CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c84c8028-d1d9-42cf-a3f4-360168e4443f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima","wgTitle":"Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima","wgCurRevisionId":1255278973,"wgRevisionId":1255278973,"wgArticleId":450590,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from July 2012","CS1 maint: unfit URL","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from May 2012","Use American English from January 2016","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Articles containing Japanese-language text","All articles with unsourced statements", "Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2022","Articles lacking reliable references from January 2022","Source attribution","Commons category link from Wikidata","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","Articles containing video clips","1945 photographs","1945 in art","Battle of Iwo Jima","Black-and-white photographs","Flags of the United States","Pacific Ocean theater of World War II","Photography in Japan","Pulitzer Prize–winning photographs","Special events flags","Non-fiction works about the United States Marine Corps","United States Marine Corps in World War II","United States Marine Corps lore and symbols","World War II photographs","Associated Press","Flags in art","Photographs of people"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima","wgRelevantArticleId":450590,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q117693","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics": true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima%2C_larger_-_edit1.jpg/1200px-Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima%2C_larger_-_edit1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="909"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima%2C_larger_-_edit1.jpg/800px-Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima%2C_larger_-_edit1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="606"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima%2C_larger_-_edit1.jpg/640px-Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima%2C_larger_-_edit1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="485"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima rootpage-Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Raising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Raising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Raising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Raising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Background </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Two_flag-raisings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Two_flag-raisings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Two flag-raisings </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Two_flag-raisings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Two flag-raisings subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Two_flag-raisings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Raising_the_first_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raising_the_first_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Raising the first flag </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raising_the_first_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Raising_the_second_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raising_the_second_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Raising the second flag </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raising_the_second_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rosenthal's_photograph" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rosenthal's_photograph"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Rosenthal's photograph </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rosenthal's_photograph-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publication_and_staging_confusion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publication_and_staging_confusion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Publication and staging confusion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publication_and_staging_confusion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incorrect_identifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incorrect_identifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Incorrect identifications </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Incorrect_identifications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Incorrect identifications subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Incorrect_identifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Harlon_Block_and_Henry_Hansen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harlon_Block_and_Henry_Hansen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Harlon Block and Henry Hansen </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harlon_Block_and_Henry_Hansen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harold_H._Schultz_and_John_Bradley" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harold_H._Schultz_and_John_Bradley"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Harold H. Schultz and John Bradley </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harold_H._Schultz_and_John_Bradley-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harold_Keller_and_Rene_Gagnon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harold_Keller_and_Rene_Gagnon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Harold Keller and Rene Gagnon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harold_Keller_and_Rene_Gagnon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_other_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_other_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 In other media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_other_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" > 38 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7" title="رفع العلم فوق إيو جيما – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رفع العلم فوق إيو جيما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erguiendo_la_bandera_n%27Iwo_Jima" title="Erguiendo la bandera n'Iwo Jima – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Erguiendo la bandera n'Iwo Jima" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%86%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Узняцце сцяга на Іодзіме – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Узняцце сцяга на Іодзіме" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Издигане на знамето на Иво Джима – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Издигане на знамето на Иво Джима" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_sevel_ar_Banniel_en_Iwo_Jima" title="O sevel ar Banniel en Iwo Jima – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="O sevel ar Banniel en Iwo Jima" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A7ant_la_bandera_a_Iwo_Jima" title="Alçant la bandera a Iwo Jima – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alçant la bandera a Iwo Jima" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vzty%C4%8Dov%C3%A1n%C3%AD_vlajky_na_Iwod%C5%BEim%C4%9B" title="Vztyčování vlajky na Iwodžimě – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vztyčování vlajky na Iwodžimě" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima" title="Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzando_la_bandera_en_Iwo_Jima" title="Alzando la bandera en Iwo Jima – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alzando la bandera en Iwo Jima" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisante_la_flagon_en_Iwo_Jima" title="Hisante la flagon en Iwo Jima – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hisante la flagon en Iwo Jima" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_goratuz_Iwo_Jiman" title="Bandera goratuz Iwo Jiman – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bandera goratuz Iwo Jiman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7" title="برافراشتن پرچم در ایوو جیما – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برافراشتن پرچم در ایوو جیما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima" title="Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erguendo_a_bandeira_en_Iwo_Jima" title="Erguendo a bandeira en Iwo Jima – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Erguendo a bandeira en Iwo Jima" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EC%A7%80%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%98_%EC%84%B1%EC%A1%B0%EA%B8%B0" title="이오지마의 성조기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이오지마의 성조기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BE%D5%B8%D5%B1%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%A1_%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B7_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A8" title="Իվոձիմայի վրա դրոշ բարձրացնելը – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իվոձիմայի վրա դրոշ բարձրացնելը" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengibaran_Bendera_di_Iwo_Jima" title="Pengibaran Bendera di Iwo Jima – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pengibaran Bendera di Iwo Jima" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima" title="Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95_%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%94" title="הנפת הדגל באיוו ג'ימה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנפת הדגל באיוו ג'ימה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%91%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%83" title="Иводзиманы башында байракъны кётюрюу – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Иводзиманы башында байракъны кётюрюу" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karoga_pacel%C5%A1ana_Ivodzim%C4%81" title="Karoga pacelšana Ivodzimā – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Karoga pacelšana Ivodzimā" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="ഇവോ ജിമയിലെ ധ്വജാരോഹണം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇവോ ജിമയിലെ ധ്വജാരോഹണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima" title="Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima" title="Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%BB%84%E5%B3%B6%E3%81%AE%E6%98%9F%E6%9D%A1%E6%97%97" title="硫黄島の星条旗 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="硫黄島の星条旗" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%ABRaising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima%C2%BB" title="«Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima» – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="«Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima»" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sztandar_nad_Iwo_Jim%C4%85" title="Sztandar nad Iwo Jimą – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sztandar nad Iwo Jimą" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima" title="Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8En%C4%83l%C8%9Barea_drapelului_pe_Iwo_Jima" title="Înălțarea drapelului pe Iwo Jima – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Înălțarea drapelului pe Iwo Jima" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Водружение флага над Иводзимой – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Водружение флага над Иводзимой" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwo_Jiman_lipunnosto" title="Iwo Jiman lipunnosto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Iwo Jiman lipunnosto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima" title="Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagtaas_ng_Watawat_sa_Iwo_Jima" title="Pagtaas ng Watawat sa Iwo Jima – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagtaas ng Watawat sa Iwo Jima" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0" title="การปักธงที่อิโวะจิมะ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การปักธงที่อิโวะจิมะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwo_Jima%27da_Bayra%C4%9F%C4%B1_Y%C3%BCkseltmek" title="Iwo Jima'da Bayrağı Yükseltmek – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Iwo Jima'da Bayrağı Yükseltmek" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%86%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Підняття прапора на Іодзіма – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Підняття прапора на Іодзіма" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%B1ng_c%E1%BB%9D_chi%E1%BA%BFn_th%E1%BA%AFng_tr%C3%AAn_%C4%91%E1%BA%A3o_Iwo_Jima" title="Dựng cờ chiến thắng trên đảo Iwo Jima – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dựng cờ chiến thắng trên đảo Iwo Jima" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E7%A3%BA%E5%B3%B6%E5%8D%87%E6%97%97" title="硫磺島升旗 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="硫磺島升旗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q117693#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&oldid=1255278973" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&id=1255278973&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRaising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRaising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q117693" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1945 photograph by Joe Rosenthal</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima,_larger_-_edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima%2C_larger_-_edit1.jpg/310px-Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima%2C_larger_-_edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima%2C_larger_-_edit1.jpg/465px-Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima%2C_larger_-_edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima%2C_larger_-_edit1.jpg/620px-Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima%2C_larger_-_edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2959" data-file-height="2241" /></a><figcaption>Raising the Flag on <a href="/wiki/Iwo_Jima" title="Iwo Jima">Iwo Jima</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Rosenthal" title="Joe Rosenthal">Joe Rosenthal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></figcaption></figure> Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: 硫黄島の星条旗, <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a>: Iōtō no Seijōki) is an iconic photograph of six <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marines</a> raising the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">U.S. flag</a> atop <a href="/wiki/Mount_Suribachi" title="Mount Suribachi">Mount Suribachi</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</a> in the final stages of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a>. Taken by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Rosenthal" title="Joe Rosenthal">Joe Rosenthal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> on February 22, 1945, the photograph was published in Sunday newspapers two days later and reprinted in thousands of publications. It won the 1945 <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Photography" title="Pulitzer Prize for Photography">Pulitzer Prize for Photography</a> and has come to be regarded in the United States as one of the most recognizable images of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The flag raising occurred in the early afternoon, after the mountaintop was captured and a smaller flag was raised on top that morning. Three of the six Marines in the photograph—Sergeant <a href="/wiki/Michael_Strank" title="Michael Strank">Michael Strank</a>, Corporal <a href="/wiki/Harlon_Block" title="Harlon Block">Harlon Block</a>, and Private First Class <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Sousley" title="Franklin Sousley">Franklin Sousley</a>—would be killed in action during the battle; Block was identified as Sergeant <a href="/wiki/Henry_Oliver_Hansen" title="Henry Oliver Hansen">Hank Hansen</a> until January 1947 and Sousley was identified as <a href="/wiki/Hospital_Corpsman" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospital Corpsman">PhM2c.</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Bradley_(United_States_Navy)" title="John Bradley (United States Navy)">John Bradley</a>, USN, until June 2016.<a href="#cite_note-usmcc-1">[1]</a> The other three Marines in the photograph were Corporals (then Privates First Class) <a href="/wiki/Ira_Hayes" title="Ira Hayes">Ira Hayes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Schultz" title="Harold Schultz">Harold Schultz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Keller" title="Harold Keller">Harold Keller</a>; Schultz was identified as Sousley until June 2016<a href="#cite_note-usmcc-1">[1]</a> and Keller was identified as <a href="/wiki/Rene_Gagnon" title="Rene Gagnon">Rene Gagnon</a> until October 2019.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> All of the men served in the <a href="/wiki/5th_Marine_Division_(United_States)" title="5th Marine Division (United States)">5th Marine Division</a> on Iwo Jima. The photograph was the model for the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_War_Memorial" title="Marine Corps War Memorial">Marine Corps War Memorial</a>, dedicated in 1954 to honor all U.S. Marines who died in service since 1775. The memorial, sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Felix_de_Weldon" title="Felix de Weldon">Felix de Weldon</a>, is located in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_Ridge_Park" title="Arlington Ridge Park">Arlington Ridge Park</a>,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> near the Ord-Weitzel Gate to <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Carillon" title="Netherlands Carillon">Netherlands Carillon</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iwo_Jima_Suribachi_DN-SD-03-11845.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Iwo_Jima_Suribachi_DN-SD-03-11845.JPEG/220px-Iwo_Jima_Suribachi_DN-SD-03-11845.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Iwo_Jima_Suribachi_DN-SD-03-11845.JPEG/330px-Iwo_Jima_Suribachi_DN-SD-03-11845.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Iwo_Jima_Suribachi_DN-SD-03-11845.JPEG/440px-Iwo_Jima_Suribachi_DN-SD-03-11845.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2008" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mount_Suribachi" title="Mount Suribachi">Mount Suribachi</a> (pictured in 2001) is the dominant geographical feature of the island of <a href="/wiki/Iwo_Jima" title="Iwo Jima">Iwo Jima</a>.</figcaption></figure> On February 19, 1945, the United States invaded <a href="/wiki/Iwo_Jima" title="Iwo Jima">Iwo Jima</a> as part of its <a href="/wiki/Leapfrogging_(strategy)" title="Leapfrogging (strategy)">island-hopping</a> strategy to defeat <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a>. Iwo Jima originally was not a target, but the relatively quick <a href="/wiki/Philippines_Campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippines Campaign (1944–1945)">liberation of the Philippines</a> left the Americans with a longer-than-expected lull prior to the planned <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">invasion of Okinawa</a>. Iwo Jima is located halfway between Japan and the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a>, where American long-range bombers were based, and was used by the Japanese as an <a href="/wiki/Ground-controlled_interception" title="Ground-controlled interception">early warning station</a>, radioing warnings of incoming American bombers to the Japanese homeland. The Americans, after capturing the island, weakened the Japanese early warning system, and used it as an <a href="/wiki/Emergency_landing" title="Emergency landing">emergency landing</a> strip for damaged bombers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinberg1994866–868-4">[4]</a> Iwo Jima is a <a href="/wiki/Volcanism" title="Volcanism">volcanic</a> island, shaped like a <a href="/wiki/Trapezoid" title="Trapezoid">trapezoid</a>. From the air, it looks like a "lopsided, black porkchop".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeckie19673-5">[5]</a> The island was heavily fortified, and the invading Marines suffered high casualties. Politically, the island is part of the <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan" title="Prefectures of Japan">prefecture</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>. It would be the first Japanese homeland soil to be captured by the Americans, and it was a matter of honor for the Japanese to prevent its capture.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The island is dominated by <a href="/wiki/Mount_Suribachi" title="Mount Suribachi">Mount Suribachi</a>, a 546-foot (166 m) <a href="/wiki/Dormant_volcano" class="mw-redirect" title="Dormant volcano">dormant</a> <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_cone" title="Volcanic cone">volcanic cone</a> at the southern tip of the island. Tactically, the top of Suribachi was one of the most important locations on the island. From that vantage point, the Japanese defenders were able to <a href="/wiki/Field_artillery#Forward_Observer" title="Field artillery">spot artillery</a> accurately onto the Americans—particularly the landing beaches. The Japanese fought most of the battle from underground <a href="/wiki/Bunker" title="Bunker">bunkers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pillbox_(military)" title="Pillbox (military)">pillboxes</a>. It was common for Marines to disable a pillbox using <a href="/wiki/Grenade" title="Grenade">grenades</a> or <a href="/wiki/Flamethrower" title="Flamethrower">flamethrowers</a>, only to come under renewed fire from it a few minutes later, after replacement Japanese infantry arrived into the pillbox through a tunnel. The American effort concentrated on isolating and capturing Suribachi first, a goal that was achieved on February 23, four days after the battle began. Despite capturing Suribachi, the battle continued to rage for many days, and the island would not be declared "secure" until 31 days later, on March 26, 1945.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillie201097-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Two_flag-raisings">Two flag-raisings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Two flag-raisings">edit</a>]</div> There were two American flags raised on top of Mount Suribachi, on February 23, 1945. The photograph Rosenthal took was actually of the second flag-raising, in which a larger replacement flag was raised by different Marines than those who raised the first flag.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash2019xix–xxi-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Raising_the_first_flag">Raising the first flag</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Raising the first flag">edit</a>]</div> A U.S. flag was first raised atop Mount Suribachi soon after the mountaintop was captured at around 10:30 a.m. on February 23, 1945.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash201948-9">[9]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Iwo_Jima_Flag_Raising.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/First_Iwo_Jima_Flag_Raising.jpg/220px-First_Iwo_Jima_Flag_Raising.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/First_Iwo_Jima_Flag_Raising.jpg/330px-First_Iwo_Jima_Flag_Raising.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/First_Iwo_Jima_Flag_Raising.jpg/440px-First_Iwo_Jima_Flag_Raising.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2949" data-file-height="3747" /></a><figcaption>Raising the First Flag on Iwo Jima by SSgt. <a href="/wiki/Louis_R._Lowery" title="Louis R. Lowery">Louis R. Lowery</a>, USMC, is the most widely circulated photograph of the first flag flown on Mt. Suribachi.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Left to right: 1st Lt. Harold Schrier<a href="#cite_note-UnsungHero-10">[10]</a> (kneeling behind radioman's legs), Pfc. <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Jacobs" title="Raymond Jacobs">Raymond Jacobs</a> (radioman reassigned from F Company), Sgt. Henry "Hank" Hansen wearing cap, holding flagstaff with left hand), Platoon Sgt. Ernest "Boots" Thomas (seated), Pvt. Phil Ward (holding lower flagstaff with his right hand), <a href="/wiki/Hospital_Corpsman" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospital Corpsman">PhM2c.