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margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; text-align:left; border: 1px solid #484329; width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; color:White; background-color:#484329"><b>Light iron-age reading</b><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bible"><font size="5" color="White"><b>The Bible</b></font></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#dbd8af;" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Bible" title="Category:Bible"><img alt="Icon bible.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/2/29/Icon_bible.svg/100px-Icon_bible.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/w/images/thumb/2/29/Icon_bible.svg/150px-Icon_bible.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/2/29/Icon_bible.svg/200px-Icon_bible.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#484329; text-align:center;"><b>Gabbin' with God</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#dbd8af;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old</a> / <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocrypha" title="Apocrypha">Apocrypha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible">Annotated Bible</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#484329; text-align:center;"><b>Analysis</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#dbd8af;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_sexism" title="Biblical sexism">Biblical sexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_James_Only" title="King James Only">King James Only</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_scientific_errors" title="Biblical scientific errors">Biblical scientific errors</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#484329; text-align:center;"><b>Woo</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#dbd8af;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_Code" title="The Bible Code">The Bible Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Drama_of_the_Lost_Disciples" title="The Drama of the Lost Disciples">The Drama of the Lost Disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel%27s_wheel" title="Ezekiel's wheel">Ezekiel's wheel</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#484329; text-align:center;"><b>Figures</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#dbd8af;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamar" title="Tamar">Tamar</a></li></ul> <div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Biblenav" title="Template:Biblenav">v</a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Biblenav" title="Template talk:Biblenav">t</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Biblenav&action=edit">e</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>YHWH</b> (<b>Yahweh</b>, <b>Jehovah</b> or <b>יהוה</b>) is the personal name for the <a href="/wiki/Monotheistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotheistic">monotheistic</a> <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> that the <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> (albeit under various different names) worship. </p><p>The common rendering of <i>YHWH</i> is sometimes called the <b>tetragrammaton</b> (which is <a href="/wiki/Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek">Greek</a> for "a word of four letters"). </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Tetragrammaton"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Tetragrammaton</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Pronunciation"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Pronunciation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#English_translation"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">English translation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Jehovah_v._YaHeWeHe"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Jehovah v. YaHeWeHe</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#YHWH_the_god"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">YHWH the god</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Yahweh_and_other_biblical_gods"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Yahweh and other biblical gods</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#YHWH_and_his_wives"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">YHWH and his wives</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Tetragrammaton">Tetragrammaton</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YHWH&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Tetragrammaton">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YHWH&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The oldest historical mention occurs in a 14th century BCE <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptian</a> text referring to nomads in southern Palestine/Arabia as "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shasu#Shasu_of_Yhw" class="extiw" title="wp:Shasu" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Shasu#Shasu_of_Yhw">The Shasu of YHW</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> Egyptian hieroglyphs, being something of a guessing game like charades, often used classifiers to restrict the range of meanings to "gods," "places," etc. (as in charades, there are gestures for "this is a book," "this is a movie"). Here, "YHW" does not have the "god" classifier, thus raising the historical possibility that he really was a nice patriarchal guy with a magnificent white beard. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YHWH&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>There are several views of what YHWH means and where the term originated. The most commonly accepted is that the term comes from "Y" (Hebrew yodh י) meaning "he," and the Proto-Semitic root "HWY," (> Hebrew: he waw he הוה ) which means either "to be" or "to create" depending on context, mode and inflection, making YHWH "He who is" or alternately "He who <a href="/wiki/Creator" class="mw-redirect" title="Creator">creates</a>." In <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Exodus#Exodus_3:14" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Exodus">Exodus 3:14</a>, God states, in response to the question "who are you, that should send me to the people of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>?" - "Ehyeh asher ehyeh" "I will be what I will be." In context, the word "YHWH" could also mean "He who builds". </p><p>Without vowels, both scholars of the Bible and linguists can only guess on the variation of the root HWY. Root HWY resembles somewhat another root ḤWY (> Hebrew חוה ḥet waw he) "to live", which yields Canaanite "Ḥawwat", the original form of Hebrew "Ḥawwah" and <a href="/wiki/Eve" class="mw-redirect" title="Eve">Eve</a>. </p><p>A second theory is based on the <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistic</a> <a href="/wiki/Evidence" title="Evidence">evidence</a> that the Semitic tri-root "HWY" indicates "to blow, to fall". This argument suggests YHWH might be indicating at a Storm God, as YHWH, the imperfect causative third-person, would mean "he causes to blow [the wind] ~ he causes to fall [the rain & lightning]". This would blend with the theory that YHWH was an Edomic Storm God who was adopted into the Canaanite <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a>. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YHWH&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pronunciation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The original pronunciation is lost to <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, because the Hebrew Bible contains no vowels, and of course those who would have known the pronunciation are long gone.