CINXE.COM
Intelligence Bureau of the Joint Staff Department - Wikipedia
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Intelligence Bureau of the Joint Staff Department - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"82a8289c-0858-4703-82b1-1213446800bf","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department","wgTitle":"Intelligence Bureau of the Joint Staff Department","wgCurRevisionId":1236051592,"wgRevisionId":1236051592,"wgArticleId":65089122,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 maint: location missing publisher","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text","Articles containing Chinese-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022","Central Military Commission (China)", "People's Liberation Army General Staff","Chinese intelligence agencies","Military intelligence agencies","Ministry of National Defense (PRC)"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department","wgRelevantArticleId":65089122,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false, "wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2663809","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init" :"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Intelligence Bureau of the Joint Staff Department - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department rootpage-Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Intelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Intelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Intelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Intelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Intelligence Bureau of the Joint Staff Department</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingbao" title="Qingbao – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Qingbao" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="המודיעין הצבאי הכללי של סין העממית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המודיעין הצבאי הכללי של סין העממית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhong_Chan_Er_Bu" title="Zhong Chan Er Bu – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zhong Chan Er Bu" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E8%BB%8D%E7%B7%8F%E5%8F%82%E8%AC%80%E9%83%A8%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E9%83%A8" title="中国人民解放軍総参謀部第二部 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中国人民解放軍総参謀部第二部" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wydzia%C5%82_II_Sztabu_Generalnego_Chi%C5%84skiej_Armii_Ludowo-Wyzwole%C5%84czej" title="Wydział II Sztabu Generalnego Chińskiej Armii Ludowo-Wyzwoleńczej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wydział II Sztabu Generalnego Chińskiej Armii Ludowo-Wyzwoleńczej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%A0%D0%A3_%D0%93%D0%A8_%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%90%D0%9A" title="ГРУ ГШ НОАК – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="ГРУ ГШ НОАК" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%BA%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8B%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Кытай дьону кэтиир маныыр тэрилтэтэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кытай дьону кэтиир маныыр тэрилтэтэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%93%D0%A0%D0%A3_%D0%9D%D0%92%D0%90%D0%9A" title="Друге управління Генштабу ГРУ НВАК – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Друге управління Генштабу ГРУ НВАК" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E8%BB%8D%E5%A7%94%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%8F%83%E8%AC%80%E9%83%A8%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E5%B1%80" title="中央軍委聯合參謀部情報局 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="中央軍委聯合參謀部情報局" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%86%9B%E5%A7%94%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%8F%82%E8%B0%8B%E9%83%A8%E6%83%85%E6%8A%A5%E5%B1%80" title="中央军委联合参谋部情报局 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="中央军委联合参谋部情报局" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2663809#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department&oldid=1236051592" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department&id=1236051592&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIntelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIntelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2663809" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military intelligence agency of the People's Liberation Army</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Intelligence Bureau of the Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">中央军委联合参谋部情报局</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PLA_Joint_Staff_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_patch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/PLA_Joint_Staff_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_patch.svg/100px-PLA_Joint_Staff_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/PLA_Joint_Staff_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_patch.svg/150px-PLA_Joint_Staff_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/PLA_Joint_Staff_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_patch.svg/200px-PLA_Joint_Staff_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="317" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">PLA Joint Staff Department Patch</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">January 2016</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceding agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">General Staff Department Intelligence Bureau</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Constituent Department of the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Staff_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission">Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dongcheng_District,_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongcheng District, Beijing">Dongcheng</a>, Beijing</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Classified_information" title="Classified information">Classified</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Xu Youming</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent department</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joint_Staff_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission">Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Intelligence Bureau of the Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">中央军委联合参谋部情报局</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Lián cān qíngbào jú</span></i>) is a bureau of the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Staff_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission">Joint Staff Department</a>. It is one of the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a>'s primary intelligence organizations and the principal <a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">military intelligence</a> organ of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> (PLA). </p><p>The organization was formerly referred to as the Intelligence Department of the General Staff Department, the Second Department, or simply 2PLA. In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">CMC chairman</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> implemented substantial <a href="/wiki/2015_People%27s_Republic_of_China_military_reform" title="2015 People's Republic of China military reform">military reforms</a> for the armed services, the <a href="/wiki/Theater_commands_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Theater commands of the People's Liberation Army">theater commands</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a> (CMC) that have been compared to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>' <a href="/wiki/Goldwater%E2%80%93Nichols_Act" title="Goldwater–Nichols Act">Goldwater–Nichols</a> or <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> <a href="/wiki/2008_Russian_military_reform" title="2008 Russian military reform">Serdyukov reforms</a>. As part of the restructuring of the CMC, the former General Staff Department (GSD) was replaced by the Joint Staff Department (JSD) and subordinate units, to include the Intelligence Bureau, were transferred to the new Joint Staff Department.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">Government of the People's Republic of China</a> has not officially acknowledged the existence of Intelligence Bureau. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although each of the PLA's military services conduct their own operational and tactical intelligence collection and analysis, the Intelligence Bureau of the JSD is responsible for <a href="/wiki/Strategic_intelligence" title="Strategic intelligence">strategic intelligence</a> collection and <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_analysis" title="Intelligence analysis">analysis</a>, primarily in <a href="/wiki/Clandestine_operation" title="Clandestine operation">clandestine</a> and overt <a href="/wiki/Human_intelligence_(intelligence_gathering)" title="Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)">human intelligence</a> (HUMINT) operations as well as warning intelligence to the CMC.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other intelligence disciplines such as <a href="/wiki/Signals_intelligence" title="Signals intelligence">signals intelligence</a> (SIGINT), and <a href="/wiki/Signals_intelligence#Electronic_signals_intelligence" title="Signals intelligence">electronic intelligence</a> (ELINT) were previously the responsibilities of the Third and Fourth Bureaus, respectively, of the GSD but have likely moved to the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Strategic_Support_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force">PLA's Strategic Support Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The PLA distinguishes "intelligence" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">情报</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">qíngbào</span></i>), which refers to strategic, all-source analysis to support national decision-making, from "technical reconnaissance" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">技术侦察</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">jìshù zhēnchá</span></i>) which refers to technical <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence collection">intelligence collection</a> in support of <a href="/wiki/Military_operation" title="Military operation">military operations</a>. Though the former 2nd Bureau of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_General_Staff_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Liberation Army General Staff Department">GSD</a> was responsible for <a href="/wiki/Imagery_intelligence" title="Imagery intelligence">imagery intelligence</a> (IMINT) through its subordinate Aerospace Reconnaissance Bureau (ARB) which analyzed imagery from <a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaofen_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaofen (satellite)">Gaofen</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Earth_observation_satellite" title="Earth observation satellite">Earth-observation satellites</a> and Tactical Reconnaissance Bureau which managed strategic, long-range <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAVs</a>, these organizations were relocated to the PLA's Strategic Support Force as their role was seen as more supportive of military operations than national <a href="/wiki/Decision-making" title="Decision-making">decision-making</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current commissioner of the Intelligence Bureau of the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Staff_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission">Joint Staff Department</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a> is suspected to be Xu Youming (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">许有明</span>) who took control of the agency upon its establishment in 2016. Xu's position as commissioner of the Intelligence Bureau is, like the existence of the bureau itself, not acknowledged by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">Chinese government</a>, but was subtly exposed in an official <a href="/wiki/Press_release" title="Press release">press release</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> Municipal Bureau of Greening as a participant in a city-wide <a href="/wiki/Tree_planting" title="Tree planting">tree planting</a> event.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to his position as commissioner, Xu was a <a href="/wiki/Military_attach%C3%A9" title="Military attaché">military attaché</a> stationed in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_China" title="List of diplomatic missions of China">Chinese Embassies</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has been referred to by the Chinese government as "a former military attaché of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_embassy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese embassy">Chinese Embassy</a> in Brazil" as late as 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Intelligence Bureau controls several think tanks, such as the China Institute for International and Strategic Studies and the China Foundation for International Strategic Studies, to interact with foreign academics and analysts.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:342_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:342-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 219, 246">: 219, 246 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1931, <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a> gathered trusted <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communist</a> comrades that he had personally worked with in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> or <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> to establish an Intelligence Bureau (later called the General Intelligence Department) under its Central Military Commission. The new intelligence service was created specifically to maintain an intelligence body outside the control of the increasingly paranoid and power-hungry influence of <a href="/wiki/Kang_Sheng" title="Kang Sheng">Kang Sheng</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:342_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:342-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1950, it became part of the PLA General Staff (until 1954 known as the "<i>General Staff of the People's Revolutionary Military Committee</i>"), and was referred to as "the 2nd Bureau" as the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">PLA</a> adopted the Soviet model of organization.<sup id="cite_ref-:342_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:342-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the rule of <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>, and especially under the leadership of General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Shaowen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Shaowen (page does not exist)">Liu Shaowen</a> (Director of the Intelligence Bureau from 1954 to 1967), the 2nd Bureau was active in funding, arming and training dozens of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">African</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin American</a> militant groups and liberation movements; especially in the case of Africa, the Intelligence Bureau "<i>supplied, at one time or another, nearly all of the various African liberation movements with arms, money, food and medicines</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among those who received military training were <a href="/wiki/Pol_Pot" title="Pol Pot">Pol Pot</a> (leader of the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán">Abimael Guzmán</a> (leader of the <a href="/wiki/Shining_Path" title="Shining Path">Shining Path</a> in <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liu_Shaowen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Liu_Shaowen.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="265" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="265" /></a><figcaption>General Liu Shaowen, Director of the Intelligence Bureau from 1954 to 1967, played a key role in providing military assistance to various national liberation movements across the world, including the <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_(Algeria)" title="National Liberation Front (Algeria)">FLN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viet_Cong" title="Viet Cong">Viet Cong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pathet_Lao" title="Pathet Lao">Pathet Lao</a> and <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ANC</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>From the early 1970s and until the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, beginning with the tactical alliance of Mao Zedong and U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> to jointly oppose the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, the 2nd Bureau unofficially collaborated with the American <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> in certain cases, most notably in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, where Chinese intelligence (both civilian and military) played a central role in funding, arming and training <a href="/wiki/Soviet_war_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet war in Afghanistan">Afghan guerrillas against the Soviets</a>. From 1980 to 1984 the cost of Chinese support totaled approximately $400 million.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a joint operation of the 2nd Bureau and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">Ministry of State Security</a>, Chinese assistance expanded to eventually include <a href="/wiki/Heavy_machine_gun" title="Heavy machine gun">heavy machine guns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">mortars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Recoilless_rifle" title="Recoilless rifle">recoilless rifles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rocket_launcher" title="Rocket launcher">rocket launchers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_artillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-aircraft artillery">anti-aircraft artillery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the 1980s, the 2nd Bureau used companies such as <a href="/wiki/CITIC_Group" title="CITIC Group">CITIC Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Poly_Group" title="China Poly Group">China Poly Group</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Norinco" title="Norinco">Norinco</a> as cover for intelligence activities.<sup id="cite_ref-:342_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:342-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 204–205">: 204–205 </span></sup> </p><p>In January 2016, as part of the ongoing reform of national defense and the military, the Intelligence Bureau of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Staff Department was abolished and the Intelligence Bureau of the Joint Staff of the Central Military Commission was established.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 1987, two Chinese military attachés working on behalf of the PLA's 2nd Department at the Chinese Embassy in Washington were caught soliciting and attempting to receive supposedly classified documents from the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a> (NSA) given them by an <a href="/wiki/Undercover_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Undercover operation">undercover FBI agent</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_restaurant" title="Chinese restaurant">Chinese restaurant</a> not far from <a href="/wiki/J._Edgar_Hoover_Building" title="J. Edgar Hoover Building">FBI headquarters</a>. Protected by diplomatic immunity, the two agents, Hou Desheng and Zhang Weichu were asked to leave the country and did so "after finishing their tenures in the United States" according to the Chinese Consulate General in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, Chinese Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/Liu_Chaoying" title="Liu Chaoying">Liu Chaoying</a>, an executive at <a href="/wiki/China_Aerospace_International_Holdings" title="China Aerospace International Holdings">China Aerospace International Holdings</a> <a href="/wiki/Princelings" title="Princelings">princeling</a> daughter of <a href="/wiki/Liu_Huaqing" title="Liu Huaqing">Admiral Liu Huaqing</a> ("Father of the Chinese Navy", former <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="Commander of the People's Liberation Army Navy">Navy Commander-in-Chief</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission">Vice-Chairman of the CMC</a>, and member of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo Standing Committee</a>) introduced <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwanese</a>-born <a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">naturalized</a> American <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Chung" title="Johnny Chung">Johnny Chung</a> to the then head of the PLA's 2nd Department <a href="/wiki/Ji_Shengde" title="Ji Shengde">Major General Ji Shengde</a>, the princeling son of <a href="/wiki/Ji_Pengfei" title="Ji Pengfei">Ji Pengfei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China">China's foreign minister</a> during <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> Richard Nixon's <a href="/wiki/1972_visit_by_Richard_Nixon_to_China" title="1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China">visit to China</a> in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-chung_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chung-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-son_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-son-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WaPo_profile_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo_profile-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In violation of U.S. <a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance" title="Campaign finance">campaign finance laws</a>, Ji provided Chung $300,000 <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a> of 2nd Department funds to donate to the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a> (DNC) in support of <a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">incumbent</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">President Bill Clinton's</a> <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996 election</a> campaign and told him "We like your president very much. We would like to see him reelect [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>]. I will give you $300,000 US dollars. You can give it to the president and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> [<i>sic</i>] Party."