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href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metabolism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metabolism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>Metabolism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metabolism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elimination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elimination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.4</span> <span>Elimination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elimination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemistry"> <div 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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Isoprenaline</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="إيزوبرينالين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيزوبرينالين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84" title="ایزوپروترنول – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایزوپروترنول" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoproterenol" title="Isoproterenol – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Isoproterenol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoprenalin" title="Isoprenalin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Isoprenalin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Ισοπροτερενόλη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισοπροτερενόλη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoproterenol" title="Isoproterenol – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isoproterenol" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84" title="ایزوپروترنول – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایزوپروترنول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isopr%C3%A9naline" title="Isoprénaline – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Isoprénaline" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoprenalin" title="Isoprenalin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Isoprenalin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoprenalina" title="Isoprenalina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isoprenalina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BD%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="イソプロテレノール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イソプロテレノール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8" title="ଆଇସୋପ୍ରେନାଲିନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଇସୋପ୍ରେନାଲିନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izoprenalina" title="Izoprenalina – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Izoprenalina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoproterenol" title="Isoproterenol – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Isoproterenol" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Изопреналин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Изопреналин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izoprenal%C3%ADn" title="Izoprenalín – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Izoprenalín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%86%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ئایزۆپرێنالین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئایزۆپرێنالین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izoprenalin" title="Izoprenalin – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Izoprenalin" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izoprenalin" title="Izoprenalin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Izoprenalin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%90%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఐసోప్రెనాలిన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఐసోప్రెనాలిన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zoprenalin" title="İzoprenalin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İzoprenalin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Ізопреналін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ізопреналін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q415550#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title"><span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): Isoprenaline">Isoprenaline</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Isoprenaline.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Isoprenaline.svg/225px-Isoprenaline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Isoprenaline.svg/338px-Isoprenaline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Isoprenaline.svg/450px-Isoprenaline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names" title="Drug nomenclature">Trade names</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Isuprel, many others<sup id="cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndexNominum2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Isoproterenol; Isopropylnorepinephrine; Isopropylnoradrenaline; Isopropydine; WIN-5162</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="www.drugs.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/isoproterenol.html">Monograph</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="medlineplus.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601236.html">a601236</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_category" title="Pregnancy category">Pregnancy<br />category</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> A</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of<br />administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Intravenous_infusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous infusion">Intravenous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intramuscular_injection" title="Intramuscular injection">intramuscular injection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subcutaneous_injection" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcutaneous injection">subcutaneous injection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intracardiac_injection" title="Intracardiac injection">intracardiac injection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inhalational_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Inhalational administration">inhalation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sublingual_administration" title="Sublingual administration">sublingual administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rectal_administration" title="Rectal administration">rectal administration</a><sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drugs@FDA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs@FDA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C01" title="ATC code C01">C01CA02</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=C01CA02">WHO</a></span>) <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_R03" title="ATC code R03">R03AB02</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=R03AB02">WHO</a></span>)<br /><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_R03" title="ATC code R03">R03CB01</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=R03CB01">WHO</a></span>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons#Schedule_4" title="Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons">S4</a> (Prescription only)</li> <li>In general: ℞ (Prescription only)</li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacokinetics" title="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetic</a> data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">Bioavailability</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">Oral</a>: Very low<sup id="cite_ref-Waldeck2002_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waldeck2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ConollyDaviesDollery1972_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConollyDaviesDollery1972-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Plasma_protein_binding" title="Plasma protein binding">Protein binding</a></th><td class="infobox-data">69% (mostly to <a href="/wiki/Human_serum_albumin" title="Human serum albumin">albumin</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_metabolism" title="Drug metabolism">Metabolism</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Methylation" title="Methylation">Methylation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catechol_O-methyltransferase" class="mw-redirect" title="Catechol O-methyltransferase"><abbr title="Catechol O-methyltransferase">COMT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Catechol O-methyltransferase</span>), <a href="/wiki/Conjugation_(biochemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conjugation (biochemistry)">conjugation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sulfation" title="Sulfation">sulfation</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan1990_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan1990-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Metabolite" title="Metabolite">Metabolites</a></th><td class="infobox-data">• 3-<i>O</i>-Methylisoprenaline<sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />• <a href="/wiki/Sulfate" title="Sulfate">Sulfate</a> <a href="/wiki/Conjugation_(biochemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conjugation (biochemistry)">conjugates</a><sup id="cite_ref-Morgan1990_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan1990-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Onset_of_action" title="Onset of action">Onset of action</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Inhalational_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Inhalational administration">Inhalation</a>: 2–5<span class="nowrap"> </span>min<sup id="cite_ref-Sterling1995_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sterling1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_half-life" title="Biological half-life">Elimination <span class="nowrap">half-life</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Intravenous_infusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous infusion"><abbr title="Intravenous infusion">IV</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Intravenous infusion</span>: 2.5–5<span class="nowrap"> </span>min<sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">Oral</a>: 40<span class="nowrap"> </span>min<sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacodynamics#Duration_of_action" title="Pharmacodynamics">Duration of action</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Inhalational_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Inhalational administration">Inhalation</a>: 0.5–2<span class="nowrap"> </span>hours<sup id="cite_ref-Sterling1995_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sterling1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">Excretion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urine" title="Urine">Urine</a>: 59–107%<sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">Feces</a>: 12–27%<sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry">IUPAC name</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">4-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7683-59-2">7683-59-2</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem#CID" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3779">3779</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Guide_to_Pharmacology" title="Guide to Pharmacology">IUPHAR/BPS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.guidetopharmacology.