Data from Information Repositories, Technique T1213 - Enterprise

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class="breadcrumb-item">Data from Information Repositories</li> </ol> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v--tab"></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xl-12"> <div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid"> <div class="container-fluid"> <h1 id=""> Data from Information Repositories </h1> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8">  <div class="card-block pb-2"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-header collapsed" id="subtechniques-card-header" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#subtechniques-card-body" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="subtechniques-card-body"> <h5 class="mb-0" id ="sub-techniques">Sub-techniques (3)</h5> </div> <div id="subtechniques-card-body" class="card-body p-0 collapse" aria-labelledby="subtechniques-card-header"> <table class="table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Name</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1213/001/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1213.001"> T1213.001 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1213/001/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1213.001"> Confluence </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1213/002/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1213.002"> T1213.002 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1213/002/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1213.002"> Sharepoint </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1213/003/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1213.003"> T1213.003 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1213/003/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1213.003"> Code Repositories </a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="description-body"> <p>Adversaries may leverage information repositories to mine valuable information. Information repositories are tools that allow for storage of information, typically to facilitate collaboration or information sharing between users, and can store a wide variety of data that may aid adversaries in further objectives, or direct access to the target information. Adversaries may also abuse external sharing features to share sensitive documents with recipients outside of the organization. </p><p>The following is a brief list of example information that may hold potential value to an adversary and may also be found on an information repository:</p><ul><li>Policies, procedures, and standards</li><li>Physical / logical network diagrams</li><li>System architecture diagrams</li><li>Technical system documentation</li><li>Testing / development credentials</li><li>Work / project schedules</li><li>Source code snippets</li><li>Links to network shares and other internal resources</li></ul><p>Information stored in a repository may vary based on the specific instance or environment. Specific common information repositories include web-based platforms such as <a href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1213/002">Sharepoint</a> and <a href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1213/001">Confluence</a>, specific services such as Code Repositories, IaaS databases, enterprise databases, and other storage infrastructure such as SQL Server.</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="row card-data" id="card-id"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">ID: </span>T1213 </div> </div>  <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Sub-techniques: </span> <a href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1213/001">T1213.001</a>, <a href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1213/002">T1213.002</a>, <a href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1213/003">T1213.003</a> </div> </div>  <div id="card-tactics" class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The tactic objectives that the (sub-)technique can be used to accomplish">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Tactic:</span> <a href="/versions/v15/tactics/TA0009">Collection</a> </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The system an adversary is operating within; could be an operating system or application">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Platforms: </span>Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, Office 365, SaaS, Windows, macOS </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Contributors: </span>Isif Ibrahima, Mandiant; Milos Stojadinovic; Naveen Vijayaraghavan, Nilesh Dherange (Gurucul); Praetorian; Regina Elwell </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Version: </span>3.3 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Created: </span>18 April 2018 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Last Modified: </span>01 March 2024 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-center pt-2 version-button permalink"> <div class="live"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Permalink to this version of T1213" href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1213/" data-test-ignore="true">Version Permalink</a> </div> <div class="permalink"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Go to the live version of T1213" href="/techniques/T1213/" data-test-ignore="true">Live Version</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="examples">Procedure Examples</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Name</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/groups/G0007"> G0007 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/groups/G0007"> APT28 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v15/groups/G0007">APT28</a> has collected files from various information repositories.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="NSA, CISA, FBI, NCSC. (2021, July). Russian GRU Conducting Global Brute Force Campaign to Compromise Enterprise and Cloud Environments. Retrieved July 26, 2021."data-reference="Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021"><sup><a href="https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jul/01/2002753896/-1/-1/1/CSA_GRU_GLOBAL_BRUTE_FORCE_CAMPAIGN_UOO158036-21.PDF" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/groups/G0037"> G0037 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/groups/G0037"> FIN6 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v15/groups/G0037">FIN6</a> has collected schemas and user accounts from systems running SQL Server.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Visa Public. (2019, February). FIN6 Cybercrime Group Expands Threat to eCommerce Merchants. Retrieved September 16, 2019."data-reference="Visa FIN6 Feb 2019"><sup><a href="https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/global/support-legal/documents/fin6-cybercrime-group-expands-threat-To-ecommerce-merchants.