<sup id="cite_ref-welike_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welike-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After providing testimony to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a> and a <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House</a> Committee, Chung was eventually convicted of <a href="/wiki/Bank_fraud" title="Bank fraud">bank fraud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tax_evasion" title="Tax evasion">tax evasion</a>, and two <a href="/wiki/Misdemeanor" title="Misdemeanor">misdemeanor</a> counts of conspiring to violate <a href="/wiki/Election_law" title="Election law">election law</a> in one of the more prominent cases of the <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_campaign_finance_controversy" title="1996 United States campaign finance controversy">1996 campaign finance controversy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-justice1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-justice1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both the Chinese government and Liu Chaoying flatly denied the accusations and faced no apparent consequences from the incident. <a href="/wiki/Ji_Shengde" title="Ji Shengde">Ji</a>, however, was quietly reassigned from his role as director of the 2nd Department to a lower position at a military research center.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ji's exact role or whether he was authorized to spend the Department's money on Clinton's campaign were never clarified.<sup id="cite_ref-liudenial_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liudenial-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1999, Chinese citizen Yao Yi, who was in the employ of the PLA's 2nd Department, was arrested by U.S. federal agents for attempting to smuggle back to China <a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">fiber-optic</a> <a href="/wiki/Gyroscope" title="Gyroscope">gyroscopes</a> vital to <a href="/wiki/Missile_guidance" title="Missile guidance">missile guidance systems</a> with his Chinese-Canadian associate Collin Xu.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:342_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:342-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the U.S. had cut off transfers of fiber-optic gyroscopes to China in an effort to stem the nation's rapid missile developments, Yao Yi twice attempted in May 1998 to file to transfer the gyroscopes to China and was twice denied by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a>. Yi then allied with Collin Xu to request the desired gyroscopes from the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> defense contractor Fibersense Technology Corporation in <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Massachusetts" title="Canton, Massachusetts">Canton, MA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aware of the current <a href="/wiki/Export_control" title="Export control">export controls</a> on fiber-optic gyroscopes transfers to China, a federal complaint was filed leading the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Customs_Service" title="United States Customs Service">Customs Service</a> in collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> to set up a <a href="/wiki/Sting_operation" title="Sting operation">sting operation</a> involving a <a href="/wiki/Dummy_corporation" title="Dummy corporation">dummy corporation</a> from which Yi and Xu would later attempt to purchase the same gyroscopes, unaware that all but one purchased gyroscope was fake.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Xu had been arrested two weeks later in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, Yi was arrested while attending a conference on fiber optics in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a> claiming to be working on behalf of the Beijing firm Lions Photonics and that the gyroscopes were intended to be used by a Chinese university working on a railroad project. A federal official anonymously joked that using those fiber-optic gyroscopes with <a href="/wiki/Thermographic_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermographic camera">infrared sensors</a> on a railroad project "would be like flying an <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-14_Tomcat" title="Grumman F-14 Tomcat">F-14</a> to the grocery store."<sup id="cite_ref-:5_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yi's arrest occurred just hours after the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton administration</a> had decided in a major decision to prevent <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Electronics" title="Hughes Electronics">Hughes Electronics</a> from exporting a $450 million USD <a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">communications satellite</a> to an organization with links to the People's Liberation Army fearing the technology would improve the accuracy of Chinese missiles. News of Yi's arrest took place while <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a> was visiting Beijing. Yi was escorted to a nearby <a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">federal court</a> in San Diego where he agreed to be transferred to Boston for trial. Both Yao Yi and Collin Xu were sentenced to 30 months in prison and 36 months supervised release.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2000, head of PLA's 2nd Department Major General Ji Shengde was convicted for <a href="/wiki/Embezzlement" title="Embezzlement">embezzlement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">bribery</a> in, what was at the time, one of China's most politically sensitive <a href="/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption">corruption</a> cases.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The case, unrelated to his prior involvement in illegally donating to President Clinton's reelection, stemmed from Ji's acceptance of bribes from China's most-wanted fugitive, <a href="/wiki/Lai_Changxing" title="Lai Changxing">Lai Changxing</a>, and embezzlement of millions of dollars from military-run corporations, all while occupying the vital <a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">national security</a> post of director of the PLA's 2nd Department.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The case, which removed a significant number of senior government officials, led to Lai's flee to <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> where he was detained and extradited to China in 2011 on the agreement he wouldn't be executed and was sentenced to life imprisonment in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ji's charges included embezzlement of funds appropriated for military-run corporations through investments in the stock market and real estate.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 2007, an operative of the 2nd Department tricked a cleared American intelligence analyst into providing classified information on planned weapons sales to Taiwan. The Taiwanese-born naturalized American citizen Tai Shen Kuo who had been living as a furniture salesman in Louisiana for more than 30 years convinced <a href="/wiki/Gregg_Bergersen" title="Gregg Bergersen">Gregg W. Bergersen</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Security_clearance" title="Security clearance">cleared</a> <a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">weapons systems</a> policy analyst and director of <a href="/wiki/C4IS" class="mw-redirect" title="C4IS">C4ISR</a> programs at the United States' <a href="/wiki/Defense_Security_Cooperation_Agency" title="Defense Security Cooperation Agency">Defense Security Cooperation Agency</a> (DSCA), to share information on all planned sale of weapons and military technology to Taiwan for the next five years and details of Taiwan's Po Sheng communications and defense systems thinking he was providing the information to the Republic of China though Kuo forwarded all the information back to the 2nd Department. In a video shot by a concealed FBI camera within Bergersen's vehicle and published by <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>' <i>60 Minutes</i> in 2010, Bergersen said to Kuo "I'm very, very, very reticent to let you have it because it's all classified, but I will let you see it. You can take all the notes you want, but if it ever fell into the wrong hands, and I know it's not going to, but if it ever, then I would be fired for sure. I'd go to jail, because I violated all the rules." In the same video, Kuo is shown placing around $2,000 USD in Bergersen's breast pocket. The FBI only learned of the case while investigating another instance of Chinese espionage. In 2008, Bergersen was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment and Kuo to 15 years.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, Taiwan sentenced retired <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Air_Force" title="Republic of China Air Force">Republic of China Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">Lieutenant Colonel</a> Yuan Hsiao-feng to 12 life sentences for providing the 2nd Department <a href="/wiki/Classified_information" title="Classified information">classified military information</a> for over six years. Chen Wen-jen, a Taiwanese Air Force <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">lieutenant</a> discharged in 1992, had moved to <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a>, married his wife and settled there. After Chen started a business, he was quickly recruited by the 2nd Department of the General Staff Department. At the behest of the 2nd Department, Chen returned to Taiwan and recruited his old associate, Yuan, the both of which continued to pass classified information on Taiwanese combat aircraft back to the 2nd Department on <a href="/wiki/Flash_drive" title="Flash drive">flash drives</a>. Chen received a twenty-year prison sentence instead of the mandatory <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">life sentences</a> for military servicemembers.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, Estonia charged a High-level scientist Tarmo Kõuts, with specialization in marine research. He was working at a NATO research institution focused on maritime and submarine research and had spied for China's Intelligence Bureau of JSDCMS since 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Directors">Directors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Directors of the Intelligence Bureau </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th>Period </th> <th>English name </th> <th>Chinese name </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>1932 </td> <td>Wu Xiuquan </td> <td>伍修权 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>1932–1938 </td> <td>Luo Ruiqing </td> <td>罗瑞卿 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>1938–1946 </td> <td>Kang Shen </td> <td>康生 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>1948–1949 </td> <td>Li Kenong </td> <td>李克农 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>1950–1953 </td> <td>Li Kenong<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Director_of_the_Liaison_Department_attached_to_the_General_Intelligence_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_chaired_by_Mao_Zedong;_became_head_of_new_General_Intelligence_Department_that_was_dissolved_while_PLA2_was_directed_by_Liu_Zhijian"><b><a href="#ref_Director_of_the_Liaison_Department_attached_to_the_General_Intelligence_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_chaired_by_Mao_Zedong;_became_head_of_new_General_Intelligence_Department_that_was_dissolved_while_PLA2_was_directed_by_Liu_Zhijian">^</a></b></span> </td> <td>李克农 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>1950–1951 </td> <td>Liu Zhijian </td> <td>刘志坚 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>1952–1954 </td> <td>Yan Kuiyao </td> <td>阎揆要 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td>1954–1967 </td> <td>Liu Shaowen </td> <td>刘少文 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td>1967–1969 </td> <td>Shen Shazi </td> <td>渗砂子 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td>1970–1975 </td> <td>Zhang Ting </td> <td>张廷 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td>1975–1978 </td> <td>Peng Mingzhi </td> <td>彭明治 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td>1978–1982 </td> <td>Liu Guangfu </td> <td>刘光甫 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td>1982–1985 </td> <td>Zhang Zhongru </td> <td>张中如 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td>1988 </td> <td>Wu Jinfa<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_may_have_been_Cao_Xin_(曹信)"><b><a href="#ref_may_have_been_Cao_Xin_(曹信)">^</a></b></span> </td> <td>戊进法 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td>1988–1992 </td> <td>Xiong Guangkai </td> <td>熊光楷 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td>1993–1995 </td> <td>Luo Yudong </td> <td>罗宇栋 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td>1995–1999 </td> <td>Ji Shengde<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Ji_Shengde_was_jailed_for_corruption"><b><a href="#ref_Ji_Shengde_was_jailed_for_corruption">^</a></b></span> </td> <td>姬胜德 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td>1999–2001 </td> <td>Chen Kaizeng </td> <td>陈开曾 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td>2001–2003 </td> <td>Luo Yudong </td> <td>罗宇栋 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td>2004–2006 </td> <td>Huang Baifu </td> <td>黄柏富 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td>2006–2007 </td> <td>Chen Xiaogong </td> <td>陈小功 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td>2007–2011 </td> <td>Yang Hui </td> <td>杨晖 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td>2011–2015 </td> <td>Chen Youyi </td> <td>陈友谊 </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td>2015 </td> <td>Wang Xiao </td> <td>王肖 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <td>2016– </td> <td>Chen Youyi </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4">Source: Roger Faligot's <i>Chinese Spies</i><sup id="cite_ref-:342_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:342-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMattis2015" class="citation news cs1">Mattis, Peter (29 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warontherocks.com/2015/12/chinas-military-intelligence-system-is-changing/">"China's Military Intelligence System is Changing"</a>. <i>War on the Rocks</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220714152720/https://warontherocks.com/2015/12/chinas-military-intelligence-system-is-changing/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=War+on+the+Rocks&rft.atitle=China%27s+Military+Intelligence+System+is+Changing&rft.date=2015-12-29&rft.aulast=Mattis&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwarontherocks.com%2F2015%2F12%2Fchinas-military-intelligence-system-is-changing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaundersWuthnow2016" class="citation journal cs1">Saunders, Phillip C.; Wuthnow, Joel (1 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/jfq/jfq-82/jfq-82_68-75_Saunders-Wuthnow.pdf">"China's Goldwater-Nichols? Assessing PLA Organizational Reforms"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Joint Force Quarterly</i> (82). <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_University" title="National Defense University">National Defense University</a> Press: 69. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121090056/http://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/jfq/jfq-82/jfq-82_68-75_Saunders-Wuthnow.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 21 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Joint+Force+Quarterly&rft.atitle=China%27s+Goldwater-Nichols%3F+Assessing+PLA+Organizational+Reforms&rft.issue=82&rft.pages=69&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=Phillip+C.&rft.au=Wuthnow%2C+Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fndupress.ndu.edu%2FPortals%2F68%2FDocuments%2Fjfq%2Fjfq-82%2Fjfq-82_68-75_Saunders-Wuthnow.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dia.mil/Portals/110/Images/News/Military_Powers_Publications/China_Military_Power_FINAL_5MB_20190103.pdf">China Military Power: Modernizing a Force to Fight and Win</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Agency" title="Defense Intelligence Agency">Defense Intelligence Agency</a>. 2019. p. 99. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220415144544/https://www.dia.mil/portals/110/images/news/military_powers_publications/china_military_power_final_5mb_20190103.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-04-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=China+Military+Power%3A+Modernizing+a+Force+to+Fight+and+Win&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Defense+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dia.mil%2FPortals%2F110%2FImages%2FNews%2FMilitary_Powers_Publications%2FChina_Military_Power_FINAL_5MB_20190103.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEftimiades2020" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Eftimiades" title="Nicholas Eftimiades">Eftimiades, Nicholas</a> (22 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://breakingdefense.com/2020/10/the-5-faces-of-chinese-espionage-the-worlds-first-digital-authoritarian-state/?_ga=2.78177236.1723115598.1603239368-894082404.1602384852">"The 5 Faces Of Chinese Espionage: The World's First 'Digital Authoritarian State'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>breakingdefense.com</i>. Breaking Defense. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201026204130/https://breakingdefense.com/2020/10/the-5-faces-of-chinese-espionage-the-worlds-first-digital-authoritarian-state/?_ga=2.78177236.1723115598.1603239368-894082404.1602384852">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=breakingdefense.com&rft.atitle=The+5+Faces+Of+Chinese+Espionage%3A+The+World%27s+First+%27Digital+Authoritarian+State%27&rft.date=2020-10-22&rft.aulast=Eftimiades&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbreakingdefense.com%2F2020%2F10%2Fthe-5-faces-of-chinese-espionage-the-worlds-first-digital-authoritarian-state%2F%3F_ga%3D2.78177236.1723115598.1603239368-894082404.1602384852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCostello2016" class="citation report cs1">Costello, John (9 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/transcripts/June%2009%2C%202016%20Hearing%20Transcript.pdf">Chinese Intelligence Agencies: Reform and Future</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). pp. 11–12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220810135200/https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/transcripts/June%2009,%202016%20Hearing%20Transcript.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 10 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Chinese+Intelligence+Agencies%3A+Reform+and+Future&rft.pages=11-12&rft.date=2016-06-09&rft.aulast=Costello&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uscc.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ftranscripts%2FJune%252009%252C%25202016%2520Hearing%2520Transcript.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattis2016" class="citation news cs1">Mattis, Peter (30 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://international.thenewslens.com/article/57998">"PLA 2.0: China's Military Intelligence Plays Catch-Up"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_News_Lens" title="The News Lens">The News Lens</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220627175731/https://international.thenewslens.com/article/57998">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+News+Lens&rft.atitle=PLA+2.0%3A+China%27s+Military+Intelligence+Plays+Catch-Up&rft.date=2016-12-30&rft.aulast=Mattis&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finternational.thenewslens.com%2Farticle%2F57998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCostello2018" class="citation journal cs1">Costello, John (October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/stratperspective/china/china-perspectives_13.pdf">"China's Strategic Support Force: A Force for a New Era"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, China Cyber and Intelligence Studies Institute. <i>China Strategic Perspectives</i> (13). <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_University" title="National Defense University">National Defense University</a> Press: 31. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220621120346/https://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/stratperspective/china/china-perspectives_13.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-06-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Strategic+Perspectives&rft.atitle=China%27s+Strategic+Support+Force%3A+A+Force+for+a+New+Era&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=31&rft.date=2018-10&rft.aulast=Costello&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fndupress.ndu.edu%2FPortals%2F68%2FDocuments%2Fstratperspective%2Fchina%2Fchina-perspectives_13.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastonHsiao2013" class="citation report cs1">Easton, Ian M.; Hsiao, L.C. Russell (11 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140503063953/https://project2049.net/documents/uav_easton_hsiao.pdf">The Chinese People's Liberation Army's Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Project: Organizational Capacities and Operational Capabilities</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Project_2049_Institute" title="Project 2049 Institute">Project 2049 Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://project2049.net/documents/uav_easton_hsiao.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Chinese+People%27s+Liberation+Army%27s+Unmanned+Aerial+Vehicle+Project%3A+Organizational+Capacities+and+Operational+Capabilities&rft.pub=Project+2049+Institute&rft.date=2013-03-11&rft.aulast=Easton&rft.aufirst=Ian+M.&rft.au=Hsiao%2C+L.C.+Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fproject2049.net%2Fdocuments%2Fuav_easton_hsiao.