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=536">536</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01064">DB01064</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.3647.html">3647</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/L628TT009W">L628TT009W</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D08090">D08090</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/ChEMBL434">ChEMBL434</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID4023175">DTXSID4023175</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415550#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.028.807">100.028.807</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415550#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>11</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>17</sub><span title="Nitrogen">N</span><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>3</sub></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002211261000000000♠"></span>211.261</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=CC%28C%29NCC%28O%29c1cc%28O%29c%28O%29cc1">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">CC(C)NCC(O)c1cc(O)c(O)cc1</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C11H17NO3/c1-7(2)12-6-11(15)8-3-4-9(13)10(14)5-8/h3-5,7,11-15H,6H2,1-2H3<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">  <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=477495291&page2=Isoprenaline">(verify)</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Isoprenaline</b>, also known as <b>isoproterenol</b> and sold under the brand name <b>Isuprel</b> among others, is a <a href="/wiki/Sympathomimetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sympathomimetic">sympathomimetic</a> <a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">medication</a> which is used in the treatment of acute <a href="/wiki/Bradycardia" title="Bradycardia">bradycardia</a> (slow heart rate), <a href="/wiki/Heart_block" title="Heart block">heart block</a>, and rarely for <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>, among other indications.<sup id="cite_ref-Isuprel-Label_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isuprel-Label-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is used by <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous administration">injection into a vein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intramuscular_injection" title="Intramuscular injection">muscle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subcutaneous_injection" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcutaneous injection">fat</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Intracardiac_injection" title="Intracardiac injection">heart</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Inhalational_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Inhalational administration">inhalation</a>, and in the past <a href="/wiki/Sublingual_administration" title="Sublingual administration">under the tongue</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rectal_administration" title="Rectal administration">into the rectum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drugs@FDA_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs@FDA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Side_effect" title="Side effect">Side effects</a> of isoprenaline include <a href="/wiki/Tachycardia" title="Tachycardia">rapid heart beat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palpitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Palpitation">heart palpitations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arrhythmia" title="Arrhythmia">arrhythmias</a>, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-Isuprel-Label_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isuprel-Label-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isoprenaline is a <a href="/wiki/Binding_selectivity" title="Binding selectivity">selective</a> <a href="/wiki/Agonist" title="Agonist">agonist</a> of the <a href="/wiki/%CE%92-adrenergic_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Β-adrenergic receptor">β-adrenergic receptors</a>, including both the <a href="/wiki/%CE%921-adrenergic_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Β1-adrenergic receptor">β<sub>1</sub>-</a> and <a href="/wiki/%CE%922-adrenergic_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Β2-adrenergic receptor">β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic receptors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Isuprel-Label_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isuprel-Label-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By activating these <a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">receptors</a>, it increases <a href="/wiki/Heart_rate" title="Heart rate">heart rate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_contractility" title="Myocardial contractility">force of heart contractions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MotwaniSaunders2024_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MotwaniSaunders2024-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chemically, isoprenaline is a <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic compound">synthetic</a> <a href="/wiki/Catecholamine" title="Catecholamine">catecholamine</a> and is the <i>N</i>-<a href="/wiki/Isopropyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Isopropyl">isopropyl</a> <a href="/wiki/Structural_analogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural analogue">analogue</a> of <a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine" title="Norepinephrine">norepinephrine</a> (noradrenaline) and <a href="/wiki/Epinephrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine">epinephrine</a> (adrenaline).<sup id="cite_ref-PubChem_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PubChem-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ChemSpider_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChemSpider-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Konzett1981_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Konzett1981-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Isoprenaline was one of the first <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic compound">synthetic</a> <a href="/wiki/Sympathomimetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sympathomimetic">sympathomimetic</a> <a href="/wiki/Amine" title="Amine">amines</a> and was the first <a href="/wiki/Binding_selectivity" title="Binding selectivity">selective</a> β-adrenergic receptor agonist.<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan1990_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan1990-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RuženaJindraRenáta2020_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RuženaJindraRenáta2020-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The medication was discovered in 1940<sup id="cite_ref-Waldeck2002_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waldeck2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was introduced for medical use in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-MozayaniRaymon2003_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MozayaniRaymon2003-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoprenaline&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medical uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Isoprenaline is used to treat <a href="/wiki/Heart_block" title="Heart block">heart block</a> and episodes of <a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93Stokes_syndrome" title="Adams–Stokes syndrome">Adams–Stokes syndrome</a> that are not caused by <a href="/wiki/Ventricular_tachycardia" title="Ventricular tachycardia">ventricular tachycardia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fibrillation" title="Fibrillation">fibrillation</a>, in emergencies for <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_arrest" title="Cardiac arrest">cardiac arrest</a> until <a href="/wiki/Defibrillation" title="Defibrillation">electric shock</a> can be administered, for <a href="/wiki/Bronchospasm" title="Bronchospasm">bronchospasm</a> occurring during <a href="/wiki/Anesthesia" title="Anesthesia">anesthesia</a>, and as an <a href="/wiki/Adjunct_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjunct therapy">adjunct</a> in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Hypovolemic_shock" title="Hypovolemic shock">hypovolemic shock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Septic_shock" title="Septic shock">septic shock</a>, low <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_output" title="Cardiac output">cardiac output</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hypoperfusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypoperfusion">hypoperfusion</a>) states, <a href="/wiki/Congestive_heart_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Congestive heart failure">congestive heart failure</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cardiogenic_shock" title="Cardiogenic shock">cardiogenic shock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Isuprel-Label_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isuprel-Label-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also used to prevent <a href="/wiki/Torsades_de_Pointes" class="mw-redirect" title="Torsades de Pointes">Torsades de Pointes</a> in patients with <a href="/wiki/Long_QT" class="mw-redirect" title="Long QT">long QT</a> refractory to <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> and to treat patients with intermittent Torsades de Pointes refractory to treatment with magnesium.