</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Bradley_(United_States_Navy)" title="John Bradley (United States Navy)">John Bradley</a>, USN (holding flagstaff with both hands, his right hand above Ward's right hand and his left hand below.), Pfc. <a href="/wiki/James_Michels" title="James Michels">James Michels</a> (holding <a href="/wiki/M1_Carbine" class="mw-redirect" title="M1 Carbine">M1 Carbine</a>), and Cpl. <a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Lindberg" title="Charles W. Lindberg">Charles W. Lindberg</a> (standing above Michels).</figcaption></figure> Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/Chandler_W._Johnson" title="Chandler W. Johnson">Chandler W. Johnson</a>, commander of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Battalion,_28th_Marine_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Battalion, 28th Marine Regiment">2nd Battalion, 28th Marine Regiment</a>, <a href="/wiki/5th_Marine_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Marine Division">5th Marine Division</a>, ordered Marine Captain <a href="/wiki/Dave_Severance" title="Dave Severance">Dave Severance</a>, commander of Easy Company, 2nd Battalion, 28th Marines, to send a platoon to seize and occupy the crest of Mount Suribachi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006306-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/First_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="First Lieutenant">First Lieutenant</a> <a href="/wiki/Harold_G._Schrier" title="Harold G. Schrier">Harold G. Schrier</a>, executive officer of Easy Company, who had replaced the wounded Third Platoon commander, <a href="/wiki/John_Keith_Wells" title="John Keith Wells">John Keith Wells</a>,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> volunteered to lead a 40-man combat patrol up the mountain. Lieutenant Colonel Johnson (or 1st Lieutenant George G. Wells, the battalion adjutant, whose job it was to carry the flag) had taken the 54-by-28-inch (137 cm × 71 cm) flag from the battalion's transport ship, <a href="/wiki/USS_Missoula_(APA-211)" title="USS Missoula (APA-211)">USS Missoula</a>, and handed the flag to Schrier.<a href="#cite_note-G._Greeley_Wells_1991-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FamousPictures-14">[14]</a> Johnson said to Schrier, "If you get to the top, put it up." Schrier assembled the patrol at 8 a.m. to begin the climb up the mountain. Despite the large numbers of Japanese troops in the vicinity, Schrier's patrol made it to the rim of the crater at about 10:15 a.m., having come under little or no enemy fire, as the Japanese were being bombarded at the time.<a href="#cite_note-NHHC-Bradley_2008-15">[15]</a> The flag was attached by Schrier and two Marines to a Japanese iron water pipe found on top, and the flagstaff was raised and planted by Schrier, assisted by <a href="/wiki/Platoon_sergeant" title="Platoon sergeant">Platoon Sergeant</a> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Ivy_Thomas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Ivy Thomas">Ernest Thomas</a> and Sergeant <a href="/wiki/Henry_Oliver_Hansen" title="Henry Oliver Hansen">Oliver Hansen</a> (the platoon guide) at about 10:30 a.m.<a href="#cite_note-UnsungHero-10">[10]</a> (On February 25, during a CBS press interview aboard the <a href="/wiki/Flagship" title="Flagship">flagship</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Eldorado" title="USS Eldorado">USS Eldorado</a> about the flag-raising, Thomas stated that he, Schrier, and Hansen had actually raised the flag.)<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The raising of the <a href="/wiki/National_colours" title="National colours">national colors</a> immediately caused a loud cheering reaction from the Marines, sailors, and coast guardsmen on the beach below and from the men on the ships near the beach. The loud noise made by the servicemen and blasts of the ship horns alerted the Japanese, who up to this point had stayed in their cave bunkers. Schrier and his men near the flagstaff then came under fire from Japanese troops, but the Marines quickly eliminated the threat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash201915-17">[17]</a> Schrier was later awarded the <a href="/wiki/Navy_Cross_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Navy Cross (United States)">Navy Cross</a> for volunteering to take the patrol up Mount Suribachi and raising the American flag, and a <a href="/wiki/Silver_Star_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Star Medal">Silver Star Medal</a> for a heroic action in March while in command of D Company, 2/28 Marines on Iwo Jima. Photographs of the first flag flown on Mount Suribachi were taken by <a href="/wiki/Staff_Sergeant" class="mw-redirect" title="Staff Sergeant">Staff Sergeant</a> <a href="/wiki/Louis_R._Lowery" title="Louis R. Lowery">Louis R. Lowery</a> of <a href="/wiki/Leatherneck_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Leatherneck magazine">Leatherneck magazine</a>, who accompanied the patrol up the mountain, and other photographers afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander1994[httpwwwnpsgovhistoryhistoryonline_booksnpswapaextContentusmcpcn-190-003131-00pcn-190-003131-00sec4ahtmflag_sec._4]-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander1994[httpwwwnpsgovhistoryhistoryonline_booksnpswapaextContentusmcpcn-190-003131-00pcn-190-003131-00indexhtm_cover]-19">[19]</a> Others involved with the first flag-raising include Corporal <a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Lindberg" title="Charles W. Lindberg">Charles W. Lindberg</a> (who also helped raise the flag),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2019-20">[20]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>][<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] Privates First Class <a href="/wiki/James_Michels" title="James Michels">James Michels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Schultz" title="Harold Schultz">Harold Schultz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Jacobs" title="Raymond Jacobs">Raymond Jacobs</a> (F Company radioman), Private Phil Ward, and <a href="/wiki/Hospital_corpsman" title="Hospital corpsman">Navy corpsman</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Bradley_(United_States_Navy)" title="John Bradley (United States Navy)">John Bradley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006205-21">[21]</a> This flag was too small, however, to be easily seen from the northern side of Mount Suribachi, where heavy fighting would go on for several more days. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Forrestal" title="James Forrestal">James Forrestal</a>, had decided the previous night that he wanted to go ashore and witness the final stage of the fight for the mountain. Now, under a stern commitment to take orders from General Holland <a href="/wiki/Holland_Smith" title="Holland Smith">"Howlin' Mad" Smith</a>, the secretary was churning ashore in the company of the blunt, earthy general. Their boat touched the beach just after the flag went up, and the mood among the high command turned jubilant. Gazing upward, at the red, white, and blue speck, Forrestal remarked to Smith: "Holland, the raising of that flag on Suribachi means a Marine Corps for the next five hundred years".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarren2007[httpsarchiveorgdetailsamericanspartans00jamepage70_70]-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClancy1996670-23">[23]</a></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Forrestal was so taken with fervor of the moment that he decided he wanted the Second Battalion's flag flying on Mt. Suribachi as a souvenir. The news of this wish did not sit well with <a href="/wiki/2nd_Battalion_3rd_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Battalion 3rd Marines">2nd Battalion</a> Commander Chandler Johnson, whose temperament was every bit as fiery as Howlin Mad's. "To hell with that!" the colonel spat when the message reached him. The flag belonged to the battalion, as far as Johnson was concerned. He decided to secure it as soon as possible, and dispatched his assistant operations officer, Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/A._Theodore_Tuttle" title="A. Theodore Tuttle">Ted Tuttle</a>, to the beach to obtain a replacement flag. As an afterthought, Johnson called after Tuttle: "And make it a bigger one."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006207-24">[24]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>James Bradley, Flags of Our Fathers</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Raising_the_second_flag">Raising the second flag</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Raising the second flag">edit</a>]</div> The photograph taken by Rosenthal was the second flag-raising on top of Mount Suribachi, on February 23, 1945.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash2019xix-25">[25]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima_%28color%29.ogv/220px--Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima_%28color%29.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="147" data-durationhint="10" data-mwtitle="Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima_(color).ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima_(color).ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima_%28color%29.ogv/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima_%28color%29.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="720" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima_%28color%29.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="720" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima_%28color%29.ogv/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima_%28color%29.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima_%28color%29.ogv/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima_%28color%29.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="540" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima_%28color%29.ogv/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima_%28color%29.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="540" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Sgt. <a href="/wiki/William_Genaust" class="mw-redirect" title="William Genaust">Genaust</a>'s film shot of the second flag-raising, excerpted from the 1945 Carriers Hit Tokyo newsreel</figcaption></figure> On orders from <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a> Chandler Johnson—passed on by Easy Company's commander, Captain Dave Severance—Sergeant Michael Strank, one of Second Platoon's squad leaders, was to take three members of his rifle squad (Corporal Harlon H. Block and Privates First Class Franklin R. Sousley and Ira H. Hayes) and climb up Mount Suribachi to raise a replacement flag on top; the three took supplies or laid telephone wire on the way to the top. Severance also dispatched Private First Class Rene A. Gagnon, the battalion runner (messenger) for Easy Company, to the command post for fresh <a href="/wiki/SCR-300" title="SCR-300">SCR-300</a> walkie-talkie batteries to be taken to the top.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuell2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsuncommonvalorcom00buelpage104_104],_221-26">[26]</a> Meanwhile, Lieutenant Albert Theodore Tuttle<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006207-24">[24]</a> under Johnson's orders, had found a large (96-by-56–inch) flag in nearby <a href="/wiki/Tank_landing_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Tank landing ship">Tank Landing Ship</a> USS LST-779. He made his way back to the command post and gave it to Johnson. Johnson, in turn, gave it to Rene Gagnon, with orders to take it up to Schrier on Mount Suribachi and raise it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006210-27">[27]</a> The official Marine Corps history of the event is that Tuttle received the flag from Navy Ensign <a href="/wiki/Alan_Wood_(military_officer)" title="Alan Wood (military officer)">Alan Wood</a> of USS LST-779, who in turn had received the flag from a supply depot in <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-latimes-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-csmonitor-30">[30]</a> Severance had confirmed that the second larger flag was in fact provided by Alan Wood even though Wood could not recognize any of the pictures of the second flag's raisers as Gagnon.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The flag was sewn by Mabel Sauvageau, a worker at the "flag loft" of the <a href="/wiki/Mare_Island_Naval_Shipyard" title="Mare Island Naval Shipyard">Mare Island Naval Shipyard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Patterson_1973-32">[32]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IwoJimaFlag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/IwoJimaFlag.jpg/220px-IwoJimaFlag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/IwoJimaFlag.jpg/330px-IwoJimaFlag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/IwoJimaFlag.jpg/440px-IwoJimaFlag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1974" data-file-height="1218" /></a><figcaption>The flags from the first and second flag-raisings are preserved in the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Marine_Corps" title="National Museum of the Marine Corps">National Museum of the Marine Corps</a> in <a href="/wiki/Triangle,_Virginia" title="Triangle, Virginia">Triangle, Virginia</a>. The second flag, pictured here, was damaged by the high winds at the peak of Suribachi.</figcaption></figure> First Lieutenant George Greeley Wells, who had been the Second Battalion, 28th Marines adjutant officially in charge of the two American flags flown on Mount Suribachi, stated in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> in 1991 that Lieutenant Colonel Johnson ordered Wells to get the second flag, and that Wells sent Rene Gagnon, his battalion runner, to the ships on shore for the flag. Wells said that Gagnon returned with a flag and gave it to him, and that Gagnon took this flag up Mt. Suribachi with a message for Schrier to raise it and send the other flag down with Gagnon. Wells stated that he received the first flag back from Gagnon and secured it at the Marine headquarters command post. Wells also stated that he had handed the first flag to Lieutenant Schrier to take up Mount Suribachi.<a href="#cite_note-G._Greeley_Wells_1991-13">[13]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a> Historian's Office recognizes the claims made by former U.S. Coast Guardsman <a href="/wiki/Quartermaster" title="Quartermaster">Quartermaster</a> Robert Resnick, who served aboard the <a href="/wiki/USS_Duval_County" title="USS Duval County">USS Duval County</a> at Iwo Jima. "Before he died in November 2004, Resnick said Gagnon came aboard LST-758<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> the morning of February 23 looking for a flag.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Resnick said he grabbed a flag from a bunting box and asked permission from his ship's commanding officer Lt. Felix Molenda to donate it.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Resnick kept quiet about his participation until 2001."<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kime_2005-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rosenthal's_photograph">Rosenthal's photograph</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rosenthal's photograph">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raising-the-Flag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Raising-the-Flag.jpg/220px-Raising-the-Flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Raising-the-Flag.jpg/330px-Raising-the-Flag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Raising-the-Flag.jpg/440px-Raising-the-Flag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1647" /></a><figcaption>The six second flag-raisers: #1, Cpl. <a href="/wiki/Harlon_Block" title="Harlon Block">Harlon Block</a> (KIA) #2, Pfc. <a href="/wiki/Harold_Keller" title="Harold Keller">Harold Keller</a> #3, Pfc. <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Sousley" title="Franklin Sousley">Franklin Sousley</a> (KIA) #4, Sgt. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Strank" title="Michael Strank">Michael Strank</a> (KIA) #5, Pfc. <a href="/wiki/Harold_Schultz" title="Harold Schultz">Harold Schultz</a> #6, Pfc. <a href="/wiki/Ira_Hayes" title="Ira Hayes">Ira Hayes</a></figcaption></figure> Gagnon, Strank, and Strank's three Marines reached the top of the mountain around noon without being fired upon. Rosenthal, along with Marine photographers <a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Genaust" class="mw-redirect" title="William Genaust">Bill Genaust</a> (who was killed in action after the flag-raising) and Private First Class Bob Campbell<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> were climbing Suribachi at this time. On the way up, the trio met Lowery, who had photographed the first flag-raising, coming down. They considered turning around, but Lowery told them that the summit was an excellent vantage point from which to take photographs.<a href="#cite_note-Fiery_2004-39">[39]</a> The three photographers reached the summit as the Marines were attaching the flag to an old Japanese water pipe. Rosenthal put his <a href="/wiki/Speed_Graphic" title="Speed Graphic">Speed Graphic</a> camera on the ground (set to 1/400 sec <a href="/wiki/Shutter_speed" title="Shutter speed">shutter speed</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/F-stop" class="mw-redirect" title="F-stop">f-stop</a> between 8 and 11 and Agfa film<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Colliers-41">[41]</a>) so he could pile rocks to stand on for a better vantage point. In doing so, he nearly missed the shot. The Marines began raising the flag. Realizing he was about to miss the action, Rosenthal quickly swung his camera up and snapped the photograph without using the <a href="/wiki/Viewfinder" title="Viewfinder">viewfinder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006209–211-42">[42]</a> Ten years after the flag-raising, Rosenthal wrote: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> Out of the corner of my eye, I had seen the men start the flag up. I swung my camera and shot the scene. That is how the picture was taken, and when you take a picture like that, you don't come away saying you got a great shot. You don't know.<a href="#cite_note-Colliers-41">[41]</a> </blockquote> Sergeant Genaust, who was standing almost shoulder-to-shoulder with Rosenthal about three feet away,<a href="#cite_note-Colliers-41">[41]</a> was shooting motion-picture film during the second flag-raising. His film captures the second event at an almost-identical angle to Rosenthal's shot. Of the six flag-raisers in the picture—<a href="/wiki/Ira_Hayes" title="Ira Hayes">Ira Hayes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Schultz" title="Harold Schultz">Harold Schultz</a> (identified in June 2016), <a href="/wiki/Michael_Strank" title="Michael Strank">Michael Strank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Sousley" title="Franklin Sousley">Franklin Sousley</a>, Harold Keller (identified in 2019), and <a href="/wiki/Harlon_Block" title="Harlon Block">Harlon Block</a>—only Hayes, Keller (Marine corporal <a href="/wiki/Rene_Gagnon" title="Rene Gagnon">Rene Gagnon</a> was incorrectly identified in the Rosenthal flag-raising photo), and Schultz (Navy corpsman <a href="/wiki/John_Bradley_(United_States_Navy)" title="John Bradley (United States Navy)">John Bradley</a> was incorrectly identified) survived the battle.<a href="#cite_note-usmcc-1">[1]</a> Strank and Block were killed on March 1, six days after the flag-raising, Strank by a shell, possibly fired from an offshore American destroyer and Block a few hours later by a <a href="/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">mortar round</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash201918-43">[43]</a> Sousley was shot and killed by a Japanese sniper on March 21, a few days before the island was declared secure.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash201923-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publication_and_staging_confusion">Publication and staging confusion</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Publication and staging confusion">edit</a>]</div> Following the flag-raising, Rosenthal sent his film to <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> to be developed and printed.<a href="#cite_note-Many_Things-45">[45]</a> George Tjaden of <a href="/wiki/Hendricks,_Minnesota" title="Hendricks, Minnesota">Hendricks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, was likely the technician who printed it.<a href="#cite_note-Keloland-46">[46]</a> Upon seeing it, <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> (AP) photograph editor John Bodkin exclaimed "Here's one for all time!" and immediately <a href="/wiki/Radiofax" title="Radiofax">transmitted</a> the image to the AP headquarters in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> at 7:00 am, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_War_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern War Time">Eastern War Time</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006220-47">[47]</a> The photograph was quickly picked up off the wire by hundreds of newspapers. It "was distributed by Associated Press within seventeen and one-half hours after Rosenthal shot it—an astonishingly fast turnaround time in those days."<a href="#cite_note-UTexas-48">[48]</a> However, the photograph was not without controversy. Following the second flag-raising, Rosenthal had the Marines of Easy Company pose for a group shot, the "<a href="/wiki/Gung-ho" class="mw-redirect" title="Gung-ho">gung-ho</a>" shot.<a href="#cite_note-Fox_News_2015-49">[49]</a> A few days after the photograph was taken, Rosenthal—back on Guam—was asked if he had posed the photograph. Thinking the questioner was referring to the 'gung-ho' photograph, he replied "Sure." After that, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sherrod" title="Robert Sherrod">Robert Sherrod</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Time-Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Time-Life">Time-Life</a> correspondent, told his editors in New York that Rosenthal had staged the flag-raising photograph. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>'s radio show, Time Views the News, broadcast a report, stating that "Rosenthal climbed Suribachi after the flag had already been planted. ... Like most photographers [he] could not resist reposing his characters in historic fashion."<a href="#cite_note-ap-50">[50]</a> As a result of this report, Rosenthal was repeatedly accused of staging the photograph or covering up the first flag-raising. One New York Times book reviewer even went so far as to suggest revoking his Pulitzer Prize.<a href="#cite_note-ap-50">[50]</a> In the following decades, Rosenthal repeatedly and vociferously denied claims that the flag-raising was staged. "I don't think it is in me to do much more of this sort of thing ... I don't know how to get across to anybody what 50 years of constant repetition means," he said in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-ap-50">[50]</a> In spite of movie camera film shot by Sergeant Bill Genaust simultaneously with Rosenthal snapping his still camera, showing the live action, unstaged, flag raising, the controversy continued. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incorrect_identifications">Incorrect identifications</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Incorrect identifications">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Now-All-Together-7th-War-Loan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Now-All-Together-7th-War-Loan.jpg/220px-Now-All-Together-7th-War-Loan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Now-All-Together-7th-War-Loan.jpg/330px-Now-All-Together-7th-War-Loan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Now-All-Together-7th-War-Loan.jpg/440px-Now-All-Together-7th-War-Loan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5532" data-file-height="7796" /></a><figcaption>C. C. Beall's poster for the Seventh War Loan Drive</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, upon seeing Rosenthal's flag-raising photograph, saw its potential to use for the upcoming <a href="/wiki/Series_E_bond" title="Series E bond">Seventh War Loan Drive</a> to help fund the war effort. He then ordered the flag-raisers to be identified and sent to Washington, D.C. after the fighting on the island ended (March 26, 1945).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash2019xviii-51">[51]</a> Rosenthal did not take the names of those in the photograph. On April 7, Rene Gagnon was the first of the second "flag-raisers" to arrive in Washington, D.C. Using an enlargement of the photograph that did not show the faces of the flag-raisers, he named himself, Henry Hansen, Franklin Sousley, John Bradley and Michael Strank, as being in the photograph. He initially refused to name Ira Hayes, as Hayes did not want the publicity and threatened him with physical harm.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006268-52">[52]</a> However, upon being summoned to Marine headquarters and told that refusal to name the last flag-raiser was a serious crime, he identified the sixth flag-raiser as Hayes. President Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945. On April 19, Bradley (then on crutches) and Hayes arrived in Washington, D.C. On April 20, the three surviving second flag-raisers, identified then as Gagnon, Bradley, and Hayes, met President Truman in the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. On May 9, during a ceremony at the nation's capitol, the three men raised the original second flag to initiate the bond tour which began on May 11 in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. On May 24, Hayes was taken off the tour due to problems caused by drinking alcohol and ordered back to his company and regiment which had returned to Hawaii. Gagnon and Bradley completed the tour which ended on July 4 in Washington, D.C. The bond drive was a success, raising $26.3 billion, twice the tour's goal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006294-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harlon_Block_and_Henry_Hansen">Harlon Block and Henry Hansen</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Harlon Block and Henry Hansen">edit</a>]</div> Gagnon misidentified Corporal Harlon Block as Sergeant Henry O. "Hank" Hansen in Rosenthal's photo (both were killed in action on March 1). Initially, Bradley concurred with all of Gagnon's identifications. On April 8, 1945, the Marine Corps released the identification of five of the six flag raisers, including Hansen rather than Block (Sousley's identity was temporarily withheld pending notification of his family of his death during the battle). Block's mother, Belle Block, refused to accept the official identification, noting that she had "changed so many diapers on that boy's butt, I know it's my boy."<a href="#cite_note-lecture-54">[54]</a> When Hayes was interviewed about the identities of the flag raisers and shown a photo of the flag raising by a Marine public relations officer on April 19, he told the officer that it was definitely Harlon Block and not Hansen at the base of the flagpole. The lieutenant colonel then told Hayes that the identifications had already been officially released, and ordered Hayes to keep silent about it<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006275-55">[55]</a> (during the investigation, the colonel denied Hayes told him about Block). Block, Sousley, and Hayes were close friends in the same squad of Second Platoon, E Company, while Hansen, who helped raise the first flag, was a member of Third Platoon, E Company. In 1946, Hayes hitchhiked to <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> and informed Block's parents that their son had, in fact, been one of the six flag raisers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006312-56">[56]</a> Block's mother, Belle, immediately sent the letter that Hayes had given her to her <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">congressional representative</a> <a href="/wiki/Milton_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Milton West">Milton West</a>. West, in turn, forwarded the letter to <a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Commandant of the United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps Commandant</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vandegrift" title="Alexander Vandegrift">Alexander Vandegrift</a>, who ordered an investigation. John Bradley (formerly in Third Platoon with Hansen), upon being shown the evidence (Hansen, a former Paramarine, wore his large parachutist boots in an exposed manner on Iwo Jima), agreed that it was probably Block and not Hansen.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006313-57">[57]</a> In January 1947, the Marine Corps officially announced it was Block in the photograph and not Hansen at the base of the flagpole. Hayes also was named as being in the far left position of the flag raisers replacing the position Sousley was determined to have had up until then; Sousley was now in back of and to the right of Strank (in 2016, Harold Schultz was named in this position and Sousley was named in the position where Bradley was named). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> Ira remembered what Rene Gagnon and John Bradley could not have remembered, because they did not join the little cluster until the last moment: that it was Harlon [Block], Mike [Strank], Franklin [Sousley] and [Hayes] who had ascended Suribachi midmorning to lay telephone wire; it was Rene [Gagnon] who had come along with the replacement flag. Hansen had not been part of this action.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006274-58">[58]</a> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harold_H._Schultz_and_John_Bradley">Harold H. Schultz and John Bradley</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Harold H. Schultz and John Bradley">edit</a>]</div> On June 23, 2016, the Marine Corps publicly announced that Marine Corporal (then Private First Class) Harold Schultz was one of the flag-raisers and Navy corpsman John Bradley was not one of the flag-raisers in Rosenthal's second flag-raising photograph. Harold Schultz was identified as being in Franklin Sousley's position to the right and in front of Ira Hayes, and Sousley was identified as being in Bradley's position to the right and behind Rene Gagnon (identified as Harold Keller in 2019) behind Harlon Block at the base of the flagpole.<a href="#cite_note-usmcc-1">[1]</a> Bradley and Schultz had been present when both flags were actually raised, while Sousley was only on Mount Suribachi when he helped raise the second flag. Schultz was also part of the group of Marines and corpsmen who posed for Rosenthal's second "gung ho" photo. Bradley, who died in 1994, seldom did an interview about the famous second flag-raising, occasionally deflecting questions by claiming he had forgotten.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006343-59">[59]</a> He changed his story numerous times, saying that he raised or pitched in to raise the flag, and also that he was on, and not on, Mount Suribachi when the first flag was raised.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Within his family, it was considered a <a href="/wiki/Taboo" title="Taboo">taboo</a> subject, and when they received calls or invitations to speak on certain holidays, they were told to say he was away fishing at his cottage. At the time of Bradley's death, his son <a href="/wiki/James_Bradley_(American_author)" title="James Bradley (American author)">James</a> said that he knew almost nothing about his father's wartime experiences.<a href="#cite_note-lecture-54">[54]</a> James Bradley spent four years interviewing and researching the topic and published a nonfiction book entitled <a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Our_Fathers" title="Flags of Our Fathers">Flags of Our Fathers</a> (2000) about the flag-raising and its participants.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley20065-61">[61]</a> The book, which was a bestseller, was later adapted into a <a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Our_Fathers_(film)" title="Flags of Our Fathers (film)">2006 film of the same name</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a>. After being honorably discharged, Schultz moved to California and made his career with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a>. He died in 1995. The possibility that any flag-raiser had been misidentified was publicly raised for the first time in November 2014 by Eric Krelle, an amateur historian and collector of World War II-era Marine Corps memorabilia, and an Irish citizen and amateur historian named Stephen Foley.<a href="#cite_note-mystery-62">[62]</a> Studying other photographs taken that day and video footage, Krelle and Foley argued that Franklin Sousley was in the fourth position (left to right) instead of Bradley and Harold Schultz of Los Angeles (originally from Detroit) was in the second position, previously identified as Sousley.<a href="#cite_note-mystery-62">[62]</a> Initially, Marine Corps historians and officials did not accept those findings, but began their own investigation.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> On June 23, 2016, they confirmed Krelle's and Foley's findings, stating that Schultz was in Sousley's place, Sousley was standing next to Block, and that Bradley was not in the photo at all.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> James Bradley has also changed his mind, stating that he no longer believes his father is depicted in the famous photograph.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-DNewsSchultz2016-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-OmahaWN-Schultz2016-68">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harold_Keller_and_Rene_Gagnon">Harold Keller and Rene Gagnon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Harold Keller and Rene Gagnon">edit</a>]</div> On October 16, 2019, the Marine Corps announced that Marine Corporal Harold Keller was the flag-raiser previously identified as Rene Gagnon in Rosenthal's photograph. Stephen Foley, filmmaker Dustin Spence, and Brent Westemeyer were key to this revised identification. Photos and video footage showed that the man thought to have been Gagnon had a wedding ring, which matched Keller, who had married in 1944 (Gagnon was not married at the time). The man also did not have a facial mole, as Gagnon did. Finally, a photo which captured the lowering of the first flag verified what Gagnon had looked like that day, which did not match the second man in the Rosenthal photo.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> After the battle, Keller returned to his hometown of <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_Iowa" title="Brooklyn, Iowa">Brooklyn, Iowa</a>, where he died in 1979.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joerosenthal1990.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Joerosenthal1990.jpg/220px-Joerosenthal1990.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Joerosenthal1990.jpg/330px-Joerosenthal1990.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Joerosenthal1990.jpg/440px-Joerosenthal1990.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2636" /></a><figcaption>Joe Rosenthal in 1990</figcaption></figure> Rosenthal's photograph was used as the basis for <a href="/wiki/C._C._Beall" title="C. C. Beall">C. C. Beall</a>'s poster Now... All Together for the Seventh War Loan Drive (14 May - 30 June 1945).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash201963–65-71">[71]</a> Rosenthal's photograph won the 1945 <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Photography" title="Pulitzer Prize for Photography">Pulitzer Prize for Photography</a>, the only photograph to win the prize in the same year it was taken.<a href="#cite_note-Fischer-72">[72]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> News pros were not the only ones greatly impressed by the photo. Navy Captain T.B. Clark was on duty at <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Patuxent_River" title="Naval Air Station Patuxent River">Patuxent Air Station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> that Saturday when it came humming off the wire in 1945. He studied it for a minute, and then thrust it under the gaze of Navy <a href="/wiki/Petty_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Petty Officer">Petty Officer</a> <a href="/wiki/Felix_de_Weldon" title="Felix de Weldon">Felix de Weldon</a>. De Weldon was an Austrian immigrant schooled in European painting and sculpture. De Weldon could not take his eyes off the photo. In its classic triangular lines he recognized similarities with the ancient statues he had studied. He reflexively reached for some sculptor's clay and tools. With the photograph before him he labored through the night. Within 72 hours of the photo's release, he had replicated the six boys pushing a pole, raising a flag.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006220-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-WaPo_2003-06-09-73">[73]</a> </blockquote> Upon seeing the finished model, the Marine Corps commandant had de Weldon assigned to the Marine Corps<a href="#cite_note-NYT_2003-06-15-74">[74]</a> until de Weldon was discharged from the Navy after the war was over. Starting in 1951, de Weldon was commissioned to design a <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_War_Memorial" title="Marine Corps War Memorial">memorial to the Marine Corps</a>. It took de Weldon and hundreds of his assistants three years to finish it. Hayes, Gagnon, and Bradley posed for de Weldon, who used their faces as a model. The three Marine flag raisers who did not survive the battle were sculpted from photographs.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-75">[75]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USMC_War_Memorial_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/USMC_War_Memorial_Night.jpg/220px-USMC_War_Memorial_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/USMC_War_Memorial_Night.jpg/330px-USMC_War_Memorial_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/USMC_War_Memorial_Night.jpg/440px-USMC_War_Memorial_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/USMC_War_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="USMC War Memorial">U.S. Marine Corps War Memorial</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arlington, Virginia">Arlington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_Corps_Silver_Dollar_Proof_Obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Marine_Corps_Silver_Dollar_Proof_Obverse.jpg/220px-Marine_Corps_Silver_Dollar_Proof_Obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Marine_Corps_Silver_Dollar_Proof_Obverse.jpg/330px-Marine_Corps_Silver_Dollar_Proof_Obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Marine_Corps_Silver_Dollar_Proof_Obverse.jpg/440px-Marine_Corps_Silver_Dollar_Proof_Obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1043" /></a><figcaption>The obverse of the 2005 <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_230th_Anniversary_silver_dollar" title="Marine Corps 230th Anniversary silver dollar">Marine Corps 230th Anniversary silver dollar</a></figcaption></figure> The flag-raising Rosenthal (and Genaust) photographed was the replacement flag/flagstaff for the first flag/flagstaff that was raised on Mount Suribachi on February 23, 1945. There was some resentment from Marines of the original 40-man patrol that went up Mount Suribachi, including those involved with the first flag-raising, that they did not receive their deserved recognition. These included Staff Sgt. <a href="/wiki/Lou_Lowery" class="mw-redirect" title="Lou Lowery">Lou Lowery</a>, who took the first photos of the first flag flying over Mt. Suribachi; <a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Lindberg" title="Charles W. Lindberg">Charles W. Lindberg</a>, who helped tie the first American flag to the first flagpole on Mount Suribachi (and who was, until his death in June 2007, one of the last living persons depicted in either flag-flying scene),<a href="#cite_note-Flag_Raiser-76">[76]</a> who complained for several years that he helped to raise the flag and "was called a liar and everything else. It was terrible" (because of all the recognition and publicity directed to the replacement flag-raisers and that flag-raising);<a href="#cite_note-MPR-77">[77]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Jacobs" title="Raymond Jacobs">Raymond Jacobs</a>, photographed with the patrol commander around the base of the first flag flying over Mt. Suribachi, who complained until he died in 2008 that he was still not recognized by the Marine Corps by name as being the radioman in the photo. The original Rosenthal photograph is in the possession of Roy H. Williams, who bought it from the estate of John Faber, the official historian for the <a href="/wiki/National_Press_Photographers_Association" title="National Press Photographers Association">National Press Photographers Association</a>, who had received it from Rosenthal.<a href="#cite_note-Roy-78">[78]</a> Both flags (from the first and second flag-raisings) are located in the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Marine_Corps" title="National Museum of the Marine Corps">National Museum of the Marine Corps</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quantico,_Virginia" title="Quantico, Virginia">Quantico</a>, Virginia.<a href="#cite_note-USMC_Museum-79">[79]</a> Ira Hayes, following the war, was plagued with depression brought on by <a href="/wiki/Survivor_guilt" title="Survivor guilt">survivor guilt</a> and became an alcoholic. His tragic life, and death in 1955 at the age of 32, were memorialized in the 1961 motion picture <a href="/wiki/The_Outsider_(1961_film)" title="The Outsider (1961 film)">The Outsider</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Tony_Curtis" title="Tony Curtis">Tony Curtis</a> as Hayes, and the folk song "<a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_Ira_Hayes" title="The Ballad of Ira Hayes">The Ballad of Ira Hayes</a>", written by <a href="/wiki/Peter_LaFarge" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter LaFarge">Peter LaFarge</a> and recorded by <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a> in 1964.<a href="#cite_note-Turner2004-80">[80]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> later <a href="/wiki/Cover_version" title="Cover version">covered</a> the song, as did <a href="/wiki/Kinky_Friedman" title="Kinky Friedman">Kinky Friedman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dunn2008-81">[81]</a> According to the song, after the war: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <div class="poem"> Then Ira started drinkin' hard Jail was often his home They'd let him raise the flag and lower it Like you'd throw a dog a bone! He died drunk early one mornin' Alone in the land he fought to save Two inches of water in a lonely ditch Was a grave for Ira Hayes. </div> </blockquote> Rene Gagnon, his wife, and his son visited Tokyo and Mount Suribachi on Iwo Jima during the 20th anniversary of the battle of Iwo Jima in 1965.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> After the war, he worked at <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> as a ticket agent, opened his own travel agency, and was a maintenance director of an apartment complex in Manchester, New Hampshire. He died while at work in 1979, age 54.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuell2006-83">[83]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_other_media">In other media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: In other media">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3c-Iwo_Jima.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/3c-Iwo_Jima.jpg/170px-3c-Iwo_Jima.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/3c-Iwo_Jima.jpg/255px-3c-Iwo_Jima.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/3c-Iwo_Jima.jpg/340px-3c-Iwo_Jima.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="1010" /></a><figcaption>U.S. postage stamp, 1945 issue, commemorating the battle of Iwo Jima</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_Educators_Workshop_brings_Western_New_York_community_leaders,_teachers_to_MCRD_Parris_Island_150227-M-OH054-342.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/2015_Educators_Workshop_brings_Western_New_York_community_leaders%2C_teachers_to_MCRD_Parris_Island_150227-M-OH054-342.jpg/170px-2015_Educators_Workshop_brings_Western_New_York_community_leaders%2C_teachers_to_MCRD_Parris_Island_150227-M-OH054-342.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/2015_Educators_Workshop_brings_Western_New_York_community_leaders%2C_teachers_to_MCRD_Parris_Island_150227-M-OH054-342.jpg/255px-2015_Educators_Workshop_brings_Western_New_York_community_leaders%2C_teachers_to_MCRD_Parris_Island_150227-M-OH054-342.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/2015_Educators_Workshop_brings_Western_New_York_community_leaders%2C_teachers_to_MCRD_Parris_Island_150227-M-OH054-342.jpg/340px-2015_Educators_Workshop_brings_Western_New_York_community_leaders%2C_teachers_to_MCRD_Parris_Island_150227-M-OH054-342.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="2720" /></a><figcaption>The scale replica of the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_War_Memorial" title="Marine Corps War Memorial">Marine Corps War Memorial</a> at <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Recruit_Depot_Parris_Island" title="Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island">MCRD Parris Island</a></figcaption></figure> Rosenthal's photograph has been reproduced in a number of other formats. It appeared on 3.5 million posters for the seventh war bond drive.<a href="#cite_note-ap-50">[50]</a> It has also been reproduced with many unconventional media such as <a href="/wiki/Lego" title="Lego">Lego</a> bricks, butter, ice, <a href="/wiki/Etch_A_Sketch" title="Etch A Sketch">Etch A Sketch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corn_maze" title="Corn maze">corn mazes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Naval_Institute-85">[85]</a> The Iwo Jima flag-raising has been depicted in other films, including 1949's <a href="/wiki/Sands_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Sands of Iwo Jima">Sands of Iwo Jima</a> (in which the three surviving flag raisers make a <a href="/wiki/Cameo_appearance" title="Cameo appearance">cameo appearance</a> at the end of the film) and 1961's The Outsider, a biography of Ira Hayes starring <a href="/wiki/Tony_Curtis" title="Tony Curtis">Tony Curtis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Burrell2006-86">[86]</a> In July 1945, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> released a <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">postage stamp</a> bearing the image.<a href="#cite_note-USPS-87">[87]</a> The U.S. issued another stamp in 1995 showing the flag-raising as part of its 10-stamp series marking the 50th anniversary of World War II.<a href="#cite_note-USPS-87">[87]</a> In 2005, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a> released a <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_230th_Anniversary_Silver_Dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Corps 230th Anniversary Silver Dollar">commemorative silver dollar</a> bearing the image. A similar photograph was taken by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Franklin" title="Thomas E. Franklin">Thomas E. Franklin</a> of the <a href="/wiki/The_Record_(Bergen_County)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Record (Bergen County)">Bergen Record</a> in the immediate aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>. Officially known as Ground Zero Spirit, the photograph is perhaps better known as <a href="/wiki/Raising_the_Flag_at_Ground_Zero" title="Raising the Flag at Ground Zero">Raising the Flag at Ground Zero</a>, and shows three firefighters raising a U.S. flag in the ruins of the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a> shortly after 5 pm.