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.sohu.com/n/462219379/">"苏广辉任军委联参专员 曾为中国驻泰使馆武官"</a> [Su Guanghui served as the Joint Staff Commissioner of the Military Commission and was the military attache of the Chinese Embassy in Thailand]. <i>Sohu</i> (in Chinese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220710043417/https://m.sohu.com/n/462219379/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-07-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sohu&rft.atitle=%E8%8B%8F%E5%B9%BF%E8%BE%89%E4%BB%BB%E5%86%9B%E5%A7%94%E8%81%94%E5%8F%82%E4%B8%93%E5%91%98+%E6%9B%BE%E4%B8%BA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%A9%BB%E6%B3%B0%E4%BD%BF%E9%A6%86%E6%AD%A6%E5%AE%98&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.sohu.com%2Fn%2F462219379%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sohu.com/20060802/n244588852.shtml">"中国驻哥伦比亚等国使馆举行八一建军节招待会"</a> [Chinese embassies in Colombia and other countries hold receptions on August 1st Army Day]. <i><a href="/wiki/Sohu" title="Sohu">Sohu</a> News</i> (in Chinese). 2 August 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220710043416/http://news.sohu.com/20060802/n244588852.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sohu+News&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%A9%BB%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E7%AD%89%E5%9B%BD%E4%BD%BF%E9%A6%86%E4%B8%BE%E8%A1%8C%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%80%E5%BB%BA%E5%86%9B%E8%8A%82%E6%8B%9B%E5%BE%85%E4%BC%9A&rft.date=2006-08-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sohu.com%2F20060802%2Fn244588852.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.lmjx.net/2015/201506/2015060308461736.shtml">"李金章大使视察徐工巴西制造表示：徐工是我见过巴西当地规模最大的中国制造企业"</a> [Ambassador Li Jinzhang inspected XCMG's manufacturing in Brazil and said: XCMG is the largest local Chinese manufacturing company I have ever seen in Brazil]. <i>LMJX Information Center</i> (in Chinese). 3 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231107201429/https://news.lmjx.net/2015/201506/2015060308461736.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LMJX+Information+Center&rft.atitle=%E6%9D%8E%E9%87%91%E7%AB%A0%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E8%A7%86%E5%AF%9F%E5%BE%90%E5%B7%A5%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0%E8%A1%A8%E7%A4%BA%EF%BC%9A%E5%BE%90%E5%B7%A5%E6%98%AF%E6%88%91%E8%A7%81%E8%BF%87%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%BD%93%E5%9C%B0%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A&rft.date=2015-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.lmjx.net%2F2015%2F201506%2F2015060308461736.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.takefoto.cn/viewnews-2479111.html">"第二届京津冀徽商精英年会暨建筑产业链发展前沿峰会在京圆满召开"</a> [The 2nd Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Huizhou Merchants Elite Annual Meeting and Frontier Summit of Construction Industry Chain Development was successfully held in Beijing]. <i>Beiwan New Vision Network</i> (in Chinese). 30 April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220710045213/https://www.takefoto.cn/viewnews-2479111.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Beiwan+New+Vision+Network&rft.atitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B1%8A%E4%BA%AC%E6%B4%A5%E5%86%80%E5%BE%BD%E5%95%86%E7%B2%BE%E8%8B%B1%E5%B9%B4%E4%BC%9A%E6%9A%A8%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A%E9%93%BE%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%89%8D%E6%B2%BF%E5%B3%B0%E4%BC%9A%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%AC%E5%9C%86%E6%BB%A1%E5%8F%AC%E5%BC%80&rft.date=2021-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.takefoto.cn%2Fviewnews-2479111.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattis2018" class="citation news cs1">Mattis, Peter (January 30, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warontherocks.com/2018/01/chinas-three-warfares-perspective/">"China's 'Three Warfares' in Perspective"</a>. <i>War on the Rocks</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191026030649/https://warontherocks.com/2018/01/chinas-three-warfares-perspective/">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=War+on+the+Rocks&rft.atitle=China%27s+%27Three+Warfares%27+in+Perspective&rft.date=2018-01-30&rft.aulast=Mattis&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwarontherocks.com%2F2018%2F01%2Fchinas-three-warfares-perspective%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:342-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:342_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:342_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:342_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:342_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:342_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:342_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaligot2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Faligot" title="Roger Faligot">Faligot, Roger</a> (June 2019). <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Spies:_From_Chairman_Mao_to_Xi_Jinping" title="Chinese Spies: From Chairman Mao to Xi Jinping"><i>Chinese Spies: From Chairman Mao to Xi Jinping</i></a>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Natasha_Lehrer" title="Natasha Lehrer">Lehrer, Natasha</a>. <a href="/wiki/C._Hurst_%26_Co." title="C. Hurst & Co.">C. Hurst & Co.</a> <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78738-096-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78738-096-7"><bdi>978-1-78738-096-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1104999295">1104999295</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Spies%3A+From+Chairman+Mao+to+Xi+Jinping&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.&rft.date=2019-06&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1104999295&rft.isbn=978-1-78738-096-7&rft.aulast=Faligot&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gérald Arboit, "The Chinese intelligence services in Africa", in <i>Handbook on China and Globalization</i>, pp. 305-321, edited by Huiyao Wang and Lu Miao, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2188861/maoism-global-history-how-china-exported-revolution">Maoism: A Global History – how China exported revolution around the world</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201107231352/https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2188861/maoism-global-history-how-china-exported-revolution">Archived</a> 2020-11-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>South China Morning Post</i>, 8 March 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEftimiades1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Eftimiades" title="Nicholas Eftimiades">Eftimiades, Nicholas</a> (1994). <i>Chinese Intelligence Operations</i> (1 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 17, 99–102. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315037448">10.4324/9781315037448</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-03744-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-03744-8"><bdi>978-1-315-03744-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Intelligence+Operations&rft.pages=17%2C+99-102&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315037448&rft.isbn=978-1-315-03744-8&rft.aulast=Eftimiades&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattis2016" class="citation news cs1">Mattis, Peter (December 5, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamestown.org/program/modernizing-military-intelligence-playing-catch-part-one/">"Modernizing Military Intelligence: Playing Catch-Up (Part One)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jamestown_Foundation" title="Jamestown Foundation">Jamestown Foundation</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112030805/https://jamestown.org/program/modernizing-military-intelligence-playing-catch-part-one/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jamestown+Foundation&rft.atitle=Modernizing+Military+Intelligence%3A+Playing+Catch-Up+%28Part+One%29&rft.date=2016-12-05&rft.aulast=Mattis&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjamestown.org%2Fprogram%2Fmodernizing-military-intelligence-playing-catch-part-one%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattisKania2016" class="citation news cs1">Mattis, Peter; Kania, Elsa (December 21, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamestown.org/program/modernizing-military-intelligence-playing-catchup-part-two/">"Modernizing Military Intelligence: Playing Catchup (Part Two)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jamestown_Foundation" title="Jamestown Foundation">Jamestown Foundation</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001210702/https://jamestown.org/program/modernizing-military-intelligence-playing-catchup-part-two/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jamestown+Foundation&rft.atitle=Modernizing+Military+Intelligence%3A+Playing+Catchup+%28Part+Two%29&rft.date=2016-12-21&rft.aulast=Mattis&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Kania%2C+Elsa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjamestown.org%2Fprogram%2Fmodernizing-military-intelligence-playing-catchup-part-two%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShenonTimes1987" class="citation news cs1">Shenon, Philip; Times, Special To the New York (1987-12-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/31/world/2-chinese-depart-in-espionage-case.html">"2 CHINESE DEPART IN ESPIONAGE CASE"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220710105525/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/31/world/2-chinese-depart-in-espionage-case.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-07-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=2+CHINESE+DEPART+IN+ESPIONAGE+CASE&rft.date=1987-12-31&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Shenon&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.au=Times%2C+Special+To+the+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F12%2F31%2Fworld%2F2-chinese-depart-in-espionage-case.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolf2003" class="citation report cs1">Wolf, Hon. Frank R. (8 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-2003-10-08/pdf/CREC-2003-10-08-pt1-PgE2002.pdf">Congressional Record: China's Spying</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220710105602/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-2003-10-08/pdf/CREC-2003-10-08-pt1-PgE2002.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-07-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Congressional+Record%3A+China%27s+Spying&rft.date=2003-10-08&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Hon.+Frank+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FCREC-2003-10-08%2Fpdf%2FCREC-2003-10-08-pt1-PgE2002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chung-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chung_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson, David and Sun, Lena H., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/liu052498.htm">Liu's Deals With Chung: An Intercontinental Puzzle</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170818222136/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/liu052498.htm">Archived</a> 2017-08-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Washington Post</i>, May 24, 1998. Retrieved 10 November 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-son-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-son_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Derbyshire, John, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment072700c.html">"Lips and Teeth"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070523033411/http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment072700c.html">Archived</a> 2007-05-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></i>, July 27, 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WaPo_profile-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WaPo_profile_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/players/chung.htm">"Campaign Finance Key Player: Johnny Chung"</a>. <i>Washingtonpost.com</i>. May 21, 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220423092225/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/players/chung.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 23, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washingtonpost.com&rft.atitle=Campaign+Finance+Key+Player%3A+Johnny+Chung&rft.date=1998-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fpolitics%2Fspecial%2Fcampfin%2Fplayers%2Fchung.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-welike-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-welike_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnston, David, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/12/us/committee-told-of-beijing-cash-for-democrats.html">"Committee Told Of Beijing Cash For Democrats "</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912201037/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/12/us/committee-told-of-beijing-cash-for-democrats.html">Archived</a> 2017-09-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>New York Times</i>, May 12, 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-justice1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-justice1_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2001/January/017crm.htm">"James Riady Pleads Guilty"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051129095054/http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2001/January/017crm.htm">Archived</a> 2005-11-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Department of Justice, press release, January 11, 2001, Retrieved: April 14, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEckholm2000" class="citation news cs1">Eckholm, Erik (23 December 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Ex-Chinese-Spy-Boss-Sent-to-Jail-Bribery-2689620.php">"Ex-Chinese Spy Boss Sent to Jail / Bribery conviction linked to major smuggler"</a>. <i>SF Gate</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220710075135/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Ex-Chinese-Spy-Boss-Sent-to-Jail-Bribery-2689620.php">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SF+Gate&rft.atitle=Ex-Chinese+Spy+Boss+Sent+to+Jail+%2F+Bribery+conviction+linked+to+major+smuggler&rft.date=2000-12-23&rft.aulast=Eckholm&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2FEx-Chinese-Spy-Boss-Sent-to-Jail-Bribery-2689620.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-liudenial-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-liudenial_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080524033516/http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/05/21/china.money/">"Chinese Aerospace Official Denies Giving To Dems"</a>. CNN. May 21, 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/05/21/china.money/">the original</a> on May 24, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chinese+Aerospace+Official+Denies+Giving+To+Dems&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=1998-05-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2FALLPOLITICS%2F1998%2F05%2F21%2Fchina.money%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_29-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanger1999" class="citation news cs1">Sanger, David E. (1 March 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/01/world/us-says-it-caught-a-chinese-smuggler-seeking-gyroscopes-that-can-guide-missiles.html">"U.S. Says It Caught a Chinese Smuggler Seeking Gyroscopes That Can Guide Missiles"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220710084831/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/01/world/us-says-it-caught-a-chinese-smuggler-seeking-gyroscopes-that-can-guide-missiles.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+Says+It+Caught+a+Chinese+Smuggler+Seeking+Gyroscopes+That+Can+Guide+Missiles&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F03%2F01%2Fworld%2Fus-says-it-caught-a-chinese-smuggler-seeking-gyroscopes-that-can-guide-missiles.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack2001" class="citation news cs1">Black, John (30 April 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.learnexportcompliance.com/prc-nationals-gets-prison-for-illegal-military-export/">"PRC Nationals Gets Prison for Illegal Military Export"</a>. <i>Export Compliance Training Institute</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231107202931/https://www.learnexportcompliance.com/prc-nationals-gets-prison-for-illegal-military-export/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Export+Compliance+Training+Institute&rft.atitle=PRC+Nationals+Gets+Prison+for+Illegal+Military+Export&rft.date=2001-04-30&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.learnexportcompliance.com%2Fprc-nationals-gets-prison-for-illegal-military-export%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/d9728c67aa1acedf3e8c3e24a58252bd">"Man Sentenced on Arms Export Charge"</a>. <i>AP News</i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 9 November 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220710090223/https://apnews.com/article/d9728c67aa1acedf3e8c3e24a58252bd">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Man+Sentenced+on+Arms+Export+Charge&rft.date=2000-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fd9728c67aa1acedf3e8c3e24a58252bd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.mit.edu/1.265/www/Export%20Penalty%20Cases.pdf">"MSR Visual Compliance: Export Penalties"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a></i>. 13 December 2002. p. 10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623181133/https://web.mit.edu/1.265/www/Export%20Penalty%20Cases.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 23 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Massachusetts+Institute+of+Technology&rft.atitle=MSR+Visual+Compliance%3A+Export+Penalties&rft.pages=10&rft.date=2002-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2F1.265%2Fwww%2FExport%2520Penalty%2520Cases.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deseret.com/2000/12/23/19545798/china-reportedly-sentences-ex-intelligence-chief-to-prison">"China reportedly sentences ex-intelligence chief to prison"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deseret_News" title="Deseret News">Deseret News</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a>. 23 December 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220710075136/https://www.deseret.com/2000/12/23/19545798/china-reportedly-sentences-ex-intelligence-chief-to-prison">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=China+reportedly+sentences+ex-intelligence+chief+to+prison&rft.date=2000-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseret.com%2F2000%2F12%2F23%2F19545798%2Fchina-reportedly-sentences-ex-intelligence-chief-to-prison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAugust2007" class="citation book cs1">August, Oliver (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insideredmansion0000augu_j6l1"><i>Inside the Red Mansion: On the Trail of China's Most Wanted Man</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. pp. 66, 171–178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-71498-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-71498-8"><bdi>978-0-618-71498-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+the+Red+Mansion%3A+On+the+Trail+of+China%27s+Most+Wanted+Man&rft.pages=66%2C+171-178&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-618-71498-8&rft.aulast=August&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finsideredmansion0000augu_j6l1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2000" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Craig S. (1 August 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/01/world/senior-chinese-official-sentenced-to-death-in-corruption-case.html">"Senior Chinese Official Sentenced to Death in Corruption Case"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220710075135/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/01/world/senior-chinese-official-sentenced-to-death-in-corruption-case.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Senior+Chinese+Official+Sentenced+to+Death+in+Corruption+Case&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Craig+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F08%2F01%2Fworld%2Fsenior-chinese-official-sentenced-to-death-in-corruption-case.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-18113026">"China jails smuggler Lai Changxing for life"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. May 18, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211122125912/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-18113026">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=China+jails+smuggler+Lai+Changxing+for+life&rft.date=2012-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-china-18113026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEckholm2000" class="citation news cs1">Eckholm, Erik (23 December 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/23/world/china-widening-crackdown-on-corruption.html">"China Widening Crackdown on Corruption"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220710075136/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/23/world/china-widening-crackdown-on-corruption.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=China+Widening+Crackdown+on+Corruption&rft.date=2000-12-23&rft.aulast=Eckholm&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F12%2F23%2Fworld%2Fchina-widening-crackdown-on-corruption.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGertz2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gertz" title="Bill Gertz">Gertz, Bill</a> (1 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/mar/01/chinese-spy-buy-caught-on-video/">"Chinese spy buy caught on surveillance video"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220710105602/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/mar/01/chinese-spy-buy-caught-on-video/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft.atitle=Chinese+spy+buy+caught+on+surveillance+video&rft.date=2010-03-01&rft.aulast=Gertz&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2010%2Fmar%2F01%2Fchinese-spy-buy-caught-on-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJVY69cQq1A"><i>60 Minutes Archive: Stealing America's Secrets</i></a> (Television production). <a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a>. 