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[note 1]</a></sup> Further, it was historically considered disrespectful to speak God's name, outside of the most sacred of settings. Even today, conservative and <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Jews</a> generally do not use His name, as they consider it very holy to even pronounce, while the Christians mostly refer to Him as "the LORD".<sup id="cite_ref-jps_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jps-3">[2]</a></sup> </p><p>In practical terms, the pronunciation is probably <i>Yahweh</i> (the cognate <i>yahwiyu</i> is still attested in Arabic; coupled with the sound-correspondence <i>-iyu</i> to <i>-eh</i>) or something fairly similar, and this is the usual translation into <a href="/wiki/English" title="English">English</a>. </p><p>To avoid speaking God's name, because that's disrespectful, when <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jews</a> read the Hebrew scriptures aloud in prayer, the four letters are pronounced mainly as <i>Adonai</i> (my <a href="/wiki/Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord">lord</a>), but also as <i>Elohim</i> (god<i><b>s</b></i> - in plural, singular "El") in a few cases. Taking the <a href="/wiki/Taboo" title="Taboo">taboo</a> even further, some conservative and Orthodox Jews simply call God "HaShem," literally meaning "the name."<sup id="cite_ref-jps_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jps-3">[2]</a></sup> Another common Jewish practice, especially among English-speaking Orthodox Jews, is to write the English name '"God" as <i>G-d</i>, even though this is symbolic since it's not forbidden to write "God" as only the original Hebrew is holy and the English word is not really his name. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="English_translation">English translation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YHWH&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: English translation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Most English <a href="/wiki/Bible_translations" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible translations">Bible translations</a> represent YHWH as <i>"the <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lord</span>"</i> (in small capitals when it stands in for YHWH) and <i>"Lord <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">God"</span></i> or <i>"The Sovereign <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lord</span>"</i> (when it is "YHWH Adonai"). The latter may also be translated <i>"The <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lord</span>" God</i> or something like that to show they are different words. (In Hebrew <i>Adonai</i> is not a name but a title that means "my lord[s]".) </p><p>In some Christian liturgical use, like Catholic hymns, the name "Yahweh" has been occasionally used as a poetic name for God because Christians don't feel the Jewish taboo on saying the name aloud is nearly as important to them. Some Protestants may also use it though they differ on it. There has been some opposition to this by Christians and in 2008 the Vatican put the kibosh on it <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a></sup>, fitting more in line with the Jewish tradition. </p><p>Older transliterations like <b>YHVH</b> or <b>IHVH</b> are no longer used. It is commonly believed that the third consonant letter ו was once /w/ in Hebrew (which it stayed as for a few speakers from some Arab countries) and so the last syllable shifted from "weh" to "veh" over the past few thousand years. The exact same sound change, which is not that rare around the world, also happened in Latin; the ancient <a href="/wiki/Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman">Romans</a> pronounced the letter V as a /w/ sound. This is why a spelling with V would have worked in Latin and stuck around out of tradition, but is misleading today as to how it was pronounced in ancient times. The spelling with I is because Latin did not use the letter Y as a consonant like English does, and used I for that sound (as Latin's daughter languages like Italian still often do today). As described below, these sound changes are part of how we got the very wrong English variant "Jehovah", which sounds nothing like how any Jewish tradition would have ever said it at any time. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Jehovah_v._YaHeWeHe">Jehovah v. YaHeWeHe</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YHWH&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Jehovah v. YaHeWeHe">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>A totally serious, cartoonish English rendition of the name is <i>Jehovah</i>, which was formed by a combination of the consonants YHWH and the cantillation marks (vowels) for "Adonai" (that's where the "o" comes from), as the word was written in the Tanakh, so that even the most absent-minded Jew wouldn't pronounce the Sacred Name and be <a href="/wiki/Examples_of_God_personally_killing_people" title="Examples of God personally killing people">Struck Down in Flame</a>. The "Y" became "J" and "W" became "V" because those were the letters that ancient <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> used to represent those sounds.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[note 2]</a></sup> Despite the sound changes in French that caused English J and V to sound nothing like their Latin ancestors, this doggedly incorrect transliteration is still used by certain <a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">traditionalist</a> groups and <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>. </p><p>Though "Jehovah" is generally found in English-speaking Christian groups, it can sometimes be found in English-speaking Jewish <a href="/wiki/Sect" title="Sect">sects</a> as well. </p><p>Jehovah's Witnesses insist Jehovah is God's real name, or at least as close to it as "<a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>" is to the original Hebrew. They insist on using this name to distinguish him from what they call false gods. There are also some sects, including many <a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a> believers, who insist that "Yahweh" is the proper name. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="YHWH_the_god">YHWH the god</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YHWH&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: YHWH the god">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Evidence from <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeological</a> excavations (in the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Adams" title="Douglas Adams">Douglas Adamsian</a> tradition of "The Institute of Taking Impossibly Long Times to Find Out What's Painfully Obvious," as even a cursory reading of the millennia-old Tanakh or <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> with a right mind — although we're not sure how often that happens) strongly suggests that YHWH wasn't the <i>only</i> God, just one that Abraham promised to worship so he could take all of <a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a>, put the men <a href="/wiki/Murder" class="mw-redirect" title="Murder">to the sword</a>, the towns to the torch, and the women <a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">to bed</a>. The deal also included <a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">sacrificing</a> the good stuff — the <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>, silver, <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animals</a> — to the <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lord</span>, i.e. making His <a href="/wiki/Priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Priest">priests</a> rich. </p><p>Evidences found in the Canaanite city of Ugarit suggests the ancient Israelites practiced a <a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">polytheistic</a> North-west Semitic religion, with a creator god, <i>El</i>. Yahweh was associated with El, and became the "national god" of the Hebrews.