<a href="#cite_note-Ground_Zero-88">[88]</a> Painter <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Wyeth" title="Jamie Wyeth">Jamie Wyeth</a> also painted a related image entitled September 11th based on this scene. It illustrates rescue workers raising a flag at Ground Zero. Other iconic photographs frequently compared include <a href="/wiki/V-J_Day_in_Times_Square" title="V-J Day in Times Square">V-J Day in Times Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Into_the_Jaws_of_Death" title="Into the Jaws of Death">Into the Jaws of Death</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raising_a_Flag_over_the_Reichstag" title="Raising a Flag over the Reichstag">Raising a Flag over the Reichstag</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ink_Flag" title="Ink Flag">Raising of the Ink Flag</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Monument_at_Uhuru_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/National_Monument_at_Uhuru_Park.jpg/220px-National_Monument_at_Uhuru_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/National_Monument_at_Uhuru_Park.jpg/330px-National_Monument_at_Uhuru_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/National_Monument_at_Uhuru_Park.jpg/440px-National_Monument_at_Uhuru_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>National Monument in <a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Park" title="Uhuru Park">Uhuru Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, based on the famous image.</figcaption></figure> The highly recognizable image is one of the most parodied photographs in history.<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Naval_Institute-85">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anti-war" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-war">Anti-war</a> <a href="/wiki/Activism" title="Activism">activists</a> in the 1960s altered the flag to bear a <a href="/wiki/Peace_symbols" title="Peace symbols">peace symbol</a>, as well as several <a href="/wiki/Anti-establishment" title="Anti-establishment">anti-establishment</a> artworks.<a href="#cite_note-parodies_MCT-90">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kienholz" title="Edward Kienholz">Edward Kienholz</a>'s Portable War Memorial in 1968 depicted faceless Marines raising the flag on an outdoor picnic table in a typical American <a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">consumerist</a> environment of the 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-Kienholz-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-Upshaw_1996-92">[92]</a> It was parodied again during the <a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis</a> of 1979 to depict the flag being planted into Ayatollah <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a>'s behind.<a href="#cite_note-parodies_MCT-90">[90]</a> In the early 2000s, to represent <a href="/wiki/Gay_pride" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay pride">gay pride</a>, photographer Ed Freeman shot a photograph<a href="#cite_note-Gay_Pride-93">[93]</a> for the cover of an issue of <a href="/wiki/Frontiers_(magazine)" title="Frontiers (magazine)">Frontiers magazine</a>, reenacting the scene with a <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_flag" title="Rainbow flag">rainbow flag</a> instead of an American flag.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time magazine</a> came under fire in 2008 after altering the image for use on its cover, replacing the American flag with a tree for an issue focused on <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a>.<a href="#cite_note-parodies_MCT-90">[90]</a> The <a href="/wiki/British_Airlines_Stewards_and_Stewardesses_Association" title="British Airlines Stewards and Stewardesses Association">British Airlines Stewards and Stewardesses Association</a> likewise came under criticism in 2010 for a poster depicting employees raising a flag marked "BASSA" at the edge of a runway.<a href="#cite_note-parodies_MCT-90">[90]</a> Among the smaller scale replicas of the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_War_Memorial" title="Marine Corps War Memorial">Marine Corps War Memorial</a> based on the flag raising is one also sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Felix_de_Weldon" title="Felix de Weldon">Felix de Weldon</a> at <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Recruit_Depot_Parris_Island" title="Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island">Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island</a> on the Peatross Parade Deck. For the finale of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Recruit_Training#Week_10-The_Crucible" title="United States Marine Corps Recruit Training">The Crucible</a>, the Marines' 54-hour final training test, Marine recruits at Parris Island hike 9 miles to the statue as the sun rises and the flag is raised. They then are addressed on the flag raising and its meaning and are then awarded their <a href="/wiki/Eagle,_Globe_and_Anchor" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle, Globe and Anchor">Eagle, Globe and Anchor</a> emblems by their drill instructors signifying them as full-fledged Marines.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> In 2021 the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> posted a series of photos after the announcement that the Americans were <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">withdrawing from Afghanistan</a>. One of the photos posted shows Taliban soldiers raising a flag which has a notable similarity to Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima, although it is uncertain if this was their intent or merely a coincidental similarity.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Ink_Flag" title="Ink Flag">Ink Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_of_Suribachi" title="Shadow of Suribachi">Shadow of Suribachi: Raising the Flags on Iwo Jima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_a_Flag_over_the_Reichstag" title="Raising a Flag over the Reichstag">Raising a Flag over the Reichstag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_the_Flag_on_the_Three-Country_Cairn" title="Raising the Flag on the Three-Country Cairn">Raising the Flag on the Three-Country Cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_the_Flag_at_Ground_Zero" title="Raising the Flag at Ground Zero">Raising the Flag at Ground Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="History of the United States Marine Corps">History of the United States Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._C._Beall" title="C. C. Beall">C. C. Beall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographs_considered_the_most_important" title="List of photographs considered the most important">List of photographs considered the most important</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-usmcc-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-usmcc_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-usmcc_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-usmcc_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-usmcc_1-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marines.mil/News/News-Display/Article/810457/usmc-statement-on-iwo-jima-flagraisers/">USMC Statement on Marine Corps Flag Raisers</a>, Office of U.S. Marine Corps Communication, 23 June 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/warrior-iconic-iwo-jima-flag-raising-photo-was-misidentified-marines-n1064766">"Warrior in iconic Iwo Jima flag-raising photo was misidentified, Marines Corps acknowledges"</a>. Nbcnews.com. October 16, 2019. Retrieved July 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Warrior+in+iconic+Iwo+Jima+flag-raising+photo+was+misidentified%2C+Marines+Corps+acknowledges&rft.pub=Nbcnews.com&rft.date=2019-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fwarrior-iconic-iwo-jima-flag-raising-photo-was-misidentified-marines-n1064766&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/cultural_landscapes/snp/600288.html">"Arlington Ridge Park, George Washington Memorial Parkway"</a>. National Park Service. July 3, 2012. Retrieved November 10, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=Arlington+Ridge+Park%2C+George+Washington+Memorial+Parkway&rft.date=2012-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fcultural_landscapes%2Fsnp%2F600288.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinberg1994866–868-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinberg1994866–868_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWeinberg1994">Weinberg 1994</a>, pp. 866–868. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeckie19673-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeckie19673_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLeckie1967">Leckie 1967</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jun-26-me-lindberg26-story.html">"Charles Lindberg, 86; Marine helped raise first U.S. flag over Iwo Jima"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. Associated Press. June 26, 2007. Retrieved November 6, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Charles+Lindberg%2C+86%3B+Marine+helped+raise+first+U.S.+flag+over+Iwo+Jima&rft.date=2007-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2007-jun-26-me-lindberg26-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillie201097-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillie201097_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWillie2010">Willie 2010</a>, p. 97. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash2019xix–xxi-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash2019xix–xxi_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRobertsonNeimeyerNash2019">Robertson, Neimeyer & Nash 2019</a>, pp. xix–xxi. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash201948-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash201948_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRobertsonNeimeyerNash2019">Robertson, Neimeyer & Nash 2019</a>, p. 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-UnsungHero-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UnsungHero_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UnsungHero_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Knopf2012" class="citation news cs1">David Knopf (January 2, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190412081737/http://www.richmond-dailynews.com/2012/01/camden-fleming-man-an-unsung-hero-at-iwo-jima">"Camden-Fleming man an unsung hero at Iwo Jima"</a>. Richmond News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.richmond-dailynews.com/2012/01/camden-fleming-man-an-unsung-hero-at-Iwo-Jima">the original</a> on April 12, 2019. Retrieved March 12, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Richmond+News&rft.atitle=Camden-Fleming+man+an+unsung+hero+at+Iwo+Jima&rft.date=2012-01-02&rft.au=David+Knopf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.richmond-dailynews.com%2F2012%2F01%2Fcamden-fleming-man-an-unsung-hero-at-Iwo-Jima&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006306-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradley2006306_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBradley2006">Bradley 2006</a>, p. 306. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLance_Hernandez2016" class="citation news cs1">Lance Hernandez (February 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/local-news/world-war-ii-hero-of-iwo-jima-john-keith-wells-dies-in-arvada">"World War II 'Hero of Iwo Jima,' John Keith Wells, dies in Arvada"</a>. The Denver Channel. Retrieved March 16, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Denver+Channel&rft.atitle=World+War+II+%27Hero+of+Iwo+Jima%2C%27+John+Keith+Wells%2C+dies+in+Arvada&rft.date=2016-02-14&rft.au=Lance+Hernandez&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedenverchannel.com%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2Fworld-war-ii-hero-of-iwo-jima-john-keith-wells-dies-in-arvada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-G._Greeley_Wells_1991-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G._Greeley_Wells_1991_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-G._Greeley_Wells_1991_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFG._Greeley_Wells1991" class="citation news cs1">G. Greeley Wells (October 17, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/17/opinion/l-the-man-who-carried-the-flag-at-iwo-jima-631591.html">"The Man Who Carried the Flag at Iwo Jima"</a>. The New York Times. p. A26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Man+Who+Carried+the+Flag+at+Iwo+Jima&rft.pages=A26&rft.date=1991-10-17&rft.au=G.+Greeley+Wells&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F10%2F17%2Fopinion%2Fl-the-man-who-carried-the-flag-at-iwo-jima-631591.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FamousPictures-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FamousPictures_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucas2007" class="citation web cs1">Lucas, Dean (July 9, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.famouspictures.org/raising-the-flag-on-iwo-jima/">"Famous Pictures Magazine – Raising The Flag On Iwo Jima"</a>. Famous Pictures Magazine. Retrieved May 23, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Famous+Pictures+Magazine+%E2%80%93+Raising+The+Flag+On+Iwo+Jima&rft.pub=Famous+Pictures+Magazine&rft.date=2007-07-09&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.famouspictures.org%2Fraising-the-flag-on-iwo-jima%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NHHC-Bradley_2008-15"><a href="#cite_ref-NHHC-Bradley_2008_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley2008" class="citation interview cs1">Bradley, John H. (January 16, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/research/library/oral-histories/wwii/iwo-jima-flag-raising-on-mount-suribachi.html">"Oral History – Iwo Jima Flag Raising: Recollections of the flag raising on Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima by Pharmacist Mate Second Class John H. Bradley, USN, with the 5th Marine Division"</a>. Navy Department Library – Oral Histories (Interview). <a href="/wiki/Naval_History_and_Heritage_Command" title="Naval History and Heritage Command">Naval History and Heritage Command</a>. Retrieved January 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Navy+Department+Library+%E2%80%93+Oral+Histories&rft.atitle=Oral+History+%E2%80%93+Iwo+Jima+Flag+Raising%3A+Recollections+of+the+flag+raising+on+Mount+Suribachi+during+the+Battle+of+Iwo+Jima+by+Pharmacist+Mate+Second+Class+John+H.+Bradley%2C+USN%2C+with+the+5th+Marine+Division&rft.date=2008-01-16&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.navy.mil%2Fcontent%2Fhistory%2Fnhhc%2Fresearch%2Flibrary%2Foral-histories%2Fwwii%2Fiwo-jima-flag-raising-on-mount-suribachi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ruralfloridaliving.blogspot.com/2012/07/famous-floridian-friday-ernest-ivy.html">Rural Florida Living</a>. CBS Radio interview by Dan Pryor with flag raiser Ernest "Boots" Thomas on February 25, 1945 aboard the <a href="/wiki/USS_Eldorado" title="USS Eldorado">USS Eldorado</a>: "Three of us actually raised the flag". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash201915-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash201915_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRobertsonNeimeyerNash2019">Robertson, Neimeyer & Nash 2019</a>, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander1994[httpwwwnpsgovhistoryhistoryonline_booksnpswapaextContentusmcpcn-190-003131-00pcn-190-003131-00sec4ahtmflag_sec._4]-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander1994[httpwwwnpsgovhistoryhistoryonline_booksnpswapaextContentusmcpcn-190-003131-00pcn-190-003131-00sec4ahtmflag_sec._4]_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlexander1994">Alexander 1994</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/npswapa/extContent/usmc/pcn-190-003131-00/pcn-190-003131-00/sec4a.htm#flag">sec. 4</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander1994[httpwwwnpsgovhistoryhistoryonline_booksnpswapaextContentusmcpcn-190-003131-00pcn-190-003131-00indexhtm_cover]-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander1994[httpwwwnpsgovhistoryhistoryonline_booksnpswapaextContentusmcpcn-190-003131-00pcn-190-003131-00indexhtm_cover]_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlexander1994">Alexander 1994</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/npswapa/extContent/usmc/pcn-190-003131-00/pcn-190-003131-00/index.htm">cover</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2019-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown2019_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrown2019">Brown 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006205-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradley2006205_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBradley2006">Bradley 2006</a>, p. 205. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarren2007[httpsarchiveorgdetailsamericanspartans00jamepage70_70]-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarren2007[httpsarchiveorgdetailsamericanspartans00jamepage70_70]_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWarren2007">Warren 2007</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanspartans00jame/page/70">70</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClancy1996670-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClancy1996670_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClancy1996">Clancy 1996</a>, p. 670. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006207-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradley2006207_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradley2006207_24-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBradley2006">Bradley 2006</a>, p. 207. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash2019xix-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash2019xix_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRobertsonNeimeyerNash2019">Robertson, Neimeyer & Nash 2019</a>, p. xix. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuell2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsuncommonvalorcom00buelpage104_104],_221-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuell2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsuncommonvalorcom00buelpage104_104],_221_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBuell2006">Buell 2006</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/uncommonvalorcom00buel/page/104">104</a>, 221. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006210-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradley2006210_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBradley2006">Bradley 2006</a>, p. 210. </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-28"><a href="#cite_ref-guardian_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/28/alan-wood-iwo-jima-flag-photo">"Alan Wood, US veteran who provided flag for Iwo Jima picture, dies aged 90"</a>. The Guardian. Associated Press. April 28, 2013. Retrieved May 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Alan+Wood%2C+US+veteran+who+provided+flag+for+Iwo+Jima+picture%2C+dies+aged+90&rft.date=2013-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fapr%2F28%2Falan-wood-iwo-jima-flag-photo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-latimes-29"><a href="#cite_ref-latimes_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChawkins2013" class="citation news cs1">Chawkins, Steve (April 25, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-alan-wood-20130426,0,6445543.story">"Alan Wood dies at 90; provided Iwo Jima flag in World War II"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. Retrieved May 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Alan+Wood+dies+at+90%3B+provided+Iwo+Jima+flag+in+World+War+II&rft.date=2013-04-25&rft.aulast=Chawkins&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fla-me-alan-wood-20130426%2C0%2C6445543.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-csmonitor-30"><a href="#cite_ref-csmonitor_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2013" class="citation news cs1">Scott, David Clark (April 27, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/USA-Update/2013/0427/Alan-Wood-dies-leaves-legacy-of-Iwo-Jima-flag">"Alan Wood dies, leaves legacy of Iwo Jima flag"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_Monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Science Monitor">Christian Science Monitor</a>. Retrieved May 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Alan+Wood+dies%2C+leaves+legacy+of+Iwo+Jima+flag&rft.date=2013-04-27&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=David+Clark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FUSA%2FUSA-Update%2F2013%2F0427%2FAlan-Wood-dies-leaves-legacy-of-Iwo-Jima-flag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-iwo-jima-alan-wood-and-the-famous-flag-on-mount-suribachi.htm">Battle of Iwo Jima: Alan Wood and the Famous Flag on Mount Suribachi</a> HistoryNet, June 12, 2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-Patterson_1973-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Patterson_1973_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson1973" class="citation news cs1">Patterson, Rod (June 13, 1973). "Fame Eludes Creator Of Iwo Jima banner". <a href="/wiki/The_Oregonian" title="The Oregonian">The Oregonian</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Fame+Eludes+Creator+Of+Iwo+Jima+banner&rft.date=1973-06-13&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=Rod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navsource.org/archives/10/16/1016075823.jpg">"LST-758"</a>. navsource.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=navsource.org&rft.atitle=LST-758&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navsource.org%2Farchives%2F10%2F16%2F1016075823.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jacksjoint.com/CG%20on%20Iwo%20Jima.htm">"Coast Guard Linked to Iwo Jima"</a>. jacksjoint.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jacksjoint.com&rft.atitle=Coast+Guard+Linked+to+Iwo+Jima&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jacksjoint.com%2FCG%2520on%2520Iwo%2520Jima.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscg.mil/history/cutters/USN/LST/LST_758.pdf">"USS LST-758"</a> (PDF). uscg.mil.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uscg.mil&rft.atitle=USS+LST-758&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uscg.mil%2Fhistory%2Fcutters%2FUSN%2FLST%2FLST_758.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uscg.mil/history/weboralhistory/Resnick_Iwo_Jima.asp">USCG Veteran Provided Stars and Stripes for U.S. Marines</a> Silverstein, Judy L.; U.S. Coast Guard. </li> <li id="cite_note-Kime_2005-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Kime_2005_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKime2005" class="citation web cs1">Kime, Patricia (December 12, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armytimes.com/legacy/rar/1-292308-1408901.php">"Iwo Jima flag legend puts services at odds"</a>. armytimes.com. Retrieved May 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=armytimes.com&rft.atitle=Iwo+Jima+flag+legend+puts+services+at+odds&rft.date=2005-12-12&rft.aulast=Kime&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armytimes.com%2Flegacy%2Frar%2F1-292308-1408901.