6 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220710105525/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJVY69cQq1A">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=60+Minutes+Archive%3A+Stealing+America%27s+Secrets&rft.pub=60+Minutes&rft.date=2021-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DKJVY69cQq1A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2008" class="citation news cs1">Lewis, Neil A. (2008-07-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/12/washington/12spy.html">"Former Analyst Sentenced to Prison in Chinese Spy Case"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202050711/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/12/washington/12spy.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-12-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Former+Analyst+Sentenced+to+Prison+in+Chinese+Spy+Case&rft.date=2008-07-12&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Neil+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F07%2F12%2Fwashington%2F12spy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattis2019" class="citation book cs1">Mattis, Peter L. (2019). <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Espionage" title="Chinese Communist Espionage"><i>Chinese Communist Espionage : From the Revolution to the People's Republic</i></a>. Matthew J. Brazil. Annapolis, Maryland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68247-304-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68247-304-7"><bdi>978-1-68247-304-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1117319580">1117319580</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Communist+Espionage+%3A+From+the+Revolution+to+the+People%27s+Republic&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1117319580&rft.isbn=978-1-68247-304-7&rft.aulast=Mattis&rft.aufirst=Peter+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole2013" class="citation news cs1">Cole, J. Michael (7 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/02/07/2003554439">"Former officer gets 12 life terms in China spy case"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Taipei_Times" title="Taipei Times">Taipei Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220710105602/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/02/07/2003554439">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=Former+officer+gets+12+life+terms+in+China+spy+case&rft.date=2013-02-07&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=J.+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ftaiwan%2Farchives%2F2013%2F02%2F07%2F2003554439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoonemma2021" class="citation news cs1">Roonemma, Holger (2021-03-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/top-nato-scientist-with-security-clearance-busted-spying-for-china">"Top NATO Scientist With Security Clearance Busted Spying for China"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210319113810/https://www.thedailybeast.com/top-nato-scientist-with-security-clearance-busted-spying-for-china">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-03-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Top+NATO+Scientist+With+Security+Clearance+Busted+Spying+for+China&rft.date=2021-03-19&rft.aulast=Roonemma&rft.aufirst=Holger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Ftop-nato-scientist-with-security-clearance-busted-spying-for-china&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntelligence+Bureau+of+the+Joint+Staff+Department" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_People&#039;s_Liberation_Army" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="Template:People's Liberation Army"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="Template talk:People's Liberation Army"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="Special:EditPage/Template:People's Liberation Army"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_People&#039;s_Liberation_Army" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army.svg/19px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army.svg/29px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="History of the People's Liberation Army">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernization_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="Modernization of the People's Liberation Army">Modernization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_budget_of_China" title="Military budget of China">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_equipment_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Category:Military equipment of the People's Republic of China">Equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_decorations_of_China" title="Template:Military decorations of China">Decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_generals_of_China" title="List of generals of China">Generals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="China and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_information_operations_and_information_warfare" title="Chinese information operations and information warfare">Information operations and information warfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Ground_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Ground Force">Ground</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Structure_of_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Ground_Force_since_2017" title="Template:Structure of People's Liberation Army Ground Force since 2017">Structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Ground_Force" title="List of equipment of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force">Equipment</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infantry_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infantry of the People's Liberation Army (page does not exist)">Infantry</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9B%E6%AD%A5%E5%85%B5" class="extiw" title="zh:中国人民解放军步兵">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armored_forces_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armored forces of the People's Liberation Army (page does not exist)">Armored forces</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9B%E8%A3%85%E7%94%B2%E5%85%B5" class="extiw" title="zh:中国人民解放军装甲兵">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_artillery_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Field artillery of the People's Liberation Army (page does not exist)">Artillery</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9B%E7%82%AE%E5%85%B5" class="extiw" title="zh:中国人民解放军炮兵">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_defense_artillery_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Ground_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air defense artillery of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force (page does not exist)">Air defense</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9B%E9%99%86%E5%86%9B%E9%98%B2%E7%A9%BA%E5%85%B5" class="extiw" title="zh:中国人民解放军陆军防空兵">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Ground_Force_Aviation" title="People's Liberation Army Ground Force Aviation">Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_People%27s_Liberation_Army_aircraft" title="List of active People's Liberation Army aircraft">aircraft</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Liberation_Army_corps_of_engineers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="People's Liberation Army corps of engineers (page does not exist)">Engineers</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%85%B5" class="extiw" title="zh:中国人民解放军工程兵">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Liberation_Army_chemical_defense_forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="People's Liberation Army chemical defense forces (page does not exist)">Chemical defense</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9B%E9%98%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%85%B5" class="extiw" title="zh:中国人民解放军防化兵">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Special_Operations_Forces" title="People's Liberation Army Special Operations Forces">Special operations units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Liberation Army Navy Organization">Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_weaponry_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="Naval weaponry of the People's Liberation Army Navy">Weaponry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_China" title="Naval history of China">History</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Branches: <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy_Surface_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force">Surface</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy_ships" class="mw-redirect" title="List of active People's Liberation Army Navy ships">ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_aircraft_carrier_programme" title="Chinese aircraft carrier programme">aircraft carriers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy_Submarine_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Navy Submarine Force">Submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy_Coastal_Defense_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Navy Coastal Defense Force">Coastal Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Naval_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force">Naval Air</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_People%27s_Liberation_Army_aircraft" title="List of active People's Liberation Army aircraft">aircraft</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy_Marine_Corps" title="People's Liberation Army Navy Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Special_Operations_Forces" title="People's Liberation Army Special Operations Forces">special operations units</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Fleets: <a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Fleet" title="North Sea Fleet">North Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Sea_Fleet" title="East Sea Fleet">East Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sea_Fleet" title="South Sea Fleet">South Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">Air</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation">Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_People%27s_Liberation_Army_aircraft" title="List of active People's Liberation Army aircraft">aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force_airbases" title="List of People's Liberation Army Air Force airbases">airbases</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">Air Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force_Airborne_Corps" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force Airborne Corps">Airborne Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Special_Operations_Forces" title="People's Liberation Army Special Operations Forces">special operations units</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Rocket_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Rocket Force">Rocket</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongfeng_(missile)" title="Dongfeng (missile)">Missile operation units</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Liberation_Army_corps_of_engineers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="People's Liberation Army corps of engineers (page does not exist)">Rocket Force corps of engineers</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%85%B5" class="extiw" title="zh:中国人民解放军工程兵">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Special_Operations_Forces" title="People's Liberation Army Special Operations Forces">Special operations units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Aerospace_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force">Aerospace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Astronaut_Corps" title="People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps">Astronaut Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_astronauts" title="List of Chinese astronauts">astronauts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Deep_Space_Network" title="Chinese Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Cyberspace_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Cyberspace Force">Cyberspace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Cyberspace_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Cyberspace Force">Cyberspace Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Information_Support_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Information Support Force">Information Support</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Information_Support_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Information Support Force">Information Support Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Joint_Logistics_Support_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force">Joint Logistics Support</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Joint_Logistics_Support_Base" title="Wuhan Joint Logistics Support Base">Wuhan Joint Logistics Support Base</a></li> <li>Theater's Joint Logistics Support Centers: <a href="/wiki/Wuxi_Joint_Logistics_Support_Center" title="Wuxi Joint Logistics Support Center">Wuxi</a>; <a href="/wiki/Guilin_Joint_Logistics_Support_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Guilin Joint Logistics Support Center">Guilin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Xining_Joint_Logistics_Support_Center" title="Xining Joint Logistics Support Center">Xining</a>; <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Joint_Logistics_Support_Center" title="Shenyang Joint Logistics Support Center">Shenyang</a>; <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou_Joint_Logistics_Support_Center" title="Zhengzhou Joint Logistics Support Center">Zhengzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.7em"><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military<br /> Commission</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission">Vice-Chairmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="General Office of the Central Military Commission">General Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Staff_Department_(China)" title="Joint Staff Department (China)">Joint Staff</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Intelligence Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guard_Bureau" title="Central Guard Bureau">Guard Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guard_Regiment" title="Central Guard Regiment">Guard Unit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Work_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission">Political Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistic_Support_Department" title="Logistic Support Department">Logistic Support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equipment_Development_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission">Equipment Development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Manned_Space_Agency" title="China Manned Space Agency">Manned Space Agency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_and_Administration_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Training and Administration Department of the Central Military Commission">Training and Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Mobilization_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission">National Defense Mobilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission">Discipline Inspection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Strategic_Planning_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Office for Strategic Planning of the Central Military Commission">Strategic Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Reform_and_Organizational_Structure" title="Office for Reform and Organizational Structure">Reform and Organizational Structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_International_Military_Cooperation_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Office for International Military Cooperation of the Central Military Commission">International Military Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audit_Office_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Audit Office of the Central Military Commission">Audit Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Offices_Administration_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Agency for Offices Administration of the Central Military Commission">Offices Administration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.7em"><a href="/wiki/Theater_command" title="Theater command">Theater <br />Commands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Theater_Command" title="Eastern Theater Command">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Theater_Command" title="Southern Theater Command">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Garrison" title="Hong Kong Garrison">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macao_Garrison" title="Macao Garrison">Macau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Theater_Command" title="Western Theater Command">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Military_District" title="Tibet Military District">Tibet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Theater_Command" title="Northern Theater Command">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Theater_Command" title="Central Theater Command">Central</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.7em">Military regions<br /> (defunct)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Military_Region" title="Shenyang Military Region">Shenyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Military_Region" title="Beijing Military Region">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou_Military_Region" title="Lanzhou Military Region">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan_Military_Region" title="Jinan Military Region">Jinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Military_Region" title="Nanjing Military Region">Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Military_Region" title="Guangzhou Military Region">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Military_Region" title="Chengdu Military Region">Chengdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ranks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranks_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Ground_Force" title="Ranks of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force">Ground Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranks_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="Ranks of the People's Liberation Army Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranks_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="Ranks of the People's Liberation Army Air Force">Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uniform</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xingkong_(camouflage)" title="Xingkong (camouflage)">Xingkong (camouflage)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_07" title="Type 07">Type 07</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_99_(camouflage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 99 (camouflage)">Type 99 (camouflage)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_97_Service_Dress" title="Type 97 Service Dress">Type 97 Service Dress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Academy_of_Military_Sciences" title="People's Liberation Army Academy of Military Sciences">Academy of Military Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_National_Defence_University" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Liberation Army National Defence University">National Defence University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Defense_Technology" title="National University of Defense Technology">National University of Defense Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Command_College_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Liberation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Command College of the Chinese People's Liberation Army">Army Command College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLA_Air_Force_Aviation_University" class="mw-redirect" title="PLA Air Force Aviation University">PLA Air Force Aviation University</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_institutions_of_the_armed_forces_of_China" title="Academic institutions of the armed forces of China">Academic institutions of the armed forces of China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/PLA_Daily" class="mw-redirect" title="PLA Daily">PLA Daily</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/August_First_Film_Studio" title="August First Film Studio">August First Film Studio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CCTV-7" title="CCTV-7">CCTV-7</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Science_of_Military_Strategy" title="The Science of Military Strategy">The Science of Military Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_Defense_White_Paper" title="China's Defense White Paper">Defense White Paper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_China" title="Paramilitary forces of China">Paramilitary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Coast_Guard" title="China Coast Guard">China Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Police_Unit_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Police Unit of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force">Special police units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_Leopard_Commando_Unit" title="Snow Leopard Commando Unit">Snow Leopard Commando Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Eagle_Commando_Unit" title="Mountain Eagle Commando Unit">Mountain Eagle Commando Unit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_(China)" title="Militia (China)">Militia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Militia" title="Maritime Militia">Maritime Militia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Production_and_Construction_Corps" title="Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps">Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contractors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Aero-Technology_Import_%26_Export_Corporation" title="China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation">China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Electronics_Import_%26_Export_Corporation" title="China National Electronics Import & Export Corporation">China National Electronics Import & Export Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norinco" title="Norinco">Norinco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Precision_Machinery_Import-Export_Corporation" title="China