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohagan2022_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohagan2022-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isoprenaline is used in the acute management of bradycardia, though not in the chronic treatment of bradycardia.<sup id="cite_ref-KusumotoSchoenfeldBarrett2019_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KusumotoSchoenfeldBarrett2019-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, it was used to treat <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a> via metered aerosol or nebulizing devices; it was also available in sublingual, oral, intravenous, and intramuscular formulations.<sup id="cite_ref-MozayaniRaymon2003_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MozayaniRaymon2003-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel recommends against its use as a nebulizer for acute bronchoconstriction.<sup id="cite_ref-NAEPP2007_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAEPP2007-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Available_forms">Available forms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoprenaline&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Available forms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many formulations of isoprenaline appear to have been discontinued in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and many other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-Drugs@FDA_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs@FDA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndexNominum2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, it remains available only as an <a href="/wiki/Injection_(medicine)" title="Injection (medicine)">injectable</a> <a href="/wiki/Solution_(chemistry)" title="Solution (chemistry)">solution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Drugs@FDA_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs@FDA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was previously also available in the United States as a solution, metered <a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">aerosol</a>, powder, or disc for <a href="/wiki/Inhalational_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Inhalational administration">inhalation</a> and as a <a href="/wiki/Tablet_(pharmacy)" title="Tablet (pharmacy)">tablet</a> for <a href="/wiki/Sublingual_administration" title="Sublingual administration">sublingual</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rectal_administration" title="Rectal administration">rectal administration</a>, but these formulations were discontinued.<sup id="cite_ref-Drugs@FDA_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs@FDA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contraindications">Contraindications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoprenaline&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Contraindications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It should not be used in people with <a href="/wiki/Tachyarrhythmia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tachyarrhythmia">tachyarrhythmias</a> (except in special circumstances),<sup id="cite_ref-JongmanJepkes-BruinRamdat2007_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JongmanJepkes-BruinRamdat2007-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tachycardia" title="Tachycardia">tachycardia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Heart_block" title="Heart block">heart block</a> caused by <a href="/wiki/Digitalis" title="Digitalis">digitalis</a> poisoning, <a href="/wiki/Ventricular_arrhythmia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventricular arrhythmia">ventricular arrhythmias</a> which require <a href="/wiki/Inotrope#Positive_inotropic_agents" title="Inotrope">inotropic</a> therapy, or with <a href="/wiki/Angina" title="Angina">angina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Isuprel-Label_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isuprel-Label-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Side_effects">Side effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoprenaline&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Side effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Side_effect" title="Side effect">Side effects</a> of isoprenaline may include <a href="/wiki/Nervousness" class="mw-redirect" title="Nervousness">nervousness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">headache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dizziness" title="Dizziness">dizziness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">nausea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blurred_vision" title="Blurred vision">blurred vision</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tachycardia" title="Tachycardia">tachycardia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palpitations" title="Palpitations">palpitations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angina" title="Angina">angina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93Stokes_syndrome" title="Adams–Stokes syndrome">Adams-Stokes attacks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_edema" title="Pulmonary edema">pulmonary edema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">hypertension</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hypotension" title="Hypotension">hypotension</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ventricular_arrhythmia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventricular arrhythmia">ventricular arrhythmias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tachyarrhythmia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tachyarrhythmia">tachyarrhythmias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Difficulty_breathing" class="mw-redirect" title="Difficulty breathing">difficulty breathing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweating" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweating">sweating</a>, mild <a href="/wiki/Tremor" title="Tremor">tremors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weakness" title="Weakness">weakness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flushing_(physiology)" title="Flushing (physiology)">flushing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pallor" title="Pallor">pallor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Isuprel-Label_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isuprel-Label-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isoprenaline has been reported to cause <a href="/wiki/Insulin_resistance" title="Insulin resistance">insulin resistance</a> leading to <a href="/wiki/Diabetic_ketoacidosis" title="Diabetic ketoacidosis">diabetic ketoacidosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HoffKoh2018_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoffKoh2018-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overdose">Overdose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoprenaline&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Overdose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Overdose" class="mw-redirect" title="Overdose">Overdose</a> of isoprenaline may produce effects including <a href="/wiki/Tachycardia" title="Tachycardia">tachycardia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arrhythmia" title="Arrhythmia">arrhythmias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palpitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Palpitation">palpitations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angina" title="Angina">angina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hypotension" title="Hypotension">hypotension</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">hypertension</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">myocardial necrosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Isuprel-Label_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isuprel-Label-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoprenaline&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pharmacology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pharmacodynamics">Pharmacodynamics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoprenaline&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pharmacodynamics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Isoprenaline is a <a href="/wiki/Beta-1_adrenergic_receptor" title="Beta-1 adrenergic receptor">β<sub>1</sub>-</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beta-2_adrenergic_receptor" title="Beta-2 adrenergic receptor">β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Full_agonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Full agonist">full agonist</a> and has almost no <a href="/wiki/Biological_activity" title="Biological activity">activity</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Alpha_adrenergic_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha adrenergic receptor">α-adrenergic receptors</a> at lower concentrations.<sup id="cite_ref-MozayaniRaymon2003_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MozayaniRaymon2003-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EmilienMaloteaux1998_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EmilienMaloteaux1998-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has similar <a href="/wiki/Affinity_(pharmacology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Affinity (pharmacology)">affinity</a> for the β<sub>1</sub>- and β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic receptors.<sup id="cite_ref-EmilienMaloteaux1998_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EmilienMaloteaux1998-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sterling1995_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sterling1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At higher concentrations, isoprenaline can also evoke responses mediated by α-adrenergic receptors.