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Farhi, Paul (February 22, 2013). "The Iwo Jima photo and the man who helped save it". The Washington Post, p. c1 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/iwo-jima-photo-and-the-man-who-saw-it-shot/2013/02/21/ee11ab6c-77af-11e2-aa12-e6cf1d31106b_story.html">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fiery_2004-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Fiery_2004_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiery2004" class="citation web cs1">Fiery, Glenn (February 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120416014144/http://www.mclcal.org/text/articles/Iwo_Jima_Flag_Raising_A_Brief_History.html">"Iwo Jima flag raising A Brief History"</a>. Marine Corps League. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mclcal.org/text/articles/Iwo_Jima_Flag_Raising_A_Brief_History.html">the original</a> on April 16, 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iwo+Jima+flag+raising+A+Brief+History&rft.pub=Marine+Corps+League&rft.date=2004-02&rft.aulast=Fiery&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mclcal.org%2Ftext%2Farticles%2FIwo_Jima_Flag_Raising_A_Brief_History.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubinNewton2011" class="citation book cs1">Rubin, Cyma; Newton, Eric, eds. (2011). The Pulitzer Prize Photographs. Newseum Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9799521-3-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9799521-3-5"><bdi>978-0-9799521-3-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pulitzer+Prize+Photographs&rft.pub=Newseum+Inc.&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-9799521-3-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Colliers-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Colliers_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Colliers_41-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Colliers_41-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenthalHeinz1955" class="citation magazine cs1">Rosenthal, Joe; Heinz, W.C. (February 18, 1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130323213838/http://oldmagazinearticles.com/1955_Joe_Rosenthal_Io_Jima_Article_pdf">"The Picture that will Live Forever"</a>. Collier's Magazine. Crowell-Collier Publishing Company. Archived from the original on March 23, 2013. Retrieved April 18, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Collier%27s+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Picture+that+will+Live+Forever&rft.date=1955-02-18&rft.aulast=Rosenthal&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.au=Heinz%2C+W.C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foldmagazinearticles.com%2F1955_Joe_Rosenthal_Io_Jima_Article_pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine" title="Template:Cite magazine">cite magazine</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006209–211-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradley2006209–211_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBradley2006">Bradley 2006</a>, pp. 209–211. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash201918-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash201918_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRobertsonNeimeyerNash2019">Robertson, Neimeyer & Nash 2019</a>, p. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash201923-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash201923_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRobertsonNeimeyerNash2019">Robertson, Neimeyer & Nash 2019</a>, p. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-Many_Things-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Many_Things_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manythings.org/voa/usa/475.html">"This Is America – Six Men, a World War, a Pacific Island and an Image for All Time"</a>. Manythings.org. May 30, 2010. Retrieved May 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=This+Is+America+%E2%80%93+Six+Men%2C+a+World+War%2C+a+Pacific+Island+and+an+Image+for+All+Time&rft.pub=Manythings.org&rft.date=2010-05-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manythings.org%2Fvoa%2Fusa%2F475.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keloland-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Keloland_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHemmingsen2005" class="citation web cs1">Hemmingsen, Steve (November 11, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120404214007/http://www.keloland.com/NewsDetail6162.cfm?Id=43877">"Hemmingsen: A Developing Story"</a>. Keloland Television. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keloland.com/NewsDetail6162.cfm?Id=43877">the original</a> on April 4, 2012. Retrieved May 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hemmingsen%3A+A+Developing+Story&rft.pub=Keloland+Television&rft.date=2005-11-11&rft.aulast=Hemmingsen&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.keloland.com%2FNewsDetail6162.cfm%3FId%3D43877&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006220-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradley2006220_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradley2006220_47-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBradley2006">Bradley 2006</a>, p. 220. </li> <li id="cite_note-UTexas-48"><a href="#cite_ref-UTexas_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/documents/news/newsletter/2005_Spring_CAH_News.pdf">"Center for American History Spring 2005 Newsletter"</a> (PDF). Retrieved May 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Center+for+American+History+Spring+2005+Newsletter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cah.utexas.edu%2Fdocuments%2Fnews%2Fnewsletter%2F2005_Spring_CAH_News.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fox_News_2015-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Fox_News_2015_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUpson2015" class="citation web cs1">Upson, Cyd (May 15, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/story/fact-or-fiction-was-the-photo-of-the-iwo-jima-flag-raising-staged">"Fact or Fiction: Was the Photo of the Iwo Jima Flag-Raising Staged?"</a>. foxnews.com. Retrieved November 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=foxnews.com&rft.atitle=Fact+or+Fiction%3A+Was+the+Photo+of+the+Iwo+Jima+Flag-Raising+Staged%3F&rft.date=2015-05-15&rft.aulast=Upson&rft.aufirst=Cyd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2Ffact-or-fiction-was-the-photo-of-the-iwo-jima-flag-raising-staged&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ap-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ap_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ap_50-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ap_50-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ap_50-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandsberg" class="citation news cs1">Landsberg, Mitchell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040412081346/http://www.ap.org/pages/about/pulitzer/rosenthal.html">"Fifty Years Later, Iwo Jima Photographer Fights His Own Battle"</a>. Associated Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ap.org/pages/about/pulitzer/rosenthal.html">the original</a> on April 12, 2004. Retrieved May 30, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fifty+Years+Later%2C+Iwo+Jima+Photographer+Fights+His+Own+Battle&rft.aulast=Landsberg&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ap.org%2Fpages%2Fabout%2Fpulitzer%2Frosenthal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash2019xviii-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash2019xviii_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRobertsonNeimeyerNash2019">Robertson, Neimeyer & Nash 2019</a>, p. xviii. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006268-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradley2006268_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBradley2006">Bradley 2006</a>, p. 268. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006294-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradley2006294_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBradley2006">Bradley 2006</a>, p. 294. </li> <li id="cite_note-lecture-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lecture_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lecture_54-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley2001" class="citation speech cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Bradley_(American_author)" title="James Bradley (American author)">Bradley, James J.</a> (October 3, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130615153957/http://www.webb-institute.edu/Zeien-Lecture-Series-October-3-2001.html">Leadership and Doing the Impossible</a> (Speech). Zeien Lecture Series. <a href="/wiki/Webb_Institute" title="Webb Institute">Webb Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webb-institute.edu/Zeien-Lecture-Series-October-3-2001.html">the original</a> on June 15, 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leadership+and+Doing+the+Impossible&rft.place=Webb+Institute&rft.date=2001-10-03&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=James+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webb-institute.edu%2FZeien-Lecture-Series-October-3-2001.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006275-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradley2006275_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBradley2006">Bradley 2006</a>, p. 275. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006312-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradley2006312_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBradley2006">Bradley 2006</a>, p. 312. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006313-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradley2006313_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBradley2006">Bradley 2006</a>, p. 313. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006274-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradley2006274_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBradley2006">Bradley 2006</a>, p. 274. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley2006343-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradley2006343_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBradley2006">Bradley 2006</a>, p. 343. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.navalhistory.org/2016/07/01/john-bradleys-account-of-the-iwo-flag-raising">"John Bradley's Account of the Iwo Flag Raising"</a>. July 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Bradley%27s+Account+of+the+Iwo+Flag+Raising&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.navalhistory.org%2F2016%2F07%2F01%2Fjohn-bradleys-account-of-the-iwo-flag-raising&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradley20065-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradley20065_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBradley2006">Bradley 2006</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-mystery-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mystery_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mystery_62-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansen,_Matthew2014" class="citation news cs1">Hansen, Matthew (November 23, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dataomaha.com/media/news/2014/iwo-jima/">"New mystery arises from iconic Iwo Jima image"</a>. Omaha World-News. Retrieved May 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Omaha+World-News&rft.atitle=New+mystery+arises+from+iconic+Iwo+Jima+image&rft.date=2014-11-23&rft.au=Hansen%2C+Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdataomaha.com%2Fmedia%2Fnews%2F2014%2Fiwo-jima%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimes2014" class="citation web cs1">Times, Marine Corps (November 26, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/story/military/2014/11/26/marine-corps-history-disputed/70111886">"marine-corps-history-disputed"</a>. Marine Corps Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Marine+Corps+Times&rft.atitle=marine-corps-history-disputed&rft.date=2014-11-26&rft.aulast=Times&rft.aufirst=Marine+Corps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinecorpstimes.com%2Fstory%2Fmilitary%2F2014%2F11%2F26%2Fmarine-corps-history-disputed%2F70111886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFeteridge2016" class="citation web cs1">McFeteridge, Scott (May 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tampabay.com/news/nation/marines-investigating-claim-about-men-in-iwo-jima-photo/2275664/">"Marines investigating claim about men in Iwo Jima photo"</a>. Tampa Bay Times. Associated Press. Retrieved February 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tampa+Bay+Times&rft.atitle=Marines+investigating+claim+about+men+in+Iwo+Jima+photo&rft.date=2016-05-02&rft.aulast=McFeteridge&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampabay.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Fmarines-investigating-claim-about-men-in-iwo-jima-photo%2F2275664%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt2016" class="citation web cs1">Schmidt, Michael S. (June 23, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/24/us/politics/marines-iwo-jima-flag-photo-mistaken-identity.html">"Man in Iwo Jima Flag Photo Was Misidentified, Marine Corps Says"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved February 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Man+in+Iwo+Jima+Flag+Photo+Was+Misidentified%2C+Marine+Corps+Says&rft.date=2016-06-23&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Michael+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F06%2F24%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fmarines-iwo-jima-flag-photo-mistaken-identity.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt,_Michael_S.2016" class="citation news cs1">Schmidt, Michael S. (May 3, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/04/us/iwo-jima-marines-bradley.html?_r=0">"'Flags of Our Fathers' Author Now Doubts His Father Was in Iwo Jima Photo"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved May 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Flags+of+Our+Fathers%27+Author+Now+Doubts+His+Father+Was+in+Iwo+Jima+Photo&rft.date=2016-05-03&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Michael+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F05%2F04%2Fus%2Fiwo-jima-marines-bradley.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNewsSchultz2016-67"><a href="#cite_ref-DNewsSchultz2016_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcfetridge,_Scott2016" class="citation web cs1">Mcfetridge, Scott (May 3, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2016/05/03/detroit-marine-iwo-jima/83895712/">"Detroit Marine could be in iconic Iwo Jima photo"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Detroit_News" title="The Detroit News">The Detroit News</a>, <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Retrieved May 22, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Detroit+Marine+could+be+in+iconic+Iwo+Jima+photo&rft.pub=The+Detroit+News%2C+Associated+Press&rft.date=2016-05-03&rft.au=Mcfetridge%2C+Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.detroitnews.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fdetroit-city%2F2016%2F05%2F03%2Fdetroit-marine-iwo-jima%2F83895712%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OmahaWN-Schultz2016-68"><a href="#cite_ref-OmahaWN-Schultz2016_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansen,_Matthew2016" class="citation news cs1">Hansen, Matthew (May 6, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omaha.com/columnists/hansen/hansen-after-studying-owh-column-flags-of-our-fathers-author/article_685c1f78-1178-11e6-8081-ebf1f0b2b99d.html">"Hansen: After studying OWH column, 'Flags of Our Fathers' author James Bradley says father isn't in iconic Iwo Jima photo"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Omaha_World-Herald" title="Omaha World-Herald">Omaha World-Herald</a>. Retrieved May 22, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Omaha+World-Herald&rft.atitle=Hansen%3A+After+studying+OWH+column%2C+%27Flags+of+Our+Fathers%27+author+James+Bradley+says+father+isn%27t+in+iconic+Iwo+Jima+photo&rft.date=2016-05-06&rft.au=Hansen%2C+Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omaha.com%2Fcolumnists%2Fhansen%2Fhansen-after-studying-owh-column-flags-of-our-fathers-author%2Farticle_685c1f78-1178-11e6-8081-ebf1f0b2b99d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/warrior-iconic-iwo-jima-flag-raising-photo-was-misidentified-marines-n1064766">"Warrior in iconic Iwo Jima flag-raising photo was misidentified, Marine Corps acknowledges"</a>. NBC News. October 16, 2019. Retrieved October 30, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Warrior+in+iconic+Iwo+Jima+flag-raising+photo+was+misidentified%2C+Marine+Corps+acknowledges&rft.date=2019-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fwarrior-iconic-iwo-jima-flag-raising-photo-was-misidentified-marines-n1064766&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> "Meet the Marine the world just learned helped raise the flag at Iwo Jima in World War II". USA Today. 2019-10-22. Retrieved 2020-03-23. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash201963–65-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertsonNeimeyerNash201963–65_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRobertsonNeimeyerNash2019">Robertson, Neimeyer & Nash 2019</a>, pp. 63–65. </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischer-72"><a href="#cite_ref-Fischer_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischerFischer2003" class="citation book cs1">Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w3CdrctE80IC">Complete historical handbook of the Pulitzer Prize system, 1917–2000 decision-making processes in all award categories based on unpublished sources</a>. München: K.G. Saur. pp. 200–201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110939125" title="Special:BookSources/9783110939125"><bdi>9783110939125</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complete+historical+handbook+of+the+Pulitzer+Prize+system%2C+1917%E2%80%932000+decision-making+processes+in+all+award+categories+based+on+unpublished+sources&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen&rft.pages=200-201&rft.pub=K.G.+Saur&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9783110939125&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Heinz-D.&rft.au=Fischer%2C+Erika+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw3CdrctE80IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WaPo_2003-06-09-73"><a href="#cite_ref-WaPo_2003-06-09_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Washington_Post2003" class="citation news cs1">The Washington Post (June 9, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221718/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2003-06-09/news/0306080314_1_iwo-jima-weldon-memorial">"Felix De Weldon, 96, Iwo Jima Memorial Sculptor"</a>. Sun Sentinel. South Florida. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2003-06-09/news/0306080314_1_iwo-jima-weldon-memorial">the original</a> on March 3, 2016. Retrieved January 29, 2012. <q>The image mesmerized Mr. de Weldon, who began sculpting a model the day the photo was released...a model that he completed in 72 hours.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sun+Sentinel&rft.atitle=Felix+De+Weldon%2C+96%2C+Iwo+Jima+Memorial+Sculptor&rft.date=2003-06-09&rft.au=The+Washington+Post&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.sun-sentinel.com%2F2003-06-09%2Fnews%2F0306080314_1_iwo-jima-weldon-memorial&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_2003-06-15-74"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_2003-06-15_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2003" class="citation news cs1">Martin, Douglas (June 15, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/15/us/felix-de-weldon-is-dead-at-96-sculptured-memorial-to-marines.html">"Felix de Weldon Is Dead at 96; Sculptured Memorial to Marines"</a>. New York Times. Retrieved January 29, 2012. <q>When his finished work was wheeled into the office of the Marine Corps commandant, the man was so impressed that he transferred Mr. de Weldon into the Marine Corps.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Felix+de+Weldon+Is+Dead+at+96%3B+Sculptured+Memorial+to+Marines&rft.date=2003-06-15&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F06%2F15%2Fus%2Ffelix-de-weldon-is-dead-at-96-sculptured-memorial-to-marines.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPS-75"><a href="#cite_ref-NPS_75-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990420153547/http://www.nps.gov/gwmp/usmc.htm">"USMC War Memorial"</a>. National Park Service. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/gwmp/usmc.htm">the original</a> on April 20, 1999. Retrieved May 30, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USMC+War+Memorial&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fgwmp%2Fusmc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flag_Raiser-76"><a href="#cite_ref-Flag_Raiser_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050308172908/http://www.mediatechnics.com/iwo-jima-the-last-flag-raiser-dvd.php">"The Last Flag Raiser"</a>. Mediatechnics.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediatechnics.com/iwo-jima-the-last-flag-raiser-dvd.php">the original</a> on March 8, 2005. Retrieved May 30, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Last+Flag+Raiser&rft.pub=Mediatechnics.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediatechnics.com%2Fiwo-jima-the-last-flag-raiser-dvd.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MPR-77"><a href="#cite_ref-MPR_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWurzerSiple2005" class="citation web cs1">Wurzer, Cathy; Siple, Julie (February 18, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2005/02/18_wurzerc_photo/">"Vets still fight Iwo Jima flag flap"</a>. Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved May 30, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vets+still+fight+Iwo+Jima+flag+flap&rft.pub=Minnesota+Public+Radio&rft.date=2005-02-18&rft.aulast=Wurzer&rft.aufirst=Cathy&rft.au=Siple%2C+Julie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.minnesota.publicradio.org%2Ffeatures%2F2005%2F02%2F18_wurzerc_photo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roy-78"><a href="#cite_ref-Roy_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2003" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Roy H. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.invisibleheroes.com/hero.asp?issue=108">"An Island in WWII"</a>. invisibleheroes.com. Retrieved May 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=invisibleheroes.com&rft.atitle=An+Island+in+WWII&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Roy+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.invisibleheroes.com%2Fhero.asp%3Fissue%3D108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USMC_Museum-79"><a href="#cite_ref-USMC_Museum_79-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usmcmuseum.org/Museum_Collections.asp">"Collections of the National Museum of the Marine Corps"</a>. Usmcmuseum.org. Retrieved May 30, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Collections+of+the+National+Museum+of+the+Marine+Corps&rft.pub=Usmcmuseum.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usmcmuseum.org%2FMuseum_Collections.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turner2004-80"><a href="#cite_ref-Turner2004_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2004" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Steve (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6qaANnvGwGkC&pg=RA2-PA1963-IA1">The Man Called CASH: The Life, Love and Faith of an American Legend</a>. Thomas Nelson Inc. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4185-7809-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4185-7809-1"><bdi>978-1-4185-7809-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Man+Called+CASH%3A+The+Life%2C+Love+and+Faith+of+an+American+Legend&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson+Inc&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4185-7809-1&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6qaANnvGwGkC%26pg%3DRA2-PA1963-IA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunn2008-81"><a href="#cite_ref-Dunn2008_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn2008" class="citation book cs1">Dunn, Tim (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CbJJLXdF0N4C&pg=PA41">The Bob Dylan Copyright Files 1962–2007</a>. AuthorHouse. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4389-1589-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4389-1589-0"><bdi>978-1-4389-1589-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bob+Dylan+Copyright+Files+1962%E2%80%932007&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4389-1589-0&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCbJJLXdF0N4C%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Drake, Hal (February 21, 1965) Flag raiser's return To Iwo Jima: 'It all seems impossible' <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.stripes.com/news/flag-raiser-s-return-to-iwo-jima-it-all-seems-impossible-1.18468">[2]</a> Stars and Stripes </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuell2006-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuell2006_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBuell2006">Buell 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> Duckler, Ray (Concord Monitor, May 25, 2014) Ray Duckler: Son of Marine in iconic photo pays tribute to his father <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053619/http://www.concordmonitor.com/home/12051030-95/ray-duckler-son-of-marine-in-iconic-photo-pays-tribute-to-his-father">"Ray Duckler: Son of Marine in iconic photo pays tribute to his father | Concord Monitor"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.concordmonitor.com/home/12051030-95/ray-duckler-son-of-marine-in-iconic-photo-pays-tribute-to-his-father">the original</a> on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 5, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ray+Duckler%3A+Son+of+Marine+in+iconic+photo+pays+tribute+to+his+father+%26%23124%3B+Concord+Monitor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.concordmonitor.com%2Fhome%2F12051030-95%2Fray-duckler-son-of-marine-in-iconic-photo-pays-tribute-to-his-father&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> Retrieved January 4, 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-U.S._Naval_Institute-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Naval_Institute_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Naval_Institute_85-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usni.org/iwo-jima-parody-photos/">""Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima":The Most Reproduced and Parodied Photo in History?"</a>. U.S. Naval Institute. Retrieved January 23, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Raising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima%22%3AThe+Most+Reproduced+and+Parodied+Photo+in+History%3F&rft.pub=U.S.+Naval+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usni.org%2Fiwo-jima-parody-photos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burrell2006-86"><a href="#cite_ref-Burrell2006_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurrell2006" class="citation book cs1">Burrell, Robert S. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K8J4wkgcqCIC&pg=PA246">The Ghosts of Iwo Jima</a>. Texas A&M University Press. pp. 178, 246. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58544-483-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58544-483-0"><bdi>978-1-58544-483-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ghosts+of+Iwo+Jima&rft.pages=178%2C+246&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-58544-483-0&rft.aulast=Burrell&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK8J4wkgcqCIC%26pg%3DPA246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USPS-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USPS_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USPS_87-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://about.usps.com/publications/pub528.pdf">"Battle of Iwo Jima"</a> (PDF). Veterans and the Military on Stamps. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a>. p. 20. Retrieved November 6, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Veterans+and+the+Military+on+Stamps&rft.atitle=Battle+of+Iwo+Jima&rft.pages=20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabout.usps.com%2Fpublications%2Fpub528.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ground_Zero-88"><a href="#cite_ref-Ground_Zero_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.groundzerospirit.org/about.asp">"About the Photo"</a>. Ground Zero Spirit. <a href="/wiki/North_Jersey_Media_Group" title="North Jersey Media Group">North Jersey Media Group Foundation</a>. Retrieved November 6, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ground+Zero+Spirit&rft.atitle=About+the+Photo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.groundzerospirit.org%2Fabout.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAderet2012" class="citation news cs1">Aderet, Ofer (September 29, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/former-idf-general-israeli-icon-avraham-adan-dies-at-86-1.467408">"Former IDF General Israeli Icon Avraham Adan Dies at 86"</a>. Haaretz Newspaper in Israel. Haaretz Daily Newspaper Ltd. Retrieved July 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz+Newspaper+in+Israel&rft.atitle=Former+IDF+General+Israeli+Icon+Avraham+Adan+Dies+at+86&rft.date=2012-09-29&rft.aulast=Aderet&rft.aufirst=Ofer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fformer-idf-general-israeli-icon-avraham-adan-dies-at-86-1.467408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-parodies_MCT-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-parodies_MCT_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-parodies_MCT_90-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-parodies_MCT_90-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-parodies_MCT_90-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamothe2010" class="citation news cs1">Lamothe, Dan (March 15, 2010). "BASSA-ckward: British labor group alters iconic Marine image". <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Times" title="Marine Corps Times">Marine Corps Times</a>. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Corps+Times&rft.atitle=BASSA-ckward%3A+British+labor+group+alters+iconic+Marine+image&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2010-03-15&rft.aulast=Lamothe&rft.aufirst=Dan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kienholz-91"><a href="#cite_ref-Kienholz_91-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillick1996" class="citation web cs1">Willick, Damon (May 6, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120512011848/http://x-traonline.org/past_articles.php?articleID=48">"Good morning, my name is Ed Kienholz"</a>. Contemporary Art Quarterly. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://x-traonline.org/past_articles.php?articleID=48">the original</a> on May 12, 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Good+morning%2C+my+name+is+Ed+Kienholz&rft.pub=Contemporary+Art+Quarterly&rft.date=1996-05-06&rft.aulast=Willick&rft.aufirst=Damon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fx-traonline.org%2Fpast_articles.php%3FarticleID%3D48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Upshaw_1996-92"><a href="#cite_ref-Upshaw_1996_92-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUpshaw1996" class="citation magazine cs1">Upshaw, Reagan (1996). "Scavenger's Parade: the Edward Kienholz Retrospective Now on View in Los Angeles Reviews the Career of a Pioneer of American Postwar Assemblage". <a href="/wiki/Art_in_America" title="Art in America">Art in America</a>. Vol. 84, no. 10. pp. 98–107.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Art+in+America&rft.atitle=Scavenger%27s+Parade%3A+the+Edward+Kienholz+Retrospective+Now+on+View+in+Los+Angeles+Reviews+the+Career+of+a+Pioneer+of+American+Postwar+Assemblage&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=98-107&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Upshaw&rft.aufirst=Reagan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gay_Pride-93"><a href="#cite_ref-Gay_Pride_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180310233927/https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/gay-pride-high-res-stock-photography/102198439">"Gay Pride High-Res Stock Photography"</a>. Getty Images. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/gay-pride-high-res-stock-photography/102198439">the original</a> on March 10, 2018. Retrieved February 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gay+Pride+High-Res+Stock+Photography&rft.pub=Getty+Images&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gettyimages.com%2Fdetail%2Fphoto%2Fgay-pride-high-res-stock-photography%2F102198439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2015/07/01/iwo-jima-marines-gay-pride-and-a-photo-adaptation-that-spawns-fury/">"Iwo Jima Marines, gay pride and a photo adaptation that spawns fury"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved July 2, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Iwo+Jima+Marines%2C+gay+pride+and+a+photo+adaptation+that+spawns+fury&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcheckpoint%2Fwp%2F2015%2F07%2F01%2Fiwo-jima-marines-gay-pride-and-a-photo-adaptation-that-spawns-fury%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcrdpi.marines.mil/Recruit-Training/Crucible/">Recruit Training – Crucible</a> <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Recruit_Depot_Parris_Island" title="Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island">Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/taliban-photo-america-ww2-b1906857.html">"Taliban PR photo mimics America's iconic Iwo Jima image"</a>. The Independent. August 22, 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Taliban+PR+photo+mimics+America%E2%80%99s+iconic+Iwo+Jima+image&rft.date=2021-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Ftaliban-photo-america-ww2-b1906857.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander1994" class="citation book cs1">Alexander, Joseph H. (1994). Closing In: Marines in the Seizure of Iwo Jima. Marines in World War II Commemorative Series. Washington, D.C.: History and Museums Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/32194668">32194668</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Closing+In%3A+Marines+in+the+Seizure+of+Iwo+Jima&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=Marines+in+World+War+II+Commemorative+Series&rft.pub=History+and+Museums+Division%2C+Headquarters%2C+U.S.+Marine+Corps&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F32194668&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Joseph+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Bradley_(American_author)" title="James Bradley (American author)">Bradley, James</a> (2006) [2000]. <a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Our_Fathers" title="Flags of Our Fathers">Flags of Our Fathers</a>. New York: Bantam. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-38415-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-38415-4"><bdi>978-0-553-38415-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flags+of+Our+Fathers&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Bantam&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-553-38415-4&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2019" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Rodney (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YXAmygEACAAJ&q=iwo+jima+monuments">Iwo Jima Monuments: The Untold Story</a>. War Museum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-7334294-3-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-7334294-3-6"><bdi>978-1-7334294-3-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved November 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iwo+Jima+Monuments%3A+The+Untold+Story&rft.pub=War+Museum&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-7334294-3-6&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYXAmygEACAAJ%26q%3Diwo%2Bjima%2Bmonuments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuell2006" class="citation book cs1">Buell, Hal (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/uncommonvalorcom00buel">Uncommon Valor, Common Virtue: Iwo Jima and the Photograph that Captured America</a>. Berkeley, California: Berkeley Publishing Group/Penguin Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-425-20980-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-425-20980-6"><bdi>978-0-425-20980-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uncommon+Valor%2C+Common+Virtue%3A+Iwo+Jima+and+the+Photograph+that+Captured+America&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pub=Berkeley+Publishing+Group%2FPenguin+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-425-20980-6&rft.aulast=Buell&rft.aufirst=Hal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funcommonvalorcom00buel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClancy1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Clancy" title="Tom Clancy">Clancy, Tom</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wQG95Vd5iYYC&pg=PT670">Marine: A Guided Tour of a Marine Expeditionary Unit</a>. Penguin Group US. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4295-2009-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4295-2009-6"><bdi>978-1-4295-2009-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marine%3A+A+Guided+Tour+of+a+Marine+Expeditionary+Unit&rft.pub=Penguin+Group+US&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-4295-2009-6&rft.aulast=Clancy&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwQG95Vd5iYYC%26pg%3DPT670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeckie1967" class="citation book cs1">Leckie, Robert (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/battleforiwojima00leck">The Battle of Iwo Jima</a>. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0394904184" title="Special:BookSources/978-0394904184"><bdi>978-0394904184</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Iwo+Jima&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-0394904184&rft.aulast=Leckie&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbattleforiwojima00leck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertsonNeimeyerNash2019" class="citation book cs1">Robertson, Breanne; Neimeyer, Charles; Nash, Douglas (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usmcu.edu/Portals/218/Investigating%20Iwo_WEB3.pdf?ver=2019-10-22-085649-137">Investigating Iwo: The Flag Raisings in Myth, Memory & Esprit de Corps</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_History_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Corps History Division">Marine Corps History Division</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1732003071" title="Special:BookSources/978-1732003071"><bdi>978-1732003071</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Investigating+Iwo%3A+The+Flag+Raisings+in+Myth%2C+Memory+%26+Esprit+de+Corps&rft.pub=Marine+Corps+History+Division&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1732003071&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Breanne&rft.au=Neimeyer%2C+Charles&rft.au=Nash%2C+Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usmcu.edu%2FPortals%2F218%2FInvestigating%2520Iwo_WEB3.pdf%3Fver%3D2019-10-22-085649-137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren2007" class="citation book cs1">Warren, James A. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanspartans00jame">American Spartans: The U.S. Marines: A Combat History from Iwo Jima to Iraq</a>. New York: Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-3297-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-3297-2"><bdi>978-1-4165-3297-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Spartans%3A+The+U.S.+Marines%3A+A+Combat+History+from+Iwo+Jima+to+Iraq&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-3297-2&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanspartans00jame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinberg1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Weinberg" title="Gerhard Weinberg">Weinberg, Gerhard L.</a> (1994). A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II. Cambridge; New York: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-55879-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-55879-2"><bdi>978-0-521-55879-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+World+at+Arms%3A+A+Global+History+of+World+War+II&rft.place=Cambridge%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-521-55879-2&rft.aulast=Weinberg&rft.aufirst=Gerhard+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillie2010" class="citation book cs1">Willie, Clarence E. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8CjMHn8es5sC&pg=PA97">African American Voices from Iwo Jima: Personal Accounts of the Battle</a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5694-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5694-9"><bdi>978-0-7864-5694-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+American+Voices+from+Iwo+Jima%3A+Personal+Accounts+of+the+Battle&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-5694-9&rft.aulast=Willie&rft.aufirst=Clarence+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8CjMHn8es5sC%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima">Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180825153418/https://news.usni.org/2015/02/23/iwo-jima-at-70-the-most-reproduced-and-parodied-photo-in-history">Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima: The most parodied photo in history?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://feeds.radioamerica.org/rd-bin/rdfeed.mp3?Veterans&cast_id=9849">Captain Dave Severance talks about the Battle of Iwo Jima and raising the flag</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChlosta2007" class="citation web cs1">Chlosta, SSgt Matthew, U.S. Army (July 6, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111105072107/http://www.jpac.pacom.mil/index.php?page=press_center&size=100&ind=0&fldr=PressFeatured&file=IwoJima">"JPAC investigation team returns from Iwo Jima (re: William Genaust)"</a>. Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command (JPAC). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpac.pacom.mil/index.php?page=press_center&size=100&ind=0&fldr=PressFeatured&file=IwoJima">the original</a> on November 5, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JPAC+investigation+team+returns+from+Iwo+Jima+%28re%3A+William+Genaust%29&rft.pub=Joint+POW%2FMIA+Accounting+Command+%28JPAC%29&rft.date=2007-07-06&rft.aulast=Chlosta&rft.aufirst=SSgt+Matthew%2C+U.S.+Army&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpac.pacom.mil%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dpress_center%26size%3D100%26ind%3D0%26fldr%3DPressFeatured%26file%3DIwoJima&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaising+the+Flag+on+Iwo+Jima" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldwar-two.net/events/mass_on_mount_suribachi/">Second World War – Mass on Mount Suribachi</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Marine_Corps" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Marine_Corps_navbox" title="Template:US Marine Corps navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Marine_Corps_navbox" title="Template talk:US Marine Corps navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Marine_Corps_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Marine Corps navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Marine_Corps" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Under_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Under Secretary of the Navy">Under Secretary of the Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Commandant of the United States Marine Corps">Commandant of the Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Commandant_of_the_Marine_Corps" title="Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps">Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_Major_of_the_Marine_Corps" title="Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps">Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Secretary_to_the_Commandant_of_the_Marine_Corps" title="Military Secretary to the Commandant of the Marine Corps">Military Secretary to the Commandant of the Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_four-star_generals" title="List of United States Marine Corps four-star generals">Marine Corps four-star generals</a></li> <li>Marine Corps three-star generals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_lieutenant_generals_on_active_duty_before_1960" title="List of United States Marine Corps lieutenant generals on active duty before 1960">1942–1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_lieutenant_generals_from_2000_to_2009" title="List of United States Marine Corps lieutenant generals from 2000 to 2009">2000–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_lieutenant_generals_since_2010" title="List of United States Marine Corps lieutenant generals since 2010">2010–present</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="US_Congress" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">US Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States House Committee on Armed Services">House Armed Services Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Seapower_and_Projection_Forces" title="United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Seapower and Projection Forces">Seapower and Projection Forces subcommittee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Armed Services Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Seapower" title="United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Seapower">Seapower subcommittee</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="Seal of the United States Marine Corps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Emblem_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg/80px-Emblem_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Emblem_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg/120px-Emblem_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Emblem_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg/160px-Emblem_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Organization of the United States Marine Corps">Organization of the Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_Marine_Corps" title="Headquarters Marine Corps">Headquarters Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Forces_Command" title="United States Marine Corps Forces Command">Marine Forces Command</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/II_Marine_Expeditionary_Force" title="II Marine Expeditionary Force">II Marine Expeditionary Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Forces,_Pacific" title="United States Marine Corps Forces, Pacific">Marine Forces Pacific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_Marine_Expeditionary_Force" title="I Marine Expeditionary Force">I Marine Expeditionary Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III_Marine_Expeditionary_Force" title="III Marine Expeditionary Force">III Marine Expeditionary Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Reserve" title="United States Marine Corps Reserve">Marine Forces Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Marine_Force" title="Fleet Marine Force">Fleet Marine Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Marine_Force,_Atlantic" title="Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Marine_Force,_Pacific" title="Fleet Marine Force, Pacific">Pacific</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Combat_Development_Command" title="Marine Corps Combat Development Command">Marine Corps Combat Development Command</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Training_and_Education_Command" title="United States Marine Corps Training and Education Command">Training & Education Command</a> (TECOM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Warfighting_Laboratory" title="United States Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory">United States Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Systems_Command" title="Marine Corps Systems