Precision Machinery Import-Export Corporation">China Precision Machinery Import-Export Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Shipbuilding_Industry_Corporation" title="China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation">China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poly_Technologies" title="Poly Technologies">Poly Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sons_of_National_Defence" title="Seven Sons of National Defence">Seven Sons of National Defence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of wars involving the People's Republic of China">Armed conflicts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Volunteer_Army" title="People's Volunteer Army">Korean War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Authorized_Defense_Products_Dealer_of_PRC" title="Template:Authorized Defense Products Dealer of PRC">Authorized defense products dealer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_security_and_law_enforcement_in_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:China_national_security" title="Template:China national security"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:China_national_security" title="Template talk:China national security"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:China_national_security" title="Special:EditPage/Template:China national security"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_security_and_law_enforcement_in_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_security_of_China" title="National security of China">National security</a> and <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_China" title="Law enforcement in China">law enforcement</a> in China</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Security Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">National Security Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_(China)" title="Militia (China)">Militia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Militia" title="Maritime Militia">Maritime Militia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Mobilization_Commission" title="National Defense Mobilization Commission">NDMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">United Front Work Department</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">Ministry of State Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of Public Security (China)">Ministry of Public Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Mobilization_Commission" title="National Defense Mobilization Commission">National Defense Mobilization Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (China)">Ministry of National Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">Taiwan Affairs Office</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Supervisory_Commission" title="National Supervisory Commission">Supervisory Commissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">People's Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of Public Security (China)">Public Security PP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_security_bureau_(China)" title="Public security bureau (China)">provincial Public Security Departments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_security_bureau_(China)" title="Public security bureau (China)">city/county Public Security Bureaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Internet_police" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Internet police">Internet police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Immigration_Administration" title="National Immigration Administration">Immigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Immigration_Inspection" title="China Immigration Inspection">Inspection</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">State Security PP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(China)" title="Ministry of Justice (China)">Judicial Administrative PP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_China" title="Judicial system of China">People's Courts Judicial Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Supreme People's Procuratorate">People's Procuratorates Judicial Police</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Coast_Guard" title="China Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Administration_of_Customs" title="General Administration of Customs">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Administration_of_State_Secrets_Protection" title="National Administration of State Secrets Protection">State Secrets Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberspace_Administration_of_China" title="Cyberspace Administration of China">Cyberspace Admin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Administrative_and_Law_Enforcement_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban Administrative and Law Enforcement Bureau">Urban Admin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Hong_Kong" title="Law enforcement in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Safeguarding_National_Security" title="Office for Safeguarding National Security">Office for Safeguarding National Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Safeguarding_National_Security" title="Committee for Safeguarding National Security">Committee for Safeguarding National Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Garrison" title="Hong Kong Garrison">PLA Hong Kong Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Commission_Against_Corruption_(Hong_Kong)" title="Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)">Independent Commission Against Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciplined_Services" title="Disciplined Services">Disciplined Services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Department" title="National Security Department">National Security Department</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Fire_Services_Department" title="Hong Kong Fire Services Department">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correctional_Services_Department" title="Correctional Services Department">Correction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Customs_and_Excise_Department" title="Hong Kong Customs and Excise Department">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Department_(Hong_Kong)" title="Immigration Department (Hong Kong)">Immigration</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Macau">Macau</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macao_Garrison" title="Macao Garrison">PLA Macau Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_Against_Corruption" title="Commission Against Corruption">Commission Against Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Security_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Macau Security Force">Macau Security Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitary_Police_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitary Police Service (page does not exist)">Unitary Police Service</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E7%B8%BD%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="zh:警察總局">zh</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Security_Police_Force" title="Public Security Police Force">Public Security Police</a> (including <i>Migration Service</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macau_Judicial_Police&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macau Judicial Police (page does not exist)">Judicial Police</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="zh:澳門司法警察局">zh</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Services_Bureau" title="Fire Services Bureau">Fire Services Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correctional_Services_Bureau" title="Correctional Services Bureau">Correctional Services Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macau_Customs_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macau Customs Service (page does not exist)">Macau Customs Service</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E6%B5%B7%E9%97%9C" class="extiw" title="zh:澳門海關">zh</a>]</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_to_Suppress_Counterrevolutionaries" title="Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries">Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries</a> (1950–53)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-anti_and_Five-anti_Campaigns" title="Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns">Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns</a> (1951–52)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufan_movement" title="Sufan movement">Sufan movement</a> (1955–57)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Rightist_Campaign" title="Anti-Rightist Campaign">Anti-Rightist Campaign</a> (1957–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_August" title="Red August">Red August</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadian_incident" title="Shadian incident">Shadian incident</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_%22Strike_Hard%22_Anti-crime_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="1983 "Strike Hard" Anti-crime Campaign">1983 "Strike Hard" Anti-crime Campaign</a> (1983–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Persecution of Falun Gong</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/6521_Project" title="6521 Project">6521 Project</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption_campaign_under_Xi_Jinping" title="Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping">Anti-corruption campaign</a> (2012–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_Hard_Campaign_Against_Violent_Terrorism" title="Strike Hard Campaign Against Violent Terrorism">Strike Hard Campaign Against Violent Terrorism</a> (2014–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Fox_Hunt" title="Operation Fox Hunt">Operation Fox Hunt</a> (2014–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/709_crackdown" title="709 crackdown">709 crackdown</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_intelligence_activity_abroad" title="Chinese intelligence activity abroad">Abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_information_operations_and_information_warfare" title="Chinese information operations and information warfare">Information operations and information warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Chinese espionage in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_crackdown_on_dissidents_in_China" title="2011 crackdown on dissidents in China">2011 crackdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/610_Office" title="610 Office">610 Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_jails" title="Black jails">Black jails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_China" title="Capital punishment in China">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_China" title="Censorship in China">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Case_Examination_Group" title="Central Case Examination Group">Central Case Examination Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Servant-Family_Pair_Up" title="Civil Servant-Family Pair Up">Civil Servant-Family Pair Up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_sentence_with_reprieve" title="Death sentence with reprieve">Death sentence with reprieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Cannon" title="Great Cannon">Great Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grid-style_social_management_in_China" title="Grid-style social management in China">Grid-style social management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="2020 Hong Kong national security law"> Hong Kong national security law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hong_Kong_national_security_cases" title="List of Hong Kong national security cases">List of Hong Kong national security cases</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Tibet" title="Human rights in Tibet">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Macau" title="Human rights in Macau">Macao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Hong_Kong" title="Human rights in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_China" title="Internet censorship in China">Internet censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inciting_subversion_of_state_power" title="Inciting subversion of state power">Inciting subversion of state power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_China" title="Judicial system of China">Judicial system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Judiciary of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Macau" title="Judiciary of Macau">Judiciary of Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laogai" title="Laogai">Laogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment_in_China" title="Life imprisonment in China">Life imprisonment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_system_in_China" title="Penal system in China">Penal system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLA_Unit_61398" title="PLA Unit 61398">PLA Unit 61398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_offences_in_China" title="Political offences in China">Political offences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picking_quarrels_and_provoking_trouble" title="Picking quarrels and provoking trouble">Picking quarrels and provoking trouble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re-education_through_labor" title="Re-education through labor">Re-education through labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_Surveillance_at_a_Designated_Location" title="Residential Surveillance at a Designated Location">Residential Surveillance at a Designated Location</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_detention" title="Soft detention">Soft detention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuanggui" title="Shuanggui">Shuanggui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-faced_person" title="Two-faced person">Two-faced person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">Persecution of Uyghurs in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps" title="Xinjiang internment camps">Xinjiang internment camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holistic_security_concept" class="mw-redirect" title="Holistic security concept">Holistic security concept</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_intelligence_agencies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_intelligence_agencies" title="Template:National intelligence agencies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_intelligence_agencies" title="Template talk:National intelligence agencies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_intelligence_agencies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National intelligence agencies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_intelligence_agencies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">National <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_agency" title="Intelligence agency">intelligence agencies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign<br />intelligence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Afghanistan: <a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_Intelligence" title="General Directorate of Intelligence">GDI</a></li> <li>Albania: <a href="/wiki/SHISH" title="SHISH">SHISH</a></li> <li>Algeria: <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement_du_Renseignement_et_de_la_S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Département du Renseignement et de la Sécurité">DRS</a></li> <li>Angola: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Servi%C3%A7o_de_Intelig%C3%AAncia_Externa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serviço de Inteligência Externa (page does not exist)">SIE</a></li> <li>Argentina: <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Intelligence" title="Secretariat of Intelligence">SIDE</a></li> <li>Armenia: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Service_(Armenia)" title="National Security Service (Armenia)">NSS</a></li> <li>Austria: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_and_Intelligence_Directorate" class="mw-redirect" title="State Security and Intelligence Directorate">DSN</a></li> <li>Australia: <a href="/wiki/Australian_Secret_Intelligence_Service" title="Australian Secret Intelligence Service">ASIS</a></li> <li>Azerbaijan: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Azerbaijan)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Azerbaijan)">XKX</a></li> <li>Bahrain: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency_(Bahrain)" title="National Security Agency (Bahrain)">NSA</a></li> <li>Bangladesh: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Intelligence" title="National Security Intelligence">NSI</a></li> <li>Belarus: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus" title="State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus">KGB RB</a></li> <li>Belgium: <a href="/wiki/Belgian_General_Information_and_Security_Service" title="Belgian General Information and Security Service">ADIV/SGRS</a></li> <li>Bosnia and Herzegovina: <a href="/wiki/Intelligence-Security_Agency_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Intelligence-Security Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina">OSA-OBA</a></li> <li>Botswana: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Intelligence_and_Security" title="Directorate of Intelligence and Security">DIS</a></li> <li>Brazil: <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Intelligence_Agency" title="Brazilian Intelligence Agency">ABIN</a></li> <li>Brunei: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brunei_Research_Department_(International)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brunei Research Department (International) (page does not exist)">BRD</a></li> <li>Bulgaria: <a href="/wiki/State_Intelligence_Agency_(Bulgaria)" title="State Intelligence Agency (Bulgaria)">DAR</a></li> <li>Cameroon: <a href="/wiki/Brigade_Mixte_Mobile" title="Brigade Mixte Mobile">BMM</a></li> <li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Security_Intelligence_Service" title="Canadian Security Intelligence Service">CSIS</a></li> <li>Chad: <a href="/wiki/Agence_nationale_de_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9" title="Agence nationale de sécurité">ANS</a></li> <li>Chile: <a href="/wiki/Agencia_Nacional_de_Inteligencia" title="Agencia Nacional de Inteligencia">ANI</a></li> <li>China: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">MSS</a></li> <li>Congo (Democratic Republic of): <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Agency_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Intelligence Agency (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">ANR</a></li> <li>Croatia: <a href="/wiki/Security_and_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Security and Intelligence Agency">SOA</a></li> <li>Cuba: <a href="/wiki/Direcci%C3%B3n_de_Inteligencia" title="Dirección de Inteligencia">DI</a></li> <li>Czech Republic: <a href="/wiki/Office_for_Foreign_Relations_and_Information" title="Office for Foreign Relations and Information">ÚZSI</a></li> <li>Denmark: <a href="/wiki/Danish_Defence_Intelligence_Service" title="Danish Defence Intelligence Service">FE</a></li> <li>Djibouti: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brigade_Sp%C3%A9ciale_de_Recherche_de_la_Gendarmerie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brigade Spéciale de Recherche de la Gendarmerie (page does not exist)">BSRG</a></li> <li>Ecuador: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Secretariat_(Ecuador)" title="National Intelligence Secretariat (Ecuador)">SENAIN</a></li> <li>Egypt: <a href="/wiki/General_Intelligence_Directorate_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="General Intelligence Directorate (Egypt)">Mukhabarat</a></li> <li>Estonia: <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Foreign_Intelligence_Service" title="Estonian Foreign Intelligence Service">EFIS</a></li> <li>Ethiopia: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_and_Security_Service" title="National Intelligence and Security Service">NISS</a></li> <li>France: <a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_External_Security" title="Directorate-General for External Security">DGSE</a></li> <li>Gambia: <a href="/wiki/State_Intelligence_Services_(The_Gambia)" title="State Intelligence Services (The Gambia)">SIS</a></li> <li>Georgia: <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Intelligence_Service" title="Georgian Intelligence Service">GIS</a></li> <li>Germany: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Intelligence_Service" title="Federal Intelligence Service">BND</a></li> <li>Ghana: <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_National_Investigations" title="Bureau of National Investigations">BNI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Border_Guard_Unit" title="Border Guard Unit">BGU</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_Department_Unit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Research Department Unit (page does not exist)">RDU</a></li> <li>Greece: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Service_(Greece)" title="National Intelligence Service (Greece)">EYP</a></li> <li>Hungary: <a href="/wiki/Inform%C3%A1ci%C3%B3s_Hivatal" title="Információs Hivatal">IH</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Research_and_Analysis_Wing" title="Research and Analysis Wing">RAW</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_State_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian State Intelligence Agency">BIN</a></li> <li>Iran: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Intelligence_(Iran)" title="Ministry of Intelligence (Iran)">VAJA</a></li> <li>Iraq: <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_National_Intelligence_Service" title="Iraqi National Intelligence Service">INIS</a></li> <li>Ireland: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Military_Intelligence_(Ireland)" title="Directorate of Military Intelligence (Ireland)">G2</a></li> <li>Israel: <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a></li> <li>Italy: <a href="/wiki/Agenzia_Informazioni_e_Sicurezza_Esterna" title="Agenzia Informazioni e Sicurezza Esterna">AISE</a></li> <li>Ivory Coast: <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Security_Council_(Ivory_Coast)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Security