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id="toc-Rise_of_psychology_in_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise_of_psychology_in_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Rise of psychology in the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rise_of_psychology_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_misconceptions_and_the_effort_to_counteract" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_misconceptions_and_the_effort_to_counteract"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Popular misconceptions and the effort to counteract</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_misconceptions_and_the_effort_to_counteract-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popularization_of_psychology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popularization_of_psychology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Popularization of psychology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popularization_of_psychology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_status_of_popular_psychology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_status_of_popular_psychology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Current status of popular psychology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_status_of_popular_psychology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limits_and_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limits_and_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Limits and criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limits_and_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psicologia_popular" title="Psicologia popular – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Psicologia popular" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF" title="روان‌شناسی عامه‌پسند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روان‌شناسی عامه‌پسند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychologie_populaire" title="Psychologie populaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Psychologie populaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%A4%91%EC%8B%AC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="대중심리학 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대중심리학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="लोकप्रिय मनोविज्ञान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लोकप्रिय मनोविज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%BE%C3%BD%C3%B0us%C3%A1lfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Alþýðusálfræði – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alþýðusálfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="פסיכולוגיה פופולרית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פסיכולוגיה פופולרית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populaire_psychologie" title="Populaire psychologie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Populaire psychologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%97%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="通俗心理学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="通俗心理学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ommabop_psixologiya" title="Ommabop psixologiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ommabop psixologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Популярная психология – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Популярная психология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Популарна психологија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Популарна психологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populaaripsykologia" title="Populaaripsykologia – 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Pop psychology" redirects here. For the Neon Trees album of the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Pop_Psychology_(album)" title="Pop Psychology (album)">Pop Psychology (album)</a>.</div> <p><b>Popular psychology</b> (sometimes shortened as <b>pop psychology</b> or <b>pop psych</b>) refers to the concepts and theories about human mental life and behavior that are supposedly based on <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a> and are considered credible and accepted by the wider populace. The concept is cognate with the <a href="/wiki/Human_potential_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Human potential movement">human potential movement</a> of the 1950s and 1960s. </p><p>The term <i>pop psychologist</i> can be used to describe authors, consultants, lecturers, and entertainers who are widely perceived as being psychologists, not because of their academic credentials, but because they have projected that image or have been perceived in that way in response to their work. </p><p>The term <i>popular psychology</i> can also be used when referring to the <i>popular psychology industry</i>, a sprawling network of everyday sources of information about human behavior. </p><p>The term is often used in a pejorative fashion to describe psychological concepts that appear <a href="/wiki/Oversimplification" class="mw-redirect" title="Oversimplification">oversimplified</a>, out of date, <a href="/wiki/Proof_(truth)" title="Proof (truth)">unproven</a>, misunderstood or misinterpreted; however, the term may also be used to describe professionally produced psychological knowledge, regarded by most experts as valid and effective, that is intended for use by the general public.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popular_psychology&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Popular psychology commonly takes the form of: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self-help" title="Self-help">self-help</a> books, for example <i>The Road Less Travelled</i>, by <a href="/wiki/M._Scott_Peck" title="M. Scott Peck">M. Scott Peck</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advice_column" title="Advice column">advice</a> dispensed through radio, TV, and print; for example <a href="/wiki/Dear_Abby" title="Dear Abby">Dear Abby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dr._Phil_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Phil (TV series)"><i>Dr. Phil</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Dan_Savage" title="Dan Savage">Dan Savage</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology">myths</a> such as "<a href="/wiki/Ten_percent_of_the_brain_myth" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten percent of the brain myth">People use only about 10 percent of their brain's capacity</a>";<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>terminology that may have a basis in psychology, but which appears more frequently in the vernacular than in professional discourse—for example, <a href="/wiki/Inner_child" title="Inner child">inner child</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lateralization_of_brain_function" title="Lateralization of brain function">left brain/right brain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emotional_intelligence" title="Emotional