Command">Marine Corps Systems Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Auxiliary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Cyber_Auxiliary" title="Marine Corps Cyber Auxiliary">Marine Corps Cyber Auxiliary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Air-Ground_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Air-Ground Task Force">Marine Air-Ground Task Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_installations" title="List of United States Marine Corps installations">Bases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_battalions" title="List of United States Marine Corps battalions">Battalions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_regiments" title="List of United States Marine Corps regiments">Regiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_brigades" title="List of United States Marine Corps brigades">Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_divisions" title="List of United States Marine Corps divisions">Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Organization of the United States Marine Corps">MEF/Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Aviation" title="United States Marine Corps Aviation">Marine aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_expeditionary_unit" title="Marine expeditionary unit">Marine expeditionary unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Security_Guard" title="Marine Security Guard">Marine Security Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Forces_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Marine Forces Special Operations Command">Special Operations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Raiders" title="Marine Raiders">Marine Raiders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Raider_Regiment" title="Marine Raider Regiment">Marine Raider Regiment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Air-Ground_Task_Force_Reconnaissance" title="United States Marine Air-Ground Task Force Reconnaissance">Recon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Force_Reconnaissance" title="United States Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance">Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Reconnaissance_Battalions" title="United States Marine Corps Reconnaissance Battalions">Division</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel and training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_rank_insignia" title="United States Marine Corps rank insignia">Rank insignia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_MOS" title="List of United States Marine Corps MOS">MOS</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marines" title="List of United States Marines">Notable Marines</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_United_States_Marines" title="List of historic United States Marines">Historical Marines</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_astronauts" title="List of United States Marine Corps astronauts">Marine Astronauts</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Criminal_Investigation_Division" title="United States Marine Corps Criminal Investigation Division">Criminal Investigation Division</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Judge_Advocate_Division" title="United States Marine Corps Judge Advocate Division">Judge Advocate Division</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Chaplain of the United States Marine Corps">Chaplain of the Marine Corps</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_associated_with_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Category:Organizations associated with the United States Marine Corps">Associated organizations</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Recruit_Training" title="United States Marine Corps Recruit Training">Recruit Training</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_School_of_Infantry" title="United States Marine Corps School of Infantry">School of Infantry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidates_School_(United_States_Marine_Corps)" title="Officer Candidates School (United States Marine Corps)">Officer Candidates School</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Basic_School" title="The Basic School">The Basic School</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Martial_Arts_Program" title="Marine Corps Martial Arts Program">Martial Arts Program</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Uniforms and equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Uniforms of the United States Marine Corps">Uniforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Navy">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Badges of the United States Marine Corps">Badges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="List of weapons of the United States Marine Corps">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicles_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="List of vehicles of the United States Marine Corps">Vehicles and aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_individual_equipment" title="List of United States Marine Corps individual equipment">Individual equipment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History and traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="History of the United States Marine Corps">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Culture of the United States Marine Corps">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_acronyms_and_expressions" title="List of United States Marine Corps acronyms and expressions">Acronyms and terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_birthday" title="United States Marine Corps birthday">Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_Sergeant_of_the_Marine_Corps" title="Color Sergeant of the Marine Corps">Color Sergeant of the Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle,_Globe,_and_Anchor" title="Eagle, Globe, and Anchor">Eagle, Globe, and Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Flag of the United States Marine Corps">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Band" title="United States Marine Band">Marine Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Drum_and_Bugle_Corps" title="United States Marine Drum and Bugle Corps">Drum and Bugle Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_Marines" title="Horse Marines">Horse Marines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_One" title="Marine One">Marine One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Color_Guard" title="United States Marine Corps Color Guard">Color Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Silent_Drill_Platoon" title="United States Marine Corps Silent Drill Platoon">Silent Drill Platoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Military_Office" title="White House Military Office">White House Sentries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Marine_Corps)" title="Service number (United States Marine Corps)">Service Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_War_Memorial" title="Marine Corps War Memorial">Marine Corps War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Detachment" title="Marine Detachment">Marine Detachments</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Marines%27_Hymn" title="Marines' Hymn">Marines' Hymn</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oorah" title="Oorah">Oorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Marine_Corps" title="National Museum of the Marine Corps">National Museum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifleman%27s_Creed" title="Rifleman's Creed">Rifleman's Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semper_fidelis" title="Semper fidelis">Semper Fidelis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semper_Fidelis_(march)" title="Semper Fidelis (march)">march</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Hispanics in the United States Marine Corps">History of Hispanics in the USMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Women in the United States Marine Corps">History of women in the USMC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Women%27s_Reserve" title="United States Marine Corps Women's Reserve">Women's Reserve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_Marine" title="Honorary Marine">Honorary Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toys_for_Tots" title="Toys for Tots">Toys for Tots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gung_ho" title="Gung ho">Gung ho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Category:United States Marine Corps">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II" title="Template:World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_II" title="Template talk:World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_World_War_II" title="Outline of World War II">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_battles" title="List of World War II battles">Battles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_military_operations" title="List of World War II military operations">Operations</a></li></ul></li> <li>Leaders <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Allied leaders of World War II">Allied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Axis leaders of World War II">Axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanders_of_World_War_II" title="Commanders of World War II">Commanders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_casualties" title="World War II casualties">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_World_War_II_conferences" title="List of Allied World War II conferences">Conferences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_topics" title="Lists of World War II topics">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_warfare_of_World_War_II" title="Air warfare of World War II">Air warfare of World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_air_operations_during_the_Battle_of_Europe" title="List of air operations during the Battle of Europe">In Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_officer_ranks_of_World_War_II" title="Comparative officer ranks of World War II">Comparative military ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_cryptography" title="World War II cryptography">Cryptography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_II" title="Declarations of war during World War II">Declarations of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_II" title="Diplomatic history of World War II">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governments_in_exile_during_World_War_II" title="List of governments in exile during World War II">Governments in exile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Home front during World War II">Home front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Australian home front during World War II">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United Kingdom home front during World War II">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project" title="British contribution to the Manhattan Project">British contribution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_awards_and_decorations_of_World_War_II" title="List of military awards and decorations of World War II">Military awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_military_equipment" title="Lists of World War II military equipment">Military equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_production_during_World_War_II" title="Military production during World War II">Military production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_World_War_II" title="Naval history of World War II">Naval history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_plunder" title="Nazi plunder">Nazi plunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_II" title="Opposition to World War II">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_II" title="Technology during World War II">Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_technological_cooperation_during_World_War_II" title="Allied technological cooperation during World War II">Allied cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry harbour">Mulberry harbour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_war#World_War_II" title="Total war">Total war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_puppet_states" title="List of World War II puppet states">Puppet states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_World_War_II" title="Women in World War II">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_and_World_War_II" title="Art and World War II">Art and World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_World_War_II" title="Music in World War II">Music in World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_events_during_wars#World_War_II" title="Weather events during wars">Weather events during World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_and_campaigns_of_World_War_II" title="List of theaters and campaigns of World War II">Theaters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_theater" title="Asiatic-Pacific theater">Asia and Pacific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">South-East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">North and Central Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">South-West Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Atlantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Americas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">Aftermath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">Expulsion of Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Keelhaul" title="Operation Keelhaul">Keelhaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Occupation of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Osoaviakhim" title="Operation Osoaviakhim">Osoaviakhim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Paperclip" title="Operation Paperclip">Paperclip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_occupations_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military occupations by the Soviet Union">Soviet occupations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Hungary–Soviet Union relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" title="Soviet occupation of Romania">Romania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Territorial changes of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_II" title="War crimes in World War II">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_war_crimes_during_World_War_II" title="Allied war crimes during World War II">Allied war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="Soviet war crimes">Soviet war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="British war crimes">British war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="United States war crimes">United States war crimes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="German war crimes">German war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_of_the_Wehrmacht" title="War crimes of the Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Holocaust" title="Aftermath of the Holocaust">Aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_response_to_the_Holocaust" title="International response to the Holocaust">Response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_war_crimes" title="Italian war crimes">Italian war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_731" title="Unit 731">Unit 731</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">Prosecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Croatian war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia">Persecution of Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania#The_Holocaust" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romanian war crimes</a></li> <li>Sexual violence <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_military_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German military brothels in World War II">German military brothels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_camp_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German camp brothels in World War II">Camp brothels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Germany" title="Rape during the occupation of Germany">Rape during the occupation of Germany</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Japan" title="Rape during the occupation of Japan">Japan</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Soviet_occupation_of_Poland" title="Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_France" title="Rape during the liberation of France">Rape during the liberation of France</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_Serbia" title="Rape during the liberation of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">Comfort women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_massacre#Mass_rapes" title="Manila massacre">Rape of Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marocchinate" title="Marocchinate">Marocchinate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_by_country" title="World War II by country">Participants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria_in_World_War_II" title="Algeria in World War II">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Australia during World War II">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_II" title="Belgium in World War II">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_in_World_War_II" title="Brazil in World War II">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">from September 1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" title="Canada in World War II">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" title="Cuba during World War II">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini_in_World_War_II" title="Eswatini in World War II">Eswatini</a> (formerly Swaziland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">from September 1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Greece during World War II">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Co-belligerent_Army" title="Italian Co-belligerent Army">Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">from September 1943</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_World_War_II" title="Luxembourg in World War II">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Mexico during World War II">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Netherlands_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Netherlands during World War II">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Newfoundland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Newfoundland during World War II">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of New Zealand during World War II">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Philippines during World War II">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Romanian coup d'état">from August 1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_in_World_War_II" title="Sierra Leone in World War II">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of South Africa during World War II">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_II" title="Southern Rhodesia in World War II">Southern Rhodesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" title="Soviet Union in World War II">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuva_in_World_War_II" title="Tuva in World War II">Tuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_in_World_War_II" title="British Empire in World War II">British Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_World_War_II" title="Puerto Ricans in World War II">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Albania protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (until September 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Wang Jingwei regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (until September 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">French Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">Italy</a> (until September 1943) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (until August 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers">Collaboration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Neutral_powers_during_World_War_II" title="Neutral powers during World War II">Neutral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andorra#20th_and_21st_centuries" title="History of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_neutrality_during_World_War_II" title="Irish neutrality during World War II">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtenstein in World War II">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_II" title="Portugal during World War II">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_during_World_War_II" title="Vatican City during World War II">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">Resistance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_resistance" title="Austrian resistance">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Czech lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies#Underground_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_anti-German_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Estonian anti-German resistance movement 1941–1944">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbegnoch" title="Arbegnoch">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong#Anti-Japanese_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_dissidence_in_the_Empire_of_Japan#Dissidence_during_World_War_II" title="Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_resistance_in_German-occupied_Europe" title="Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Liberation_Army" title="Korean Liberation Army">Korean Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Volunteer_Army" title="Korean Volunteer Army">Korean Volunteer Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931945" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Resistance" title="Luxembourg Resistance">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Anti-Japanese_Army" title="Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Anti-Japanese_United_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army">Northeast China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_resistance_against_Japan" title="Philippine resistance against Japan">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_anti-communist_resistance_movement" title="Romanian anti-communist resistance movement">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Thai_Movement" title="Free Thai Movement">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Western Ukraine</a></li> <li>Vietnam <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Qu%E1%BB%91c_D%C3%A2n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng" title="Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng">Quốc dân Đảng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viet_Minh" title="Viet Minh">Viet Minh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li>German prisoners <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_Azerbaijan" title="German prisoners of war in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="German prisoners of war in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="Japanese prisoners of war in World War II">Japanese prisoners</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Polish_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Polish prisoners of war">German atrocities against Polish POWs</a></li> <li>Soviet prisoners <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_prisoners_of_war_in_Finland" title="Soviet prisoners of war in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Soviet_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war">atrocities by Germans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_prisoners-of-war_in_the_Soviet_Union_after_1939" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939">Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_timelines_of_World_War_II" title="List