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[note 3]</a></sup> There is some evidence of a god "YW" who was the Son of El; YW is generally considered to either be YHWH or be some play on words to make a closer association. El (and therefore YHWH) had a wife, incidentally named <a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Asherah</a> — amazingly the <a href="/wiki/Mormon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon">Mormons</a> got it right for once, and we'll all get our own <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planet</a> called The <i>Battlestar Galactica</i>, from which <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">humans</a> will evolve in to Cylons and found the Twelve Colonies of Man, and revert to polytheism. </p><p>Ancient Israelites associated Yahweh with thunder.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[5]</a></sup> Compare other prominent gods of thunder, such as <a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classical_mythology" title="Classical mythology"> Jupiter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thor" class="mw-redirect" title="Thor">Thor</a>, in other well-known pantheons. </p><p>Because YHWH so obviously made such a lousy cosmic protector, killing his own vassals with <a href="/wiki/Plague" title="Plague">plagues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hellfire</a> and brimstone, His patron kingdoms being ground into dust by the Assyrians and whatnot, He was beefed up by a merger with El, making Him not only the particular God of the Hebrews but also THE MOST POWERFUL GOD IN THE COSMOS. It's quite clear through even a cursory reading of the Old Testament (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">First Commandment</a>) that even then the Israelites did not consider Yahweh to be the only god, merely the most important one. Needless to say that He's frequently mentioned in plural (Elohim), and the single-most repeated phrase in the Old Testament is, "I am the YHWH your Elohim, the El of Abraham, <a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>." </p><p>YHWH <a href="/wiki/Amalekites" title="Amalekites">appears</a> <a href="/wiki/Deluge" class="mw-redirect" title="Deluge">to</a> <a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">be</a> <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">pro-choice</a>. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Yahweh_and_other_biblical_gods">Yahweh and other biblical gods</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YHWH&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Yahweh and other biblical gods">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The mainstream in monotheistic Christian thinking is that even though multiple names are used for God (El/Elohim, Adonai, Yahweh, and various other titles and epithets), there was still one God and all the names refer to the same divinity.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[7]</a></sup> However, an alternative hypothesis is that the two names refer to different divinities. Genesis 1 and 2 offer two different creation stories, Genesis 1 describing creation by Elohim and Genesis 2 by Yahweh Elohim<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[8]</a></sup>; hence it is sometimes supposed that the creation story in the Bible was assembled by putting together two different creation stories.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[10]</a></sup> The Israelites probably emerged in a polytheistic society, and they may have originally worshipped one God, El, and later replaced him with another, Yahweh.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[12]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="YHWH_and_his_wives">YHWH and his wives</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YHWH&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: YHWH and his wives">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Danseuse_Arabe.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Danseuse_Arabe.jpg/250px-Danseuse_Arabe.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="290" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Danseuse_Arabe.jpg/330px-Danseuse_Arabe.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Danseuse_Arabe.jpg/500px-Danseuse_Arabe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1210" data-file-height="1756" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Danseuse_Arabe.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>One of Yahweh's harem girls?</div></div></div> <p>Early ancient Israelites honored Yahweh alongside Asherah, and both archeological evidence and biblical evidence confirm this.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[13]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[16]</a></sup> To further elaborate, Asherah was a mother goddess in the ancient Semitic religion, identified as the queen consort of the Sumerian god Anu, and of Ugaritic El, and of Yahweh, the god of the Kingdom of Israel and of the Kingdom of Judah. </p><p>But according to Psalms chapter 45, Yahweh/Elohim had many more bed partners to <a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex"> play with</a>. The writer of this poem assures the reader that he/she isn't referring to David, but to Elohim, who can pretty much be equated with Yahweh. The chapter from verse 6 onward runs thus: </p><p>45:6 <i>Thy throne, O Elohim, is forever and ever: the scepter of thy kingdom is a right scepter.</i> </p><p>45:7 <i>Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest wickedness: therefore Elohim, thy Elohim, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows</i> </p><p>45:8 <i>All thy garments smell of myrrh, and aloes, and cassia, out of the ivory palaces, whereby they have made thee glad.</i> </p><p>45:9 <i>King's daughters are among thy honorable women, upon thy right hand did stand the queen in gold of Ophir.</i> </p><p>45:10 <i>Hearken, O daughter, and consider, and incline thine ear; forget also thine own people, and thy father's house.</i> </p><p>45:11 <i>So shall the king greatly desire thy beauty: for he is thy Adonim; and worship thou him.</i><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[17]</a></sup> </p><p>Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers has commented on verse 9 saying, <i>(9) Honourable women.--Literally, precious ones, i.e., possibly the favourites of the harem.