CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913580358f67a042',cH: 'wKCFDhwDILL5Aqn7iwduYM9oS0Vmg3Rqt9j8iua.vkw-1739792407-1.2.1.1-i_XQ9.CjZC.Tuvj6FrWn9TL3qN7bZQS.wY0vS57ZxHivnNsfKbAXsvtLaOryJq9d',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Muhammad%20Ali%20Asadullah&__cf_chl_tk=Wa_Gx7ktDzslWqeono5wX6ulbsmquRTH2q9MzpwzTn0-1739792407-1.0.1.1-SU93nmEtYoBMP0jDazborSkNAk37bmRrKAz25KYIiCo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739792407',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Muhammad%20Ali%20Asadullah&__cf_chl_f_tk=Wa_Gx7ktDzslWqeono5wX6ulbsmquRTH2q9MzpwzTn0-1739792407-1.0.1.1-SU93nmEtYoBMP0jDazborSkNAk37bmRrKAz25KYIiCo",md: "seGnVi00A8uQqoxHzASGZuVXkK0B25DA8eyGX.kUnFE-1739792407-1.2.1.1-i7Sssfl8ZLfPsNr5HP7NKTclgu4PInsHH3JPW5NqTR46LUwzsyqT9zlxJHal6s78enPEo3ukzm8VBvjyA4P7I8HpIVORwQKJIYqkEelqpf26vXt5WhCc2fxBr1cAibCVtrt5HTX32d3UZ3Fy565hkToqjykHsLe79KqI6fgAQl65Qz7nm9NkwzlVgQmyLOWL7hu2l1gDmFYbozxcrBNK0ZqL75s.HcLRmcVCHMYTSzMFq5lZTvIbIDt0m3FSbhHhrlThDcGW4R8bOZrZyqATxfu6iYE6s_O.CwYbX34_bxhwDDStl46cD010ntO1S4WfDkKtkOTgSlcZhwFBRQZWydF2b_3TA64O0W3XBkStHs4b7XwQJpNvMOPUJ9GBORky1RhwPR2.sgm6xbL9nlI.Ksl3lQcSMVf7mvmXbcLyaBC9epCZHMUP1KPDQ0FbmffS9Yh8NyxiZJ8mZv9NxqCk2kvUkFkslPEC_gUCsSogK8PL0S5z8Yr5PP4A2_G0zXs00zB4Lkw5jGCxglU6d7zV.E3SK3Q4ExN0bxiVrlo_cohCKqlariDrTWoQGKnSeiOy4CmjXfpAWyQ3BC1uE3nTEoHz.XuZvKkvMcazzth1FF1VVQ69K4Zkv8tmiMnJQvCGoLwHaOz33rHfS9X6DxLWGzWP7PE1ALR3vuAdANBURKAgTPuy2jvYbvlZ9SnIl1kapRT7XSCfe7xCwlrHV5ZCQyXA9zeM2Qb.FP2Ac4dGmGOd8o6RRMjUTx2pubDbWJ9yLzjL8_5jH1j9x_f1ejkTB9sG_Xnt7R5MvSUkK4kyWw0M6hLrBtGpW7PK8oHkWgYtygziG4G9Gipl8NZMjB4PSA_xhgZiHv51fWvGNep6DOQljMGksV1BKNrgUl.cBO5iI5ORKd1UDXkUH51E3ygenk9pkstDSDZjdoHunn9yxj6C77BLFS3dMabO86mP4jBY4F.BtSi3sZ0OLLKaM55NuQfnQYqXwktN4u_UiYSOE82aNfKU1a5Yqq_tCvtXn0jKHHLiLgazoIAU7A2vhgX2FqdkIW5Hnx1oXRsT54C03tHdVTE9V4Fc5qMy048F5somuDdR5QM1C7P3WGi1Vh2HKYdrOvdzTk6_MnD3TFsykCi5LjNweMUGyobb2TxtJFNfn1.0aguDJYnlf3jdM_0ffSXSYJeqGtSrcf9xCkgltTuq9r99Y8fO16WtzYEbG9XLhWVUtr8sO12o4CJ5AnNTcWEQoSKuG69CiV05xqoKDmwsP3IqJQS0bmwPR_ngGv7fec0yxRXAm82sNEA3sTOQ4PwEIJALRnaBtiw2V4JZH8UK0S7OkX1kd3c__Q5RQTOXQ_deE8wzr1HX5nxGg0xq84X2nuAi6nHGrMcvUJV9.7pdpwGXLJsKJSmBcPVxfwWPIfaQZ53agNzt8RUamMR2b0KaJ5PIfdV42osEFi0rIeWI9q3o.Ou6_qUR7xF4zY53OHsbLBa2oBo8cNqBZ6HNdrWi0dFb25aGZ_biETYeNOe2KbpyHh56Z0X3IDs2Ypf3xaxjjrNmXcAt59oiVgkyqBW63iNOJryrvtTqLeFBG31ikUZKSVRgJ17GsZhelvzEGiQM2q7cHpqzOW_w_BW5WctJKklZdxrJJzekPno47zMNMrlyLoR7_dO9BcJI5emr20NpbUOk_ACNQZPuRukQVbXktHo689L1XU37fTIPMPsYPw02sqbmbB5.jSv_K5.g2sr1HTu9q0X_OyF6RQACiVn_sfu.XZ6hk0JZ3T1V8VYbr91KiSbXpw0m_onHXOBHBo2Iz0SlkWtamDTJifXczxPEyY1iNwTLOkhTAVGJeW_X_apZLb.QR5qWqu80sJH2XZKjVQq8T7.tp1tsf95TrGK5dVmn1nDwucjVz5uKQEdgENkg6XjGqkmFHsR.zpqo1zJy5Aplp0RhN1i81QqViHexNRUdMJJtinT43KUSeX45WCUO_HZZE9lwGYR6ZEpZ",mdrd: "5Kqiuha2GIFXhchr9wTkjmzaSiC9jyIO_xiOUVGkFWk-1739792407-1.2.1.1-uRX7bwfd9KTLdYOfqQYSBa1dooTU0HwxXW8CbO8oddAQJ6s.jI0lnV6vo6a674HC8xSgkx_24My7itvu03CYtR415K6ZRyTBP.xZhwm4smbalPZveOOFCe5qPoAG8EcVKU9gxeUmd9CAzz3sZChVCqWbNptLHiFVjSajf80zVQW4Atu4lwEiZY4Tk8vSh7D5XhA0x2UURad1fQb9HLgGglQtK9mTs2wgD2o_6wbBnoYV_2Xv7gGSPf1PQgj0FVGnQi0sgRPSjUdthZATQcbjnYSp8wcu7FqzlUr33dIkNOb37Z3J1iRrgba.ADM4Ww5WwxbFKXML7RBLPa.WrJUFLLMT7FiHq_IpqP3cIonKkcgKfiIUENTcjc.7SCC5ocatecx3NXE6ZS.sjpMBfdWwkVtOMGfP__fatsfB5zi5uRJhje1qBwU9zM4F9efflbz1Ami7D8nbix7d3j5Dc7IkY.EcbZuLpNLcBtVztCAKFYxoZBKhUOXBLtz1utZGLgZ7QeCCimw6ONUVICcAnllCLKU38Hi4cs40kSXai0WDv_XhXpKwC8nDAIJSn5ZgHDrozDT9Gebxn7r_1kPpueYbRriSAaY0RsKObmFAmjm4eQ.sE4.otAFzFL7m8PCdkEuV_cweNV3Lsp4ya85mfQQ_Dx0CWWCXKyNlTXTmCst18LJ1Ew7PV.I04hOJIM_1Y0n1kca0AAVQEaAgXRxQwqQHN10gp5U_XgYRDTbBQ10XwIoGG2QoMlb7rU0Os2IPM3yvUru8f5c9VdgtCgvxuUqaIyrINMuG_M2rLYmbOzjc5ZZuYyfMsgbcvoSXcGIRm4Fy2pVfuEHsTcyjCsT.CTz0GhBe3eCgYj_s_pGP8XIOqxt4ZfwTNArGEI8MjqAkIR84qEyq9MtHafFd8DYYBdiw2EfXh7Z2SbnjTVLqSElEeWwXFz8EAmQm37HWP7lsl_qZMMpYaoM4ZpQIde2IWkRzv9q4nwDNCjanzHiEZ_Ymf6H6TY9jdKqssJVHtcF5xl99Jjp86ToatxNsMy.WKqlUBV5jo67qo6ZknWW6lUQM85M2GkyMfhwcwHjHv5bDmsRvau.tCBIwMEBVU14ULTranie0Ww5m10B_5xAyVPZf5rTfZl6yXDf1PYju1UHhit9SdCTz0TyzEZjLwzrTLn3ssHtYYqpRlhIiyZpZ_2HC4hrtMc6bHFW4PWIB_HUr28Y_6YQUARUIOj1.2zY7Gx.iBGhU_4kFcNxwgJwxTkODVl0V0vMLi0_C.Z8oImiO732sfwOnSEHonLor.ByRY7EAVhDhl93KSGofiYmWvPggPKHzVS.s.RWDbryDLtqjo7JewnxzoLJtHhktZ1PN5g6AGsQjEVqC_U5zkklXP.ScmuvsdeQUJ_v4FFcC.dPrLjhLpPHReklwDE01K20YRAOxc6wmiqKSoSvhOaGrK5D7otCrWHbf1lfMbFWpnTOuFxOHELfxYp_JKDmTL7KpJ4dmZtb5SA0JeYtx2kVKgAlemM2EB93_D8YsABy7dd.Ew6x2izZT7oWh0uAAdriexeHDYEXn48BVeWzSZauvllgimNg8ftTRiWksDrfbuJqwCt7AzmPazxCK76jcqMabsIl61wyhYDleYV.aacNoyUGOgKNO7ZFphcytjHZOswx7d74pW5IA9cnr8oS4dj6MPH0tLMsbkK3fOt9tcZmVlZ7Ji2gKOkYeSxX5IAssGZ4Qb.VVTbzJA.SHLOOagfvBcXw.bCl0eR3K1b0kJFIBI5Zh2TZNPi_EVg5RQdl6uV2_PDwl1UEKt0cBc3PJDw950xMf_D.hd_3g.1GBxkBT3y9QhTh7b8czGn52CCVdDzZPhuzZUXedCVMTTVfJAtSV_i18ODwvX.jNcVcu7y1D5gym05UYUx9anxb0.46TbXq3zNbMNx6cegtic3VH6ZMN55euK5pJuH09x752_ApP2tlAX8NpbJ.v2QVEYjPryxN6DrfT7FMSuc9Dxcm2FGN1r11GvA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913580358f67a042';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Muhammad%20Ali%20Asadullah&__cf_chl_rt_tk=Wa_Gx7ktDzslWqeono5wX6ulbsmquRTH2q9MzpwzTn0-1739792407-1.0.1.1-SU93nmEtYoBMP0jDazborSkNAk37bmRrKAz25KYIiCo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>