intelligence">emotional intelligence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freudian_slip" title="Freudian slip">Freudian slip</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Enneagram_of_Personality" title="Enneagram of Personality">enneagram</a>;</li> <li>public perceptions about psychological methodologies that have not been scientifically validated, such as <a href="/wiki/Neuro-linguistic_programming" title="Neuro-linguistic programming">neuro-linguistic programming</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Devilly_2005_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Devilly_2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">urban legends</a> such as "Psychologist <a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">B. F. Skinner</a> raised his own daughter in a '<a href="/wiki/Operant_conditioning_chamber" title="Operant conditioning chamber">Skinner box</a>' "<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Self-help">Self-help</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popular_psychology&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Self-help"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Popular psychology is an essential ingredient of the <a href="/wiki/Self-help" title="Self-help">self-help</a> industry.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Fried and Schultis, criteria for a good self-help book include "claims made by the author as to the book's efficacy, the presentation of problem-solving strategies based on scientific evidence and professional experience, the author's credentials and professional experience, and the inclusion of a bibliography."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three potential dangers of self-help books are:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>people may falsely label themselves as psychologically disturbed;</li> <li>people may misdiagnose themselves and use material that deals with the wrong problem;</li> <li>people may not be able to evaluate a program and may select an ineffective one;</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Psychobabble">Psychobabble</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popular_psychology&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Psychobabble"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Psychobabble" title="Psychobabble">Psychobabble</a></div> <p>The misuse and overuse of technical psychological terms is called <i><a href="/wiki/Psychobabble" title="Psychobabble">psychobabble</a></i>. </p><p>Sometimes psychological <a href="/wiki/Jargon" title="Jargon">jargon</a> is used to dress up sales pitches, self-help programs, and <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a> ideas to lend these endeavors a respectable scientific appearance. Other times, people use psychological terminology to describe everyday, normal experiences in a way that <a href="/wiki/Medicalization" title="Medicalization">pathologize</a> a normal behavior, such as feeling sad after a loss, by suggesting that unpleasant emotions are a type of <a href="/wiki/Psychopathology" title="Psychopathology">psychopathology</a>, like <a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">major depressive disorder</a>. People may use psychobabble because they believe that complex, descriptive or special esoteric terms more clearly or more dramatically communicate their experiences of social and personal situations, or because they believe that it makes them sound more educated. </p><p>Some terms that have an origin in psychological terminology and are typically misused include <a href="/wiki/Co-dependent" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-dependent">co-dependent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dysfunctional" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysfunctional">dysfunctional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interpersonal_relationship" title="Interpersonal relationship">meaningful relationship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narcissistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Narcissistic">narcissistic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antisocial_personality_disorder" title="Antisocial personality disorder">antisocial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Traumatic_bonding" title="Traumatic bonding">traumatic bonding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Synergy" title="Synergy">synergy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gaslighting" title="Gaslighting">gaslighting</a><b>.</b> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popular_psychology&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early movements in the history of American psychology can explain the importance our culture places on the field at large. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rise_of_psychology_in_the_United_States">Rise of psychology in the United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popular_psychology&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rise of psychology in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning late in the 19th century, and largely influenced by German scholar <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wundt" title="Wilhelm Wundt">Wilhelm Wundt</a>, Americans including <a href="/wiki/James_Mckeen_Cattell" class="mw-redirect" title="James Mckeen Cattell">James Mckeen Cattell</a>, <a href="/wiki/G._Stanley_Hall" title="G. Stanley Hall">G. Stanley Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a>, and others helped to formalize psychology as an academic discipline in the United States. Popularity in psychology grew as the public became more aware of the field. In 1890, James published <i><a href="/wiki/The_Principles_of_Psychology" title="The Principles of Psychology">The Principles of Psychology</a></i>, which produced a surge of public interest. In 1892, James wrote <i>Psychology: The Briefer Course</i> as an opportunity for the public to read and understand psychological literature. In a similar attempt in 1895, <a href="/wiki/E._W._Scripture" class="mw-redirect" title="E. W. Scripture">E. W. Scripture</a>, another American psychologist, published a book, called <i>Thinking, Feeling, Doing</i>, that was adapted for the average reader. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popular_misconceptions_and_the_effort_to_counteract">Popular misconceptions and the effort to counteract</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popular_psychology&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Popular misconceptions and the effort to counteract"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite the various publications, the general public had minimal understanding of what psychologists did and what psychology was all about. Many believed psychology was "mind reading and spiritualism"<sup id="cite_ref-Benjamin,_1986_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benjamin,_1986-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 941">: 941 </span></sup> and that it had no real application in everyday life, whereas in reality, psychology was more about studying normal human behaviors and experiences that could very well have strong applications to everyday life. </p><p>Thus, regardless of the mass interest in psychology, an accurate account of psychology for the <a href="/wiki/Layman" class="mw-redirect" title="Layman">layman</a> was rare. Many psychologists became concerned that their profession was failing appropriately to reach the public. </p><p>In 1893, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Jastrow" title="Joseph Jastrow">Joseph Jastrow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hugo_M%C3%BCnsterberg" title="Hugo Münsterberg">Hugo Münsterberg</a> led a public exhibit on psychology in the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">World's Columbian Exposition</a> in Chicago as an effort to celebrate psychology, offer information to the public, and correct popular misconceptions. The exhibit provided catalogs of information on equipment, research topics, and purposes of psychology.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a similar attempt to inform the public, the 1904 <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase_Exposition" title="Louisiana Purchase Exposition">Louisiana Purchase Exposition</a> in St. Louis included (among others) presentations from G. Stanley Hall, <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Titchener" title="Edward B. Titchener">Edward B. Titchener</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins" title="Mary Whiton Calkins">Mary Whiton Calkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_B._Watson" title="John B. Watson">John B. Watson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Meyer" title="Adolph Meyer">Adolph Meyer</a>. The exhibits also included public testing and experimentation. </p><p>Although admirable, the attempt to seek public approval failed to make a significant impact and psychologists became more concerned about their public image. In 1900, Jastrow wrote a book entitled <i>Fact and Fable in Psychology</i> that aimed to resolve popular psychological misconceptions by clearly discerning fact from fable. In preface to his book, Jastrow states, "It is a matter of serious concern that the methods of genuine psychology, that the conditions of advance in psychology, that the scope and nature of its problems should be properly understood." (vii)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popularization_of_psychology">Popularization of psychology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popular_psychology&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Popularization of psychology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was not until the more powerful movement of <a href="/wiki/Applied_psychology" title="Applied psychology">applied psychology</a> that popularity in psychology grew to affect people's everyday lives. The work of G. Stanley Hall in <a href="/wiki/Educational_psychology" title="Educational psychology">educational psychology</a> led changes in the approaches of teaching and the Child-Study movement, supported in experimental psychology, and guided <a href="/wiki/Educational_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Educational reform">educational reform</a>. </p><p>Several <a href="/wiki/Critics" class="mw-redirect" title="Critics">critics</a> warned that applying experimental psychology to education may be problematic. In 1898, Münsterberg wrote a controversial article entitled "The Danger from Experimental Psychology" in which he claims the impossible transfer of experimental results into successful teaching practices.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the disagreements, <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">popular culture</a> grasped onto the implications in the field of applied psychology with the hope that the research could improve their lives. Early applications included <a href="/wiki/Clinical_psychology" title="Clinical psychology">clinical psychology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Business" title="Business">business</a>, <a href="/wiki/Industrial_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial psychology">industrial psychology</a>, and the psychology of <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a>. Furthermore, the onset of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> led to advances in psychology brought about by its application in <a href="/wiki/Military_psychology" title="Military psychology">military psychology</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Media_(communication)" title="Media (communication)">media</a> provided the public more accessible psychological information through the publication of countless books and popular magazines including <i>Harpers</i>, <i>Forum</i>, <i>Atlantic Monthly</i>, and <i>Colliers</i>. After WWI, demand grew for a more frequent source of popular psychology and newspapers became a primary source of public information. In fact, newspaper columns were so well-received that professional psychologist Jastrow had a column entitled <i>Keeping Mentally Fit</i> that appeared in more than 150 newspapers in the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-Benjamin,_1986_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benjamin,_1986-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 943">: 943 </span></sup> </p><p>Soon, public demand for psychological services and information grew so fierce that the availability of legitimate research and real psychologists became insufficient. Consequently, nonprofessionals began to offer their services under the guise of psychologists. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a> (APA) responded with an effort to establish official certifications for trained psychologists. However, popular interest overlooked the qualifications and eagerly sought to apply popular psychological science regardless of its validity.<sup id="cite_ref-Benjamin,_1986_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benjamin,_1986-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 943">: 943 </span></sup> </p><p>Short-lived, the excitement over useful psychology was curbed by articles warning of the exaggerated and false claims made by popular psychology. <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Leacock" title="Stephen Leacock">Stephen Leacock</a> described the changing popularity in psychology in 1924, stating, </p> <blockquote> <p>As part of the new researches, it was found that psychology can be used... for almost everything in life. There is now not only psychology in the academic or college sense, but also a Psychology of Business, Psychology of Education, a Psychology of Salesmanship, a Psychology of Religion... and a Psychology of Playing the Banjo. In short, everybody has his.