Components </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Glide_phase_interceptors_(GPIs)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glide_phase_interceptors_(GPIs)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 Glide phase interceptors (GPIs) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glide_phase_interceptors_(GPIs)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ground-based_interceptor_missiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ground-based_interceptor_missiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 Ground-based interceptor missiles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ground-based_interceptor_missiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aegis_Ballistic_Missile_Defense_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aegis_Ballistic_Missile_Defense_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.3 Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aegis_Ballistic_Missile_Defense_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminal_High-Altitude_Area_Defense" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminal_High-Altitude_Area_Defense"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.4 Terminal High-Altitude Area Defense </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminal_High-Altitude_Area_Defense-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airborne_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airborne_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.5 Airborne systems </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airborne_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shorter-range_anti-ballistic_missiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shorter-range_anti-ballistic_missiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.6 Shorter-range anti-ballistic missiles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shorter-range_anti-ballistic_missiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multilateral_and_international_participation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multilateral_and_international_participation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.7 Multilateral and international participation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multilateral_and_international_participation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Program_planning,_goals,_and_discussions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Program_planning,_goals,_and_discussions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Program planning, goals, and discussions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Program_planning,_goals,_and_discussions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Program planning, goals, and discussions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Program_planning,_goals,_and_discussions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Missile_defense_sites_in_Central_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missile_defense_sites_in_Central_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Missile defense sites in Central Europe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Missile_defense_sites_in_Central_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skepticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skepticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Skepticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skepticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boost-phase_defense" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boost-phase_defense"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Boost-phase defense </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Boost-phase_defense-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Boost-phase defense subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Boost-phase_defense-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boost-phase_defense_against_solid-fueled_ICBM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boost-phase_defense_against_solid-fueled_ICBM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Boost-phase defense against solid-fueled ICBM </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boost-phase_defense_against_solid-fueled_ICBM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boost-phase_defense_against_older_ICBMs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boost-phase_defense_against_older_ICBMs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Boost-phase defense against older ICBMs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boost-phase_defense_against_older_ICBMs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">United States national missile defense</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" > 15 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AE%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A" title="الدرع الصاروخي الأمريكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الدرع الصاروخي الأمريكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_raketov%C3%A1_obrana" title="Národní raketová obrana – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Národní raketová obrana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground-Based_Midcourse_Defense" title="Ground-Based Midcourse Defense – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ground-Based Midcourse Defense" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Missile_Defense" title="National Missile Defense – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="National Missile Defense" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escudo_Antimisiles" title="Escudo Antimisiles – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Escudo Antimisiles" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87" title="دفاع موشکی ملی ایالات متحده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دفاع موشکی ملی ایالات متحده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9fense_antimissile_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Défense antimissile des États-Unis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Défense antimissile des États-Unis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80_%EB%AF%B8%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%BC_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B4" title="국가 미사일 방어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국가 미사일 방어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAs_anti-ballistiske_missilforsvar" title="USAs anti-ballistiske missilforsvar – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="USAs anti-ballistiske missilforsvar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic_Missile_Defense" title="Ballistic Missile Defense – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ballistic Missile Defense" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_missile_defense" title="National missile defense – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="National missile defense" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Противоракетная оборона США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Противоракетная оборона США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Протиракетна оборона США – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Протиракетна оборона США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_th%E1%BB%91ng_ph%C3%B2ng_th%E1%BB%A7_t%C3%AAn_l%E1%BB%ADa_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Hệ thống phòng thủ tên lửa quốc gia Hoa Kỳ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ thống phòng thủ tên lửa quốc gia Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Missile_Defense&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="National Missile Defense">National Missile Defense</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Nationwide missile defense program of the United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the nationwide missile defense program of the United States. For the general concept of missile defense, see <a href="/wiki/Missile_defense" title="Missile defense">Missile defense</a>. For the missile defense systems of other countries, see <a href="/wiki/Missile_defense_systems_by_country" title="Missile defense systems by country">Missile defense systems by country</a>.</div> National missile defense (NMD) refers to the nationwide antimissile program the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> has had under development since the 1990s. After the renaming in 2002, the term now refers to the entire program, not just the ground-based interceptors and associated facilities. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EKV_prototype_launch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/EKV_prototype_launch.jpg/300px-EKV_prototype_launch.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="470" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/EKV_prototype_launch.jpg/450px-EKV_prototype_launch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/EKV_prototype_launch.jpg/600px-EKV_prototype_launch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3761" /></a><figcaption>A Payload Launch Vehicle (PLV) carrying a prototype exoatmospheric kill vehicle is launched from <a href="/wiki/Meck_Island" title="Meck Island">Meck Island</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Kwajalein" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwajalein">Kwajalein</a> Missile Range on 3 December 2001, for an intercept of a ballistic missile target over the central Pacific Ocean.</figcaption></figure> Other elements that could potentially be integrated into NMD include <a href="/wiki/Anti-ballistic_missiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-ballistic missiles">anti-ballistic missiles</a>, or sea-based, space-based, laser, and high altitude missile systems. The NMD program is limited in scope and designed to counter a relatively small ICBM attack from a less sophisticated adversary. Unlike the earlier <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Strategic Defense Initiative</a> program, it is not designed to be a robust shield against a large attack from a technically sophisticated adversary. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions">Definitions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definitions">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Parts of this article (those related to Definitions) need to be updated. The reason given is: Continued hypersonic glide vehicle development by China and Russia. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2021)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The term "national missile defense" has several meanings: <ul><li>(Most common, but now <a href="/wiki/Deprecated#Other_usage" class="mw-redirect" title="Deprecated">deprecated</a>:) U.S. National Missile Defense, the limited ground-based nationwide antimissile system in development since the 1990s. In 2002 this system was renamed to <a href="/wiki/Ground-Based_Midcourse_Defense" title="Ground-Based Midcourse Defense">Ground-Based Midcourse Defense</a> (GMD), to differentiate it from other missile defense programs,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> such as space-based, sea-based, laser, robotic, or high-altitude intercept programs. As of 2006, the GMD system is operational with limited capability. GMD is designed to intercept a small number of nuclear-armed ICBMs in the mid-course phase, using Ground-based interceptor missiles (GBIs) launched from within the United States in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> and <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. GMD uses non-nuclear GBIs with a <a href="/wiki/Projectile#Kinetic_projectiles" title="Projectile">kinetic warhead</a>. Other <a href="#Components">components of the national missile defense</a> are listed below.</li> <li>Any national ICBM defense by any country, past or present. The U.S. <a href="/wiki/Sentinel_program" title="Sentinel program">Sentinel program</a> was a planned national missile defense during the 1960s, but was never deployed. Elements of Sentinel were actually deployed briefly as the <a href="/wiki/Safeguard_Program" title="Safeguard Program">Safeguard Program</a>, although it wasn't national in scope. The <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> <a href="/wiki/A-135_anti-ballistic_missile_system" title="A-135 anti-ballistic missile system">A-135 anti-ballistic missile system</a> is currently operational only around the city of <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, the national capital, and is far from being national in scope in Russia.</li> <li>Any national missile defense (against any missile type) by any country. <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> currently has a national missile defense against short and medium-range missiles using their <a href="/wiki/Arrow_(Israeli_missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrow (Israeli missile)">Arrow missile</a> system.</li></ul> See <a href="/wiki/Missile_defense#Trajectory_phase" title="Missile defense">trajectory phase</a> for the types of anti-ballistic missiles, the advantages and the disadvantages of each implementation type. The role of defense against nuclear missiles has been a heated military and political topic for several decades. (See also <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_strategy" title="Nuclear strategy">nuclear strategy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missile_Defense_Agency" title="Missile Defense Agency">Missile Defense Agency</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anti-ballistic_missile" title="Anti-ballistic missile">anti-ballistic missile</a>.) But missile defense against a known ballistic missile trajectory has to be rethought in the face of a maneuverable threat (such as a <a href="/wiki/Hypersonic_glide_vehicle" title="Hypersonic glide vehicle">hypersonic glide vehicle</a>, which still has yet to be realized and proven, as of 2018). See <a href="/wiki/Hypersonic_flight#Hypersonic_weapons_development" title="Hypersonic flight">Hypersonic flight § Hypersonic weapons development</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Futures_Command#GPI" title="United States Army Futures Command">Hypersonic glide phase interceptor (GPI)</a> (2021). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_national_missile_defense_systems">History of national missile defense systems</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History of national missile defense systems">edit</a>]</div> When the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> was split from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> in 1947, the Army retained the role of ground based air defenses that would evolve into National missile defense. The Army retained the lead role in this area until the success of the Aegis system shifted the focus to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> in the 21st century.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nike-Zeus">Nike-Zeus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nike-Zeus">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/LIM-49_Nike_Zeus" class="mw-redirect" title="LIM-49 Nike Zeus">LIM-49 Nike Zeus</a></div> In the 1950s, a series of <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">anti-aircraft missiles</a> were developed as part of <a href="/wiki/Project_Nike" title="Project Nike">Project Nike</a>. The latest in the series, Nike-Zeus, offered extremely long-range interception and very high performance. In the late 1950s, the program investigated the use of Nike-Zeus missiles as interceptors against <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> ICBMs. A Nike warhead would be detonated at high altitudes (over 100 km, or 60 statute miles) above the polar regions in the near vicinity of an incoming Soviet missile. The problem of how to quickly identify and track incoming missiles proved intractable, especially in light of easily envisioned countermeasures such as <a href="/wiki/Decoy" title="Decoy">decoys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chaff_(radar_countermeasure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaff (radar countermeasure)">chaff</a>. At the same time, the need for a high-performance anti-aircraft weapon was also seriously eroded by the obvious evolution of the Soviet nuclear force to one based almost entirely on ICBMs. The Nike-Zeus project was canceled in 1961. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Project_Defender">Project Defender</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Project Defender">edit</a>]</div> The Nike-Zeus use of nuclear warheads was necessary given the available missile technology. However, it had significant technical limitations such as blinding defensive radars to subsequent missiles. Also, exploding nuclear warheads over friendly territory (albeit in space) was not ideal. In the 1960s Project Defender and the Ballistic Missile Boost Intercept (BAMBI) concept replaced land-launched Nike missiles with missiles to be launched from satellite platforms orbiting directly above the USSR. Instead of nuclear warheads, the BAMBI missiles would deploy huge wire meshes designed to disable Soviet ICBMs in their early launch phase (the "boost phase"). No solution to the problem of how to protect the proposed satellite platforms against attack was found, however, and the program was canceled in 1968. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sentinel_Program">Sentinel Program</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sentinel Program">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sentinel_program" title="Sentinel program">Sentinel program</a></div> In 1967,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Defense_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Defense Secretary">U.S. Defense Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">Robert McNamara</a> announced the Sentinel Program, providing a defense against attack for most of the continental United States. The system consisted of a long range <a href="/wiki/LIM-49A_Spartan" class="mw-redirect" title="LIM-49A Spartan">Spartan missile</a>, the short range <a href="/wiki/Sprint_(missile)" title="Sprint (missile)">Sprint missile</a>, and associated radar and computer system. However, U.S. military and political strategists recognized several problems with the system:<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <ul><li>Deployment of even a limited defensive <a href="/wiki/Anti-ballistic_missile" title="Anti-ballistic missile">ABM</a> system might invite a preemptive nuclear attack before it could be implemented</li> <li>Deploying ABM systems would likely invite another expensive arms race for defensive systems, in addition to maintaining existing offensive expenditures</li> <li>Then-current technology did not permit a thorough defense against a sophisticated attack</li> <li>Defended coverage area was very limited due to the short range of the missiles used</li> <li>Use of nuclear warheads on antimissile interceptors would degrade capability of defensive radar, thus possibly rendering defense ineffective after the first few interceptions</li> <li>Political and public concern about detonating defensive nuclear warheads over friendly territory</li> <li>An ICBM defense could jeopardize the <a href="/wiki/Mutual_assured_destruction" title="Mutual assured destruction">Mutual Assured Destruction</a> concept, thus being a destabilizing influence</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Safeguard_Program">Safeguard Program</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Safeguard Program">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Safeguard_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Safeguard_insignia.svg/220px-Safeguard_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Safeguard_insignia.svg/330px-Safeguard_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Safeguard_insignia.svg/440px-Safeguard_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>The Institute of Heraldry approved the shoulder sleeve insignia for Safeguard.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Safeguard_Program" title="Safeguard Program">Safeguard Program</a></div> In 1969 Sentinel was renamed 'Safeguard'.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> It was from then on dedicated to the protection of some of the U.S. ICBM-silo areas from attack, promoting their ability to mount a retaliatory missile attack. Safeguard used the same <a href="/wiki/LIM-49A_Spartan" class="mw-redirect" title="LIM-49A Spartan">Spartan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sprint_(missile)" title="Sprint (missile)">Sprint</a> missiles, and the same radar technology as Sentinel. Safeguard solved some problems of Sentinel: <ul><li>It was less expensive to develop due to its limited geographic coverage and fewer required missiles.</li> <li>It avoided a lot of hazards to the public of defensive nuclear warheads detonated in the atmosphere nearby, since the Safeguard system was located in and near sparsely populated areas of the Dakotas, Montana, <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>.</li> <li>It provided better interception probabilities due to dense coverage by the shorter-range Sprint missiles, which were unable to cover the entire defended area under the larger and earlier proposed Sentinel program.</li></ul> However Safeguard still retained several of the previously listed political and military problems. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ABM_treaty">ABM treaty</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: ABM treaty">edit</a>]</div> These above issues drove the United States and the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> to sign the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Ballistic_Missile_Treaty" title="Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty">Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty</a> of 1972. Under the ABM treaty and the 1974 revision of it, each country was allowed to deploy only two ABM systems with only 100 interceptors each - one to protect the national command authority or capitol, the other to protect a deterrent force such as a missile field. The Soviets deployed a system named the <a href="/wiki/A-35_anti-ballistic_missile_system" title="A-35 anti-ballistic missile system">A-35 "Galosh"</a> missile system, and it was deployed to protect <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, its capital city. The U.S. deployed the <a href="/wiki/Safeguard_Program" title="Safeguard Program">Safeguard system</a> to defend the ICBM launch sites around the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks_Air_Force_Base" title="Grand Forks Air Force Base">Grand Forks Air Force Base</a>, North Dakota, in 1975. The American Safeguard system was only briefly operational (for a matter of several months). The Soviet system (now called <a href="/wiki/A-135_anti-ballistic_missile_system" title="A-135 anti-ballistic missile system">A-135</a>) has been improved over the decades, and it is still operational around Moscow. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Homing_Overlay_Experiment">Homing Overlay Experiment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Homing Overlay Experiment">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SO4_Hoe_open_Web.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SO4_Hoe_open_Web.jpg/220px-SO4_Hoe_open_Web.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SO4_Hoe_open_Web.jpg/330px-SO4_Hoe_open_Web.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SO4_Hoe_open_Web.jpg/440px-SO4_Hoe_open_Web.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Homing Overlay Experiment open web</figcaption></figure> Given concerns about the previous programs using nuclear armed interceptors, in the 1980s the U.S. Army began studies about the feasibility of hit-to-kill vehicles, where an interceptor missile would destroy an incoming ballistic missile just by colliding with it, the so-called "Kinetic Kill Vehicles", or KKV. The first program which actually tested a hit-to-kill missile interceptor was the Army's Homing Overlay Experiment. "Overlay" was the Army's term for exo-atmospheric interceptions, which would have to declutter any decoys, "underlay" was their term for high-altitude interceptions within the atmosphere. The KKV was equipped with an infrared seeker, guidance electronics and a propulsion system. Once in space, the KKV extended a 4 m (13 ft) diameter structure similar to an umbrella skeleton to enhance its effective cross section. This device would destroy the ICBM reentry vehicle on collision. After test failures with the first three flight tests, the fourth and final test on 10 June 1984 was successful, intercepting the Minuteman RV with a closing speed of about 6.1 km/s (Mach 18) at an altitude of more than 160 km (99 mi). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strategic_Defense_Initiative">Strategic Defense Initiative</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Strategic Defense Initiative">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sdilogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Sdilogo.svg/220px-Sdilogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Sdilogo.svg/330px-Sdilogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Sdilogo.svg/440px-Sdilogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="222" /></a><figcaption>SDI insignia</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Strategic Defense Initiative</a></div> On 23 March 1983, President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> announced a new national missile defense program formally called the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Strategic Defense Initiative</a> but soon nicknamed "Star Wars" by detractors. President Reagan's stated goal was not just to protect the U.S. and its allies, but to also provide the completed system to the USSR, thus ending the threat of nuclear war for all parties. SDI was technically very ambitious and economically very expensive. It would have included many space-based laser battle stations and nuclear-pumped X-ray laser satellites designed to intercept hostile ICBMs in space, along with very sophisticated <a href="/wiki/Command_and_Control_(Military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Command and Control (Military)">command and control</a> systems. Unlike the previous Sentinel program, the goal was to totally defend against a robust, all out nuclear attack by the USSR. A partisan debate ensued in Congress, with <a href="/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Democratic Party">Democrats</a> questioning the feasibility and strategic wisdom of such a program, while <a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republicans</a> talked about its strategic necessity and provided a number of technical experts who argued that it was in fact feasible (including <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> physicist <a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a>). Advocates of SDI prevailed and funding was initiated in fiscal year 1984. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Withdrawal_from_ABM_Treaty">Withdrawal from ABM Treaty</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Withdrawal from ABM Treaty">edit</a>]</div> In December 1999, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> approved a resolution aimed at pressing the United States to abandon its plans to build an anti-missile missile defense system. Voting against the draft, along with the United States, were three other countries, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a>. Thirteen of the 15 members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> abstained, and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> voted in favor of this resolution. The resolution called for continued efforts to strengthen and preserve the treaty.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> On 14 June 2002, the United States withdrew from the <a href="/wiki/ABM_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="ABM Treaty">ABM Treaty</a>. On the following day, Russia responded by withdrawing from <a href="/wiki/START_II" title="START II">START II</a> treaty (intended to ban <a href="/wiki/MIRV" class="mw-redirect" title="MIRV">MIRV</a> ICBMs). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_NMD_program">Current NMD program</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Current NMD program">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goals">Goals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Goals">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:NationalGuardMissileDefenseLogo.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/NationalGuardMissileDefenseLogo.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>The logo of the Missile Defense division of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. National Guard">U.S. National Guard</a>, part of the modern American missile defense system</figcaption></figure> In the 1990s and early 21st century, the stated mission of NMD has changed to the more modest goal of preventing the United States from being subject to <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_blackmail" title="Nuclear blackmail">nuclear blackmail</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_terrorism" title="Nuclear terrorism">nuclear terrorism</a> by a so-called <a href="/wiki/Rogue_state" title="Rogue state">rogue state</a>. The feasibility of this more limited goal remains somewhat controversial. Under President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> some testing continued, but the project received little funding despite Clinton's supportive remarks on 5 September 2000 that "such a system, if it worked properly, could give us an extra dimension of insurance in a world where proliferation has complicated the task of preserving peace." The system is administered by the <a href="/wiki/Missile_Defense_Agency" title="Missile Defense Agency">Missile Defense Agency</a> (MDA). There are several other agencies and military commands which play a role, such as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Space_and_Missile_Defense_Command" title="United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command">United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command</a> and <a href="/wiki/Space_Delta_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Delta 4">Space Delta 4</a>. MDA and the <a href="/wiki/Space_Development_Agency" title="Space Development Agency">Space Development Agency</a> (SDA) are currently developing elements of a <a href="/wiki/Hypersonic_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypersonic missile">hypersonic missile</a> defense system to defend against hypersonic weapons; these elements include the tracking and transport layers of the National Defense Space Architecture (NDSA) and various interceptor programs, although the maneuverability and low flight altitudes of hypersonic weapons are expected to pose challenges. MDA's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glide_Phase_Interceptor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glide Phase Interceptor (page does not exist)">Glide Phase Interceptor</a> (GPI) is expected to be able to defend against hypersonic missiles by the mid- to late-2020s. <a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA's</a> Glide Breaker program seeks to equip a vehicle to precisely target hypersonic missiles at long range. Analysts continue to debate the feasibility, effectiveness, and practicality of hypersonic weapons defense.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Components">Components</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Components">edit</a>]</div> The current NMD system consists of several components. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Glide_phase_interceptors_(GPIs)">Glide phase interceptors (GPIs)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Glide phase interceptors (GPIs)">edit</a>]</div> Glide phase interceptors (GPIs) are missiles designed to intercept <a href="/wiki/Hypersonic_flight#Hypersonic_defense" title="Hypersonic flight">hypersonic vehicles in flight</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jj20nov21-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-th27apr23-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-bkApr23-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-th25apr23-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-nb14apr23-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-nt27jun22-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-ae21sep22-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ground-based_interceptor_missiles">Ground-based interceptor missiles</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ground-based interceptor missiles">edit</a>]</div> One major component is <a href="/wiki/Ground-Based_Midcourse_Defense" title="Ground-Based Midcourse Defense">Ground-Based Midcourse Defense</a> (GMD), consisting of ground-based interceptor (GBI) missiles and radar in the United States in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, which would intercept incoming warheads in space.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Currently some GBI missiles are located at Vandenberg SFB[Space Force Base] in California. These GBIs can be augmented by mid-course SM-3 interceptors fired from Navy ships. About ten interceptor missiles were operational as of 2006. In 2014, the Missile Defense Agency had 30 operational GBIs,<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> with 14 additional ground-based interceptors requested for 2017 deployment, in the Fiscal Year 2016 budget.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Officially, the final deployment goal is the "C3" phase, intended to counter tens of complex warheads from two GMD locations utilizing 200 ABMs "or more". The system design permits further expansion and upgrades beyond the C3 level. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aegis_Ballistic_Missile_Defense_System">Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System">edit</a>]</div> A major component is a ship-based system called the <a href="/wiki/Aegis_Ballistic_Missile_Defense_System" title="Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System">Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System</a>. This was given major new importance by President Obama in September 2009, when he announced plans to scrap the plans for a <a href="/wiki/US_missile_defense_complex_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="US missile defense complex in Poland">missile defense site in Poland</a>, in favor of missile defense systems located on US Navy warships.<a href="#cite_note-economist-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-NY_Times_article-24">[24]</a> On 18 September 2009, Russian Prime Minister Putin welcomed Obama's plans for missile defense scrapping sites at Russia's doorstep.<a href="#cite_note-latimes.com-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-ricks.foreignpolicy.com-26">[26]</a> In 2009, several <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a> ships were fitted with <a href="/wiki/SM-3_missiles" class="mw-redirect" title="SM-3 missiles">SM-3 missiles</a> to serve this function, complementing the <a href="/wiki/MIM-104_Patriot" title="MIM-104 Patriot">Patriot</a> systems already deployed by American units. Also, warships of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> have been given weapons and technology to enable them to participate in the American defense plan as well.