of timelines of World War II">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Prelude" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_II" title="Causes of World War II">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyssinia_Crisis" title="Abyssinia Crisis">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="Events preceding World War II in Asia">Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol" title="Battles of Khalkhin Gol">Battles of Khalkhin Gol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="Events preceding World War II in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Occupation of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Himmler" title="Operation Himmler">Operation Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1939)" title="Timeline of World War II (1939)">1939</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">First Battle of Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Guangxi" title="Battle of South Guangxi">Battle of South Guangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939%E2%80%931940_Winter_Offensive" title="1939–1940 Winter Offensive">1939–1940 Winter Offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1940)" title="Timeline of World War II (1940)">1940</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norwegian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">German invasion of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zaoyang%E2%80%93Yichang" title="Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang">Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Luxembourg" title="German invasion of Luxembourg">German invasion of Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">German invasion of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1940)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1940)">German invasion of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Battle of the Mediterranean">Battle of the Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Regiments_Offensive" title="Hundred Regiments Offensive">Hundred Regiments Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Eastern Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Japanese invasion of French Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Italian invasion of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Compass" title="Operation Compass">Compass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1941)" title="Timeline of World War II (1941)">1941</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Henan" title="Battle of South Henan">Battle of South Henan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanggao" title="Battle of Shanggao">Battle of Shanggao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Greece" title="German invasion of Greece">German invasion of Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Shanxi" title="Battle of South Shanxi">Battle of South Shanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Invasion of the Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Summer_War" title="Summer War">Summer War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Silver_Fox" title="Operation Silver Fox">Silver Fox</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1941)" title="Battle of Kiev (1941)">Battle of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941)">Second Battle of Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Siege of Leningrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">Battle of Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)">Siege of Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand" title="Japanese invasion of Thailand">Japanese invasion of Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Fall of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">Fall of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">Battle of Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wake_Island" title="Battle of Wake Island">Battle of Wake Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malayan campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)">Battle of Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Burma" title="Japanese invasion of Burma">Japanese invasion of Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941–1942)">Third Battle of Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Greece)" title="Great Famine (Greece)">Greek famine of 1941–1944</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1942)" title="Timeline of World War II (1942)">1942</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Fall of Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Java_Sea" title="Battle of the Java Sea">Battle of the Java Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">St Nazaire Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">Battle of Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Battle of the Coral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Battle of Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang-Jiangxi_campaign" title="Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign">Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gazala" title="Battle of Gazala">Battle of Gazala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dutch_Harbor" title="Battle of Dutch Harbor">Battle of Dutch Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Kiska" title="Japanese occupation of Kiska">Kiska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Attu" title="Japanese occupation of Attu"> Attu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="First Battle of El Alamein">First Battle of El Alamein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokoda_Track_campaign" title="Kokoda Track campaign">Kokoda Track campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rzhev,_summer_1942" title="Battle of Rzhev, summer 1942">Rzhev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Jubilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_famine_of_1942%E2%80%931943" title="Chinese famine of 1942–1943">Chinese famine of 1942–1943</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1943)" title="Timeline of World War II (1943)">1943</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_May_(1943)" title="Black May (1943)">Black May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hubei" title="Battle of West Hubei">Battle of West Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attu" title="Battle of Attu">Battle of Attu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II#June_1943" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Battle of Kursk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_operation" title="Smolensk operation">Smolensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_campaign" title="Solomon Islands campaign">Solomon Islands campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cottage" title="Operation Cottage">Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dnieper" title="Battle of the Dnieper">Battle of the Dnieper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">Allied invasion of Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northern_Burma_and_Western_Yunnan" title="Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan">Northern Burma and Western Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changde" title="Battle of Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1943)" title="Battle of Kiev (1943)">Second Battle of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign" title="Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign">Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarawa" title="Battle of Tarawa">Tarawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makin" title="Battle of Makin">Makin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Bengal famine of 1943</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1944)" title="Timeline of World War II (1944)">1944</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest" title="Operation Tempest">Tempest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anzio" title="Battle of Anzio">Anzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Korsun%E2%80%93Cherkassy" title="Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy">Korsun–Cherkassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)" title="Battle of Narva (1944)">Narva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ichi-Go" title="Operation Ichi-Go">Ichi-Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Overlord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">Mariana and Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration">Bagration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lvov%E2%80%93Sandomierz_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Lvov–Sandomierz offensive">Western Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">Second Battle of Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg_Line" title="Battle of Tannenberg Line">Tannenberg Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive">Eastern Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Dragoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Line" title="Gothic Line">Gothic Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Market_Garden" title="Operation Market Garden">Market Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_offensive" title="Tallinn offensive">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossbow" title="Operation Crossbow">Crossbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive" title="Combined Bomber Offensive">Pointblank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945">Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Philippines campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines (1944–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Leyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_offensive" title="Budapest offensive">Hungary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Budapest" title="Siege of Budapest">Budapest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)">Burma (1944–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Ardennes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bodenplatte" title="Operation Bodenplatte">Bodenplatte</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Dutch famine of 1944–1945">Dutch famine of 1944–1945</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1945%E2%80%931991)" title="Timeline of World War II (1945–1991)">1945</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive" title="Vistula–Oder offensive">Vistula–Oder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1945)" title="Battle of Manila (1945)">Battle of Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_offensive" title="Vienna offensive">Vienna offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Hula" title="Project Hula">Project Hula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Western invasion of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava%E2%80%93Brno_offensive" title="Bratislava–Brno offensive">Bratislava–Brno offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Guangxi_campaign" title="Second Guangxi campaign">Second Guangxi campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hunan" title="Battle of West Hunan">West Hunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_1945_offensive_in_Italy" title="Spring 1945 offensive in Italy">Italy (Spring 1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Battle of Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_offensive" title="Prague offensive">Prague offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">Surrender of Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">document</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Taipei" title="Raid on Taipei">Taipei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_naval_bombardments_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Allied naval bombardments of Japan during World War II">Naval bombardment of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet invasion of Manchuria">Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debate_over_the_atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Debate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_South_Sakhalin" title="Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands" title="Invasion of the Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shumshu" title="Battle of Shumshu">Shumshu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="End of World War II in Asia">End of World War II in Asia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_World_War_II" title="Bibliography of World War II">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II" title="Category:World War II">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ogasawara,_Tokyo(Under_Ogasawara_Subprefecture)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ogasawara,_Tokyo" title="Template:Ogasawara, Tokyo"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ogasawara,_Tokyo" title="Template talk:Ogasawara, Tokyo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ogasawara,_Tokyo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ogasawara, Tokyo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ogasawara,_Tokyo(Under_Ogasawara_Subprefecture)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ogasawara,_Tokyo" title="Ogasawara, Tokyo">Ogasawara, Tokyo</a> (Under <a href="/wiki/Ogasawara_Subprefecture" title="Ogasawara Subprefecture">Ogasawara Subprefecture</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Within the <a href="/wiki/Nanp%C5%8D_Islands" title="Nanpō Islands">Nanpō Islands</a>; only Chichijima and Hahajima are inhabited currently.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ogasawara_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogasawara Islands">Ogasawara Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chichijima" title="Chichijima">Chichijima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hahajima" title="Hahajima">Hahajima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Volcano_Islands" title="Volcano Islands">Volcano Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Iwo_Jima" title="North Iwo Jima">North Iwo Jima</a> (Kita-Iōtō)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwo_Jima" title="Iwo Jima">Iwo Jima</a> (Iōtō)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Iwo_Jima" title="South Iwo Jima">South Iwo Jima</a> (Minami-Iōtō)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishinoshima_(Ogasawara)" title="Nishinoshima (Ogasawara)">Nishinoshima</a> (West)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minami-Tori-shima" class="mw-redirect" title="Minami-Tori-shima">Minami-Tori-shima</a> (West)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinotorishima" title="Okinotorishima">Okinotorishima</a> (South)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Board_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyo Metropolitan Board of Education">Tokyo Metro BOE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ogasawara_High_School" title="Ogasawara High School">Ogasawara High School</a> (Chichijima)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chichijima_Airfield" title="Chichijima Airfield">Chichijima Airfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Field_(Iwo_Jima)" title="Central Field (Iwo Jima)">Central Field</a> (Iwo Jima)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Suribachi" title="Mount Suribachi">Mount Suribachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C5%8Djima,_Tokyo" title="Iōjima, Tokyo">Village of Iōjima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>This list is incomplete.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117693#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/520748">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&oldid=1255278973">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&oldid=1255278973</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1945_photographs" title="Category:1945 photographs">1945 photographs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1945_in_art" title="Category:1945 in art">1945 in art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Category:Battle of Iwo Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Black-and-white_photographs" title="Category:Black-and-white photographs">Black-and-white photographs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flags_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Flags of the United States">Flags of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Category:Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">Pacific Ocean theater of World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Photography_in_Japan" title="Category:Photography in Japan">Photography in Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pulitzer_Prize%E2%80%93winning_photographs" title="Category:Pulitzer Prize–winning photographs">Pulitzer Prize–winning photographs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Special_events_flags" title="Category:Special events flags">Special events flags</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Non-fiction_works_about_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Category:Non-fiction works about the United States Marine Corps">Non-fiction works about the United States Marine Corps</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Marine_Corps_in_World_War_II" title="Category:United States Marine Corps in World War II">United States Marine Corps in World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Marine_Corps_lore_and_symbols" title="Category:United States Marine Corps lore and symbols">United States Marine Corps lore and symbols</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II_photographs" title="Category:World War II photographs">World War II photographs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Associated_Press" title="Category:Associated Press">Associated Press</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flags_in_art" title="Category:Flags in art">Flags in art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Photographs_of_people" title="Category:Photographs of people">Photographs of people</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_July_2012" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from July 2012">Articles lacking reliable references from July 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_May_2012" title="Category:Use mdy dates from May 2012">Use mdy dates from May 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_January_2016" title="Category:Use American English from January 2016">Use American English from January 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text">Articles containing Japanese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2022" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2022">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_January_2022" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from January 2022">Articles lacking reliable references from January 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Source_attribution" title="Category:Source attribution">Source attribution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 November 2024, at 02:12 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-szq4t","wgBackendResponseTime":188,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.344","walltime":"1.672","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8710,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":360459,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":14046,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":280395,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1358.682 1 -total"," 30.57% 415.388 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.32% 194.630 30 Template:Cite_web"," 9.89% 134.352 34 Template:Sfn"," 9.53% 129.546 1 Template:Nihongo"," 9.21% 125.199 7 Template:Military_navigation"," 7.05% 95.765 1 Template:US_Marine_Corps_navbox"," 6.61% 89.756 15 Template:Cite_book"," 6.14% 83.397 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.34% 72.508 1 Template:Cn_span"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.805","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":19553355,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAderet2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlexander1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBradley2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBradley2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBradley2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuell2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurrell2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChawkins2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChlosta2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClancy1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid_Knopf2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunn2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFiery2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFischerFischer2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFG._Greeley_Wells1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHansen,_Matthew2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHansen,_Matthew2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHemmingsen2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKime2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLamothe2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLance_Hernandez2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandsberg\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeckie1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLucas2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcFeteridge2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcfetridge,_Scott2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatterson1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertsonNeimeyerNash2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenthalHeinz1955\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRubinNewton2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmidt,_Michael_S.2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmidt2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Washington_Post2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTimes2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurner2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUpshaw1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUpson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWarren2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeinberg1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWillick1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWillie2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWurzerSiple2005\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Better source needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 15,\n [\"Cite interview\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 18,\n [\"Cite speech\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 30,\n [\"Cn span\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 2,\n [\"Italic title\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Nihongo\"] = 1,\n [\"Ogasawara, Tokyo\"] = 1,\n [\"PD-notice\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 34,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"US Marine Corps navbox\"] = 1,\n [\"USS\"] = 4,\n [\"Unreliable source?\"] = 2,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"World War II\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-2gtdk","timestamp":"20241123052956","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q117693","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q117693","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-02-01T15:16:27Z","dateModified":"2024-11-04T02:12:27Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b0\/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima%2C_larger_-_edit1.jpg","headline":"photograph taken during the Battle of Iwo Jima of World War II"}</script> </body> </html>