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Others authored similar cautions to the public and, among the most recursive, was that of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Adams_(psychologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grace Adams (psychologist) (page does not exist)">Grace Adams (psychologist)</a> who, in her 1928 article, wrote </p> <blockquote> <p>a vociferous attack on applied psychology [and] argued that psychology had forsaken its scientific roots so that individual psychologists might achieve popularity and prosperity.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Depression</a> hit in 1929, popular literature began to decline while scientific publications in periodicals increased. This discrepancy between the public sector and <a href="/wiki/Academia" class="mw-redirect" title="Academia">academia</a> supported the popular belief that professional psychologists were not interested in solving America's problems. The lack of professional participation provided <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscientific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoscientific">pseudoscientific</a> and unprofessional psychological literature to become very popular. In the 1930s, self-help books and the publication of three magazines (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Psychologist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modern Psychologist (page does not exist)">Modern Psychologist</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Practical_Psychology_Monthly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Practical Psychology Monthly (page does not exist)">Practical Psychology Monthly</a></i>, and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychology_Digest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psychology Digest (page does not exist)">Psychology Digest</a></i>) became part of a popular psychology movement.<sup id="cite_ref-Benjamin,_1986_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benjamin,_1986-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 944">: 944 </span></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> gave professional psychology another chance to prove its value as a science with an increase in professional opportunities. In the article "Don't They Understand Us? A history of Psychology's Public Image", <a href="/wiki/Ludy_T._Benjamin" title="Ludy T. Benjamin">Benjamin</a> describes the direction of psychology at the time: </p> <blockquote> <p>The praise psychologists received from government, industry, and the military provided a tremendous boost for the public image of psychology... Yet many contemporary psychologists are concerned that the current image is far from acceptable and that the science and profession of psychology continues to suffer because of that image.<sup id="cite_ref-Benjamin,_1986_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benjamin,_1986-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 945">: 945 </span></sup> </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_status_of_popular_psychology">Current status of popular psychology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popular_psychology&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Current status of popular psychology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his Presidential Address to the APA in 1969, <a href="/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller">George Armitage Miller</a> was hopeful for psychology's future stating, "that the real impact of psychology will be felt, ... through its effects on the public at large, through a new and different public conception of what is humanly possible and what is humanly desirable."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Current events influence the popularity of areas in psychology. During 2020 and 2021 many of the most popular psychology articles were about COVID-19 and even Zoom fatigue.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The APA's most downloaded journal articles frequently include research about social media.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Social media frequently spreads misinformation about health,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and this could extend to mental health misinformation. <a href="/wiki/Psychobabble" title="Psychobabble">Psychobabble</a> can be used on social media to spread this misinformation. However, social media can be a place where pop psychology is used to spread mental health awareness.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Limits_and_criticism">Limits and criticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popular_psychology&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Limits and criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A June 2023 article by <a href="/wiki/Vox_Media" title="Vox Media">Vox Media</a> explored the limits of pop psychology terms ("therapy speak") saying "people become attached to terms that encapsulate certain events and people, to varying degrees, in order to bolster an argument or justify an experience. Having common language to describe a difficult situation can help people more effectively communicate their concerns and garner support, but these terms can just as easily be weaponized."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popular_psychology&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:Popular_psychology" title="Category:Popular psychology">Popular psychology</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_psychology" title="Folk psychology">Folk psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just-so_story" title="Just-so story">Just-so story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_common_misconceptions#Psychology_and_neuroscience" title="List of common misconceptions">List of common misconceptions § Psychology and neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_science" title="Popular science">Popular science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-help" title="Self-help">Self-help</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popular_psychology&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>APA Dictionary of Psychology</i>, 1st ed., Gary R. VandenBos, ed., Washington: American Psychological Association, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Standing, Lionel G., and Huber, Herman. (2003) "Do Psychology Courses Reduce Belief in Psychological Myths?" <i>Social Behaviour and Personality</i>, 31(6), 585-592</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Devilly_2005-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Devilly_2005_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grant J. Devilly (2005) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1614.2005.01601.x">Power Therapies and possible threats to the science of psychology and psychiatry</a> Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry Vol.39 p.437</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snopes.com/science/skinner.asp">"One Man and a Baby Box"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snopes" title="Snopes">snopes.com</a>, retrieved 2006-03-13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cushman, P. (1990) "Why the self is empty: Toward a historically situated psychology. <i>American Psychologist</i>, 45, 599-611. Cited in Fried, Stephen. (1998) "An Undergraduate Course in American Popular Psychology." <i>Teaching of Psychology</i> Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 38-39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fried, S.B., and Shultis, G.A. (1995) "The best self-help and self-awareness books: A topic-by-topic guide to quality information." Chicago: American Library Association Editions. Cited in Fried, Stephen. (1998) "An Undergraduate Course in American Popular Psychology." <i>Teaching of Psychology</i> Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 38-39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Craighead, L., McNamara, K., and Horan, J. (1984) "Perspectives on self-help and bibliotherapy: You are what you read." In S. Brown and R. Lent (eds.), <i>Handbook of counselling psychology.