<a href="#cite_note-navytimes_091909-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Article_on_Sm-3_missile_system-28">[28]</a> On 12 November 2009, the Missile Defense Agency announced that six additional US Navy destroyers would be upgraded to participate in the program. In fiscal 2012, <a href="/wiki/USS_Carney" title="USS Carney">USS Carney (DDG-64)</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Ross_(DDG-71)" title="USS Ross (DDG-71)">USS Ross (DDG-71)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/USS_Donald_Cook" title="USS Donald Cook">USS Donald Cook (DDG-75)</a> were upgraded. <a href="/wiki/USS_Cole_(DDG-67)" title="USS Cole (DDG-67)">USS Cole (DDG-67)</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_McFaul" title="USS McFaul">USS McFaul (DDG-74)</a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_Porter_(DDG-78)" title="USS Porter (DDG-78)">USS Porter (DDG-78)</a> were to be upgraded in fiscal 2013. The goal of the program was to have 21 ships upgraded by the end of 2010; 24 in 2012; and 27 around 2013.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> All ships equipped with the Aegis combat system possess the <a href="/wiki/RIM-66_Standard" title="RIM-66 Standard">SM-2</a> surface-to-air missile which, through recent upgrades, has terminal stage ballistic missile defense capabilities.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Terminal_High-Altitude_Area_Defense">Terminal High-Altitude Area Defense</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Terminal High-Altitude Area Defense">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Terminal_High_Altitude_Area_Defense" title="Terminal High Altitude Area Defense">Terminal High Altitude Area Defense</a> (THAAD) is a program of the <a href="/wiki/US_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="US Army">US Army</a>, utilizing ground-based interceptor missiles which can intercept missiles in the upper part of the atmosphere and outside the atmosphere.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> THAAD has been deployed in Guam, the United Arab Emirates, South Korea and most recently Israel.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Airborne_systems">Airborne systems</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Airborne systems">edit</a>]</div> Several airborne systems are being examined, which would then be utilized by the <a href="/wiki/US_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="US Air Force">US Air Force</a>. One major object of study is a boost-phase defense, meaning a system to intercept missiles while they are in their boost phase. One potential system for this use would be an airborne laser, which was tested on the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_YAL-1" title="Boeing YAL-1">Boeing YAL-1</a> and was later cancelled. Other ideas are also being studied.<a href="#cite_note-Goure-33">[33]</a> As of 2009, the only anti-ballistic missile defense system with a boost-phase capability is the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System. There are several benefits to a sea-based boost-phase system, as it is fully mobile and has greater security by operating in international waters.<a href="#cite_note-Goure-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shorter-range_anti-ballistic_missiles">Shorter-range anti-ballistic missiles</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Shorter-range anti-ballistic missiles">edit</a>]</div> Three shorter range tactical <a href="/wiki/Anti-ballistic_missile" title="Anti-ballistic missile">anti-ballistic missile</a> systems are currently operational: the U.S. Army <a href="/wiki/MIM-104_Patriot" title="MIM-104 Patriot">Patriot</a>, U.S. Navy <a href="/wiki/Aegis_combat_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegis combat system">Aegis combat system</a>/<a href="/wiki/RIM-156_Standard#RIM-67_and_RIM-156_SM-2_Extended_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="RIM-156 Standard">SM-2 missile</a>, and the Israeli <a href="/wiki/Arrow_(Israeli_missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrow (Israeli missile)">Arrow missile</a>. In general short-range tactical ABMs cannot intercept ICBMs, even if within range[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] (<a href="/wiki/Arrow-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrow-3">Arrow-3</a> can intercept ICBMs).<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The tactical ABM radar and performance characteristics do not allow it, as an incoming ICBM warhead moves much faster than a tactical missile warhead. However, the better-performance Terminal High Altitude Area Defense missile could be upgraded to intercept ICBMs. The SM-3 missile has some capability against ICBMs, as demonstrated by the November 2020 successful interception of an ICBM-class target missile.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Latest versions of the U.S. <a href="/wiki/MIM-23_Hawk" title="MIM-23 Hawk">Hawk missile</a> have a limited capability against tactical ballistic missiles, but is not usually described as an ABM. Similar claims have been made about the Russian long-range surface-to-air <a href="/wiki/S-300_(missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="S-300 (missile)">S-300</a> and <a href="/wiki/S-400" class="mw-redirect" title="S-400">S-400</a> series. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Multilateral_and_international_participation">Multilateral and international participation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Multilateral and international participation">edit</a>]</div> Several aspects of the defense program have either sought or achieved participation and assistance from other nations. Several foreign navies are participating in the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense, including Japan and Australia. Also, the United States has considered establishing radar sites and missile sites in other nations as part of the <a href="/wiki/Ground-Based_Midcourse_Defense" title="Ground-Based Midcourse Defense">Ground-Based Midcourse Defense</a>. A <a href="/wiki/US_missile_defense_complex_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="US missile defense complex in Poland">missile defense site in Poland</a> received much media attention when it was cancelled in favor of the Aegis BMD.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> A radar site in the United Kingdom is being upgraded, and another one is being built in Greenland.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Other countries have contributed technological developments and various locations.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_%E2%80%93_United_States_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China – United States relations">Taiwan</a> has indicated that it is willing to host national missile defense radars to be tied into the American system, but is unwilling to pay for any further cost overruns in the systems.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> The Wall Street Journal reported on 17 July 2012, that the Pentagon is building a missile-defense radar station at a secret site in <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ20120717-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The Wall Street Journal report was later confirmed by an article in The New York Times from 8 August 2012, which stated that U.S. officials disclosed that a high-resolution, X-band missile defense radar would be located in Qatar.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The radar site in Qatar will complete the backbone of a system designed to defend U.S. interests and allies such as Israel and European nations against Iranian rockets, officials told The Wall Street Journal.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ20120717-42">[42]</a> The Pentagon chose to place the new radar site in Qatar because it is home to the largest U.S. military air base in the region, <a href="/wiki/Al_Udeid_Air_Base" title="Al Udeid Air Base">Al Udeid Air Base</a>, analysts said. The radar base in Qatar is slated to house a powerful AN/TPY-2 radar, also known as an X-Band radar, and supplement two similar arrays already in place in Israel's Negev Desert and in central Turkey, officials said. Together, the three radar sites form an arc that U.S. officials say can detect missile launches from northern, western and southern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. Those sites will enable U.S. officials and allied militaries to track missiles launched from deep inside Iran, which has an arsenal of missiles capable of reaching Israel and parts of Europe. The radar installations, in turn, are being linked to missile-interceptor batteries throughout the region and to U.S. ships with high-altitude interceptor rockets. The X-Band radar provides images that can be used to pinpoint rockets in flight.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ20120717-42">[42]</a> U.S. official also stated that the U.S. military's Central Command, which is overseeing the buildup to counter Iran, also wants to deploy the Army's first Terminal High Altitude Area Defense missile-interceptor system, known as THAAD, to the region in the coming months. The THAAD has its own radar, so deploying it separately from the X-Bands provides even more coverage and increases the system's accuracy, officials said. The X-Band radar and the THAAD will provide an "extra layer of defense," supplementing Patriot batteries that are used to counter lower-altitude rockets, said Riki Ellison, chairman of the Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ20120717-42">[42]</a> On 23 August 2012, The Wall Street Journal reported that the U.S. is planning a major expansion of missile defenses in Asia. According to American officials this move is designed to contain threats from <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>, but one that could also be used to counter China's military. The planned buildup is part of a defensive array that could cover large swaths of Asia, with a new radar in southern Japan and possibly another in Southeast Asia tied to missile-defense ships and land-based interceptors.<a href="#cite_note-WSW20120823-46">[46]</a> US Defence officials told The Wall Street Journal that the core of the new anti-missile shield would be a powerful early-warning radar, known as an X-Band, sited on a southern Japanese island. Discussions between Japan and the United States are currently underway. The new X-Band would join an existing radar that was installed in northern Japan in 2006 and a third X-Band could be placed in South East Asia. The resulting radar arc would cover North Korea, China and possibly even Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> According to U.S. Navy officials and the Congressional Research Service the U.S. Navy has drawn up plans to expand its <a href="/wiki/Aegis_Combat_System" title="Aegis Combat System">fleet of ballistic missile-defense-capable warships</a> from 26 ships today to 36 by 2018. Officials said as many as 60% of those are likely to be deployed to Asia and the Pacific.<a href="#cite_note-WSW20120823-46">[46]</a> In addition, the U.S. Army is considering acquiring additional <a href="/wiki/Terminal_High_Altitude_Area_Defense" title="Terminal High Altitude Area Defense">Terminal High Altitude Area Defense</a>, or THAAD, antimissile systems, said a senior defense official. Under current plans, the Army is building six THAADs.<a href="#cite_note-WSW20120823-46">[46]</a> In response to The Wall Street Journal, U.S. General <a href="/wiki/Martin_Dempsey" title="Martin Dempsey">Martin Dempsey</a>, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said on 23 August 2012 that the United States are in discussions with its close ally Japan about expanding a missile defense system in Asia by positioning an early warning radar in southern Japan. Dempsey however stated that no decisions have been reached on expanding the radar.<a href="#cite_note-APWP20120824-48">[48]</a> The State Department said the U.S. is taking a phased approach to missile defense in Asia, as it is in Europe and the Middle East. "These are defensive systems. They don’t engage unless missiles have been fired," department spokeswoman Victoria Nuland told a news conference. "In the case of Asian systems, they are designed against a missile threat from North Korea. They are not directed at China."<a href="#cite_note-APWP20120824-48">[48]</a> Nuland said the U.S. has broad discussions with China through military and political channels about the systems' intent.<a href="#cite_note-APWP20120824-48">[48]</a> In addition to one American X-band radar – officially known as the AN/TPY-2 – hosted by Japan the United States and Japan announced an agreement on 17 September 2012, to deploy a second, advanced missile-defense radar on Japanese territory.<a href="#cite_note-NYT20120917-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> "The purpose of this is to enhance our ability to defend Japan," U.S. Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Leon_Panetta" title="Leon Panetta">Leon Panetta</a> said at a news conference. "It’s also designed to help forward-deployed U.S. forces, and it also will be effective in protecting the U.S. homeland from the North Korean ballistic missile threat."<a href="#cite_note-NYT20120917-49">[49]</a> In addition to detecting ballistic missiles the radars also provide the U.S. military and its allies a highly detailed view of ship traffic in the region. That capability is particularly desired by U.S. allies in the region that are engaged in territorial disputes with China over contested islands and fishing grounds.<a href="#cite_note-WP20120917-52">[52]</a> Some U.S. officials have noted that defenses built up against North Korean missiles would also be positioned to track a Chinese ballistic missile. A land-based radar would also free the Navy to reposition its ship-based radar to other regional hot-spots, officials said.<a href="#cite_note-NYT20120917-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-WSJ20120917-53">[53]</a> A U.S. team landed in Japan in September 2012 to discuss where the second facility will be located, according to a U.S. defense official. Officials have said they want to locate the radar, formally known as AN/TPY2, in the southern part of Japan, but not on Okinawa, where the U.S. military presence is deeply controversial.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ20120917-53">[53]</a> During a joint news conference in Tokyo, Panetta and Japanese Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_Morimoto" title="Satoshi Morimoto">Satoshi Morimoto</a> said a joint U.S.-Japanese team would begin searching immediately for a site for the new radar.<a href="#cite_note-WP20120917-52">[52]</a> On 15 November 2012, Australia and the United States announced that the US military will station a powerful radar and a space telescope in Australia as part of its strategic shift towards Asia. "It will give us visibility into things that are leaving the atmosphere, entering the atmosphere, really all throughout Asia", including China's rocket and missile tests, a US defence official told reporters on condition of anonymity.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Program_planning,_goals,_and_discussions">Program planning, goals, and discussions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Program planning, goals, and discussions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_U.S._Missile_Defense_Agency.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Seal_of_the_U.S._Missile_Defense_Agency.svg/220px-Seal_of_the_U.S._Missile_Defense_Agency.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Seal_of_the_U.S._Missile_Defense_Agency.svg/330px-Seal_of_the_U.S._Missile_Defense_Agency.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Seal_of_the_U.S._Missile_Defense_Agency.svg/440px-Seal_of_the_U.S._Missile_Defense_Agency.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Missile_Defense_Agency" title="Missile Defense Agency">Missile Defense Agency</a> logo.</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. The reason given is: continued developments, potential NY GBM site. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (April 2021)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ballistic_Missile_Defense_System_(BMDS)_Overview.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ballistic_Missile_Defense_System_%28BMDS%29_Overview.jpg/220px-Ballistic_Missile_Defense_System_%28BMDS%29_Overview.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ballistic_Missile_Defense_System_%28BMDS%29_Overview.jpg/330px-Ballistic_Missile_Defense_System_%28BMDS%29_Overview.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ballistic_Missile_Defense_System_%28BMDS%29_Overview.jpg/440px-Ballistic_Missile_Defense_System_%28BMDS%29_Overview.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3750" /></a><figcaption>An infographic describing the Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) created by the Missile Defense Agency in 2010.</figcaption></figure> On 14 October 2002, a ground based interceptor launched from the <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Ballistic_Missile_Defense_Test_Site" title="Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site">Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site</a> destroyed a mock warhead 225 km above the Pacific. The test included three decoy balloons.