<sup id="cite_ref-Sterling1995_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sterling1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FurchgottBhadrakom1953_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FurchgottBhadrakom1953-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CopikBaldysNguyen2015_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CopikBaldysNguyen2015-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its agonist effects at the <a href="/wiki/Trace_amine-associated_receptor_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Trace amine-associated receptor 1">trace amine-associated receptor 1</a> (TAAR1) additionally provide it with <a href="/wiki/Pharmacodynamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmacodynamic">pharmacodynamic</a> effects that resemble those of the endogenous <a href="/wiki/Trace_amine" title="Trace amine">trace amines</a>, like <a href="/wiki/Tyramine" title="Tyramine">tyramine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KleinauPratzkaNürnberg2011_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KleinauPratzkaNürnberg2011-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Isoprenaline's effects on the <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiovascular system">cardiovascular system</a> (non-selective) relate to its actions on <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">cardiac</a> β<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic receptors and β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic receptors on <a href="/wiki/Smooth_muscle" title="Smooth muscle">smooth muscle</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Tunica_media" title="Tunica media">tunica media</a> of <a href="/wiki/Arteriole" title="Arteriole">arterioles</a>. Isoprenaline has <a href="/wiki/Inotrope#Positive_inotropic_agents" title="Inotrope">positive inotropic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chronotropic" title="Chronotropic">chronotropic</a> effects on the heart. β<sub>2</sub>-Adrenergic receptor stimulation in <a href="/wiki/Arteriole" title="Arteriole">arteriolar</a> smooth muscle induces <a href="/wiki/Vasodilation" title="Vasodilation">vasodilation</a>. Its inotropic and chronotropic effects elevate <a href="/wiki/Systole" title="Systole">systolic</a> <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a>, while its vasodilatory effects tend to lower <a href="/wiki/Diastole" title="Diastole">diastolic</a> blood pressure. The overall effect is to decrease <a href="/wiki/Mean_arterial_pressure" title="Mean arterial pressure">mean arterial pressure</a> due to the vasodilation caused by β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic receptor activation.<sup id="cite_ref-Korbut2017_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Korbut2017-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Isopropylamine" title="Isopropylamine">isopropylamine</a> group in isoprenaline makes it selective for β-adrenergic receptors.<sup id="cite_ref-Mehta2011_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mehta2011-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The adverse effects of isoprenaline are also related to the drug's <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiovascular">cardiovascular</a> effects. Isoprenaline can produce <a href="/wiki/Tachycardia" title="Tachycardia">tachycardia</a> (an elevated <a href="/wiki/Heart_rate" title="Heart rate">heart rate</a>), which predisposes people who take it to <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_arrhythmia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiac arrhythmia">cardiac arrhythmias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MozayaniRaymon2003_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MozayaniRaymon2003-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoprenaline&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pharmacokinetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Absorption">Absorption</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoprenaline&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Absorption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Data on the <a href="/wiki/Absorption_(pharmacokinetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Absorption (pharmacokinetics)">absorption</a> of isoprenaline are limited.<sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">Oral</a> isoprenaline is <a href="/wiki/Absorption_(pharmacokinetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Absorption (pharmacokinetics)">well-absorbed</a> but is subject to strong <a href="/wiki/First-pass_metabolism" class="mw-redirect" title="First-pass metabolism">first-pass metabolism</a><sup id="cite_ref-George1981_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-George1981-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is approximately 1,000<span class="nowrap"> </span>times less <a href="/wiki/Potency_(pharmacology)" title="Potency (pharmacology)">potent</a> than <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous administration">intravenous administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ConollyDaviesDollery1972_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConollyDaviesDollery1972-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence, its oral <a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">bioavailability</a> is very low.<sup id="cite_ref-Waldeck2002_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waldeck2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ConollyDaviesDollery1972_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConollyDaviesDollery1972-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another study suggested that its oral bioavailability, based on <a href="/wiki/Pharmacodynamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmacodynamic">pharmacodynamic</a> activity via different routes, was slightly less than 4%.<sup id="cite_ref-George1981_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-George1981-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Redwood1969_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redwood1969-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Distribution">Distribution</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoprenaline&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Isoprenaline is minimally able to cross the <a href="/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93brain_barrier" title="Blood–brain barrier">blood–brain barrier</a> and hence is a <a href="/wiki/Peripherally_selective_drug" title="Peripherally selective drug">peripherally selective drug</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OlesenHougårdHertz1978_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OlesenHougårdHertz1978-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CrystalSalem2002_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrystalSalem2002-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is attributed to its high <a href="/wiki/Hydrophilicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrophilicity">hydrophilicity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OlesenHougårdHertz1978_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OlesenHougårdHertz1978-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whereas the extraction of isoprenaline in a single passage of the brain circulation following <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_injection" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous injection">intravenous injection</a> in humans was 3.8%, the extraction of propranolol, which is a more <a href="/wiki/Lipophilic" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipophilic">lipophilic</a> compound and is readily able to cross into the brain, was 63.0%.<sup id="cite_ref-OlesenHougårdHertz1978_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OlesenHougårdHertz1978-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Plasma_protein_binding" title="Plasma protein binding">plasma protein binding</a> of isoprenaline is 68.8 ± 1.2%.<sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is bound mainly to <a href="/wiki/Human_serum_albumin" title="Human serum albumin">albumin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Metabolism">Metabolism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoprenaline&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Metabolism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Isoprenaline is <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolized</a> by <a href="/wiki/Catechol_O-methyltransferase" class="mw-redirect" title="Catechol O-methyltransferase">catechol <i>O</i>-methyltransferase</a> (COMT) and <a href="/wiki/Conjugation_(biochemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conjugation (biochemistry)">conjugation</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sulfation" title="Sulfation">sulfation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan1990_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan1990-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ProcacciniSawyerWatt2019_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProcacciniSawyerWatt2019-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Szymanski2022_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Szymanski2022-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It does not appear to be <a href="/wiki/Glucuronidation" title="Glucuronidation">glucuronidated</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan1990_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan1990-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is very large <a href="/wiki/Interindividual_variability" class="mw-redirect" title="Interindividual variability">interindividual variability</a> in the sulfation of isoprenaline.<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan1990_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan1990-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The free <a href="/wiki/Catechol" title="Catechol">catechol</a> <a href="/wiki/Hydroxyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroxyl">hydroxyl</a> groups keep it susceptible to enzymatic metabolism.<sup id="cite_ref-Mehta2011_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mehta2011-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The drug is a poor <a href="/wiki/Substrate_(biochemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Substrate (biochemistry)">substrate</a> for <a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase" title="Monoamine oxidase">monoamine oxidase</a> (MAO) and is not metabolized by this enzyme.<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan1990_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan1990-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Isuprel-Label_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isuprel-Label-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Epinephrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine">epinephrine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine" title="Norepinephrine">norepinephrine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan1990_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan1990-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isoprenaline is much more strongly metabolized and conjugated with oral administration than with intravenous administration.