</i> New York: Wiley. pp. 878 – 929. Cited in Fried, Stephen. 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Benjamin">Benjamin, Ludy T.</a> (1986). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0003-066X.41.9.941">"Why don't they understand us? A history of psychology's public image"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Psychologist" title="American Psychologist">American Psychologist</a></i>. <b>41</b> (9). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0003-066X.41.9.941">10.1037/0003-066X.41.9.941</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1935-990X">1935-990X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Psychologist&rft.atitle=Why+don%27t+they+understand+us%3F+A+history+of+psychology%27s+public+image.&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=9&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F0003-066X.41.9.941&rft.issn=1935-990X&rft.aulast=Benjamin&rft.aufirst=Ludy+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.apa.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1037%2F0003-066X.41.9.941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APopular+psychology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerloffPerloff1977" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Perloff" title="Robert Perloff">Perloff, Robert</a>; Perloff, Linda S. 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Coomes, Eric A.; Haghbayan, Hourmazd; Gunaratne, Keith (2020-11-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1780846">"Social media and vaccine hesitancy: new updates for the era of COVID-19 and globalized infectious diseases"</a>. <i>Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics</i>. <b>16</b> (11): <span class="nowrap">2586–</span>2593. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F21645515.2020.1780846">10.1080/21645515.2020.1780846</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2164-5515">2164-5515</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7733887">7733887</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32693678">32693678</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Vaccines+%26+Immunotherapeutics&rft.atitle=Social+media+and+vaccine+hesitancy%3A+new+updates+for+the+era+of+COVID-19+and+globalized+infectious+diseases&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2586-%3C%2Fspan%3E2593&rft.date=2020-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7733887%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2164-5515&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32693678&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F21645515.2020.1780846&rft.aulast=Puri&rft.aufirst=Neha&rft.au=Coomes%2C+Eric+A.&rft.au=Haghbayan%2C+Hourmazd&rft.au=Gunaratne%2C+Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F21645515.2020.1780846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APopular+psychology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLathaMeenaPravithaDasgupta2020" class="citation journal cs1">Latha, K.; Meena, K. S.; Pravitha, M. R.; Dasgupta, Madhuporna; Chaturvedi, S. K. (2020-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7325786">"Effective use of social media platforms for promotion of mental health awareness"</a>. <i>Journal of Education and Health Promotion</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fjehp.jehp_90_20">10.4103/jehp.jehp_90_20</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2277-9531">2277-9531</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7325786">7325786</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32642480">32642480</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Education+and+Health+Promotion&rft.atitle=Effective+use+of+social+media+platforms+for+promotion+of+mental+health+awareness&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=124&rft.date=2020-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7325786%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2277-9531&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32642480&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4103%2Fjehp.jehp_90_20&rft.aulast=Latha&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Meena%2C+K.+S.&rft.au=Pravitha%2C+M.+R.&rft.au=Dasgupta%2C+Madhuporna&rft.au=Chaturvedi%2C+S.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7325786&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APopular+psychology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolpe2023" class="citation web cs1">Volpe, Allie (2023-06-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/even-better/23769973/limits-therapy-speak-narcissist-gaslighting-trauma-toxic">"Why we use therapy-speak — and when to stop"</a>. <i>Vox</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Why+we+use+therapy-speak+%E2%80%94+and+when+to+stop&rft.date=2023-06-25&rft.aulast=Volpe&rft.aufirst=Allie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Feven-better%2F23769973%2Flimits-therapy-speak-narcissist-gaslighting-trauma-toxic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APopular+psychology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popular_psychology&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCordón2005" class="citation book cs1">Cordón, Luis A. (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781566636285"><i>Popular Psychology: An Encyclopedia</i></a></span>. Greenwood. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1566636285" title="Special:BookSources/978-1566636285"><bdi>978-1566636285</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popular+Psychology%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1566636285&rft.aulast=Cord%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Luis+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781566636285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APopular+psychology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarzombek2000" class="citation book cs1">Jarzombek, Mark (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridge.org/se/academic/subjects/arts-theatre-culture/western-art/psychologizing-modernity-art-architecture-and-history"><i>The Psychologizing of Modernity</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521147637" title="Special:BookSources/9780521147637"><bdi>9780521147637</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Psychologizing+of+Modernity&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780521147637&rft.aulast=Jarzombek&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fse%2Facademic%2Fsubjects%2Farts-theatre-culture%2Fwestern-art%2Fpsychologizing-modernity-art-architecture-and-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APopular+psychology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Jastrow, J. 1900. <i>Fact and Fable in Psychology</i>. Houghton, Mifflin and Company. The Riverside Press, Cambridge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/factandfableinp00jastgoog">[1]</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJustman2005" class="citation book cs1">Justman, Stewart (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781566636285"><i>Fool's Paradise: The Unreal World of Pop Psychology</i></a></span>. Ivan R. Dee. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1566636285" title="Special:BookSources/978-1566636285"><bdi>978-1566636285</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fool%27s+Paradise%3A+The+Unreal+World+of+Pop+Psychology.&rft.pub=Ivan+R.+Dee&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1566636285&rft.aulast=Justman&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781566636285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APopular+psychology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Scripture, E. W. <i>Thinking, Feeling, Doing</i>. The Chautauqua Century Press, 1895. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/thinkfeelingdoin00scririch">[2]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popular_psychology&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psychologymatters.apa.org/">American Psychological Association website devoted to applied psychology</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Psychology" title="Template:Psychology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Psychology" title="Template talk:Psychology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Psychology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Psychology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Psychology793" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">Psychology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#DFEBFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_psychology" title="History of psychology">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_psychology" title="Philosophy of psychology">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Psychology" title="Portal:Psychology">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychologist" title="Psychologist">Psychologist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;"><a href="/wiki/Basic_science_(psychology)" title="Basic science (psychology)">Basic <br />psychology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abnormal_psychology" title="Abnormal psychology">Abnormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affective_neuroscience" title="Affective neuroscience">Affective neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affective_science" title="Affective science">Affective science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioural_genetics" title="Behavioural genetics">Behavioral genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_neuroscience" title="Behavioral neuroscience">Behavioral neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behaviorism" title="Behaviorism">Behaviorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_psychology" title="Cognitive psychology">Cognitive</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cognitivism_(psychology)" title="Cognitivism (psychology)">Cognitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_neuroscience" title="Cognitive neuroscience">Cognitive neuroscience</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_cognitive_neuroscience" title="Social cognitive neuroscience">Social</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_psychology" title="Comparative psychology">Comparative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-cultural_psychology" title="Cross-cultural psychology">Cross-cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_psychology" title="Cultural psychology">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Developmental_psychology" title="Developmental psychology">Developmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differential_psychology" title="Differential psychology">Differential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_psychology" title="Ecological psychology">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology" title="Evolutionary psychology">Evolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_psychology" title="Experimental psychology">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestalt_psychology" title="Gestalt psychology">Gestalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_psychology" title="Mathematical psychology">Mathematical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_psychology" title="Moral psychology">Moral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuropsychology" title="Neuropsychology">Neuropsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">Perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personality_psychology" title="Personality psychology">Personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psycholinguistics" title="Psycholinguistics">Psycholinguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychophysiology" title="Psychophysiology">Psychophysiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantitative_psychology" title="Quantitative psychology">Quantitative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_psychology" title="Social psychology">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoretical_psychology" title="Theoretical psychology">Theoretical</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Psi-stylized.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="stylized letter psi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Psi-stylized.svg/50px-Psi-stylized.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Psi-stylized.svg/75px-Psi-stylized.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Psi-stylized.svg/100px-Psi-stylized.