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> On 16 December 2002 President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> signed <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Directive" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Directive">National Security Presidential Directive</a> 23<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> which outlined a plan to begin deployment of operational ballistic missile defense systems by 2004. The following day the U.S. formally requested from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> use of facilities in <a href="/wiki/RAF_Fylingdales" title="RAF Fylingdales">Fylingdales</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thule,_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Thule, Greenland">Thule</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>, respectively, as a part of the NMD program. The projected cost of the program for the years 2004 to 2009 will be $53 billion, making it the largest single line in <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a>'s budget. Since 2002, the US has been in talks with <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and other European countries over the possibility of setting up a European base to intercept long-range missiles. A site similar to the US base in Alaska would help protect the US and Europe from missiles fired from the Middle East or North Africa. Poland's prime minister <a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Marcinkiewicz" title="Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz">Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz</a> said in November 2005 he wanted to open up the public debate on whether Poland should host such a base.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> In 2002, NMD was changed to <a href="/wiki/Ground-Based_Missile_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground-Based Missile Defense">Ground-Based Midcourse Defense</a> (GMD), to differentiate it from other missile defense programs, such as space-based, sea-based, and defense targeting the boost phase and the reentry phase (see <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile#Flight_phases" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">flight phases</a>). On 22 July 2004, the first ground-based interceptor was deployed at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Greely" title="Fort Greely">Fort Greely</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=United_States_national_missile_defense&params=63.954_N_145.735_W_region:US-AK_type:landmark_scale:5000_source:wikimapia">63°57′14″N 145°44′06″W / 63.954°N 145.735°W / 63.954; -145.735</a>). By the end of 2004, a total of six had been deployed at Ft. Greely and another two at <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg Air Force Base">Vandenberg Air Force Base</a>, California. Two additional were installed at Ft. Greely in 2005. The system will provide "rudimentary" protection. On 15 December 2004, an interceptor test in the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a> failed when the launch was aborted due to an "unknown anomaly" in the interceptor, 16 minutes after launch of the target from <a href="/wiki/Kodiak_Island" title="Kodiak Island">Kodiak Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>. "I don't think that the goal was ever that we would declare it was operational. I think the goal was that there would be an operational capability by the end of 2004," Pentagon representative Larry DiRita said on 2005-01-13 at a Pentagon press conference. However, the problem is and was funding. "There has been some expectation that there will be some point at which it is operational and not something else these expectations are not unknown, if Congress pours more attention and funding to this system, it can be operational relatively quick." On 18 January 2005, the Commander, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Command" title="United States Strategic Command">United States Strategic Command</a> issued direction to establish the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Functional_Component_Command_for_Integrated_Missile_Defense" title="Joint Functional Component Command for Integrated Missile Defense">Joint Functional Component Command for Integrated Missile Defense</a> (JFCC IMD). The JFCC IMD, once activated, will develop desired characteristics and capabilities for global missile defense operations and support for missile defense. On 14 February 2005, another interceptor test failed due to a malfunction with the ground support equipment at the test range on <a href="/wiki/Kwajalein" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwajalein">Kwajalein Island</a>, not with the interceptor missile itself.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aegis_bmd_mda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Aegis_bmd_mda.jpg/220px-Aegis_bmd_mda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Aegis_bmd_mda.jpg/330px-Aegis_bmd_mda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Aegis_bmd_mda.jpg/440px-Aegis_bmd_mda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aegis_Ballistic_Missile_Defense_System" title="Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System">Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System</a> logo</figcaption></figure> On 24 February 2005, the <a href="/wiki/Missile_Defense_Agency" title="Missile Defense Agency">Missile Defense Agency</a>, testing the <a href="/wiki/Aegis_Ballistic_Missile_Defense_System" title="Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System">Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System</a>, successfully intercepted a mock enemy missile. This was the first test of an operationally configured <a href="/wiki/RIM-161_Standard_missile_3" class="mw-redirect" title="RIM-161 Standard missile 3">RIM-161 Standard missile 3</a> (SM-3) interceptor and the fifth successful test intercept using this system. On 10 November 2005, the <a href="/wiki/USS_Lake_Erie_(CG-70)" title="USS Lake Erie (CG-70)">USS Lake Erie</a> detected, tracked, and destroyed a mock two-stage ballistic missile within two minutes of the ballistic missile launch.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> On 1 September 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Ground-Based_Midcourse_Defense_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground-Based Midcourse Defense System">Ground-Based Midcourse Defense System</a> was successfully tested. An interceptor was launched from <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg Air Force Base">Vandenberg Air Force Base</a> to hit a target missile launched from <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, with ground support provided by a crew at <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Colorado Springs, Colorado">Colorado Springs</a>. This test was described by Missile Defense Agency director Lieutenant General Trey Obering as "about as close as we can come to an end-to-end test of our long-range missile defense system."<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The target missile carried no decoys or other countermeasures.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Deployment of the <a href="/wiki/Sea-based_X-band_Radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea-based X-band Radar">Sea-based X-band Radar</a> system is presently underway.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> On 24 February 2007, <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> reported that the United States ambassador to <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Nuland" title="Victoria Nuland">Victoria Nuland</a>, had written to her fellow envoys to advise them regarding the various options for missile-defense sites in Europe. She also confirmed that "The United States has also been discussing with the UK further potential contributions to the system."<a href="#cite_note-The_Economist-63">[63]</a> On 23 February 2008, the United States successfully <a href="/wiki/USA_193#Destruction" class="mw-redirect" title="USA 193">shot down a malfunctioning American spy satellite.</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ustka-Wicko_base&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ustka-Wicko base (page does not exist)">Ustka-Wicko base</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=United_States_national_missile_defense&params=54.553748_N_16.620255_E_">54°33′13″N 16°37′13″E / 54.553748°N 16.620255°E / 54.553748; 16.620255</a>) of the Polish Army was mentioned as a possible site of US missile interceptors. Russia objected; its suspension of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_Conventional_Armed_Forces_in_Europe" title="Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe">Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe</a> may be related. <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> threatened to place short-range <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_missiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear missiles">nuclear missiles</a> on the Russia's border with NATO if the United States refused to abandon plans to deploy 10 interceptor missiles and a radar in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph.co.uk-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-iht.com-65">[65]</a> In April 2007, Putin warned of a <a href="/wiki/New_Cold_War" class="mw-redirect" title="New Cold War">new Cold War</a> if the Americans deployed the shield in Central Europe.<a href="#cite_note-guardian.co.uk-66">[66]</a> Putin also said that Russia is prepared to abandon its obligations under a <a href="/wiki/Intermediate-Range_Nuclear_Forces_Treaty" title="Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty">Nuclear Forces Treaty</a> of 1987 with the United States.<a href="#cite_note-usatoday.com-67">[67]</a> In 2014 Russia announced plans to install more radar and missile defense systems across the country to counter U.S. plans for a missile defense system in Eastern Europe.<a href="#cite_note-upi.com-68">[68]</a> As of January 2017, the top 3 candidate sites for a <a href="/wiki/Proposed_Eastern_United_States_missile_defense_site" title="Proposed Eastern United States missile defense site">proposed Eastern United States missile defense site</a><a href="#cite_note-ShalalEsa-69">[69]</a> are now New York, Michigan, and Ohio.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Missile_defense_sites_in_Central_Europe">Missile defense sites in Central Europe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Missile defense sites in Central Europe">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/NATO_missile_defence_system" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO missile defence system">NATO missile defence system</a></div> Previously, a controversial initiative existed for placing GMD missile defense installations in <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>, namely in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>. As a result of strong <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian</a> opposition, the plan has been abandoned in favor of Aegis-class missile defense based in the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> and eventually in <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>. In February 2007, the US started formal negotiations with Poland<a href="#cite_note-wp-71">[71]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> concerning placement of a site of Ground-Based Midcourse Defense System.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The announced objective was to protect most of Europe from long-range missile strikes from <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Public opinion in both countries opposed: 57% of <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a> disagreed, while 21% supported the plans;<a href="#cite_note-wp-71">[71]</a> in Czech Republic it was 67% versus 15%.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> More than 130,000 <a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czechs</a> signed a petition for a referendum about the base, which is by far the largest citizen initiative (Ne základnám – No to Bases)<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Velvet Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ustka" title="Ustka">Ustka</a>-<a href="/wiki/Wicko,_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Wicko, Pomeranian Voivodeship">Wicko</a> base of the Polish Army was mentioned as a possible site of 10 American interceptor missiles. Russia objected; its suspension of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_Conventional_Armed_Forces_in_Europe" title="Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe">Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe</a> may be related. Putin warned of a possible new <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-guardian.co.uk-66">[66]</a> Russia threatened to place short-range nuclear missiles on its border with <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> if the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> refused to abandon the plan.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph.co.uk-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-iht.com-65">[65]</a> A radar and tracking system site placement was agreed with the Czech Republic. After long negotiations, on 20 August 2008, US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a> and Poland's Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Radoslaw_Sikorski" class="mw-redirect" title="Radoslaw Sikorski">Radoslaw Sikorski</a> signed in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> the "Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Poland Concerning the Deployment of Ground-Based Ballistic Missile Defense Interceptors in the Territory of the Republic of Poland",<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> a deal that would implement the <a href="/wiki/US_missile_defense_complex_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="US missile defense complex in Poland">missile defense system in Polish territory</a>. Russia warned Poland that it is exposing itself to attack—even a nuclear one—by accepting U.S. missile interceptors on its soil. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Nogovitsyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatoly Nogovitsyn">Anatoly Nogovitsyn</a> the deputy chief of staff of Russia's armed forces said "Poland, by deploying (the system) is exposing itself to a strike – 100 percent".<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> In September 2009, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> announced that plans for missile defense sites in Central Europe would be scrapped in favor of systems located on US Navy warships.<a href="#cite_note-NY_Times_article-24">[24]</a> On 18 September 2009, Russian Prime Minister Putin decided to welcome Obama's plans for stationing American Aegis defense warships in the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-latimes.com-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-ricks.foreignpolicy.com-26">[26]</a> The deployment occurred the same month, consisting of warships equipped with the Aegis <a href="/wiki/RIM-161_SM-3_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="RIM-161 SM-3 missile">RIM-161 SM-3 missile</a> system, which complements the <a href="/wiki/Patriot_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriot missile">Patriot missile</a> systems already deployed by American units.<a href="#cite_note-navytimes_091909-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Article_on_Sm-3_missile_system-28">[28]</a> Once <a href="/wiki/USS_Monterey_(CG-61)" title="USS Monterey (CG-61)">USS Monterey</a> was actually deployed to the Black Sea the Russian Foreign Ministry issued a statement voicing concern about the deployment.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> On 4 February 2010, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> agreed to host the SM-3 missiles starting in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> The missile defense system in <a href="/wiki/Deveselu" title="Deveselu">Deveselu</a> became operational on 18 December 2015.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The BMD component in Romania underwent an upgrade in 2019; in the interim a <a href="/wiki/Terminal_High_Altitude_Area_Defense" title="Terminal High Altitude Area Defense">THAAD</a> unit, B Battery (THAAD), <a href="/wiki/62nd_Air_Defense_Artillery_Regiment" title="62nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment">62nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment</a>, was emplaced in <a href="/wiki/Deveselu_Military_Base" title="Deveselu Military Base">NSF Deveselu</a>, Romania.<a href="#cite_note-natoThaad-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aegis_Ballistic_Missile_Defense_System#Aegis_Ashore" title="Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System">Aegis Ashore</a> was installed in <a href="/wiki/Redzikowo" title="Redzikowo">Redzikowo</a>, Poland with completion by 2022.<a href="#cite_note-nsfRedzikowo-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-stripes-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skepticism">Skepticism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Skepticism">edit</a>]</div> There has been controversy among experts about whether it is technically feasible to build an effective missile defense system and, in particular, whether the GMD would work.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> An April 2000 study by the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists" title="Union of Concerned Scientists">Union of Concerned Scientists</a> and the Security Studies Program at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> concluded that "[a]ny country capable of deploying a long-range missile would also be able to deploy countermeasures that would defeat the planned NMD system." Countermeasures studied in detail were bomblets containing biological or chemical agents, aluminized balloons to serve as decoys and to disguise warheads, and cooling warheads to reduce the kill vehicle's ability to detect them.