</i><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a></sup> Anyway, maybe these women of God had more charms to offer than Asherah, and that's why they weren't <a href="/wiki/Revisionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Revisionism"> edited out</a> of the Bible. </p><p>As with many other controversial chapters from the Bible, there are numerous interpretations on this poem. Franz Delitzsch argued that the poem was written on the occasion of King Jehoram of Judah's marriage with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athaliah" class="extiw" title="wp:Athaliah" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Athaliah">Athaliah</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>, while Alexander Kirkpatrick maintained that it referred rather to the marriage of Solomon with an Egyptian princess. The psalm has frequently been interpreted as a Messianic prophecy. In Hebrews 1:8-9, verses 6-7 are quoted as allusions to Jesus, and among Jews as well the king has been identified with the Messiah and the bride with Israel. The verse-marking for this psalm in the Revised Standard Version (RSV) differs from that used in other translations. The most controversial passage is verse 7, traditionally translated "thy throne, O god, is for ever and ever", because it seems as if the poet is addressing the king as "god", which is theologically problematic (since after all God can't have sexy women, right? - though fertility-associated god-kings are ten-a-penny in any right-thinking <a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">theocracy</a>). Alternate translations include "your divine throne endures for ever and ever" and "the eternal and everlasting God has enthroned you".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a></sup> These alternate translations may be an attempt to erase any evidence that Yahweh had His own harem. </p><p>Anat, a West Semitic goddess of love and war,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a></sup> might also be a candidate for one of Yahweh's (presumably many) wives. Judges 5:6 mentions her, and Genesis 41:45 gives Joseph's wife's name as Asenath (<i>holy to Anath</i>). </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YHWH&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div style="clear: right; float:right; border:solid #ff8500 1px; margin: 1px 0; width:250px; padding:2px; background:#ffff80;"> <table cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;text-align:center"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/File:Icon_fun.svg" class="image"><img alt="Icon fun.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5c/Icon_fun.svg/50px-Icon_fun.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5c/Icon_fun.svg/75px-Icon_fun.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5c/Icon_fun.svg/100px-Icon_fun.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size:9pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;color:red;">For those of you in the mood, <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki" title="RationalWiki">RationalWiki</a> has a <i>fun</i> article about <a href="/wiki/Fun:YHWH" title="Fun:YHWH"><i>YHWH</i></a>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gods_Christians_don%27t_believe_in" class="mw-redirect" title="Gods Christians don't believe in">Gods Christians don't believe in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YMCA" title="YMCA">YMCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YHWH&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The reason the Hebrew Bible contains no vowels is because the Hebrew script is an <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet"><i>abjad</i> script</a>, a type of script unique to the Semitic languages which contain triconsonantal root words with the vowels being "extra", and the abjads reflect this, the Arabic script is an abjad too, as is the Ge'ez script, which is the liturgical, and Semitic, language for the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Christianity">Orthodox Church</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">If you want to split hairs, ancient Latin didn't actually have a letter shaped like J -- it used a written I for both the long I vowel sound and the short Y sound. Later Latin scholars invented J as a way to distinguish between these two sounds.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Documentary_hypothesis" title="Documentary hypothesis">Documentary hypothesis</a> claims that the "J" name (YHWH, and it's abbreviations) was used in the southern kingdom of Judah, and the "E" name was typically used in the northern kingdom of Israel. With the fall of Israel in 722 and influx of refugees into Jerusalem, there was motivation to integrate the plurality into a single cult.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YHWH&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"The idea that the Yahweh tradition is rooted in Edom can be supported by the Late Bronze Age Egyptian records that link the god yhw = Yahweh with the Shasu nomads of Edom (Giveon 1971; Levy, Adams, and Muniz 2004; Rainey 1995; Ward 1992)." Levy, Thomas E. "Ethnic identity in biblical Edom, Israel, and Midian: Some insights from mortuary contexts in the lowlands of Edom." <i>Exploring the longue Durée</i>. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns (2008): 251-261. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jps-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-jps_3-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-jps_3-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronald L. Eisenberg. <i>The JPS Guide to Jewish Traditions</i>, p627. Jewish Publication Society of America. 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://catholic-resources.org/ChurchDocs/CDWDS-Name-of-God-2008.htm">https://catholic-resources.org/ChurchDocs/CDWDS-Name-of-God-2008.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2708880">/* Errors processing stylesheet [[:Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css]] (rev 2708880): • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 44 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 50 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 55 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 64 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽color⧼/code⧽ at line 96 character 9. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽color⧼/code⧽ at line 100 character 9. • Invalid media query at line 138 character 8. */ .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDozeman2009" class="citation book cs1">Dozeman, Thomas B. (13 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fRXjfa6RWPwC"><i>Exodus</i></a>. Eerdmans critical commentary (reprint ed.). Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing (published 2009). p. 235. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802826176" title="Special:BookSources/9780802826176"><bdi>9780802826176</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>Ancient Israelites also worshipped Yahweh as the God of the thunderstorm. Psalm 29 celebrates the revelation of Yahweh in the storm. The voice of Yahweh is the thunder (v. 3). Bolts of lightning flash out from Yahweh as weapons striking the earth (v. 7). And Yahweh, like Baal, is the 'rider of the clouds,' meaning the God of the thunderstorm who sustains life in his kingdom (see also v. 8).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exodus&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan&rft.series=Eerdmans+critical+commentary&rft.pages=235&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2009-11-13&rft.isbn=9780802826176&rft.aulast=Dozeman&rft.aufirst=Thomas+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfRXjfa6RWPwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3AYHWH" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2708880"/><cite id="CITEREFBotterweckRinggrenFabry" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Johannes_Botterweck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard Johannes Botterweck (page does not exist)">Botterweck, G. Johannes</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmer_Ringgren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helmer Ringgren (page does not exist)">Ringgren, Helmer</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinz-Josef_Fabry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinz-Josef Fabry (page does not exist)">Fabry, Heinz-Josef</a> (eds.). "ra'am thunder, roar". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RAwg47G0M2IC"><i>Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament</i></a>. Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, G. Johannes Botterweck, ISBN 0802823386, 9780802823380. Vol. 13. Translated by Green, David E. (revised ed.). Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 556. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802823373" title="Special:BookSources/9780802823373"><bdi>9780802823373</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>Job 40:9 denies that mortals can raise their voices like thunder, implying that only God has this ability. [...] The roaring of God with a mighty voice ([...] 1 S.7:10; Job 37:4-5 [...]) [...] suggests thunder, with which Yahweh expressly accompanies his coming to intervene. In 1 S. 7:10 Yahweh's thundering [...] resembles a battle cry before combat; the roaring of his voice in response to Samuel's sacrifice marks the beginning of his victorious battle on Israel's behalf againt the Philistines [...]. The thunder of Yahweh [...] in 1 S. 2:10 can also be understood as a signal marking the beginning of combat [...]. [...] In Isa. 29:6 [...] Yahweh's [...] thunder is one element of a theophany, along with earthquake, whirlwind, tempest, and devouring fire. [...] In Ps. 18:14(13) = 2 S. 22:14, Yahweh also thunders [...] in the context of an even more detailed description of a theophany [...]. [...] During the exodus and wandering in the wilderness, Yahweh answers his people (Ps. 81:8[7] in the hiding place of thunder [...]. Ps. 77:19(18) uses motifs associated with theophanies to describe the exodus as Yahweh's intervention; he announces his presence with the voice of his thunder [...]. Describing the work of creation, Ps. 104:7 says that the mighty waters took flight at the voice of Yahweh's thunder. [...] In Ps. 29:3 Yahweh's thundering [...] most likely suggests the actual meteorological phenomena of a thunderstorm: the passage clearly points to a theophany in a tempest. Job 37:3-5 [...] should also be read with meteorological phenomena in the background. The (overwhelming) power of God, whose voice is like thunder, is the point of 26:14, as well as God's rhetorical question in 40:9, which asks Job whether he can thunder like God.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=ra%27am+thunder%2C+roar&rft.btitle=Theological+Dictionary+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan&rft.series=Theological+Dictionary+of+the+Old+Testament%2C+G.+Johannes+Botterweck%2C+ISBN+0802823386%2C+9780802823380&rft.pages=556&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.isbn=9780802823373&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRAwg47G0M2IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3AYHWH" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mit.irr.org/are-jehovah-and-elohim-different-gods">Are Jehovah and Elohim Different Gods?</a>, Mormons in Transition</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> article on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_God" class="extiw" title="wp:Names of God" rel="nofollow">Names of God</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=genesis+1&version=NOG">Genesis 1 in Names of God Bible</a>, BibleGateway.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biologos.org/blogs/archive/israels-two-creation-stories-part-3">Israel's two Creation Stories</a>, Biologos.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> article on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" class="extiw" title="wp:Book of Genesis" rel="nofollow">Book of Genesis</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> article on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahweh" class="extiw" title="wp:Yahweh" rel="nofollow">Yahweh</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contradictionsinthebible.com/are-yahweh-and-el-the-same-god/">Are Yahweh and El the same God</a>, ContradictionsInTheBible.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-sites-places/puzzling-finds-from-kuntillet-ajrud%E2%80%94a-drawing-of-god-labeled-yahweh-and-his-asherah-or-the-egyptian-god-bes/">https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-sites-places/puzzling-finds-from-kuntillet-ajrud%E2%80%94a-drawing-of-god-labeled-yahweh-and-his-asherah-or-the-egyptian-god-bes/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.seeker.com/gods-wife-edited-out-of-the-bible-almost-1766083399.html">https://www.seeker.com/gods-wife-edited-out-of-the-bible-almost-1766083399.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ancientpages.com/2017/04/12/ancient-yahweh-asherah-inscriptions-kuntillet-ajrud-remain-unsolved-biblical-mystery/">http://www.ancientpages.com/2017/04/12/ancient-yahweh-asherah-inscriptions-kuntillet-ajrud-remain-unsolved-biblical-mystery/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/search/search.cfm?Criteria=Asherah&t=NKJV#s=s_primary_0_1">https://www.blueletterbible.org/search/search.cfm?Criteria=Asherah&t=NKJV#s=s_primary_0_1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://qbible.com/hebrew-old-testament/psalms/45.html">http://qbible.com/hebrew-old-testament/psalms/45.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://biblehub.com/psalms/45-9.htm">http://biblehub.com/psalms/45-9.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalm_45">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalm_45</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anath">https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anath</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="the_Bible-navbox" style="clear:both;"> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed autocollapse innercollapse outercollapse navbox nowraplinks" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" style="background:#484329; color:White; text-align:center;"><div style="float:left;" class="navbar"><div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Biblebox" title="Template:Biblebox"><span style="color:White">v</span></a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Biblebox" title="Template talk:Biblebox"><span style="color:White">t</span></a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Biblebox&action=edit"><span style="color:White">e</span></a></div></div><span style="color:White; font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Bible" title="Category:Bible"><span style="color:White">Articles</span></a> about <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible"><span id="the_Bible-navbox" style="color:White">the Bible</span></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#484329; width:25%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Old_Testament" title="Category:Old Testament"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Old Testament:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Goliath" title="Goliath">Goliath</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tamar" title="Tamar">Tamar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Babel" title="Tower of Babel">Tower of