<sup id="cite_ref-ConollyDaviesDollery1972_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConollyDaviesDollery1972-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its <a href="/wiki/Metabolite" title="Metabolite">metabolite</a> 3-<i>O</i>-methylisoprenaline, formed by COMT, is <a href="/wiki/Biological_activity" title="Biological activity">active</a> as a weak <a href="/wiki/Beta_blocker" title="Beta blocker">β-adrenergic receptor antagonist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan1990_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan1990-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Elimination">Elimination</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoprenaline&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Elimination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Isoprenaline is <a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">excreted</a> primarily in the <a href="/wiki/Urine" title="Urine">urine</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Sulfate" title="Sulfate">sulfate</a> <a href="/wiki/Conjugation_(biochemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conjugation (biochemistry)">conjugates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan1990_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan1990-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ProcacciniSawyerWatt2019_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProcacciniSawyerWatt2019-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Szymanski2022_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Szymanski2022-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is excreted 59 to 107% in urine and 12 to 27% in <a href="/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">feces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A majority of isoprenaline is excreted in urine in conjugated form, whereas 6.5 to 16.2% is excreted as unchanged isoprenaline and 2.6 to 11.4% is excreted as 3-O-methylisoprenaline and conjugates.<sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ConollyDaviesDollery1972_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConollyDaviesDollery1972-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Elimination_half-life" class="mw-redirect" title="Elimination half-life">elimination half-life</a> of isoprenaline by <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous administration">intravenous administration</a> is approximately 2.5 to 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its half-life with <a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">oral administration</a> is approximately 40<span class="nowrap"> </span>minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ConollyDaviesDollery1972_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConollyDaviesDollery1972-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoprenaline&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Isoprenaline, also known as <i>N</i>-isopropyl-3,4,β-trihydroxyphenethylamine or as <i>N</i>-isopropylnorepinephrine, is a <a href="/wiki/Substituted_phenethylamine" title="Substituted phenethylamine">substituted phenethylamine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic compound">synthetic</a> <a href="/wiki/Catecholamine" title="Catecholamine">catecholamine</a> <a href="/wiki/Chemical_derivative" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical derivative">derivative</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PubChem_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PubChem-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ChemSpider_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChemSpider-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Isuprel-Label_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isuprel-Label-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the <i>N</i>-<a href="/wiki/Isopropyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Isopropyl">isopropyl</a> <a href="/wiki/Structural_analogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural analogue">analogue</a> of <a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine" title="Norepinephrine">norepinephrine</a> (3,4,β-trihydroxyphenethylamine) and <a href="/wiki/Epinephrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine">epinephrine</a> (3,4,β-trihydroxy-<i>N</i>-methylphenethylamine).<sup id="cite_ref-PubChem_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PubChem-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Konzett1981_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Konzett1981-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Isoprenaline is a <a href="/wiki/Small-molecule" class="mw-redirect" title="Small-molecule">small-molecule</a> <a href="/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound">compound</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Molecular_formula" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecular formula">molecular formula</a> C<sub>11</sub>H<sub>17</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> and a <a href="/wiki/Molecular_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecular weight">molecular weight</a> of 211.26<span class="nowrap"> </span>g/mol.<sup id="cite_ref-PubChem_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PubChem-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ChemSpider_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChemSpider-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Isuprel-Label_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isuprel-Label-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a <a href="/wiki/Hydrophilic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrophilic">hydrophilic</a> compound<sup id="cite_ref-OlesenHougårdHertz1978_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OlesenHougårdHertz1978-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a predicted <a href="/wiki/Partition_coefficient" title="Partition coefficient">log P</a> of -0.6 to 0.25.<sup id="cite_ref-PubChem_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PubChem-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ChemSpider_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChemSpider-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For comparison, the experimental log P values of epinephrine and norepinephrine are -1.37 and -1.24, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-PubChem-Epinephrine_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PubChem-Epinephrine-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PubChem-Norepinephrine_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PubChem-Norepinephrine-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Isoprenaline is used pharmaceutically as the <a href="/wiki/Hydrochloride" title="Hydrochloride">hydrochloride</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sulfate" title="Sulfate">sulfate</a> <a href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry)">salts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndexNominum2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also used to a much lesser extent as the <a href="/wiki/Free_base" title="Free base">free base</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndexNominum2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Isoprenaline is a <a href="/wiki/Racemic_mixture" title="Racemic mixture">racemic mixture</a> of <a href="/wiki/Levorotatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Levorotatory">levorotatory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dextrorotatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Dextrorotatory">dextrorotatory</a> <a href="/wiki/Enantiomer" title="Enantiomer">enantiomers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PubChem_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PubChem-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_3-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ChemSpider_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChemSpider-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The levorotatory or (<i>R</i>)-enantiomer of isoprenaline is known as levisoprenaline (<a href="/wiki/International_Nonproprietary_Name" class="mw-redirect" title="International Nonproprietary Name"><abbr title="International Nonproprietary Name">INN</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip International Nonproprietary Name</span>) but was never marketed.<sup id="cite_ref-Elks2014_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elks2014-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MortonHall2012_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MortonHall2012-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MortonHall2012-Levisoprenaline_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MortonHall2012-Levisoprenaline-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Synthetic analogues closely related to isoprenaline include <a href="/wiki/Arbutamine" title="Arbutamine">arbutamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dichloroisoprenaline" title="Dichloroisoprenaline">dichloroisoprenaline</a> (dichloroisoproterenol), <a href="/wiki/Hexoprenaline" title="Hexoprenaline">hexoprenaline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isoetharine" class="mw-redirect" title="Isoetharine">isoetharine</a> (α-ethylisoprenaline), <a href="/wiki/Orciprenaline" title="Orciprenaline">orciprenaline</a> (metaproterenol; a <a href="/wiki/Positional_isomer" class="mw-redirect" title="Positional isomer">positional isomer</a> of isoprenaline), <a href="/wiki/Prenalterol" title="Prenalterol">prenalterol</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Soterenol" title="Soterenol">soterenol</a> (3-methanesulfonamidylisoprenaline), among others.<sup id="cite_ref-Waldeck2002_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waldeck2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoprenaline&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Isoprenaline was discovered in 1940<sup id="cite_ref-Waldeck2002_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waldeck2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was developed in the 1940s.