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In April 2004, a <a href="/wiki/General_Accounting_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="General Accounting Office">General Accounting Office</a> report concluded that "MDA does not explain some critical assumptions—such as an enemy’s type and number of decoys—underlying its performance goals." It recommended that "DOD carry out independent, operationally realistic testing of each block being fielded" but DOD responded that "formal operational testing is not required before entry into full-rate production."<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Proponents did not suggest how to discriminate between empty and warhead-enclosing balloons, for instance, but said that these "simple" countermeasures are actually hard to implement, and that defense technology is rapidly advancing to defeat them.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The Missile Defense Agency (MDA) said decoy discrimination techniques were classified, and emphasized its intention to provide future boost and terminal defense to diminish the importance of midcourse decoys.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In summer 2002 MDA ceased providing detailed intercept information and declined to answer technical questions about decoys on grounds of national security.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> China is developing a <a href="/wiki/Hypersonic_glide_vehicle" title="Hypersonic glide vehicle">hypersonic glide vehicle</a> (HGV), now called the DF-ZF,<a href="#cite_note-4Sep2015-95">[95]</a> capable of penetrating US missile defenses. The US Department of Defense denotes this HGV as the <a href="/wiki/WU-14" class="mw-redirect" title="WU-14">WU-14</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In response the US Army is participating in a joint program with the US Navy and US Air Force, to develop a <a href="/wiki/Hypersonic_flight#Hypersonic_weapons_development" title="Hypersonic flight">hypersonic glide body</a> in 2019, with test fires every six months, beginning in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-thurgood2019-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-glideBody-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-armyHypersonics2019-98">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Boost-phase_defense">Boost-phase defense</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Boost-phase defense">edit</a>]</div> Boost-phase defense is the act of engaging a missile as it begins to launch, which is substantially easier due to the fact that in that moment, any ballistic missile has not deployed penetration aids. This is differentiated from ascent-phase defense, where the missile has gained substantial speed and altitude. In theory, this may be accomplished with any weapons system capable of airborne intercept, however in practice area defense surface to air missiles are highly desirable, as the window of opportunity is very short. For example, the American Standard Missile 2 has an effective range in excess of 70km, however according to an American Physical Society study, it must be within 40 kilometers of the launching point.<a href="#cite_note-APSboost-99">[99]</a> This is acceptable for <a href="/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile" title="Submarine-launched ballistic missile">submarine-launched ballistic missiles</a> (SLBMs), but not likely for land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boost-phase_defense_against_solid-fueled_ICBM">Boost-phase defense against solid-fueled ICBM</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Boost-phase defense against solid-fueled ICBM">edit</a>]</div> Boost-phase defense is significantly more difficult against the current <a href="/wiki/Solid-fuel_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid-fuel rocket">solid-fuel rocket</a> ICBMs, because their boost phase is shorter. Current solid-fueled ICBMs include Russian <a href="/wiki/RT-2UTTKh_Topol_M" class="mw-redirect" title="RT-2UTTKh Topol M">Topol</a>, Indian <a href="/wiki/Agni-V" title="Agni-V">Agni-V</a>, and Chinese <a href="/wiki/DF-31" title="DF-31">DF-31</a> and <a href="/wiki/DF-41" title="DF-41">DF-41</a>, along with the US <a href="/wiki/Minuteman_(missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minuteman (missile)">Minuteman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trident_(missile)" title="Trident (missile)">Trident</a>. There is no theoretical perspective for economically viable boost-phase defense against the latest solid-fueled ICBMs, no matter if it would be ground-based missiles, space-based missiles, or <a href="/wiki/Airborne_laser" class="mw-redirect" title="Airborne laser">airborne laser</a> (ABL).<a href="#cite_note-APSboost-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boost-phase_defense_against_older_ICBMs">Boost-phase defense against older ICBMs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Boost-phase defense against older ICBMs">edit</a>]</div> A ground-based boost-phase defense might be possible, if the goals were somewhat limited: to counter older liquid-fuel propelled ICBMs, and to counter simple solid-propellant missiles launched from less challenging locations (such as <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>). Using orbital launchers to provide a reliable boost-phase defense against liquid-fueled ICBMs is not likely, as it was found to require at least 700 large interceptors in orbit. Using two or more interceptors per target, or countering solid fueled missiles, would require many more orbital launchers. The old <a href="/wiki/Brilliant_Pebbles" title="Brilliant Pebbles">Brilliant Pebbles</a> project—although it did not apply to the boost phase—estimated the number at 4,000 smaller orbital launchers. The <a href="/wiki/Airborne_laser" class="mw-redirect" title="Airborne laser">airborne laser</a> (ABL) is possibly capable of intercepting a liquid fuel missile if within 600 km from a launch point.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essentials_of_Post%E2%80%93Cold_War_Deterrence" title="Essentials of Post–Cold War Deterrence">Essentials of Post–Cold War Deterrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarisation_of_space" title="Militarisation of space">Militarisation of space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_defense_systems_by_country" title="Missile defense systems by country">Missile defense systems by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">Nuclear warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_defense" title="Civil defense">Civil defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-band_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="X-band radar">X-band radar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Functional_Component_Command_for_Integrated_Missile_Defense" title="Joint Functional Component Command for Integrated Missile Defense">Joint Functional Component Command for Integrated Missile Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Strategic Defense Initiative</a>, also known as SDI or "Star Wars" missile defense</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMock_Test" class="citation web cs1">Mock Test, MKC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mkcmocktest.com/">"Defense Mock Test"</a>. MKC Mock Test.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MKC+Mock+Test&rft.atitle=Defense+Mock+Test&rft.aulast=Mock+Test&rft.aufirst=MKC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmkcmocktest.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+national+missile+defense" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Institute" title="Lexington Institute">Thompson, Loren B.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.forbes.com/beltway/2011/03/21/missile-defense-becomes-a-navy-mission/">"Missile Defense Becomes A Navy Mission."</a> Forbes, 21 March 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_G._Mahnken2010" class="citation book cs1">Thomas G. Mahnken (2010). Technology and the American Way of War Since 1945. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0231123372" title="Special:BookSources/978-0231123372"><bdi>978-0231123372</bdi></a>. <q>Instead, on September 18, 1967, he announced the Sentinel ABM system.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Technology+and+the+American+Way+of+War+Since+1945&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0231123372&rft.au=Thomas+G.+Mahnken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+national+missile+defense" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Air Defense Artillery Magazine, May – June 1995 issue <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redstone.army.mil/history/vigilant/chap3.html">Vigilant and Invincible</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081224062029/http://www.redstone.army.mil/history/vigilant/chap3.html">Archived</a> 24 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Federation of American Scientists: Ballistic Missile Defense <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://fas.org/spp/starwars/congress/1996_h/h960927l.htm">https://fas.org/spp/starwars/congress/1996_h/h960927l.htm</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Missile Defence: International, Regional and National Implications, edited by Bertel Heurlin, et al. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151211161148/http://www.mda.mil/global/documents/pdf/1969%20Sentinel-Safeguard.pdf">"Edited extract from: Department of the Army Historical Summary"</a> (PDF). U.S. Army Center of Military History. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mda.mil/global/documents/pdf/1969%20Sentinel-Safeguard.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 11 December 2015. <q>out of the new concept came a new designation—Safeguard system</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edited+extract+from%3A+Department+of+the+Army+Historical+Summary&rft.pub=U.S.+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mda.mil%2Fglobal%2Fdocuments%2Fpdf%2F1969%2520Sentinel-Safeguard.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+national+missile+defense" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Reuters via Space.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/news/un_antimissile_991202_wg.html">U.N. Opposes U.S. Plan for Antimissile Defense</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090707051422/http://www.space.com/news/un_antimissile_991202_wg.html">Archived</a> 7 July 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 2 December 1999. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelley_M._SaylerStephen_M._McCall2021" class="citation report cs1">Kelley M. Sayler; Stephen M. McCall (11 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11623">Hypersonic Missile Defense: Issues for Congress</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a>. Retrieved 19 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Hypersonic+Missile+Defense%3A+Issues+for+Congress&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2021-06-11&rft.au=Kelley+M.+Sayler&rft.au=Stephen+M.+McCall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrsreports.congress.gov%2Fproduct%2Fpdf%2FIF%2FIF11623&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+national+missile+defense" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jj20nov21-10"><a href="#cite_ref-jj20nov21_10-0">^</a> Jen Judson <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defensenews.com/pentagon/2021/11/20/heres-the-three-companies-selected-to-design-hypersonic-missile-interceptors-for-mda/">(20 Nov 2121) Here are the three companies selected to design hypersonic missile interceptors for MDA</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-th27apr23-11"><a href="#cite_ref-th27apr23_11-0">^</a> Theresa Hitchens <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://breakingdefense.com/2023/04/dod-approves-next-step-for-gpi-to-defend-against-hypersonic-missiles/">(27 Apr 2023) DoD approves next step for GPI to defend against hypersonic missiles</a> "Industry has told us that they think they can go faster, and we're hopeful that we can accelerate the program", said Laura DeSimone, Missile Defense Agency executive director. </li> <li id="cite_note-bkApr23-12"><a href="#cite_ref-bkApr23_12-0">^</a> Brooks McKinney, APR <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.northropgrumman.com/space/hitting-a-bullet-with-a-bullet-counter-hypersonic-systems/">(April 2023) Hitting a Bullet with a Bullet</a> "An effective counter-hypersonic defense is actually a complete system. It starts from knowing that a threat is going to launch and includes sensing it, ensuring that the interceptor is getting real-time updates on the threat’s location and verifying that we have intercepted the most likely threat in a complex scene — and then if needed, getting the next one and the next one." </li> <li id="cite_note-th25apr23-13"><a href="#cite_ref-th25apr23_13-0">^</a> Theresa Hitchens <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://breakingdefense.com/2023/04/space-force-acquisition-czar-wraps-program-scorecard-puts-floundering-contractors-on-notice/">(25 Apr 2023) Space Force acquisition czar wraps program ‘scorecard,’ puts floundering contractors on notice</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-nb14apr23-14"><a href="#cite_ref-nb14apr23_14-0">^</a> Nabih Bulos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/latimes/status/1646804749763657728">(14 Apr 2023) Drones sold at Walmart help keep Ukraine in the battle for Bakhmut The long fight for Bakhmut is backed by consumer tech — messaging apps, teleconferencing services, cloud-synced mapping software and drones.</a> NABIH BULOS <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2023-04-14/drones-sold-at-walmart-help-keep-ukraine-in-the-battle-for-bakhmut">(14 Apr 2023) Drones sold at Walmart help keep Ukraine in the battle for Bakhmut</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-nt27jun22-15"><a href="#cite_ref-nt27jun22_15-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naval-technology.com/news/mda-contracts-glide-phase-interceptor/">(27 Jun 2022) US MDA awards contracts to continue developing Glide Phase Interceptor</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-ae21sep22-16"><a href="#cite_ref-ae21sep22_16-0">^</a> Andrew Eversden <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://breakingdefense.com/2022/09/raytheon-moves-to-preliminary-design-for-glide-phase-interceptor-for-hypersonic-defense/">(21 Sep 2022) Raytheon moves to preliminary design for Glide Phase Interceptor for hypersonic defense</a> "After completing the System Requirements Review-Prototype phase, Raytheon moves on to preliminary design, inching closer to a prototype in its competition with Northrop Grumman". </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alaskajournal.com/stories/060509/loc_img2_001.shtml">Begich, Gates visit Alaska missile defense base</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101129160036/http://www.alaskajournal.com/stories/060509/loc_img2_001.shtml">Archived</a> 29 November 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> By Tim Bradner, Alaska Journal of Commerce 5 June 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS197994+30-Oct-2009+GNW20091030">Northrop Grumman Contribution to Support Missile Defense Workforce in Alaska</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091104221744/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS197994+30-Oct-2009+GNW20091030">Archived</a> 4 November 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, reuters.com Fri 30 October 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blackfive.net/main/2008/08/commanding-the.html">"Commanding Alaska's Guard w/ 24/7 missile defense"</a>. 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(24 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://breakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com/2019/05/army-moves-out-on-lasers-hypersonics-lt-gen-thurgood/">"Army Moves Out On Lasers, Hypersonics: Lt. Gen. Thurgood"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Army+Moves+Out+On+Lasers%2C+Hypersonics%3A+Lt.+Gen.+Thurgood&rft.date=2019-05-24&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Brad+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbreakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com%2F2019%2F05%2Farmy-moves-out-on-lasers-hypersonics-lt-gen-thurgood%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+national+missile+defense" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-glideBody-97"><a href="#cite_ref-glideBody_97-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army.mil/article/212487/the_army_joins_the_air_force_navy_in_attempt_to_develop_hypersonic_weaponry">"The Army joins the Air Force, Navy in attempt to develop hypersonic weaponry"</a>. www.army.mil.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.army.mil&rft.atitle=The+Army+joins+the+Air+Force%2C+Navy+in+attempt+to+develop+hypersonic+weaponry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mil%2Farticle%2F212487%2Fthe_army_joins_the_air_force_navy_in_attempt_to_develop_hypersonic_weaponry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+national+missile+defense" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-armyHypersonics2019-98"><a href="#cite_ref-armyHypersonics2019_98-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army.mil/article/217024/experiments_in_hyperspeed">Mary Kate Aylward (5 February 2019) Experiments in hyperspeed</a> more on Prompt Global Strike </li> <li id="cite_note-APSboost-99">^ <a href="#cite_ref-APSboost_99-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-APSboost_99-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130224092112/http://rmp.aps.org/pdf/RMP/v76/i3/pS1_1">Report of the American Physical Society Study Group on Boost-Phase Intercept System for National Missile Defense: Scientific and Technical Issues, Rev. Mod. Phys. 76, S1 2004</a>. <a href="/wiki/David_K._Barton" title="David K. Barton">David K. Barton</a>, Roger Falcone, Daniel Kleppner, Frederick K. Lamb, Ming K. Lau, Harvey L. Lynch, David Moncton, David Montague, David E. Mosher, William Priedhorsky, Maury Tigner, and David R. Vaughan. </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> Physics Today published by the <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physicstoday.org/vol-57/iss-1/p30.html">Boost-Phase Defense Against Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070704002745/http://www.physicstoday.org/vol-57/iss-1/p30.html">Archived</a> 4 July 2007 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>. January 2004. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608161642/http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=14631">Missile Defense Program Moves Forward</a>, 2006.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mda.mil/">Missile Defense Agency site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE49H05Y20081018">U.S. to study possible space-based defense (2008)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/spp/starwars/program/nmd/">NMD page on Federation of American Scientists site</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160813144638/https://fas.org/spp/starwars/program/nmd/">Archived</a> 13 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://russianforces.org/files/BriefOnEastEuropeMissileDefenseProposal_August24,2007_FinalReduced.pdf">Theodore Postol's presentation for his critical report at the Congress</a> (August 2007)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080410131505/http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/oaw/poa/pdf/TEAS20.pdf">"Will the Eagle strangle the Dragon?"</a>, assessment of the challenges to China's <a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">deterrence</a> by the NMD, (February 2008).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USAF_system_codes" title="Template:USAF system codes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USAF_system_codes" title="Template talk:USAF system codes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USAF_system_codes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USAF system codes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Air_Force_system_numbers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> system numbers</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100–199</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-47_Stratojet" title="Boeing B-47 Stratojet">100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress" title="Boeing B-52 Stratofortress">101</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3D">P</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_B-58_Hustler" title="Convair B-58 Hustler">102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-62_Snark" title="SM-62 Snark">103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-64_Navaho" title="SM-64 Navaho">104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F-101_Voodoo" title="McDonnell F-101 Voodoo">105</a></li> <li>1061</li> <li>107 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SM-65_Atlas" title="SM-65 Atlas">A-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-68_Titan" title="SM-68 Titan">A-2</a></li></ul></li> <li>1081</li> <li>1091</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-70_Valkyrie" title="North American XB-70 Valkyrie">110</a></li> <li>1111</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAM-63_RASCAL" title="GAM-63 RASCAL">112</a></li> <li>1131</li> <li>1141</li> <li>1151</li> <li>1161</li> <li>117 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reconnaissance_Satellite_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reconnaissance Satellite System (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos_(satellite)" title="Samos (satellite)">M</a></li></ul></li> <li>118 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGM-118_Peacekeeper" title="LGM-118 Peacekeeper">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KA-27_(camera)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KA-27 (camera) (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypersonic_Reconnaissance_Manned_Boost-Glide_Rocket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypersonic Reconnaissance Manned Boost-Glide Rocket (page does not exist)">P</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-135_Stratolifter" title="Boeing C-135 Stratolifter">119</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3D">C/F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFM_International_CFM56" title="CFM International CFM56">E</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Photo-Reconnaissance_Balloon_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strategic Photo-Reconnaissance Balloon System (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_EC-135" title="Boeing EC-135">T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-135_Stratotanker" title="Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker">Y</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BGM-75_AICBM" title="BGM-75 AICBM">120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAM-67_Crossbow" title="GAM-67 Crossbow">121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADM-20_Quail" title="ADM-20 Quail">122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSM-73_Goose" title="XSM-73 Goose">123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WS-124A_Flying_Cloud" title="WS-124A Flying Cloud">124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WS-125" title="WS-125">125</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomber_Defense_Missile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bomber Defense Missile (page does not exist)">126</a></li> <li>1271</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WS-128A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WS-128A (page does not exist)">128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111_Aardvark" title="General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark">129</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WS-130A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WS-130A (page does not exist)">130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-28_Hound_Dog" title="AGM-28 Hound Dog">131</a></li> <li>132 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomber_Defense_Missile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bomber Defense Missile (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WS-132B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WS-132B (page does not exist)">B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGM-30_Minuteman" title="LGM-30 Minuteman">133</a></li> <li>1341</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WS-135A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WS-135A (page does not exist)">135</a></li> <li>1361</li> <li>1371</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAM-87_Skybolt" title="GAM-87 Skybolt">138</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_B-1_Lancer" title="Rockwell B-1 Lancer">139</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-69_SRAM" title="AGM-69 SRAM">140</a></li> <li>1411</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popeye_(missile)" title="Popeye (missile)">142</a></li> <li>143–1971</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WS-198A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WS-198A (page does not exist)">198</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WS-199" title="WS-199">199</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bold_Orion" title="Bold Orion">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Virgo" title="High Virgo">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Draco" title="Alpha Draco">D</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WS-199Y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WS-199Y (page does not exist)">Y</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200–299</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CIM-10_Bomarc" title="CIM-10 Bomarc">200</a></li> <li>201 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convair_F-102_Delta_Dagger" title="Convair F-102 Delta Dagger">A/L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_F-106_Delta_Dart" title="Convair F-106 Delta Dart">B/W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J75" title="Pratt & Whitney J75">E</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XF-108_Rapier" title="North American XF-108 Rapier">202</a></li> <li>2031</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-103" title="Republic XF-103">204</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-89_Scorpion" title="Northrop F-89 Scorpion">205</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86D_Sabre" title="North American F-86D Sabre">206</a></li> <li>2071</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIM-26_Falcon" title="AIM-26 Falcon">208</a></li> <li>2091</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos_(satellite)" title="Samos (satellite)">210</a></li> <li>2111</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Weapons_Control_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air Weapons Control System (page does not exist)">212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distant_Early_Warning_Line" title="Distant Early Warning Line">213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-121_Constellation" title="Lockheed C-121 Constellation">214</a></li> <li>2151</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Automatic_Ground_Environment" title="Semi-Automatic Ground Environment">216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F-101_Voodoo" title="McDonnell F-101 Voodoo">217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIM-8_Talos" title="RIM-8 Talos">218</a></li> <li>2191</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIM-4_Falcon" title="AIM-4 Falcon">220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinder" title="AIM-9 Sidewinder">221</a></li> <li>222 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Wizard" title="Project Wizard">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Electro-Optical_Countermeasures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advanced Electro-Optical Countermeasures (page does not exist)">G</a></li></ul></li> <li>2231</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nike_Zeus" title="Nike Zeus">224</a></li> <li>2251</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIM-7_Sparrow" title="AIM-7 Sparrow">226</a></li> <li>227–2381</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_Defense_Alarm_System" title="Missile Defense Alarm System">239</a></li> <li>240–2781</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_(rocket_family)" title="Scout (rocket family)">279</a></li> <li>280–2981</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WS-299A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WS-299A (page does not exist)">299</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">300–399</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-105_Thunderchief" title="Republic F-105 Thunderchief">300</a></li> <li>3011</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_XB-68" title="Martin XB-68">302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed F-104 Starfighter">303</a></li> <li>3041</li> <li>3051</li> <li>306 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-105_Thunderchief" title="Republic F-105 Thunderchief">A/L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-107" title="North American F-107">B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_B-57_Canberra" title="Martin B-57 Canberra">307</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-66_Destroyer" title="Douglas B-66 Destroyer">308</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM-13_Mace" title="MGM-13 Mace">309</a></li> <li>3101</li> <li>3111</li> <li>3121</li> <li>3131</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-62_Walleye" title="AGM-62 Walleye">314</a></li> <li>315 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PGM-17_Thor" title="PGM-17 Thor">A-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PGM-19_Jupiter" title="PGM-19 Jupiter">A-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">316</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Tank_Guided_Air_Rocket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-Tank Guided Air Rocket (page does not exist)">317</a></li> <li>3181</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-65_Maverick" title="AGM-65 Maverick">319</a></li> <li>3201</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-12_Bullpup" title="AGM-12 Bullpup">321</a></li> <li>3221</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_Strike/Reconnaissance_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tactical Strike/Reconnaissance System (page does not exist)">323</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111_Aardvark" title="General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark">324</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics%E2%80%93Grumman_EF-111A_Raven" title="General Dynamics–Grumman EF-111A Raven">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_TF30" title="Pratt & Whitney TF30">M/N</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_Medium_Range_Ballistic_Missile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobile Medium Range Ballistic Missile (page does not exist)">325</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">326</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">327</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_J79" title="General Electric J79">E</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle">328</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15E_Strike_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle">E</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Republic_A-10_Thunderbolt_II" title="Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II">329</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_TF34" title="General Electric TF34">F</a></li></ul></li> <li>3301</li> <li>3311</li> <li>3321</li> <li>3331</li> <li>3341</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_A-37_Dragonfly" title="Cessna A-37 Dragonfly">335</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">336</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTV_A-7_Corsair_II" title="LTV A-7 Corsair II">337</a></li> <li>338–3791</li> <li>380 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F100" title="Pratt & Whitney F100">A/B/E/F/N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_F110" title="General Electric F110">P</a></li></ul></li> <li>381–3971</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theater_Ballistic_Missile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theater Ballistic Missile (page does not exist)">398</a></li> <li>399 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WS-399A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WS-399A (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WS-399B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WS-399B (page does not exist)">B</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">400–499</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">400</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_AC-130" title="Lockheed AC-130">B/C/N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_T56" title="Allison T56">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_MC-130" title="Lockheed MC-130">G/H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_RC-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed RC-130 Hercules">M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-132" title="Douglas C-132">401</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-133_Cargomaster" title="Douglas C-133 Cargomaster">402</a></li> <li>4031</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Traffic_Control_And_Landing_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air Traffic Control And Landing System (page does not exist)">404</a></li> <li>405 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaceborne_Laser_Communications_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spaceborne Laser Communications System (page does not exist)">B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_405C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 405C (page does not exist)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_405D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 405D (page does not exist)">D</a></li> <li>4061</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ground_Theater_Air_Control_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ground Theater Air Control System (page does not exist)">407</a></li> <li>4081</li> <li>4091</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-5_Galaxy" title="Lockheed C-5 Galaxy">410</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_TF39" title="General Electric TF39">E</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Area_Surveillance_Control_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Area Surveillance Control System (page does not exist)">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-3_Sentry" title="Boeing E-3 Sentry">411</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3D">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_Warning_And_Control_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Airborne Warning And Control System">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Weapons_Control_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air Weapons Control System (page does not exist)">412</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distant_Early_Warning_Line" title="Distant Early Warning Line">413</a></li> <li>414 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmospheric_Early_Warning_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atmospheric Early Warning System (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-414M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-414M (page does not