Babel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Abel" title="Abel">Abel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Old_Testament)" title="Joseph (Old Testament)">Joseph (Old Testament)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Firmament" title="Firmament">Firmament</a> • <a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a> • <a href="/wiki/Amalekites" title="Amalekites">Amalekites</a> • <a href="/wiki/Curse_of_Ham" title="Curse of Ham">Curse of Ham</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Sodom and Gomorrah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ezekiel%27s_wheel" title="Ezekiel's wheel">Ezekiel's wheel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lot" title="Lot">Lot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nephilim" title="Nephilim">Nephilim</a> • <a href="/wiki/G%27Tach" title="G'Tach">G'Tach</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_was_Imhotep" title="Joseph was Imhotep">Joseph was Imhotep</a> • <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> • <a href="/wiki/Global_flood" title="Global flood">Global flood</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cain" title="Cain">Cain</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gibeah" title="Gibeah">Gibeah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> • <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> • <a href="/wiki/Incubus_and_succubus_myths" title="Incubus and succubus myths">Incubus and succubus myths</a> • <a href="/wiki/King_David" title="King David">King David</a> • <a href="/wiki/Serpent_seed_doctrine" title="Serpent seed doctrine">Serpent seed doctrine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Leviathan" title="Leviathan">Leviathan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mark_of_Cain" title="Mark of Cain">Mark of Cain</a> • <a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Asherah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nimrod" title="Nimrod">Nimrod</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sirach" title="Sirach">Sirach</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jezebel" title="Jezebel">Jezebel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a> • <a href="/wiki/Moloch" title="Moloch">Moloch</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joel" title="Book of Joel">Book of Joel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a> • <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_actions_prohibited_by_the_Bible" title="List of actions prohibited by the Bible">List of actions prohibited by the Bible</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Torah" title="Category:Torah"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Torah:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Book of Exodus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus" title="Book of Leviticus">Book of Leviticus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Book of Numbers</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Book of Zechariah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Book of Deuteronomy</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Old_Testament_History" title="Category:Old Testament History"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Old Testament History:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Book of Esther</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezra" title="Book of Ezra">Book of Ezra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Book of Judges</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth">Book of Ruth</a> • <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">Books of Chronicles</a> • <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">Books of Kings</a> • <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">Books of Samuel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Book of Joshua</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Old_Testament_Wisdom" title="Category:Old Testament Wisdom"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Old Testament Wisdom:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Song_of_Solomon" title="Song of Solomon">Song of Solomon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Book of Job</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Book of Proverbs</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Psalms" title="Book of Psalms">Book of Psalms</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Major_and_Minor_Prophets" title="Category:Major and Minor Prophets"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Major and Minor Prophets:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Book of Ezekiel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Book of Isaiah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Book of Lamentations</a> • <a href="/wiki/Books_of_the_Minor_Prophets" title="Books of the Minor Prophets">Books of the Minor Prophets</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Book of Jeremiah</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#484329; width:25%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Testament" title="Category:New Testament"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">New Testament:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a> • <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)" title="Mary (mother of Jesus)">Mary (mother of Jesus)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Tarsus" title="Paul of Tarsus">Paul of Tarsus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Good_Samaritan" title="Good Samaritan">Good Samaritan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_New_Testament" title="Authorship of the New Testament">Authorship of the New Testament</a> • <a href="/wiki/Magi" title="Magi">Magi</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> • <a href="/wiki/Principalities_and_powers" title="Principalities and powers">Principalities and powers</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_(husband_of_Mary)" title="Joseph (husband of Mary)">Joseph (husband of Mary)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nag_Hammadi_library" title="Nag Hammadi library">Nag Hammadi library</a> • <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Barnabas" title="Gospel of Barnabas">Gospel of Barnabas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Apostle" title="Peter the Apostle">Peter the Apostle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Gospels" title="Category:Gospels"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Gospels and Acts:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospels" title="Gospels">Gospels</a> • <a href="/wiki/Q_gospel" title="Q gospel">Q gospel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Pauline_Epistles" title="Category:Pauline Epistles"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Pauline Epistles:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Corinthians" title="Corinthians">Corinthians</a> • <a href="/wiki/Galatians" title="Galatians">Galatians</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ephesians" title="Ephesians">Ephesians</a> • <a href="/wiki/Colossians" title="Colossians">Colossians</a> • <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians" title="Epistle to the Philippians">Epistle to the Philippians</a> • <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon" title="Epistle to Philemon">Epistle to Philemon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Epistle to the Romans</a> • <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Titus" title="Epistle