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="123" data-file-height="124" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;"><a href="/wiki/Applied_psychology" title="Applied psychology">Applied <br />psychology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anomalistic_psychology" title="Anomalistic psychology">Anomalistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_behavior_analysis" title="Applied behavior analysis">Applied behavior analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_testing" title="Psychological testing">Assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_psychology" title="Clinical psychology">Clinical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coaching_psychology" title="Coaching psychology">Coaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_psychology" title="Community psychology">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_behaviour" title="Consumer behaviour">Consumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counseling_psychology" title="Counseling psychology">Counseling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_psychology" title="Critical psychology">Critical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_psychology" title="Educational psychology">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergonomics" title="Ergonomics">Ergonomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_psychology" title="Feminist psychology">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_psychology" title="Forensic psychology">Forensic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_psychology" title="Health psychology">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_psychology" title="Humanistic psychology">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_organizational_psychology" title="Industrial and organizational psychology">Industrial and organizational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_psychology" title="Legal psychology">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_psychology" title="Media psychology">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_psychology" title="Medical psychology">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_psychology" title="Military psychology">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Music psychology">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_health_psychology" title="Occupational health psychology">Occupational health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastoral psychology">Pastoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_psychology" title="Political psychology">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_psychology" title="Positive psychology">Positive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychometrics" title="Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychotherapy" title="Psychotherapy">Psychotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion" title="Psychology of religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_psychology" title="School psychology">School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_psychology" title="Sport psychology">Sport and exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicidology" title="Suicidology">Suicidology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_psychology" title="Systems psychology">Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_psychology" title="Traffic psychology">Traffic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychological_research_methods" title="List of psychological research methods">Methodologies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing" title="Animal testing">Animal testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archival_research" title="Archival research">Archival research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_epigenetics" title="Behavioral epigenetics">Behavior epigenetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_study" title="Case study">Case study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Content_analysis" title="Content analysis">Content analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_psychology" title="Experimental psychology">Experiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_subject_research" title="Human subject research">Human subject research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interview_(research)" title="Interview (research)">Interviews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroimaging" title="Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observation" title="Observation">Observation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychophysics" title="Psychophysics">Psychophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualitative_psychological_research" title="Qualitative psychological research">Qualitative research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantitative_psychological_research" title="Quantitative psychological research">Quantitative research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-report_inventory" title="Self-report inventory">Self-report inventory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survey_methodology" title="Survey methodology">Statistical surveys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behavior" title="Behavior">Behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_behavior_analysis" title="Applied behavior analysis">Behavioral engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioural_genetics" title="Behavioural genetics">Behavioral genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_neuroscience" title="Behavioral neuroscience">Behavioral neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognition" title="Cognition">Cognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competence_(polyseme)" title="Competence (polyseme)">Competence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">Consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_behaviour" title="Consumer behaviour">Consumer behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion">Emotions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeling" title="Feeling">Feelings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergonomics" title="Ergonomics">Human factors and ergonomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind" title="Mind">Mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion" title="Psychology of religion">Psychology of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychometrics" title="Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terror_management_theory" title="Terror management theory">Terror management theory</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychologists" title="List of psychologists">Psychologists</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wundt" title="Wilhelm Wundt">Wilhelm Wundt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Ivan Pavlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Thorndike" title="Edward Thorndike">Edward Thorndike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Watson" title="John B. Watson">John B. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_L._Hull" title="Clark L. Hull">Clark L. Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Lewin" title="Kurt Lewin">Kurt Lewin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Piaget" title="Jean Piaget">Jean Piaget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Allport" title="Gordon Allport">Gordon Allport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._P._Guilford" title="J. P. Guilford">J. P. Guilford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Rogers" title="Carl Rogers">Carl Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Erikson" title="Erik Erikson">Erik Erikson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">B. F. Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_O._Hebb" title="Donald O. Hebb">Donald O. Hebb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hilgard" title="Ernest Hilgard">Ernest Hilgard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Harlow" title="Harry Harlow">Harry Harlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Cattell" title="Raymond Cattell">Raymond Cattell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Maslow" title="Abraham Maslow">Abraham Maslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_E._Miller" title="Neal E. Miller">Neal E. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Bruner" title="Jerome Bruner">Jerome Bruner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_T._Campbell" title="Donald T. Campbell">Donald T. Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Eysenck" title="Hans Eysenck">Hans Eysenck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McClelland" title="David McClelland">David McClelland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Festinger" title="Leon Festinger">Leon Festinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller">George A. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lazarus" title="Richard Lazarus">Richard Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Schachter" title="Stanley Schachter">Stanley Schachter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zajonc" title="Robert Zajonc">Robert Zajonc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bandura" title="Albert Bandura">Albert Bandura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Brown_(psychologist)" title="Roger Brown (psychologist)">Roger Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endel_Tulving" title="Endel Tulving">Endel Tulving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kohlberg" title="Lawrence Kohlberg">Lawrence Kohlberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulric_Neisser" title="Ulric Neisser">Ulric Neisser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kagan" title="Jerome Kagan">Jerome Kagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mischel" title="Walter Mischel">Walter Mischel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Aronson" title="Elliot Aronson">Elliot Aronson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman">Daniel Kahneman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ekman" title="Paul Ekman">Paul Ekman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Posner_(psychologist)" title="Michael Posner (psychologist)">Michael Posner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Tversky" title="Amos Tversky">Amos Tversky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_McEwen" title="Bruce McEwen">Bruce McEwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Squire" title="Larry Squire">Larry Squire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Nisbett" title="Richard E. Nisbett">Richard E. Nisbett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman">Martin Seligman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Diener" title="Ed Diener">Ed Diener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelley_E._Taylor" title="Shelley E. Taylor">Shelley E. Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Anderson_(psychologist)" title="John Robert Anderson (psychologist)">John Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_C._Kessler" title="Ronald C. Kessler">Ronald C. Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._LeDoux" title="Joseph E. LeDoux">Joseph E. LeDoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Davidson" title="Richard Davidson">Richard Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Fiske" title="Susan Fiske">Susan Fiske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Baumeister" title="Roy Baumeister">Roy Baumeister</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Psychology_lists" title="Category:Psychology lists">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_counseling" title="Outline of counseling">Counseling topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_branches_of_psychology" title="List of branches of psychology">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychology_organizations" title="List of psychology organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_psychology" title="Outline of psychology">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychologists" title="List of psychologists">Psychologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychotherapies" title="List of psychotherapies">Psychotherapies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychological_research_methods" title="List of psychological research methods">Research methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychological_schools" title="List of psychological schools">Schools of thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_psychology" title="Timeline of psychology">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_psychology_articles" title="Index of psychology articles">Topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#DFEBFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/psychology" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:psychology">Wiktionary definition</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:en:Psychology" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Category:en:Psychology">Wiktionary category</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:Psychology" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Category:Psychology">Wikisource</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Psychology" class="extiw" title="commons:category:Psychology">Wikimedia Commons</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Psychology" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Psychology">Wikiquote</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Psychology" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Psychology">Wikinews</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Psychology" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Psychology">Wikibooks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Popular_psychology&oldid=1272720330">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Popular_psychology&oldid=1272720330</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Popular_psychology" title="Category:Popular psychology">Popular psychology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_excerpts" title="Category:Articles with excerpts">Articles with excerpts</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 January 2025, at 23:59<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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