<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan1990_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan1990-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was first approved for medical use in 1947 in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MozayaniRaymon2003_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MozayaniRaymon2003-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isoprenaline was one of the first <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic compound">synthetic</a> <a href="/wiki/Sympathomimetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sympathomimetic">sympathomimetic</a> <a href="/wiki/Amine" title="Amine">amines</a>, was the first <a href="/wiki/Binding_selectivity" title="Binding selectivity">selective</a> <a href="/wiki/Beta-adrenergic_agonist" title="Beta-adrenergic agonist">β-adrenergic receptor agonist</a>, and was the first major sympathomimetic agent devoid of <a href="/wiki/Vasopressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasopressor">pressor</a> effects.<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan1990_7-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan1990-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RuženaJindraRenáta2020_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RuženaJindraRenáta2020-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1963 and 1968 in England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand there was an increase in deaths among people using isoprenaline to treat asthma. This was attributed to unintentional <a href="/wiki/Overdose" class="mw-redirect" title="Overdose">overdose</a>: the inhalers produced in that area were dispensing five times the dosage dispensed by inhalers produced in the United States and Canada, where the deaths were not observed.<sup id="cite_ref-PearceHensley1998_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PearceHensley1998-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jalba2008_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jalba2008-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The short <a href="/wiki/Duration_of_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Duration of action">duration of action</a> and poor <a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">oral</a> activity of isoprenaline led to the development of the much longer-acting and orally active <a href="/wiki/Orciprenaline" title="Orciprenaline">orciprenaline</a> (metaproterenol).<sup id="cite_ref-Derendorf1995_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derendorf1995-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morgan1990_7-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan1990-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoprenaline&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Names">Names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoprenaline&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Isoprenaline</i> is the major <a href="/wiki/Generic_term" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic term">generic name</a> of the drug and its <a href="/wiki/International_Nonproprietary_Name" class="mw-redirect" title="International Nonproprietary Name"><abbr title="International Nonproprietary Name">INN</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip International Nonproprietary Name</span>, <a href="/wiki/British_Approved_Name" title="British Approved Name"><abbr title="British Approved Name">BAN</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip British Approved Name</span>, and <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9nomination_Commune_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Dénomination Commune Française"><abbr title="Dénomination Commune Française">DCF</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Dénomination Commune Française</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Elks2014_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elks2014-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndexNominum2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MortonHall2012_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MortonHall2012-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Isoprenalina</i> is its <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> generic name and its <a href="/wiki/Denominazione_Comune_Italiana" title="Denominazione Comune Italiana"><abbr title="Denominazione Comune Italiana">DCIT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Denominazione Comune Italiana</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndexNominum2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Isoprenaline hydrochloride</i> and <i>isoprenaline sulfate</i> are its <a href="/wiki/British_Approved_Name" title="British Approved Name"><abbr title="British Approved Name">BANM</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip British Approved Name</span> in the case of the <a href="/wiki/Hydrochloride" title="Hydrochloride">hydrochloride</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sulfate" title="Sulfate">sulfate</a> <a href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry)">salts</a>, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndexNominum2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Isoproterenol</i> is another important synonym of the drug.<sup id="cite_ref-Elks2014_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elks2014-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndexNominum2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Isoproterenol hydrochloride</i> is its <a href="/wiki/United_States_Adopted_Name" title="United States Adopted Name"><abbr title="United States Adopted Name">USAN</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip United States Adopted Name</span> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Accepted_Name" title="Japanese Accepted Name"><abbr title="Japanese Accepted Name">JAN</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Japanese Accepted Name</span> in the case of the hydrochloride salt and <i>isoproterenol sulfate</i> is its <abbr title="United States Adopted Name">USAN</abbr> and <abbr title="Japanese Accepted Name">JAN</abbr> in the case of the sulfate salt.<sup id="cite_ref-Elks2014_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elks2014-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndexNominum2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MortonHall2012_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MortonHall2012-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other synonyms of the drug include <i>isopropylnorepinephrine</i>, <i>isopropylnoradrenaline</i>, and <i>isopropydine</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Elks2014_35-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elks2014-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndexNominum2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MortonHall2012_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MortonHall2012-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is additionally known by the former developmental code name <i>WIN-5162</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndexNominum2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Isoprenaline has been marketed under many brand names worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndexNominum2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include Aleudrina, Asthpul, Iludrin, Iprenol, Isomenyl, Isuprel, Isoprenaline, Isoprenalina, Isoproterenol, Neo-Epinine, Neodrenal, Proternol, and Saventrine, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndexNominum2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also marketed as a <a href="/wiki/Combination_drug" title="Combination drug">combination drug</a> with <a href="/wiki/Cromoglicic_acid" title="Cromoglicic acid">cromoglicic acid</a> as Frenal Compositum, in combination with <a href="/wiki/Pronase" title="Pronase">pronase</a> as Isopal P, and in combination with <a href="/wiki/Atropine" title="Atropine">atropine</a> as Stmerin D.<sup id="cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoprenaline&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IndexNominum2004-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IndexNominum2004_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchweizerischer_Apotheker-Verein2004" class="citation book cs1">Schweizerischer Apotheker-Verein (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EgeuA47Ocm4C&pg=PA662"><i>Index Nominum: International Drug Directory</i></a>. Index Nominum: International Drug Directory. Medpharm Scientific Publishers. p. 662. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-88763-101-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-88763-101-7"><bdi>978-3-88763-101-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Index+Nominum%3A+International+Drug+Directory&rft.series=Index+Nominum%3A+International+Drug+Directory&rft.pages=662&rft.pub=Medpharm+Scientific+Publishers&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-3-88763-101-7&rft.au=Schweizerischer+Apotheker-Verein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEgeuA47Ocm4C%26pg%3DPA662&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsoprenaline" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drugs.com-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drugs.com_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190626083242/https://www.drugs.com/international/isoprenaline.html">"Isoprenaline"</a>. <i>drugs.com</i>. 6 August 2017. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=drugs.com&rft.atitle=Isoprenaline&rft.date=2017-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Finternational%2Fisoprenaline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsoprenaline" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DrugBank-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugBank_3-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB01064">"Isoprenaline: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action"</a>. <i>DrugBank Online</i>. 19 February 1948<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3205048">"Differential modulation of Beta-adrenergic receptor signaling by trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonists"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>6</b> (10): e27073. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PLoSO...627073K">2011PLoSO...627073K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0027073">10.1371/journal.pone.0027073</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3205048">3205048</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22073124">22073124</a>. <q>Table 1. EC50 values of different agonists at hTAAR1, hADRB1 and hADRB2</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Differential+modulation+of+Beta-adrenergic+receptor+signaling+by+trace+amine-associated+receptor+1+agonists&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=e27073&rft.date=2011-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3205048%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22073124&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0027073&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011PLoSO...627073K&rft.aulast=Kleinau&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=Pratzka%2C+J&rft.au=N%C3%BCrnberg%2C+D&rft.au=Gr%C3%BCters%2C+A&rft.au=F%C3%BChrer-Sakel%2C+D&rft.au=Krude%2C+H&rft.au=K%C3%B6hrle%2C+J&rft.au=Sch%C3%B6neberg%2C+T&rft.au=Biebermann%2C+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3205048&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsoprenaline" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Korbut2017-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Korbut2017_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorbut2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Korbut R (2017). <i>Farmakologia</i> (in Polish). 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Pharmaxchange. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pharmaxchange.info/notes/medicinal_chemistry/adrenergics_cholinergics.html">the original</a> on 4 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Notes+-+Medicinal+Chemistry+of+the+Peripheral+Nervous+System+-+Adrenergics+and+Cholinergic&rft.pub=Pharmaxchange&rft.date=2011-01-27&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpharmaxchange.info%2Fnotes%2Fmedicinal_chemistry%2Fadrenergics_cholinergics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsoprenaline" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-George1981-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-George1981_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-George1981_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge1981" class="citation journal cs1">George CF (1981). 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"Isoproterenol and propranolol: ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and effects on cerebral circulation in man". <i>Stroke</i>. <b>9</b> (4): 344–349. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.str.9.4.344">10.1161/01.str.9.4.344</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/209581">209581</a>. <q>Mean extraction of isoproterenol in a single passage of the brain circulation was 3.8% and the calculated PS product was 2.0 ml/100g/min. The mean extraction of propranolol was 63.0% and the mean PS product 46.7 ml/100 g/min. [...] Passage of Isoproterenol and Propranolol Across Blood–Brain Barrier: No data are available in the literature concerning the ability of isoproterenol to cross the blood-brain barrier. From the hydrophilic nature of the molecule one might expect diffusion to be very slow, but the possibility of active uptake mechanisms still existed. The extraction of 3.8% found in the present study corresponds to that of sodium or other hydrophilic molecules.12 It is likely that a significant part of this extraction stems from areas known to be devoid of a blood-brain barrier. The extraction is clearly much smaller than that seen for amino acids and other substances that pass the barrier by facilitated diffusion.14</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stroke&rft.atitle=Isoproterenol+and+propranolol%3A+ability+to+cross+the+blood-brain+barrier+and+effects+on+cerebral+circulation+in+man&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=344-349&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1161%2F01.str.9.4.344&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F209581&rft.aulast=Olesen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Houg%C3%A5rd%2C+K&rft.au=Hertz%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsoprenaline" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CrystalSalem2002-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CrystalSalem2002_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrystalSalem2002" class="citation journal cs1">Crystal GJ, Salem MR (October 2002). "Beta-adrenergic stimulation restores oxygen extraction reserve during acute normovolemic hemodilution". <i>Anesth Analg</i>. <b>95</b> (4): 851–857, table of contents. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00000539-200210000-00011">10.1097/00000539-200210000-00011</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12351256">12351256</a>. <q>The lack of effect of blood-borne catecholamines, including isoproterenol, on cerebral blood flow has been attributed to their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (26).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anesth+Analg&rft.atitle=Beta-adrenergic+stimulation+restores+oxygen+extraction+reserve+during+acute+normovolemic+hemodilution&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=851-857%2C+table+of+contents&rft.date=2002-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F00000539-200210000-00011&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12351256&rft.aulast=Crystal&rft.aufirst=GJ&rft.au=Salem%2C+MR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsoprenaline" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ProcacciniSawyerWatt2019-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ProcacciniSawyerWatt2019_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ProcacciniSawyerWatt2019_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProcacciniSawyerWatt2019" class="citation book cs1">Procaccini DE, Sawyer JE, Watt KM (2019). 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and<br /><a href="/wiki/Dopaminergic" title="Dopaminergic">dopaminergic</a> agents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adrenergic_agonist" title="Adrenergic agonist">Adrenergic agonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">α</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denopamine" title="Denopamine">Denopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaraminol" title="Metaraminol">Metaraminol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxamine" title="Methoxamine">Methoxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midodrine" title="Midodrine">Midodrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfenefrine" title="Norfenefrine">Norfenefrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synephrine" title="Synephrine">Oxedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylephrine" title="Phenylephrine">Phenylephrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">β</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbutamine" title="Arbutamine">Arbutamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobutamine" title="Dobutamine">Dobutamine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isoprenaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenalterol" title="Prenalterol">Prenalterol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">mixed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amezinium_metilsulfate" title="Amezinium metilsulfate">Amezinium metilsulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droxidopa" title="Droxidopa">Droxidopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinephrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine">Epinephrine</a> #</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etilefrine" title="Etilefrine">Etilefrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine_(medication)" title="Norepinephrine (medication)">Norepinephrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dopamine_agonist" title="Dopamine agonist">Dopamine agonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fenoldopam" title="Fenoldopam">Fenoldopam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Both</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Docarpamine" title="Docarpamine">Docarpamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">Dopamine</a> #</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopexamine" title="Dopexamine">Dopexamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibopamine" title="Ibopamine">Ibopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopamine" title="Octopamine">Octopamine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unknown/ungrouped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cafedrine" title="Cafedrine">Cafedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimetofrine" title="Dimetofrine">Dimetofrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gepefrine" title="Gepefrine">Gepefrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mephentermine" title="Mephentermine">Mephentermine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodrenaline" title="Theodrenaline">Theodrenaline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phosphodiesterase_inhibitor" title="Phosphodiesterase inhibitor">Phosphodiesterase inhibitors</a> (<a href="/wiki/PDE3_inhibitor" title="PDE3 inhibitor">PDE3I</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amrinone" title="Amrinone">Amrinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucladesine" title="Bucladesine">Bucladesine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoximone" title="Enoximone">Enoximone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milrinone" title="Milrinone">Milrinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesnarinone" title="Vesnarinone">Vesnarinone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cardiac stimulants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angiotensinamide" title="Angiotensinamide">Angiotensinamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levosimendan" title="Levosimendan">Levosimendan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omecamtiv_mecarbil" title="Omecamtiv mecarbil">Omecamtiv mecarbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimobendan" title="Pimobendan">Pimobendan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xamoterol" title="Xamoterol">Xamoterol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Drugs_for_obstructive_airway_diseases:_asthma/COPD_(R03)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Drugs_for_obstructive_airway_diseases" title="Template:Drugs for obstructive airway diseases"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Drugs_for_obstructive_airway_diseases" title="Template talk:Drugs for obstructive airway diseases"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Drugs_for_obstructive_airway_diseases" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Drugs for obstructive airway diseases"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Drugs_for_obstructive_airway_diseases:_asthma/COPD_(R03)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Drugs