to Titus">Epistle to Titus</a> • <a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="First Epistle to the Thessalonians">First Epistle to the Thessalonians</a> • <a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">Second Epistle to the Thessalonians</a> • <a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="Second Epistle to Timothy">Second Epistle to Timothy</a> • <a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="First Epistle to Timothy">First Epistle to Timothy</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:General_Epistles" title="Category:General Epistles"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">General Epistles:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Epistle of Jude</a> • <a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">Epistle of James</a> • <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Epistle to the Hebrews</a> • <a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John">First Epistle of John</a> • <a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Peter" title="First Epistle of Peter">First Epistle of Peter</a> • <a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">Second Epistle of John</a> • <a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Peter" title="Second Epistle of Peter">Second Epistle of Peter</a> • <a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_of_John" title="Third Epistle of John">Third Epistle of John</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#484329; width:25%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Bible_analysis" title="Category:Bible analysis"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Bible analysis:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a> • <a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_New_Testament" title="Authorship of the New Testament">Authorship of the New Testament</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bible_interpolation" title="Bible interpolation">Bible interpolation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Biblical_sexism" title="Biblical sexism">Biblical sexism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bibliolatry" title="Bibliolatry">Bibliolatry</a> • <a href="/wiki/Documentary_hypothesis" title="Documentary hypothesis">Documentary hypothesis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Evidence_for_the_Exodus" title="Evidence for the Exodus">Evidence for the Exodus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospels" title="Gospels">Gospels</a> • <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_reading" title="Horizontal reading">Horizontal reading</a> • <a href="/wiki/King_James_Only" title="King James Only">King James Only</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pesher" title="Pesher">Pesher</a> • <a href="/wiki/Q_gospel" title="Q gospel">Q gospel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> • <a href="/wiki/Skeptic%27s_Annotated_Bible" title="Skeptic's Annotated Bible">Skeptic's Annotated Bible</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a> • <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bible_translation" title="Bible translation">Bible translation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Word_of_God" title="Word of God">Word of God</a> • <a href="/wiki/Biblical_literalism" title="Biblical literalism">Biblical literalism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Biblical_contradictions" title="Biblical contradictions">Biblical contradictions</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:List_of_mistakes_made_by_God" title="Fun:List of mistakes made by God">List of mistakes made by God</a> • <a href="/wiki/Abomination" title="Abomination">Abomination</a> • <a href="/wiki/Firmament" title="Firmament">Firmament</a> • <a href="/wiki/G%27Tach" title="G'Tach">G'Tach</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arsenokoites" title="Arsenokoites">Arsenokoites</a> • <a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogy of Jesus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nag_Hammadi_library" title="Nag Hammadi library">Nag Hammadi library</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's Ark</a> • <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible">Annotated Bible</a> • <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Bible" title="Slavery in the Bible">Slavery in the Bible</a> • <a href="/wiki/Examples_of_God_personally_killing_people" title="Examples of God personally killing people">Examples of God personally killing people</a> • <a href="/wiki/Herod" title="Herod">Herod</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Brick_Testament" title="The Brick Testament">The Brick Testament</a> • <a href="/wiki/Evidence_against_a_recent_creation" title="Evidence against a recent creation">Evidence against a recent creation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Biblical_scientific_errors" title="Biblical scientific errors">Biblical scientific errors</a> • <a href="/wiki/EvilBible.com" title="EvilBible.com">EvilBible.com</a> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_actions_prohibited_by_the_Bible" title="List of actions prohibited by the Bible">List of actions prohibited by the Bible</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Bible_translations" title="Category:Bible translations"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Bible translations:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Fun:Cockney_Bible" title="Fun:Cockney Bible">Cockney Bible</a> • <a href="/wiki/Douay-Rheims" title="Douay-Rheims">Douay-Rheims</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Bible" title="Jefferson Bible">Jefferson Bible</a> • <a href="/wiki/King_James_Only" title="King James Only">King James Only</a> • <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vetus_Latina" title="Vetus Latina">Vetus Latina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bible_translation" title="Bible translation">Bible translation</a> • <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible">Annotated Bible</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Apocrypha" title="Category:Apocrypha"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Apocrypha:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a> • <a href="/wiki/Apocrypha" title="Apocrypha">Apocrypha</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nag_Hammadi_library" title="Nag Hammadi library">Nag Hammadi library</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judith" title="Book of Judith">Book of Judith</a> • <a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a> • <a href="/wiki/3_Maccabees" title="3 Maccabees">3 Maccabees</a> • <a href="/wiki/4_Maccabees" title="4 Maccabees">4 Maccabees</a> • <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Enoch" title="Books of Enoch">Books of Enoch</a> • <a href="/wiki/Books_of_the_Maccabees" title="Books of the Maccabees">Books of the Maccabees</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Judas" title="Gospel of Judas">Gospel of Judas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mary" title="Gospel of Mary">Gospel of Mary</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Philip" title="Gospel of Philip">Gospel of Philip</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Thomas" title="Gospel of Thomas">Gospel of Thomas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Infancy_Gospel_of_James" title="Infancy Gospel of James">Infancy Gospel of James</a> • <a href="/wiki/Infancy_Gospel_of_Thomas" title="Infancy Gospel of Thomas">Infancy