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/groups/G0117"> G0117 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/groups/G0117"> Fox Kitten </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v15/groups/G0117">Fox Kitten</a> has accessed victim security and IT environments and Microsoft Teams to mine valuable information.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-3') id="scite-ref-3-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."data-reference="CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020"><sup><a href="https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="2" aria-describedby="qtip-2">[3]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/groups/G1004"> G1004 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/groups/G1004"> LAPSUS$ </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v15/groups/G1004">LAPSUS$</a> has searched a victim's network for organization collaboration channels like MS Teams or Slack to discover further high-privilege account credentials.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-4') id="scite-ref-4-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="MSTIC, DART, M365 Defender. (2022, March 24). DEV-0537 Criminal Actor Targeting Organizations for Data Exfiltration and Destruction. Retrieved May 17, 2022."data-reference="MSTIC DEV-0537 Mar 2022"><sup><a href="https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/03/22/dev-0537-criminal-actor-targeting-organizations-for-data-exfiltration-and-destruction/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="3" aria-describedby="qtip-3">[4]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/software/S0598"> S0598 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/software/S0598"> P.A.S. Webshell </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v15/software/S0598">P.A.S. Webshell</a> has the ability to list and extract data from SQL databases.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021."data-reference="ANSSI Sandworm January 2021"><sup><a href="https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2021-CTI-005.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/groups/G0034"> G0034 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/groups/G0034"> Sandworm Team </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v15/groups/G0034">Sandworm Team</a> exfiltrates data of interest from enterprise databases using Adminer.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-6') id="scite-ref-6-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Billy Leonard. (2023, April 19). Ukraine remains Russia鈥檚 biggest cyber focus in 2023. Retrieved March 1, 2024."data-reference="Leonard TAG 2023"><sup><a href="https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/ukraine-remains-russias-biggest-cyber-focus-in-2023/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="5" aria-describedby="qtip-5">[6]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/campaigns/C0024"> C0024 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/campaigns/C0024"> SolarWinds Compromise </a> </td> <td> <p>During the <a href="https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0024">SolarWinds Compromise</a>, <a href="/versions/v15/groups/G0016">APT29</a> accessed victims' internal knowledge repositories (wikis) to view sensitive corporate information on products, services, and internal business operations.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-7') id="scite-ref-7-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="CrowdStrike. (2022, January 27). Early Bird Catches the Wormhole: Observations from the StellarParticle Campaign. Retrieved February 7, 2022."data-reference="CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022"><sup><a href="https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/observations-from-the-stellarparticle-campaign/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="6" aria-describedby="qtip-6">[7]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/groups/G0010"> G0010 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/groups/G0010"> Turla </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v15/groups/G0010">Turla</a> has used a custom .NET tool to collect documents from an organization's internal central database.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-8') id="scite-ref-8-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."data-reference="ESET ComRAT May 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="7" aria-describedby="qtip-7">[8]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="mitigations">Mitigations</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Mitigation</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/mitigations/M1047"> M1047 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/mitigations/M1047"> Audit </a> </td> <td> <p>Consider periodic review of accounts and privileges for critical and sensitive repositories.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/mitigations/M1032"> M1032 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/mitigations/M1032"> Multi-factor Authentication </a> </td> <td> <p>Use two or more pieces of evidence to authenticate to a system; such as username and password in addition to a token from a physical smart card or token generator.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/mitigations/M1018"> M1018 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/mitigations/M1018"> User Account Management </a> </td> <td> <p>Enforce the principle of least-privilege. Consider implementing access control mechanisms that include both authentication and authorization.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/mitigations/M1017"> M1017 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/mitigations/M1017"> User Training </a> </td> <td> <p>Develop and publish policies that define acceptable information to be stored in repositories.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="detection">Detection</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table datasources-table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th class="p-2" scope="col">ID</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Source</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Component</th> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Detects</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0015"> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/datasources/DS0015">DS0015</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/versions/v15/datasources/DS0015">Application Log</a> </td>  <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0015/#Application%20Log%20Content">Application Log Content</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor for third-party application logging, messaging, and/or other artifacts that may leverage information repositories to mine valuable information. Information repositories generally have a considerably large user base, detection of malicious use can be non-trivial. At minimum, access to information repositories performed by privileged users (for example, Active Directory Domain, Enterprise, or Schema Administrators) should be closely monitored and alerted upon, as these types of accounts should generally not be used to access information repositories. If the capability exists, it may be of value to monitor and alert on users that are retrieving and viewing a large number of documents and pages; this behavior may be indicative of programmatic means being used to retrieve all data within the repository. In environments with high-maturity, it may be possible to leverage User-Behavioral Analytics (UBA) platforms to detect and alert on user based anomalies.