Council (Ivory Coast) (page does not exist)">NSC</a></li> <li>Japan: <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Intelligence_and_Research_Office" title="Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office">CIRO</a></li> <li>Jordan: <a href="/wiki/General_Intelligence_Directorate_(Jordan)" class="mw-redirect" title="General Intelligence Directorate (Jordan)">GID</a></li> <li>Kazakhstan: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Kazakhstan)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Kazakhstan)">Syrbar</a></li> <li>Kenya: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Service_(Kenya)" title="National Intelligence Service (Kenya)">NIS</a></li> <li>Kyrgyzstan: <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_National_Security_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz National Security Service">UKMK</a></li> <li>Kuwait: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuwait_State_Security&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuwait State Security (page does not exist)">KSS</a></li> <li>Latvia: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satversmes_aizsardz%C4%ABbas_birojs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satversmes aizsardzības birojs (page does not exist)">SAB</a></li> <li>Liberia: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency_(Liberia)" title="National Security Agency (Liberia)">NSA</a></li> <li>Lithuania: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Department_of_Lithuania" title="State Security Department of Lithuania">VSD</a></li> <li>Lebanon: <a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_General_Security" title="General Directorate of General Security">GDGS</a></li> <li>Libya: <a href="/wiki/Mukhabarat_el-Jamahiriya" title="Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya">MJ</a></li> <li>Malaysia: <a href="/wiki/Research_Division_of_the_Prime_Minister%27s_Department" title="Research Division of the Prime Minister's Department">MEIO</a></li> <li>Mexico: <a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Investigaci%C3%B3n_y_Seguridad_Nacional_(M%C3%A9xico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro de Investigación y Seguridad Nacional (México)">CISEN</a></li> <li>Moldova: <a href="/wiki/Information_and_Security_Service_of_the_Republic_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Information and Security Service of the Republic of Moldova">SIS</a></li> <li>Mongolia: <a href="/wiki/General_Intelligence_Agency_of_Mongolia" title="General Intelligence Agency of Mongolia">GIA</a></li> <li>Montenegro: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency_(Montenegro)" title="National Security Agency (Montenegro)">ANB</a></li> <li>Morocco: <a href="/wiki/Direction_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_la_surveillance_du_territoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Direction générale de la surveillance du territoire">DGST</a></li> <li>Mozambique: <a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Security_and_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Security and Intelligence Service (page does not exist)">SISE</a></li> <li>Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/General_Intelligence_and_Security_Service" title="General Intelligence and Security Service">AIVD</a></li> <li>New Zealand: <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Security_Intelligence_Service" title="New Zealand Security Intelligence Service">NZSIS</a></li> <li>Nigeria: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Agency_(Nigeria)" title="National Intelligence Agency (Nigeria)">NIA</a></li> <li>North Korea: <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_General_Bureau" title="Reconnaissance General Bureau">RGB</a></li> <li>Republic of North Macedonia: <a href="/wiki/Administration_for_Security_and_Counterintelligence" title="Administration for Security and Counterintelligence">UBK</a></li> <li>Norway: <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Intelligence_Service" title="Norwegian Intelligence Service">E-tjenesten</a></li> <li>Oman: <a href="/wiki/Palace_Office_(Oman)" title="Palace Office (Oman)">Palace Office</a></li> <li>Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">ISI</a></li> <li>Papua New Guinea: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Organization_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="National Intelligence Organization (Papua New Guinea)">NIO</a></li> <li>Philippines: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Coordinating_Agency" title="National Intelligence Coordinating Agency">NICA</a></li> <li>Poland: <a href="/wiki/Agencja_Wywiadu" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencja Wywiadu">AW</a></li> <li>Portugal: <a href="/wiki/Servi%C3%A7o_de_Informa%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Estrat%C3%A9gicas_de_Defesa" title="Serviço de Informações Estratégicas de Defesa">SIED</a></li> <li>Qatar: <a href="/wiki/Qatar_State_Security" title="Qatar State Security">QSS</a></li> <li>Romania: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Romania)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Romania)">SIE</a></li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Russia)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)">SVR</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia: <a href="/wiki/General_Intelligence_Presidency" title="General Intelligence Presidency">GIP</a></li> <li>Serbia: <a href="/wiki/Security_Intelligence_Agency" title="Security Intelligence Agency">BIA</a></li> <li>Sierra Leone: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Intelligence_and_Security_Unit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Intelligence and Security Unit (page does not exist)">CISU</a></li> <li>Singapore: <a href="/wiki/Security_and_Intelligence_Division" title="Security and Intelligence Division">SID</a></li> <li>Slovakia: <a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%A1_informa%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_slu%C5%BEba" title="Slovenská informačná služba">SIS</a></li> <li>Slovenia: <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Intelligence_and_Security_Agency" title="Slovenian Intelligence and Security Agency">SOVA</a></li> <li>Somalia: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_and_Security_Agency" title="National Intelligence and Security Agency">NISA</a></li> <li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Agency_(South_Africa)" title="State Security Agency (South Africa)">SSA</a></li> <li>South Korea: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Service_(South_Korea)" title="National Intelligence Service (South Korea)">NIS</a></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Centre_(Spain)" title="National Intelligence Centre (Spain)">CNI</a></li> <li>Sri Lanka: <a href="/wiki/State_Intelligence_Service_(Sri_Lanka)" title="State Intelligence Service (Sri Lanka)">SIS</a></li> <li>Sudan: <a href="/wiki/General_Intelligence_Service_(Sudan)" title="General Intelligence Service (Sudan)">GIS</a></li> <li>Sweden: <a href="/wiki/Kontoret_f%C3%B6r_s%C3%A4rskild_inh%C3%A4mtning" title="Kontoret för särskild inhämtning">KSI</a></li> <li>Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/Swiss_intelligence_agencies" title="Swiss intelligence agencies">NDB</a></li> <li>Syria: <a href="/wiki/General_Security_Directorate_(Syria)" class="mw-redirect" title="General Security Directorate (Syria)">GSD</a></li> <li>Taiwan: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Bureau_(Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Bureau (Republic of China)">NSB</a></li> <li>Tajikistan: <a href="/wiki/State_Committee_for_National_Security_(Tajikistan)" title="State Committee for National Security (Tajikistan)">GKNB</a></li> <li>Tanzania: <a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Intelligence_and_Security_Service" title="Tanzania Intelligence and Security Service">TISS</a></li> <li>Thailand: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Agency_(Thailand)" title="National Intelligence Agency (Thailand)">NIA</a></li> <li>Togo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Intelligence_Agency_(Togo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Intelligence Agency (Togo) (page does not exist)">NIA</a></li> <li>Tunisia: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tunisian_Intelligence_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tunisian Intelligence Agency (page does not exist)">TIA</a></li> <li>Turkey: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Organization" title="National Intelligence Organization">MİT</a></li> <li>Turkmenistan: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_National_Security_(Turkmenistan)" title="Ministry for National Security (Turkmenistan)">MNS</a></li> <li>Uganda: <a href="/wiki/External_Security_Organisation" title="External Security Organisation">ESO</a></li> <li>Ukraine: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Foreign Intelligence Service of Ukraine">SZRU</a></li> <li>United Arab Emirates: <a href="/wiki/Signals_Intelligence_Agency" title="Signals Intelligence Agency">SIA</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">SIS (<i>MI6</i>)</a></li> <li>United States: <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a></li> <li>Uzbekistan: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Service_(Uzbekistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Service (Uzbekistan)">SSS</a></li> <li>Vietnam: <a href="/wiki/General_Department_of_Military_Intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="General Department of Military Intelligence">TC2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domestic<br />intelligence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Algeria: <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement_du_Renseignement_et_de_la_S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Département du Renseignement et de la Sécurité">CSS</a></li> <li>Angola: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Servi%C3%A7o_de_Intelig%C3%AAncia_e_Seguran%C3%A7a_de_Estado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serviço de Inteligência e Segurança de Estado (page does not exist)">SINSE</a></li> <li>Argentina: <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Intelligence" title="Secretariat of Intelligence">SIDE</a></li> <li>Armenia: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Service_(Armenia)" title="National Security Service (Armenia)">NSS</a></li> <li>Australia: <a href="/wiki/Australian_Security_Intelligence_Organisation" title="Australian Security Intelligence Organisation">ASIO</a></li> <li>Austria: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_and_Intelligence_Directorate" class="mw-redirect" title="State Security and Intelligence Directorate">DSN</a></li> <li>Azerbaijan: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Service_(Azerbaijan)" title="State Security Service (Azerbaijan)">DTX</a></li> <li>Bangladesh: <a href="/wiki/Special_Branch_(Bangladesh)" title="Special Branch (Bangladesh)">SB</a></li> <li>Belarus: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus" title="State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus">KGB RB</a></li> <li>Belgium: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Service_(Belgium)" title="State Security Service (Belgium)">VS/SE</a></li> <li>Bosnia and Herzegovina: <a href="/wiki/State_Investigation_and_Protection_Agency" title="State Investigation and Protection Agency">SIPA</a></li> <li>Botswana: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Intelligence_and_Security" title="Directorate of Intelligence and Security">DIS</a></li> <li>Brazil: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_of_Brazil" title="Federal Police of Brazil">PF</a></li> <li>Brunei: <a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Department_(Brunei)" title="Internal Security Department (Brunei)">IRD</a></li> <li>Bulgaria: <a href="/wiki/State_Agency_for_National_Security" title="State Agency for National Security">DANS</a></li> <li>Burundi: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Service_(Burundi)" title="National Intelligence Service (Burundi)">SNR</a></li> <li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Security_Intelligence_Service" title="Canadian Security Intelligence Service">CSIS</a></li> <li>Chile: <a href="/wiki/Agencia_Nacional_de_Inteligencia" title="Agencia Nacional de Inteligencia">ANI</a></li> <li>China: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">MSS</a></li> <li>Colombia: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Directorate_(Colombia)" title="National Intelligence Directorate (Colombia)">DNI</a></li> <li>Congo (Democratic Republic of): <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Agency_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Intelligence Agency (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">ANR</a></li> <li>Croatia: <a href="/wiki/Security_and_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Security and Intelligence Agency">SOA</a></li> <li>Czech Republic: <a href="/wiki/Security_Information_Service" title="Security Information Service">BIS</a></li> <li>Denmark: <a href="/wiki/Danish_Security_and_Intelligence_Service" title="Danish Security and Intelligence Service">PET</a></li> <li>Egypt: <a href="/wiki/Homeland_Security_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland Security (Egypt)">EHS</a></li> <li>Estonia: <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Internal_Security_Service" title="Estonian Internal Security Service">KAPO</a></li> <li>Finland: <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Security_and_Intelligence_Service" title="Finnish Security and Intelligence Service">SUPO</a></li> <li>France: <a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_for_Internal_Security" title="General Directorate for Internal Security">DGSI</a></li> <li>Georgia: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Service_of_Georgia" title="State Security Service of Georgia">SSSG</a></li> <li>Germany: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Office_for_the_Protection_of_the_Constitution" title="Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution">BfV</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_Office_for_the_Protection_of_the_Constitution" title="State Office for the Protection of the Constitution">LfV</a></li> <li>Ghana: <a href="/wiki/Ghana_Police_Service" title="Ghana Police Service">GPS</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Criminal_Investigative_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Criminal Investigative Department (page does not exist)">CID</a></li> <li>Greece: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Service_(Greece)" title="National Intelligence Service (Greece)">EYP</a></li> <li>Hong Kong: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Department" title="National Security Department">NSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Office_for_Safeguarding_National_Security_of_the_CPG_in_the_HKSAR" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR">CPGNSO</a></li> <li>Hungary: <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Protection_Office" title="Constitution Protection Office">AH</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(India)" title="Intelligence Bureau (India)">IB</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Police#Central_Executive_Agencies" title="Indonesian National Police">Baintelkam Polri</a> (<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Intelijen_dan_Keamanan_Kepolisian_Negara_Republik_Indonesia" class="extiw" title="id:Badan Intelijen dan Keamanan Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia">id</a>), <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_State_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian State Intelligence Agency">BIN</a></li> <li>Iran: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Intelligence_(Iran)" title="Ministry of Intelligence (Iran)">VAJA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Organization_of_Army_of_the_Guardians_of_the_Islamic_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence Organization of Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution">IRGC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Security_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Security Police">PAVA</a></li> <li>Ireland: <a href="/wiki/Garda_Crime_and_Security_Branch" title="Garda Crime and Security Branch">CSB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special_Detective_Unit" title="Special Detective Unit">SDU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garda_National_Surveillance_Unit" title="Garda National Surveillance Unit">NSU</a></li> <li>Israel: <a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a></li> <li>Italy: <a href="/wiki/Agenzia_Informazioni_e_Sicurezza_Interna" title="Agenzia Informazioni e Sicurezza Interna">AISI</a></li> <li>Japan: <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Agency_Security_Bureau" title="National Police Agency Security Bureau">NPA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Police_Department_Public_Security_Bureau" title="Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department Public Security Bureau">TMPD PSB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_Security_Intelligence_Agency" title="Public Security Intelligence Agency">PSIA</a></li> <li>Kazakhstan: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan">NSC</a></li> <li>Kenya: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Service_(Kenya)" title="National Intelligence Service (Kenya)">NIS</a></li> <li>Kosovo: <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Intelligence_Agency" title="Kosovo Intelligence Agency">AKI</a></li> <li>Latvia: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Service_(Latvia)" title="State Security Service (Latvia)">VDD</a></li> <li>Lithuania: <a href="/wiki/Special_Investigation_Service" title="Special Investigation Service">STT</a></li> <li>Lebanon: <a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Forces" title="Internal Security Forces">ISF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_State_Security" title="Lebanese State Security">LSS</a></li> <li>Luxembourg: <a href="/wiki/Service_de_Renseignement_de_l%27%C3%89tat" title="Service de Renseignement de l'État">SREL</a></li> <li>Macau: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pol%C3%ADcia_Judici%C3%A1ria_(Macau)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polícia Judiciária (Macau) (page does not exist)">DS</a></li> <li>Malaysia: <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Special_Branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Special Branch">SB</a></li> <li>Moldova: <a href="/wiki/Information_and_Security_Service_of_the_Republic_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Information and Security Service of the Republic of Moldova">SIS</a></li> <li>Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/National_Coordinator_for_Security_and_Counterterrorism" title="National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism">NCTV</a></li> <li>New Zealand: <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Security_Intelligence_Service" title="New Zealand Security Intelligence Service">NZSIS</a></li> <li>Nigeria: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Service_(Nigeria)" title="State Security Service (Nigeria)">SSS</a></li> <li>North Korea: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(North_Korea)" title="Ministry of State Security (North Korea)">SSD</a></li> <li>Republic of North Macedonia: <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Agency_of_Republic_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence Agency of Republic of Macedonia">IA</a></li> <li>Norway: <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Police_Security_Service" title="Norwegian Police Security Service">PST</a></li> <li>Oman: <a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Service" title="Internal Security Service">ISS</a></li> <li>Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(Pakistan)" title="Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)">IB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Investigation_Agency" title="Federal Investigation Agency">FIA</a></li> <li>Palestine: <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Preventive_Security" title="Palestinian Preventive Security">PSS</a></li> <li>Paraguay: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secretar%C3%ADa_Nacional_de_Inteligencia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secretaría Nacional de Inteligencia (page does not exist)">SNI</a></li> <li>Peru: <a href="/wiki/National_Directorate_of_Intelligence_(Peru)" title="National Directorate of Intelligence (Peru)">DINI</a></li> <li>Philippines: <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Investigation_(Philippines)" title="National Bureau of Investigation (Philippines)">NBI</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Coordinating_Agency" title="National Intelligence Coordinating Agency">NICA</a></li> <li>Poland: <a href="/wiki/Agencja_Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa_Wewn%C4%99trznego" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego">ABW</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C5%82u%C5%BCba_Ochrony_Pa%C5%84stwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Służba Ochrony Państwa">SOP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stra%C5%BC_Marsza%C5%82kowska" class="mw-redirect" title="Straż Marszałkowska">SM</a></li> <li>Portugal: <a href="/wiki/Servi%C3%A7o_de_Informa%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_Seguran%C3%A7a" title="Serviço de Informações de Segurança">SIS</a></li> <li>Romania: <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Intelligence_Service" title="Romanian Intelligence Service">SRI</a></li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Security_Service" title="Federal Security Service">FSB</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia: <a href="/wiki/Mabahith" title="Mabahith">Mabahith</a></li> <li>Serbia: <a href="/wiki/Security_Intelligence_Agency" title="Security Intelligence Agency">BIA</a></li> <li>Singapore: <a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Department_(Singapore)" title="Internal Security Department (Singapore)">ISD</a></li> <li>Somalia: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_and_Security_Agency" title="National Intelligence and Security