Gospel of Thomas</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Maccabees" title="1 Maccabees">1 Maccabees</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#484329; width:25%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Biblical_figures" title="Category:Biblical figures"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Biblical figures:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Abel" title="Abel">Abel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cain" title="Cain">Cain</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Old_Testament)" title="Joseph (Old Testament)">Joseph (Old Testament)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)" title="Mary (mother of Jesus)">Mary (mother of Jesus)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Tarsus" title="Paul of Tarsus">Paul of Tarsus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lot" title="Lot">Lot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Goliath" title="Goliath">Goliath</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nephilim" title="Nephilim">Nephilim</a> • <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> • <a href="/wiki/Amalekites" title="Amalekites">Amalekites</a> • <a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a> • <a href="/wiki/King_David" title="King David">King David</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_(husband_of_Mary)" title="Joseph (husband of Mary)">Joseph (husband of Mary)</a> • <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Asherah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nimrod" title="Nimrod">Nimrod</a> • <a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a> • <a href="/wiki/Herod" title="Herod">Herod</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jezebel" title="Jezebel">Jezebel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tamar" title="Tamar">Tamar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#484329; width:25%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Bible_woo" title="Category:Bible woo"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Bible woo:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Jesus_diet" title="Jesus diet">Jesus diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Name_it_and_claim_it" title="Name it and claim it">Name it and claim it</a> • <a href="/wiki/Snake_handling" title="Snake handling">Snake handling</a> • <a href="/wiki/Speaking_in_tongues" title="Speaking in tongues">Speaking in tongues</a> • <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_warfare" title="Spiritual warfare">Spiritual warfare</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Bible_Code" title="The Bible Code">The Bible Code</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gematria" title="Gematria">Gematria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Stigmata" title="Stigmata">Stigmata</a> • <a href="/wiki/Biblical_longevity" title="Biblical longevity">Biblical longevity</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hanzi_of_Genesis" title="Hanzi of Genesis">Hanzi of Genesis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dr._Bronner%27s_Soap" title="Dr. Bronner's Soap">Dr. Bronner's Soap</a> • <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Prayer_Team" title="Presidential Prayer Team">Presidential Prayer Team</a> • <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Broadcasting_Network" title="Trinity Broadcasting Network">Trinity Broadcasting Network</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zecharia_Sitchin" title="Zecharia Sitchin">Zecharia Sitchin</a> • <a href="/wiki/James_Ussher" title="James Ussher">James Ussher</a> • <a href="/wiki/Creation_Week" title="Creation Week">Creation Week</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zion_Oil_and_Gas" title="Zion Oil and Gas">Zion Oil and Gas</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Drama_of_the_Lost_Disciples" title="The Drama of the Lost Disciples">The Drama of the Lost Disciples</a> • <a href="/wiki/Roman_Piso" title="Roman Piso">Roman Piso</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jose_Luis_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Jose Luis de Jesús">Jose Luis de Jesús</a> • <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">Prayer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Biblical_scientific_foreknowledge" title="Biblical scientific foreknowledge">Biblical scientific foreknowledge</a> • <a href="/wiki/Black_Hebrew_Israelites" title="Black Hebrew Israelites">Black Hebrew Israelites</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Otto" title="Jonathan Otto">Jonathan Otto</a> • <a href="/wiki/Benny_Hinn" title="Benny Hinn">Benny Hinn</a> • <a href="/wiki/Presents_Of_God_Ministry" title="Presents Of God Ministry">Presents Of God Ministry</a> • <a href="/wiki/Solfeggio_frequencies" title="Solfeggio frequencies">Solfeggio frequencies</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ken_Ham" title="Ken Ham">Ken Ham</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harold_Camping" title="Harold Camping">Harold Camping</a> • <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Creation_Research" title="Institute for Creation Research">Institute for Creation Research</a> • <a href="/wiki/Steve_Quayle" title="Steve Quayle">Steve Quayle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah_Center" title="Kabbalah Center">Kabbalah Center</a> • <a href="/wiki/Acharya_S" title="Acharya S">Acharya S</a> • <a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a> • <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Peters" title="Peter J. Peters">Peter J. Peters</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ezekiel%27s_wheel" title="Ezekiel's wheel">Ezekiel's wheel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Creation_Research" title="Creation Research">Creation Research</a> • <a href="/wiki/British_Israelism" title="British Israelism">British Israelism</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Biblical_scientific_foreknowledge" title="Category:Biblical scientific foreknowledge"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Scientific foreknowledge:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Gaps_between_Science_and_the_Bible" title="Gaps between Science and the Bible">Gaps between Science and the Bible</a> • <a href="/wiki/Biblical_scientific_foreknowledge" title="Biblical scientific foreknowledge">Biblical scientific foreknowledge</a> • <a href="/wiki/Scientific_Facts_in_the_Bible:_100_Reasons_to_Believe_the_Bible_is_Supernatural_in_Origin" title="Scientific Facts in the Bible: 100 Reasons to Believe the Bible is Supernatural in Origin">Scientific Facts in the Bible: 100 Reasons to Believe the Bible is Supernatural in Origin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Science_Confirms_the_Bible" title="Science Confirms the Bible">Science Confirms the Bible</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eternal_Productions:_101_Scientific_Facts_and_Foreknowledge" title="Eternal Productions: 101 Scientific Facts and Foreknowledge">Eternal Productions: 101 Scientific Facts and Foreknowledge</a> • <a href="/wiki/Modern_Science_in_the_Bible" title="Modern Science in the Bible">Modern Science in the Bible</a> • </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div>    </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=YHWH&oldid=2682277">https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=YHWH&oldid=2682277</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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