</p> </td> </tr> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0028"> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/datasources/DS0028">DS0028</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/versions/v15/datasources/DS0028">Logon Session</a> </td>  <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0028/#Logon%20Session%20Creation">Logon Session Creation</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor for newly constructed logon behavior within Microsoft's SharePoint can be configured to report access to certain pages and documents. <span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-9') id="scite-ref-9-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Microsoft. (2017, July 19). Configure audit settings for a site collection. Retrieved April 4, 2018."data-reference="Microsoft SharePoint Logging"><sup><a href="https://support.office.com/en-us/article/configure-audit-settings-for-a-site-collection-a9920c97-38c0-44f2-8bcb-4cf1e2ae22d2" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="8" aria-describedby="qtip-8">[9]</a></sup></span> Sharepoint audit logging can also be configured to report when a user shares a resource. <span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-10') id="scite-ref-10-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Microsoft. (n.d.). Sharepoint Sharing Events. Retrieved October 8, 2021."data-reference="Sharepoint Sharing Events"><sup><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/compliance/use-sharing-auditing?view=o365-worldwide#sharepoint-sharing-events" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="9" aria-describedby="qtip-9">[10]</a></sup></span>The user access logging within Atlassian's Confluence can also be configured to report access to certain pages and documents through AccessLogFilter. <span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-11') id="scite-ref-11-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Atlassian. (2018, January 9). How to Enable User Access Logging. Retrieved April 4, 2018."data-reference="Atlassian Confluence Logging"><sup><a href="https://confluence.atlassian.com/confkb/how-to-enable-user-access-logging-182943.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="10" aria-describedby="qtip-10">[11]</a></sup></span> Additional log storage and analysis infrastructure will likely be required for more robust detection capabilities.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="references">References</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <ol> <li> <span id="scite-1" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-1" href="https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jul/01/2002753896/-1/-1/1/CSA_GRU_GLOBAL_BRUTE_FORCE_CAMPAIGN_UOO158036-21.PDF" target="_blank"> NSA, CISA, FBI, NCSC. (2021, July). Russian GRU Conducting Global Brute Force Campaign to Compromise Enterprise and Cloud Environments. Retrieved July 26, 2021. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-2" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-2" href="https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/global/support-legal/documents/fin6-cybercrime-group-expands-threat-To-ecommerce-merchants.pdf" target="_blank"> Visa Public. (2019, February). FIN6 Cybercrime Group Expands Threat to eCommerce Merchants. Retrieved September 16, 2019. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-3" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-3" href="https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a" target="_blank"> CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-4" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-4" href="https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/03/22/dev-0537-criminal-actor-targeting-organizations-for-data-exfiltration-and-destruction/" target="_blank"> MSTIC, DART, M365 Defender. (2022, March 24). DEV-0537 Criminal Actor Targeting Organizations for Data Exfiltration and Destruction. Retrieved May 17, 2022. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-5" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-5" href="https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2021-CTI-005.pdf" target="_blank"> ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-6" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-6" href="https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/ukraine-remains-russias-biggest-cyber-focus-in-2023/" target="_blank"> Billy Leonard. (2023, April 19). Ukraine remains Russia鈥檚 biggest cyber focus in 2023. Retrieved March 1, 2024. </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="col"> <ol start="7.0"> <li> <span id="scite-7" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-7" href="https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/observations-from-the-stellarparticle-campaign/" target="_blank"> CrowdStrike. (2022, January 27). Early Bird Catches the Wormhole: Observations from the StellarParticle Campaign. Retrieved February 7, 2022. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-8" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-8" href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf" target="_blank"> Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-9" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-9" href="https://support.office.com/en-us/article/configure-audit-settings-for-a-site-collection-a9920c97-38c0-44f2-8bcb-4cf1e2ae22d2" target="_blank"> Microsoft. (2017, July 19). Configure audit settings for a site collection. Retrieved April 4, 2018. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-10" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-10" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/compliance/use-sharing-auditing?view=o365-worldwide#sharepoint-sharing-events" target="_blank"> Microsoft. (n.d.). Sharepoint Sharing Events. Retrieved October 8, 2021. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-11" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-11" href="https://confluence.atlassian.com/confkb/how-to-enable-user-access-logging-182943.html" target="_blank"> Atlassian. (2018, January 9). How to Enable User Access Logging. 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