Agency">NISA</a></li> <li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Department_of_State_Security_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of State Security (South Africa)">SSA</a></li> <li>South Korea: Intelligence Bureau, <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Agency_(South_Korea)" title="National Police Agency (South Korea)">KNPA</a></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Center_for_Counter-Terrorism_and_Organized_Crime" title="Intelligence Center for Counter-Terrorism and Organized Crime">CITCO</a></li> <li>Sri Lanka: <a href="/wiki/State_Intelligence_Service_(Sri_Lanka)" title="State Intelligence Service (Sri Lanka)">SIS</a></li> <li>Sweden: <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Security_Service" title="Swedish Security Service">SÄPO</a></li> <li>Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/Swiss_intelligence_agencies" title="Swiss intelligence agencies">NDB</a></li> <li>Syria: <a href="/wiki/General_Security_Directorate_(Syria)" class="mw-redirect" title="General Security Directorate (Syria)">GSD</a></li> <li>Taiwan: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_Investigation_Bureau" title="Ministry of Justice Investigation Bureau">MJIB</a></li> <li>Thailand: <a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Operations_Command" title="Internal Security Operations Command">ISOC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special_Branch_Bureau" title="Special Branch Bureau">SB</a></li> <li>Togo: <a href="/wiki/Agence_nationale_des_renseignements_(Togo)" title="Agence nationale des renseignements (Togo)">ANR</a></li> <li>Turkey: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Organization" title="National Intelligence Organization">MİT</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Presidency_of_General_Directorate_of_Security&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intelligence Presidency of General Directorate of Security (page does not exist)">İB</a></li> <li>Uganda: <a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Organisation" title="Internal Security Organisation">ISO</a></li> <li>Ukraine: <a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">SBU</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">Security Service (<i>MI5</i>)</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Domestic_Extremism_and_Disorder_Intelligence_Unit" title="National Domestic Extremism and Disorder Intelligence Unit">NDEDIU</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Crime_Agency" title="National Crime Agency">NCA</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Ballistics_Intelligence_Service" title="National Ballistics Intelligence Service">NBIS</a></li> <li>United States: <a href="/wiki/DHS_Office_of_Intelligence_and_Analysis" title="DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis">I&A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a></li> <li>Uzbekistan: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Service_(Uzbekistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Service (Uzbekistan)">SNB</a></li> <li>Venezuela: <a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Intelligence_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivarian Intelligence Service">SEBIN</a></li> <li>Vietnam: <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Department_of_Public_Security_Intelligence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Department of Public Security Intelligence (page does not exist)">TC5</a> (<a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95ng_c%E1%BB%A5c_T%C3%ACnh_b%C3%A1o,_B%E1%BB%99_C%C3%B4ng_an_(Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam)" class="extiw" title="vi:Tổng cục Tình báo, Bộ Công an (Việt Nam)">vi</a>)</li> <li>Zimbabwe: <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Organisation" title="Central Intelligence Organisation">CIO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Military<br />intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Algeria: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Direction_centrale_de_la_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_de_l%27arm%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Direction centrale de la sécurité de l'armée (page does not exist)">DCSA</a></li> <li>Angola: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Servi%C3%A7o_de_Intelig%C3%AAncia_Militar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serviço de Inteligência Militar (page does not exist)">SIM</a></li> <li>Australia: <a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence_Organisation" title="Defence Intelligence Organisation">DIO</a></li> <li>Austria: <a href="/wiki/Heeresnachrichtenamt" class="mw-redirect" title="Heeresnachrichtenamt">HNaA</a></li> <li>Bangladesh: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Forces_Intelligence" title="Directorate General of Forces Intelligence">DGFI</a></li> <li>Belarus: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_Directorate_of_Intelligence_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Main Directorate of Intelligence of the Ministry of Defence of Belarus (page does not exist)">GRU MO RB</a></li> <li>Belgium: <a href="/wiki/Belgian_General_Information_and_Security_Service" title="Belgian General Information and Security Service">ADIV/SGRS</a></li> <li>Brazil: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Departamento_de_Intelig%C3%AAncia_Estrat%C3%A9gica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Departamento de Inteligência Estratégica (page does not exist)">DIE</a></li> <li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces_Intelligence_Command" title="Canadian Forces Intelligence Command">CFINTCOM</a></li> <li>China: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">CMC JSD Intelligence Bureau</a></li> <li>Congo (Democratic Republic of): <a href="/wiki/DEMIAP" title="DEMIAP">DEMIAP</a></li> <li>Croatia: <a href="/wiki/Military_Security_and_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Security and Intelligence Agency">VSOA</a></li> <li>Cuba: <a href="/wiki/Military_Counterintelligence_Directorate" title="Military Counterintelligence Directorate">DCIM</a></li> <li>Czech Republic: <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_(Czech_Republic)" title="Military Intelligence (Czech Republic)">VZ</a></li> <li>Denmark: <a href="/wiki/Danish_Defence_Intelligence_Service" title="Danish Defence Intelligence Service">FE</a></li> <li>Egypt: <a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence_and_reconnaissance_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military intelligence and reconnaissance (Egypt)">DMISR</a></li> <li>Finland: <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Division_(Finland)" title="Intelligence Division (Finland)">PE TIEDOS</a></li> <li>France: <a href="/wiki/Direction_du_renseignement_militaire" title="Direction du renseignement militaire">DRM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_External_Security" title="Directorate-General for External Security">DGSE</a></li> <li>Germany: <a href="/wiki/Military_Counterintelligence_Service_(Germany)" title="Military Counterintelligence Service (Germany)">MAD</a></li> <li>Ghana: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Intelligence_Unit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military Intelligence Unit (page does not exist)">MIU</a></li> <li>Hungary: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katonai_Nemzetbiztons%C3%A1gi_Szolg%C3%A1lat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katonai Nemzetbiztonsági Szolgálat (page does not exist)">KNBSZ</a></li> <li>Iran: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Protection_Organization_of_General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intelligence Protection Organization of General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran (page does not exist)">General Staff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Protection_Organization_of_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence Protection Organization of Islamic Republic of Iran Army">SAHEFAJA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Protection_Organization_of_Army_of_the_Guardians_of_the_Islamic_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence Protection Organization of Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution">SAHEFASA</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Protection_Organization_of_Ministry_of_Defence_and_Armed_Forces_Logistics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intelligence Protection Organization of Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics (page does not exist)">SAHEFAVEDJA</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Military_Intelligence_(India)" title="Directorate of Military Intelligence (India)">DMI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence_Agency_(India)" title="Defence Intelligence Agency (India)">DIA</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Strategic_Intelligence_Agency" title="Indonesian Strategic Intelligence Agency">BAIS TNI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Army_Intelligence_Centre" title="Indonesian Army Intelligence Centre">Pusintelad</a></li> <li>Ireland: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Military_Intelligence_(Ireland)" title="Directorate of Military Intelligence (Ireland)">G2</a></li> <li>Israel: <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Directorate_(Israel)" title="Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel)">Aman</a></li> <li>Italy: <a href="/wiki/Centro_Intelligence_Interforze" title="Centro Intelligence Interforze">CII</a></li> <li>Japan: <a href="/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Headquarters" title="Defense Intelligence Headquarters">DIH</a></li> <li>Kazakhstan: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan">NSC</a></li> <li>Lithuania: <a href="/wiki/Second_Investigation_Department" title="Second Investigation Department">AOTD</a></li> <li>Malaysia: <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Defence_Intelligence_Organisation" title="Malaysian Defence Intelligence Organisation">DIO</a></li> <li>Maldives: <a href="/wiki/Maldives_National_Defence_Force" title="Maldives National Defence Force">MNDF</a></li> <li>Morocco: <a href="/wiki/Direction_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_des_%C3%A9tudes_et_de_la_documentation" class="mw-redirect" title="Direction générale des études et de la documentation">DGED</a></li> <li>Myanmar: <a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Military intelligence of Myanmar">Sa Ya Pa</a></li> <li>Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Military_Intelligence_and_Security_Service" title="Dutch Military Intelligence and Security Service">MIVD</a></li> <li>New Zealand: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Defence_Intelligence_and_Security" title="Directorate of Defence Intelligence and Security">DDIS</a></li> <li>Nigeria: <a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence_Agency_(Nigeria)" title="Defence Intelligence Agency (Nigeria)">DIA</a></li> <li>North Korea: <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_General_Bureau" title="Reconnaissance General Bureau">RGB</a></li> <li>Republic of North Macedonia: <a href="/wiki/Military_Service_for_Security_and_Intelligence" title="Military Service for Security and Intelligence">MSSI</a></li> <li>Norway: <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Intelligence_Service" title="Norwegian Intelligence Service">E-tjenesten</a></li> <li>Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_(Pakistan)" title="Military Intelligence (Pakistan)">MI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naval_Intelligence_(Pakistan)" title="Naval Intelligence (Pakistan)">NI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_Intelligence_(Pakistan)" title="Air Intelligence (Pakistan)">AI</a></li> <li>Philippines: <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines#AFP-wide_service_support_and_separate_units" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">ISAFP</a></li> <li>Poland: <a href="/wiki/S%C5%82u%C5%BCba_Kontrwywiadu_Wojskowego" class="mw-redirect" title="Służba Kontrwywiadu Wojskowego">SKW</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C5%82u%C5%BCba_Wywiadu_Wojskowego&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Służba Wywiadu Wojskowego (page does not exist)">SWW</a></li> <li>Portugal: <a href="/wiki/CISMIL" class="mw-redirect" title="CISMIL">CISMIL</a></li> <li>Romania: <a href="/wiki/Direc%C5%A3ia_General%C4%83_de_Informa%C5%A3ii_a_Ap%C4%83r%C4%83rii" class="mw-redirect" title="Direcţia Generală de Informaţii a Apărării">DGIA</a></li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">GRU</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia: <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Armed_Forces_Intelligence_and_Security_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Armed Forces Intelligence and Security Commission (page does not exist)">AFISC</a></li> <li>Serbia: <a href="/wiki/Military_Security_Agency" title="Military Security Agency">VBA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Agency" title="Military Intelligence Agency">VOA</a></li> <li>Singapore: <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Intelligence Organisation">MIO</a></li> <li>Slovakia: <a href="/wiki/Vojensk%C3%A9_spravodajstvo" title="Vojenské spravodajstvo">VS</a></li> <li>Slovenia: <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_and_Security_Service_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_(Slovenia)" title="Intelligence and Security Service of the Ministry of Defence (Slovenia)">OVS</a></li> <li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence_Division_(SANDF)" title="Defence Intelligence Division (SANDF)">SANDF-ID</a></li> <li>South Korea: <a href="/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Agency_(South_Korea)" title="Defense Intelligence Agency (South Korea)">DIA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Defense_Counterintelligence_Command" title="Defense Counterintelligence Command">DCC</a></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces_Intelligence_Center" title="Spanish Armed Forces Intelligence Center">CIFAS</a></li> <li>Sri Lanka: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Military_Intelligence_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Directorate of Military Intelligence (Sri Lanka)">DMI</a></li> <li>Sweden: <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Military_Intelligence_and_Security_Service" title="Swedish Military Intelligence and Security Service">MUST</a></li> <li>Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/Milit%C3%A4rischer_Nachrichtendienst" class="mw-redirect" title="Militärischer Nachrichtendienst">MND</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffennachrichtendienst" class="mw-redirect" title="Luftwaffennachrichtendienst">LWND</a></li> <li>Syria: <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Directorate_(Syria)" title="Military Intelligence Directorate (Syria)">MI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Intelligence_Directorate" title="Air Force Intelligence Directorate">AFID</a></li> <li>Taiwan: <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Bureau" title="Military Intelligence Bureau">MIB</a></li> <li>Thailand: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armed_Forces_Security_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armed Forces Security Center (page does not exist)">AFSC</a></li> <li>Turkey: <a href="/wiki/Genelkurmay_%C4%B0stihbarat_Daire_Ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Genelkurmay İstihbarat Daire Başkanlığı">GENKUR İ.D.B.</a></li> <li>Ukraine: <a href="/wiki/Main_Directorate_of_Intelligence_(Ukraine)" title="Main Directorate of Intelligence (Ukraine)">HUR MO</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence" title="Defence Intelligence">DI</a></li> <li>United States: <a href="/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Agency" title="Defense Intelligence Agency">DIA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Naval_Intelligence" title="Office of Naval Intelligence">ONI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Corps_(United_States_Army)" title="Military Intelligence Corps (United States Army)">MIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Air Force Intelligence">USAFI</a></li></ul></li> <li>Venezuela: <a href="/wiki/Direcci%C3%B3n_General_de_Contrainteligencia_Militar" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirección General de Contrainteligencia Militar">DGCIM</a></li> <li>Vietnam: <a href="/wiki/General_Department_of_Military_Intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="General Department of Military Intelligence">TC2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Signals_intelligence" title="Signals intelligence">Signals<br />intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Australia: <a href="/wiki/Australian_Signals_Directorate" title="Australian Signals Directorate">ASD</a></li> <li>Bangladesh: <a href="/wiki/National_Telecommunication_Monitoring_Centre" title="National Telecommunication Monitoring Centre">NTMC</a></li> <li>Brazil: <a href="/wiki/Subchefia_de_Intelig%C3%AAncia_do_Estado-Maior_de_Defesa" title="Subchefia de Inteligência do Estado-Maior de Defesa">2ª Sch/EMD</a></li> <li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Communications_Security_Establishment" title="Communications Security Establishment">CSE</a></li> <li>China: <a href="/wiki/Joint_Staff_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission">SIGINT</a></li> <li>Croatia: <a href="/wiki/Operational_Technology_Centre_for_the_Surveillance_of_Telecommunications" class="mw-redirect" title="Operational Technology Centre for the Surveillance of Telecommunications">OTC</a></li> <li>Ethiopia: <a href="/wiki/Information_Network_Security_Agency" title="Information Network Security Agency">INSA</a></li> <li>Finland: <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Intelligence_Agency" title="Finnish Defence Intelligence Agency">PVTIEDL</a></li> <li>France: <a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_External_Security" title="Directorate-General for External Security">DGSE</a>, <a href="/wiki/DRSD" title="DRSD">DRSD</a></li> <li>Germany: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Intelligence_Service" title="Federal Intelligence Service">BND</a></li> <li>Ghana: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_Department_Unit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Research Department Unit (page does not exist)">RDU</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Joint_Cipher_Bureau" title="Joint Cipher Bureau">JCB</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Technical_Research_Organisation" title="National Technical Research Organisation">NTRO</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/National_Cyber_And_Crypto_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="National Cyber And Crypto Agency">BSSN</a> (<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Siber_dan_Sandi_Negara" class="extiw" title="id:Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara">id</a>)</li> <li>Ireland: <a href="/wiki/Communications_and_Information_Services_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications and Information Services Corps">CIS</a></li> <li>Israel: <a href="/wiki/Unit_8200" title="Unit 8200">8200</a></li> <li>Japan: <a href="/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Headquarters" title="Defense Intelligence Headquarters">DIH</a></li> <li>Kazakhstan: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan">NSC</a></li> <li>Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Nationale_SIGINT_Organisatie" title="Nationale SIGINT Organisatie">NSO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joint_Sigint_Cyber_Unit" title="Joint Sigint Cyber Unit">JSCU</a></li> <li>New Zealand: <a href="/wiki/Government_Communications_Security_Bureau" title="Government Communications Security Bureau">GCSB</a></li> <li>North Korea: <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_General_Bureau" title="Reconnaissance General Bureau">RGB</a></li> <li>Norway: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Authority_(Norway)" title="National Security Authority (Norway)">NSM</a></li> <li>Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">JSIB</a></li> <li>Poland: <a href="/wiki/Agencja_Wywiadu" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencja Wywiadu">AW</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agencja_Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa_Wewn%C4%99trznego" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego">ABW</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C5%82u%C5%BCba_Kontrwywiadu_Wojskowego" class="mw-redirect" title="Służba Kontrwywiadu Wojskowego">SKW</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C5%82u%C5%BCba_Wywiadu_Wojskowego&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Służba Wywiadu Wojskowego (page does not exist)">SWW</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Narodowe_Centrum_Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa_Cyberprzestrzeni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narodowe Centrum Bezpieczeństwa Cyberprzestrzeni (page does not exist)">NCBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/3rd_Ship_Flotilla#Sub-Units" title="3rd Ship Flotilla">gOR 3.FO</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_for_Radioelectronic_Combat_Reconnaissance_and_Support_%E2%80%B3Lieutenant_Colonel_Jan_Kowalewski%E2%80%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre for Radioelectronic Combat Reconnaissance and Support ″Lieutenant Colonel Jan Kowalewski″ (page does not exist)">CRiWWRE</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Przasnysz_Radioelectronic_Reconnaissance_Regiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Przasnysz Radioelectronic Reconnaissance Regiment (page does not exist)">2.ORel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Oliwa_Radioelectronic_Reconnaissance_Regiment_%E2%80%B3Admiral_Arendt_Dickman%E2%80%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Oliwa Radioelectronic Reconnaissance Regiment ″Admiral Arendt Dickman″ (page does not exist)">6.ORel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Unit_NIL_%22Brigadier_General_August_Emil_Fieldorf_%C2%ABNil%C2%BB%22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military Unit NIL "Brigadier General August Emil Fieldorf «Nil»" (page does not exist)">JW NIL</a></li> <li>Romania: <a href="/wiki/Serviciul_de_Telecomunica%C8%9Bii_Speciale" title="Serviciul