exist)">M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Airlift_Command_Integrated_Management_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military Airlift Command Integrated Management System (page does not exist)">415</a></li> <li>416 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Automatic_Ground_Environment" title="Semi-Automatic Ground Environment">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-Up_Interceptor_Control" title="Back-Up Interceptor Control">M (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Sands_Missile_Range_Surveillance_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White Sands Missile Range Surveillance System (page does not exist)">M (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seek_Dawn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seek Dawn (page does not exist)">P</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Digitizer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common Digitizer (page does not exist)">Q</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-417L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-417L (page does not exist)">417</a></li> <li>418 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryukyu_Air_Defense_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ryukyu Air Defense System (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hawaiian_Air_Defense_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hawaiian Air Defense System (page does not exist)">M</a></li></ul></li> <li>4191</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">420</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_T-38_Talon" title="Northrop T-38 Talon">L/W</a></li></ul></li> <li>4211</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-135_Stratotanker" title="Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker">422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_Digital_Network" title="Automatic Digital Network">423</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_T-37_Tweet" title="Cessna T-37 Tweet">424</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_Mountain_Complex" title="Cheyenne Mountain Complex">425</a></li> <li>426 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_AQM-35" title="Northrop AQM-35">L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-426M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-426M (page does not exist)">M</a></li></ul></li> <li>427 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_AQM-60_Kingfisher" title="Lockheed AQM-60 Kingfisher">L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Airlift_Command_Integrated_Management_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military Airlift Command Integrated Management System (page does not exist)">M</a></li></ul></li> <li>428 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Air_Ground_Intelligence_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marine Air Ground Intelligence System (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/URC-117_Ground_Wave_Emergency_Network" title="AN/URC-117 Ground Wave Emergency Network">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Firebee" title="Ryan Firebee">429</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photographic_Processing_and_Interpretation_Facility&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Photographic Processing and Interpretation Facility (page does not exist)">430</a></li> <li>431 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_431G&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 431G (page does not exist)">G (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traffic_Control_And_Landing_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traffic Control And Landing System (page does not exist)">G (II)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crash_Locator_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crash Locator System (page does not exist)">432</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=METRO_Weather_Observation_and_Forecasting_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="METRO Weather Observation and Forecasting System (page does not exist)">433</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Space_Surveillance_System" title="Air Force Space Surveillance System">434</a></li> <li>435 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy_Navigational_Satellite_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navy Navigational Satellite System (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_EC-135" title="Boeing EC-135">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Automated_Command_and_Control_System" title="Strategic Automated Command and Control System">436</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear-Armed_Unguided_Satellite_Inspection_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear-Armed Unguided Satellite Inspection System (page does not exist)">437</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AIDS_Intelligence_Data_Handling_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AIDS Intelligence Data Handling System (page does not exist)">438</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sea_Coastal_Cable_Communications_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sea Coastal Cable Communications System (page does not exist)">439</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forward_Scatter_Over-the-Horizon_Radar_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forward Scatter Over-the-Horizon Radar System (page does not exist)">440</a></li> <li>441 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cobra_Mist" title="Cobra Mist">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cobra_Talon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cobra Talon (page does not exist)">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Satellite_Communications" title="Air Force Satellite Communications">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_X-7" title="Lockheed X-7">442</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_UH-1_Iroquois" title="Bell UH-1 Iroquois">443</a></li> <li>4441</li> <li>445 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-445L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-445L (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-445M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-445M (page does not exist)">M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-4_Caribou" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou">446</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">447</a></li> <li>4481</li> <li>4491</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LORAN" title="LORAN">450</a></li> <li>451 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spain_Air_Defense_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spain Air Defense System (page does not exist)">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Tactical_Information_Distribution_System" title="Joint Tactical Information Distribution System">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">452</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Canada_VZ-9_Avrocar" title="Avro Canada VZ-9 Avrocar">453</a></li> <li>4541</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HYWARDS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HYWARDS (page does not exist)">455</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadrajector&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quadrajector (page does not exist)">456</a></li> <li>4571</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wideband_Transmission_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wideband Transmission System (page does not exist)">458</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-459L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-459L (page does not exist)">459</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_E-8_Joint_STARS" title="Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS">460</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_WC-135_Constant_Phoenix" title="Boeing WC-135 Constant Phoenix">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High-Altitude_Balloon_Reconnaissance_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High-Altitude Balloon Reconnaissance System (page does not exist)">461</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_AQM-37_Jayhawk" title="Beechcraft AQM-37 Jayhawk">462</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/463L_master_pallet" title="463L master pallet">463</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-20_Dyna-Soar" title="Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar">464</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITT_465L_Strategic_Air_Command_Control_System" title="ITT 465L Strategic Air Command Control System">465</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=466L_Electromagnetic_Intelligence_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="466L Electromagnetic Intelligence System (page does not exist)">466</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Navigational_Training_Support_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advanced Navigational Training Support System (page does not exist)">467</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_JetStar" title="Lockheed JetStar">468</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conversion_Of_Range_Telemetry_Systems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conversion Of Range Telemetry Systems (page does not exist)">469</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_470L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 470L (page does not exist)">470</a></li> <li>471 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Vertol_CH-46_Sea_Knight" title="Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight">L (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_CH-47_Chinook" title="Boeing CH-47 Chinook">L (II)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Support_System_Test_Aircraft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Support System Test Aircraft (page does not exist)">472</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USAF_Command_and_Control_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USAF Command and Control System (page does not exist)">473</a></li> <li>474 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System" title="Ballistic Missile Early Warning System">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/FPS-26_Radar" title="AN/FPS-26 Radar">N</a></li></ul></li> <li>4751</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-141_Starlifter" title="Lockheed C-141 Starlifter">476</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3D">E</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_477L_Nuclear_Detection_and_Reporting_System" title="GE 477L Nuclear Detection and Reporting System">477</a></li> <li>478 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LTV_XC-142" title="LTV XC-142">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tri-Service_Tactical_Communications_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tri-Service Tactical Communications System (page does not exist)">T</a></li></ul></li> <li>4791</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-480L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-480L (page does not exist)">480</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-4" title="Boeing E-4">481</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Attack_Command_and_Control_System" title="Post-Attack Command and Control System">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_CH-53_Sea_Stallion" title="Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion">482</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_T64" title="General Electric T64">E</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ground_Theater_Air_Control_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ground Theater Air Control System (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_MH-53" title="Sikorsky MH-53">M/Z</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air/Ground_Digital_Secure_Teletype_Communication_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air/Ground Digital Secure Teletype Communication System (page does not exist)">483</a></li> <li>484 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Frequency_Global_Communication_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High Frequency Global Communication System (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Build_Back&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Build Back (page does not exist)">M</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wet_Wash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wet Wash (page does not exist)">N</a></li></ul></li> <li>485 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ground_Theater_Air_Control_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ground Theater Air Control System (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-61R" title="Sikorsky S-61R">Z</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_Communications_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mediterranean Communications System (page does not exist)">486</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survivable_Low_Frequency_Communications_System" title="Survivable Low Frequency Communications System">487</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Pine_(communications)" title="Green Pine (communications)">488</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Area_Command_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Area Command System (page does not exist)">489</a></li> <li>490 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automatic_Voice_Network_of_the_Defense_Communications_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automatic Voice Network of the Defense Communications System (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post_Attack_Intercontinental_Link&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Post Attack Intercontinental Link (page does not exist)">M</a></li></ul></li> <li>4911</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Strike_Command_and_Control&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Strike Command and Control (page does not exist)">492</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_Secure_Voice_Communications_Network" title="Automatic Secure Voice Communications Network">493</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/DRC-8_Emergency_Rocket_Communications_System" title="AN/DRC-8 Emergency Rocket Communications System">494</a></li> <li>495 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IFF_Mark_XII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IFF Mark XII (page does not exist)">L (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Command_and_Control_Information_Processing_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Command and Control Information Processing System (page does not exist)">L (II)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Surveillance_Network" title="United States Space Surveillance Network">496</a></li> <li>497 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-497A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-497A (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automatic_Digital_Switching_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automatic Digital Switching System (page does not exist)">L (I)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">L</a></li></ul></li> <li>498 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-498A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-498A (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Communications_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strategic Communications System (page does not exist)">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Air_Transport_Service" title="Military Air Transport Service">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milstar" title="Milstar">L</a></li></ul></li> <li>499 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-499A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-499A (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-499C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-499C (page does not exist)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-499D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-499D (page does not exist)">D</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500–599</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ground_Communication_Product_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ground Communication Product Group (page does not exist)">500</a></li> <li>501–5191</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OS-520B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OS-520B (page does not exist)">520</a></li> <li>521–5291</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OS-530A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OS-530A (page does not exist)">530</a></li> <li>531–5411</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_542N&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 542N (page does not exist)">542</a></li> <li>543–5491</li> <li>550 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OS-550A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OS-550A (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OS-550E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OS-550E (page does not exist)">E</a></li></ul></li> <li>551–5591</li> <li>560 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OS-560A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OS-560A (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OS-560F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OS-560F (page does not exist)">F</a></li></ul></li> <li>561–5691</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OS-570A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OS-570A (page does not exist)">570</a></li> <li>571–5791</li> <li>580 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OS-580A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OS-580A (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OS-580E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OS-580E (page does not exist)">E</a></li></ul></li> <li>581–5891</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_590K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 590K (page does not exist)">590</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GBU-15" title="GBU-15">591</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_592K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 592K (page does not exist)">592</a></li> <li>593–5991</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">600–699</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-600A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-600A (page does not exist)">600</a></li> <li>601 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_X-7" title="Lockheed X-7">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Aerospace_Offensive_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advanced Aerospace Offensive System (page does not exist)">L</a></li></ul></li> <li>602 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_XV-3" title="Bell XV-3">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Aerospace_Defensive_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advanced Aerospace Defensive System (page does not exist)">L</a></li></ul></li> <li>603 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_X-13_Vertijet" title="Ryan X-13 Vertijet">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_Forces_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tactical Forces System (page does not exist)">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-604A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-604A (page does not exist)">604</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">605</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Canada_VZ-9_Avrocar" title="Avro Canada VZ-9 Avrocar">606</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiller_X-18" title="Hiller X-18">607</a></li> <li>6081</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_(rocket_family)" title="Scout (rocket family)">609</a></li> <li>6101</li> <li>6111</li> <li>6121</li> <li>6131</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-614A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-614A (page does not exist)">614</a></li> <li>6151</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_Essential_Emergency_Communications_Network" title="Minimum Essential Emergency Communications Network">616</a></li> <li>6171</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-618A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-618A (page does not exist)">618</a></li> <li>6191</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-20_Dyna-Soar" title="Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar">620</a></li> <li>621 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_SAINT" title="Project SAINT">A/B (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Integrated_NavSat/Inertial_Test_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Integrated NavSat/Inertial Test System (page does not exist)">B (II)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORONA_(satellite)" title="CORONA (satellite)">622</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Large_Solid-Propellant_Launch_Vehicle_Rocket_Motor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Large Solid-Propellant Launch Vehicle Rocket Motor (page does not exist)">623</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(rocket_family)" title="Titan (rocket family)">624</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-625A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-625A (page does not exist)">625</a></li> <li>6261</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Ballistic_Reentry_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advanced Ballistic Reentry System (page does not exist)">627</a></li> <li>6281</li> <li>6291</li> <li>6301</li> <li>6311</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/AAR-44&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/AAR-44 (page does not exist)">632</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stellar_Inertial_Doppler_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stellar Inertial Doppler System (page does not exist)">633</a></li> <li>634 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cobra_Dane" title="Cobra Dane">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Tactical_Information_Distribution_System" title="Joint Tactical Information Distribution System">B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALE-24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALE-24 (page does not exist)">635</a></li> <li>6361</li> <li>6371</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAM-87_Skybolt" title="GAM-87 Skybolt">638</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALE-40&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALE-40 (page does not exist)">639</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALE-45&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALE-45 (page does not exist)">640</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/ALE-47" title="AN/ALE-47">641</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seek_Point&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seek Point (page does not exist)">642</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALQ-184&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALQ-184 (page does not exist)">643</a></li> <li>6441</li> <li>6451</li> <li>6461</li> <li>6471</li> <li>648 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RM-81_Agena" title="RM-81 Agena">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_648D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 648D (page does not exist)">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/ALQ-99" title="AN/ALQ-99">P</a></li></ul></li> <li>649 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-649A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-649A (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-649B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-649B (page does not exist)">B</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WS-649C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WS-649C (page does not exist)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-649D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-649D (page does not exist)">D</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Counterweapons_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Counterweapons System (page does not exist)">E</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satellite_Inspection_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satellite Inspection System (page does not exist)">F</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Combat_Weapon_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Combat Weapon System (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dash_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Dash 10">P</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-650A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-650A (page does not exist)">650</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_651A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 651A (page does not exist)">651</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALQ-122&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALQ-122 (page does not exist)">652</a></li> <li>6531</li> <li>6541</li> <li>655 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-655A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-655A (page does not exist)">A (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low_Altutude_Short_Range_Missile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Low Altutude Short Range Missile (page does not exist)">A (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALQ-131&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALQ-131 (page does not exist)">P</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/ALQ-135" title="AN/ALQ-135">656</a></li> <li>6571</li> <li>6581</li> <li>6591</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALQ-155&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALQ-155 (page does not exist)">660</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALQ-161&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALQ-161 (page does not exist)">661</a></li> <li>6621</li> <li>6631</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALQ-172&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALQ-172 (page does not exist)">664</a></li> <li>665 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-665A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-665A (page does not exist)">A (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multi-Sensor_Airborne_Reconnaissance/Strike_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multi-Sensor Airborne Reconnaissance/Strike System (page does not exist)">A (II)</a></li></ul></li> <li>666 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Integrated_NavSat/Inertial_Test_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Integrated NavSat/Inertial Test System (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALQ-184&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALQ-184 (page does not exist)">C/P</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_667A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 667A (page does not exist)">667</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_668A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 668A (page does not exist)">668</a></li> <li>6691</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_670B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 670B (page does not exist)">670</a></li> <li>6711</li> <li>672 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_ICBM_Technology_Program&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advanced ICBM Technology Program (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALR-56&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALR-56 (page does not exist)">M/P</a></li></ul></li> <li>6731</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALR-69&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALR-69 (page does not exist)">674</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-675A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-675A (page does not exist)">675</a></li> <li>6761</li> <li>6771</li> <li>6781</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_679A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 679A (page does not exist)">679</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Survivable_Flight_Control_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Survivable Flight Control System (page does not exist)">680</a></li> <li>681 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_681D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 681D (page does not exist)">D</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Base_Installation_Security_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Base Installation Security System (page does not exist)">E</a></li></ul></li> <li>6821</li> <li>683 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vela_(satellite)" title="Vela (satellite)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_Air_Control_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tactical Air Control System (page does not exist)">J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_T-43" title="Boeing T-43">V</a></li></ul></li> <li>6841</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-685A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-685A (page does not exist)">685</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aircraft_Flight_Simulation_Complex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aircraft Flight Simulation Complex (page does not exist)">686</a></li> <li>687 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TACSATCOM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TACSATCOM (page does not exist)">J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">P</a></li></ul></li> <li>6881</li> <li>6891</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_690K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 690K (page does not exist)">690</a></li> <li>691 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AGM-86_ALCM" title="AGM-86 ALCM">C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_691X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 691X (page does not exist)">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Military_Command_and_Control_System" title="Worldwide Military Command and Control System">Z</a></li></ul></li> <li>6921</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_X-13_Vertijet" title="Ryan X-13 Vertijet">693</a></li> <li>6941</li> <li>695 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSER" title="ANSER">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itek" title="Itek">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIT_Lincoln_Laboratory" title="MIT Lincoln Laboratory">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-65_Atlas" title="SM-65 Atlas">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-68_Titan" title="SM-68 Titan">P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PGM-17_Thor" title="PGM-17 Thor">Q</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGM-30_Minuteman" title="LGM-30 Minuteman">R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos_(satellite)" title="Samos (satellite)">S (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_Defense_Alarm_System" title="Missile Defense Alarm System">S (II)</a></li></ul></li> <li>6961</li> <li>6971</li> <li>6981</li> <li>6991</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">700–799</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>700–7351</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/APR-46&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/APR-46 (page does not exist)">736</a></li> <li>7371</li> <li>7381</li> <li>7391</li> <li>7401</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_Electronic_Warfare_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tactical Electronic Warfare System (page does not exist)">741</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LANTIRN" title="LANTIRN">742</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LANTIRN" title="LANTIRN">743</a></li> <li>7441</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Satellite_Communications_Directorate" title="Military Satellite Communications Directorate">745</a></li> <li>746–7531</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALM-234&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALM-234 (page does not exist)">754</a></li> <li>755–7991</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">800–899</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>8001</li> <li>8011</li> <li>802 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_802L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 802L (page does not exist)">L (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Frequency_Global_Communication_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High Frequency Global Communication System (page does not exist)">L (II)</a></li></ul></li> <li>8031</li> <li>8041</li> <li>8051</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Range_Threat_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Range Threat System (page does not exist)">806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Support_Program" title="Defense Support Program">807</a></li> <li>808–8161</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Technical_Sensor_Collection_Systems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technical Sensor Collection Systems (page does not exist)">817</a></li> <li>8181</li> <li>8191</li> <li>8201</li> <li>8211</li> <li>8221</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_823L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 823L (page does not exist)">823</a></li> <li>824–8311</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Meteorological_Satellite_Program" title="Defense Meteorological Satellite Program">832</a></li> <li>8331</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">834</a></li> <li>835–8451</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Range_Threat_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Range Threat System (page does not exist)">846</a></li> <li>847–8991</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">900–999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>900–9511</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">952</a></li> <li>8531</li> <li>8541</li> <li>8551</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-6" title="Douglas DC-6">956</a></li> <li>957–9671</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacer_Harmony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacer Harmony (page does not exist)">968</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1 Unknown or not assigned</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&oldid=1249008958">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_national_missile_defense&oldid=1249008958</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Programs_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Category:Programs of the United States Space Force">Programs of the United States Space Force</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rocketry" title="Category:Rocketry">Rocketry</a></li><li><a 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