de Telecomunicații Speciale">STS</a></li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/Special_Communications_Service_of_Russia" title="Special Communications Service of Russia"><i>Spetssvyaz</i></a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_State_Security" title="Presidency of State Security">PSS</a></li> <li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Department_of_State_Security_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of State Security (South Africa)">SSA</a></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/National_Cryptologic_Center" title="National Cryptologic Center">CCN</a></li> <li>Sweden: <a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Radio_Establishment" title="National Defence Radio Establishment">FRA</a></li> <li>Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/Swiss_intelligence_agencies" title="Swiss intelligence agencies">NDB</a></li> <li>Syria: <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Directorate_(Syria)" title="Military Intelligence Directorate (Syria)">MI</a></li> <li>Turkey: <a href="/wiki/Sinyal_%C4%B0stihbarat%C4%B1_Ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinyal İstihbaratı Başkanlığı">MİT-SİB</a></li> <li>UAE: <a href="/wiki/Signals_Intelligence_Agency" title="Signals Intelligence Agency">SIA</a></li> <li>Ukraine: <a href="/wiki/Derzhspetszviazok" class="mw-redirect" title="Derzhspetszviazok">Derzhspetszviazok</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Government_Communications_Headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Communications Headquarters">GCHQ</a></li> <li>United States: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">NSA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Imagery_intelligence" title="Imagery intelligence">Imagery<br />intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Australia: <a href="/wiki/Australian_Geospatial-Intelligence_Organisation" title="Australian Geospatial-Intelligence Organisation">AGO</a></li> <li>Finland: <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Intelligence_Agency" title="Finnish Defence Intelligence Agency">PVTIEDL</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Air_Intelligence" title="Directorate of Air Intelligence">DAI</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Badan_Informasi_Geospasial" class="mw-redirect" title="Badan Informasi Geospasial">BIG</a></li> <li>Israel: <a href="/wiki/Air_Intelligence_Group" title="Air Intelligence Group">Air Intelligence Group</a></li> <li>Malaysia: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Centre_for_Geospatial_Data_Infrastructure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malaysian Centre for Geospatial Data Infrastructure (page does not exist)">MaCGDI</a></li> <li>New Zealand: <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_intelligence_agencies#Other_organisations" title="New Zealand intelligence agencies">GEOINT NZ</a></li> <li>Poland: <a href="/wiki/Agencja_Wywiadu" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencja Wywiadu">AW</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C5%82u%C5%BCba_Wywiadu_Wojskowego&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Służba Wywiadu Wojskowego (page does not exist)">SWW</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_IMINT_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish IMINT Centre (page does not exist)">ORO</a>, <a href="/wiki/12th_Unmanned_Aerial_Vehicles_Base" title="12th Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Base">12.BBSP</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Unit_NIL_%22Brigadier_General_August_Emil_Fieldorf_%C2%ABNil%C2%BB%22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military Unit NIL "Brigadier General August Emil Fieldorf «Nil»" (page does not exist)">JW NIL</a></li> <li>Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/Air_Intelligence_(Pakistan)" title="Air Intelligence (Pakistan)">Air Intelligence</a></li> <li>Philippines: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Coordinating_Agency#NMARSC" title="National Intelligence Coordinating Agency">NMARSC</a></li> <li>Portugal: <a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Informa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Geoespacial_do_Ex%C3%A9rcito" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro de Informação Geoespacial do Exército">CIGeoE</a></li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">TsVTI GRU</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence_Fusion_Centre" title="Defence Intelligence Fusion Centre">DGIFC</a></li> <li>United States: <a href="/wiki/National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency" title="National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency">NGA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Financial_intelligence" title="Financial intelligence">Financial<br />intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Argentina: <a href="/wiki/Unidad_de_Inteligencia_Financiera_(Argentina)" title="Unidad de Inteligencia Financiera (Argentina)">UIF</a></li> <li>Australia: <a href="/wiki/Australian_Transaction_Reports_and_Analysis_Centre" title="Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre">AUSTRAC</a></li> <li>Azerbaijan: <a href="/wiki/Financial_Monitoring_Service_(Azerbaijan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial Monitoring Service (Azerbaijan)">MMX</a></li> <li>Bangladesh: <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Financial_Intelligence_Unit" title="Bangladesh Financial Intelligence Unit">FIU</a></li> <li>Brazil: <a href="/wiki/Council_for_Financial_Activities_Control" title="Council for Financial Activities Control">COAF</a></li> <li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Financial_Transactions_and_Reports_Analysis_Centre_of_Canada" title="Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada">FINTRAC</a></li> <li>Fiji: <a href="/wiki/Fiji_Financial_Intelligence_Unit" title="Fiji Financial Intelligence Unit">FIU</a></li> <li>France: <a href="/wiki/Tracfin" title="Tracfin">Tracfin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Direction_Nationale_du_Renseignement_et_des_Enqu%C3%AAtes_Douani%C3%A8res" title="Direction Nationale du Renseignement et des Enquêtes Douanières">DNRED</a></li> <li>Iceland: <a href="/wiki/Skattranns%C3%B3knarstj%C3%B3ri_R%C3%ADkisins" class="mw-redirect" title="Skattrannsóknarstjóri Ríkisins">SR</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Central_Economic_Intelligence_Bureau" title="Central Economic Intelligence Bureau">CEIB</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Financial_Transaction_Reports_and_Analysis_Center" title="Indonesian Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center">PPATK</a></li> <li>Ireland: <a href="/wiki/Garda_National_Economic_Crime_Bureau" title="Garda National Economic Crime Bureau">GNECB</a></li> <li>Italy: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A0_di_Informazione_Finanziaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unità di Informazione Finanziaria (page does not exist)">UIF</a></li> <li>Lithuania (<a href="/wiki/Financial_Crime_Investigation_Service" title="Financial Crime Investigation Service">FNTT</a>)</li> <li>Malta: <a href="/wiki/Financial_Intelligence_Analysis_Unit" title="Financial Intelligence Analysis Unit">FIAU</a></li> <li>Mexico: <a href="/wiki/Unidad_de_Inteligencia_Financiera_(Mexico)" title="Unidad de Inteligencia Financiera (Mexico)">UIF</a></li> <li>Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_Information_and_Investigation_Service" title="Fiscal Information and Investigation Service">FIOD</a></li> <li>Poland: <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Financial_Information_Inspector&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Financial Information Inspector (page does not exist)">GIIF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tax_and_Customs_Service_(Poland)" title="Tax and Customs Service (Poland)">SCS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Anticorruption_Bureau" title="Central Anticorruption Bureau">CBA</a></li> <li>Qatar: <a href="/wiki/Qatar_Financial_Information_Unit" title="Qatar Financial Information Unit">FIU</a></li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/Rosfinmonitoring" title="Rosfinmonitoring">Rosfinmonitoring</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia: <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Directorate_of_Financial_Intelligence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Directorate of Financial Intelligence (page does not exist)">GDOFI</a></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/Customs_Surveillance_Service" title="Customs Surveillance Service">SVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/SEPBLAC" title="SEPBLAC">SEPBLAC</a></li> <li>Turkey: <a href="/wiki/Financial_Crimes_Investigation_Board_(Turkey)" title="Financial Crimes Investigation Board (Turkey)">MASAK</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/National_Crime_Agency" title="National Crime Agency">NCA</a></li> <li>United States: <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Terrorism_and_Financial_Intelligence" title="Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence">TFI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Financial_Crimes_Enforcement_Network" title="Financial Crimes Enforcement Network">FinCEN</a></li> <li>Vatican: <a href="/wiki/Supervisory_and_Financial_Information_Authority_(Vatican_City)" title="Supervisory and Financial Information Authority (Vatican City)">ASIF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Criminal_intelligence" title="Criminal intelligence">Criminal<br />intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Argentina: <a href="/wiki/Direcci%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Inteligencia_Criminal" title="Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia Criminal">DNIC</a></li> <li>Australia: <a href="/wiki/Australian_Criminal_Intelligence_Commission" title="Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission">ACIC</a></li> <li>Bangladesh: <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Investigation_Department_(Bangladesh)" title="Criminal Investigation Department (Bangladesh)">CID</a></li> <li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Intelligence_Service_Canada" title="Criminal Intelligence Service Canada">CISC</a></li> <li>Finland: <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Investigation_(Finland)" title="National Bureau of Investigation (Finland)">NBI</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Central Bureau of Investigation">CBI</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Police#Central_Executive_Agencies" title="Indonesian National Police">Baintelkam Polri</a> (<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Intelijen_dan_Keamanan_Kepolisian_Negara_Republik_Indonesia" class="extiw" title="id:Badan Intelijen dan Keamanan Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia">id</a>)</li> <li>Italy: <a href="/wiki/Direzione_Investigativa_Antimafia" title="Direzione Investigativa Antimafia">DIA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Divisione_Investigazioni_Generali_e_Operazioni_Speciali" title="Divisione Investigazioni Generali e Operazioni Speciali">DIGOS</a></li> <li>Philippines: <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Investigation_(Philippines)" title="National Bureau of Investigation (Philippines)">NBI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Police#Operational_units" title="Philippine National Police">PNP-IG</a></li> <li>Poland: <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Headquarters_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Police Headquarters (Poland)">BWiIK KGP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centralne_Biuro_%C5%9Aledcze_Policji" class="mw-redirect" title="Centralne Biuro Śledcze Policji">CBŚP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Border_Guard_(Poland)" title="Border Guard (Poland)">ZOŚ KGSG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_Gendarmerie_(Poland)" title="Military Gendarmerie (Poland)">ZK KGŻW</a></li> <li>Romania: <a href="/wiki/Direc%C8%9Bia_General%C4%83_de_Protec%C8%9Bie_Intern%C4%83" title="Direcția Generală de Protecție Internă"> DGPI</a></li> <li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Crime_Intelligence_Division" title="Crime Intelligence Division">Crime Intelligence Division</a></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/General_Commissariat_of_Information" title="General Commissariat of Information">CGI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_Guard_Information_Service" title="Civil Guard Information Service">SIGC</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Commissariat_of_Judiciary_Police" title="General Commissariat of Judiciary Police">CGPJ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Operative_Unit" title="Central Operative Unit">UCO</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/National_Crime_Agency" title="National Crime Agency">NCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intelligence<br />community</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Intelligence_Community" title="Australian Intelligence Community">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_intelligence_community" title="Bangladeshi intelligence community">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_security_and_intelligence_system" title="Croatian security and intelligence system">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_intelligence_agencies_of_France" title="List of intelligence agencies of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_intelligence_agencies" title="List of Indian intelligence agencies">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Intelligence_Community" title="Israeli Intelligence Community">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_intelligence_agencies" title="Italian intelligence agencies">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_intelligence_agencies" title="New Zealand intelligence agencies">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Intelligence_community" title="Pakistani Intelligence community">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_agencies_of_Russia" title="Intelligence agencies of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_intelligence_agencies" title="British intelligence agencies">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intelligence<br />alliances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Club_de_Berne" title="Club de Berne">Club de Berne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Eyes" title="Five Eyes">Five Eyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximator_(intelligence_alliance)" title="Maximator (intelligence alliance)">Maximator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egmont_Group_of_Financial_Intelligence_Units" title="Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units">Egmont Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct<br /> agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Japan">Imperial Japan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Special_Higher_Police" title="Special Higher Police">Tokko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Dynasty">Ming Dynasty</a>: <a href="/wiki/Embroidered_Uniform_Guard" title="Embroidered Uniform Guard">Embroidered Uniform Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>: <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a>, <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Counterintelligence_Service_(Yugoslavia)" title="Counterintelligence Service (Yugoslavia)">KOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">Espionage</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_intelligence_agencies" title="List of intelligence agencies">List of intelligence agencies</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_leak" title="News leak">Leaks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak" title="United States diplomatic cables leak">Diplomatic cable leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_surveillance_disclosures_(2013%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)">NSA leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vault_7" title="Vault 7">CIA leaks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Firewall_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Firewall of China">Great Firewall of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_China" title="Mass surveillance in China">Mass surveillance in China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_agency" title="Security agency">Security agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance" title="Mass surveillance">Surveillance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_(Nineteen_Eighty-Four)" title="Big Brother (Nineteen Eighty-Four)">Big Brother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_detail_record" title="Call detail record">Call detail record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnivore_(software)" title="Carnivore (software)">Carnivore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dishfire" title="Dishfire">Dishfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECHELON" title="ECHELON">ECHELON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRISM_(surveillance_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="PRISM (surveillance program)">PRISM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Ghost" title="Stone Ghost">Stone Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbulence_(NSA)" title="Turbulence (NSA)">Turbulence (NSA programme)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">National security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveillance_issues_in_smart_cities" title="Surveillance issues in smart cities">Surveillance issues in smart cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Border_protection_agencies" title="Template:Border protection agencies">Border guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Coast_guards" title="Template:Coast guards">Coast guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Customs_services" title="Template:Customs services">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Police" title="Template:Police">Law enforcement agency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_law_enforcement_agencies" title="Template:Types of law enforcement agencies">Types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_intelligence_agencies" title="Template:National intelligence agencies">Intelligence agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐mfkht Cached time: 20241122153112 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.763 seconds Real time usage: 1.022 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5604/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 255933/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4761/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 172739/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.402/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7541716/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 786.374 1 -total 40.73% 320.285 1 Template:Reflist 21.58% 169.730 20 Template:Cite_news 17.43% 137.103 1 Template:People's_Liberation_Army 10.59% 83.282 1 Template:Short_description 7.85% 61.748 1 Template:Infobox_government_agency 7.12% 55.968 1 Template:Infobox 4.95% 38.932 2 Template:Pagetype 4.81% 37.787 1 Template:Cn 4.75% 37.390 2 Template:Rp --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:65089122-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122153112 and revision id 1236051592. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department&oldid=1236051592">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department&oldid=1236051592</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Category:Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission (China)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People%27s_Liberation_Army_General_Staff" title="Category:People's Liberation Army General Staff">People's Liberation Army General Staff</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_intelligence_agencies" title="Category:Chinese intelligence agencies">Chinese intelligence agencies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_intelligence_agencies" title="Category:Military intelligence agencies">Military intelligence agencies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ministry_of_National_Defense_(PRC)" title="Category:Ministry of National Defense (PRC)">Ministry of National Defense (PRC)</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Chinese-language_sources_(zh)" title="Category:CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)">CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_simplified_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text">Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text">Articles containing Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 July 2024, at 16:40<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-697b7966c5-96p2v","wgBackendResponseTime":215,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.763","walltime":"1.022","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5604,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":255933,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4761,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":172739,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 786.374 1 -total"," 40.73% 320.285 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.58% 169.730 20 Template:Cite_news"," 17.43% 137.103 1 Template:People's_Liberation_Army"," 10.59% 83.282 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.85% 61.748 1 Template:Infobox_government_agency"," 7.12% 55.968 1 Template:Infobox"," 4.95% 38.932 2 Template:Pagetype"," 4.81% 37.787 1 Template:Cn"," 4.75% 37.390 2 Template:Rp"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.402","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7541716,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-mfkht","timestamp":"20241122153112","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Intelligence Bureau of the Joint Staff Department","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2663809","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2663809","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2020-08-27T04:11:28Z","dateModified":"2024-07-22T16:40:17Z","headline":"military intelligence agency of the People's Liberation Army"}</script> </body> </html>