for <a href="/wiki/Obstructive_airway_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstructive airway disease">obstructive airway diseases</a>: <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>/<a href="/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease" title="Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease">COPD</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_R03" title="ATC code R03">R03</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adrenergic_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrenergic drug">Adrenergics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inhalant" title="Inhalant">inhalants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beta2-adrenergic_agonist#Short-acting_.CE.B22_agonists" title="Beta2-adrenergic agonist">Short-acting β<sub>2</sub> agonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitolterol" title="Bitolterol">Bitolterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbuterol" title="Carbuterol">Carbuterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenoterol" title="Fenoterol">Fenoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoetarine" title="Isoetarine">Isoetarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirbuterol" title="Pirbuterol">Pirbuterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procaterol" title="Procaterol">Procaterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproterol" title="Reproterol">Reproterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimiterol" title="Rimiterol">Rimiterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salbutamol" title="Salbutamol">Salbutamol (albuterol)</a><sup>#</sup>/<a href="/wiki/Levosalbutamol" title="Levosalbutamol">Levosalbutamol (levalbuterol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terbutaline" title="Terbutaline">Terbutaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulobuterol" title="Tulobuterol">Tulobuterol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Long-acting_beta-adrenoceptor_agonist" title="Long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist">Long-acting β<sub>2</sub> agonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambuterol" title="Bambuterol">Bambuterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clenbuterol" title="Clenbuterol">Clenbuterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formoterol" title="Formoterol">Formoterol</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arformoterol" title="Arformoterol">Arformoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmeterol" title="Salmeterol">Salmeterol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Long-acting_beta-adrenoceptor_agonist#Ultra-LABAs" title="Long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist">Ultra-long-acting β<sub>2</sub> agonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abediterol" title="Abediterol">Abediterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmoterol" title="Carmoterol">Carmoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indacaterol" title="Indacaterol">Indacaterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olodaterol" title="Olodaterol">Olodaterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilanterol" title="Vilanterol">Vilanterol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clorprenaline" title="Clorprenaline">Clorprenaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephedrine" title="Ephedrine">Ephedrine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Theophylline_ephedrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Theophylline ephedrine">+theophylline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tedral" title="Tedral">+theophylline/phenobarbital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marax" class="mw-redirect" title="Marax">theophylline/hydroxyzine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinephrine_(medication)" title="Epinephrine (medication)">Epinephrine</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etafedrine" title="Etafedrine">Etafedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexoprenaline" title="Hexoprenaline">Hexoprenaline</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isoprenaline (isoproterenol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylephedrine" title="Methylephedrine">Methylephedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orciprenaline" title="Orciprenaline">Orciprenaline (metaproterenol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racephedrine" title="Racephedrine">Racephedrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">Glucocorticoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beclometasone_dipropionate" class="mw-redirect" title="Beclometasone dipropionate">Beclometasone</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betamethasone" title="Betamethasone">Betamethasone</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budesonide" title="Budesonide">Budesonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclesonide" title="Ciclesonide">Ciclesonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flunisolide" title="Flunisolide">Flunisolide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluticasone_propionate" title="Fluticasone propionate">Fluticasone propionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mometasone_furoate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mometasone furoate">Mometasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triamcinolone" title="Triamcinolone">Triamcinolone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anticholinergic" title="Anticholinergic">Anticholinergics</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_antagonist" title="Muscarinic antagonist">muscarinic antagonist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aclidinium_bromide" title="Aclidinium bromide">Aclidinium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycopyrronium_bromide" title="Glycopyrronium bromide">Glycopyrronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipratropium_bromide" title="Ipratropium bromide">Ipratropium bromide</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxitropium_bromide" title="Oxitropium bromide">Oxitropium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiotropium_bromide" title="Tiotropium bromide">Tiotropium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umeclidinium_bromide" title="Umeclidinium bromide">Umeclidinium bromide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mast_cell_stabilizer" title="Mast cell stabilizer">Mast cell stabilizers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cromoglicic_acid" title="Cromoglicic acid">Cromoglicate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedocromil" title="Nedocromil">Nedocromil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xanthine" title="Xanthine">Xanthines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acefylline" title="Acefylline">Acefylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambuphylline" title="Ambuphylline">Ambuphylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminophylline" title="Aminophylline">Aminophylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamifylline" title="Bamifylline">Bamifylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choline_theophyllinate" title="Choline theophyllinate">Choline theophyllinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxofylline" title="Doxofylline">Doxofylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enprofylline" title="Enprofylline">Enprofylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etamiphylline" title="Etamiphylline">Etamiphylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxyphylline" title="Proxyphylline">Proxyphylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophylline" title="Theophylline">Theophylline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eicosanoid" title="Eicosanoid">Eicosanoid</a> inhibition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Leukotriene antagonist">Leukotriene antagonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montelukast" title="Montelukast">Montelukast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranlukast" title="Pranlukast">Pranlukast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafirlukast" title="Zafirlukast">Zafirlukast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arachidonate_5-lipoxygenase_inhibitor" title="Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor">Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zileuton" title="Zileuton">Zileuton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thromboxane_receptor_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Thromboxane receptor antagonist">Thromboxane receptor antagonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramatroban" title="Ramatroban">Ramatroban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seratrodast" title="Seratrodast">Seratrodast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-xanthine <a href="/wiki/PDE4_inhibitor" title="PDE4 inhibitor">PDE4 inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibudilast" title="Ibudilast">Ibudilast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roflumilast" title="Roflumilast">Roflumilast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others/unknown</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amlexanox" title="Amlexanox">Amlexanox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensifentrine" title="Ensifentrine">Ensifentrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eprozinol" title="Eprozinol">Eprozinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenspiride" title="Fenspiride">Fenspiride</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omalizumab" title="Omalizumab">Omalizumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combination products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aclidinium_bromide/formoterol" title="Aclidinium bromide/formoterol">Aclidinium bromide/formoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beclometasone/formoterol" title="Beclometasone/formoterol">Beclometasone/formoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium_bromide" title="Beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium bromide">Beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budesonide/formoterol" title="Budesonide/formoterol">Budesonide/formoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budesonide/glycopyrronium_bromide/formoterol" title="Budesonide/glycopyrronium bromide/formoterol">Budesonide/glycopyrronium bromide/formoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluticasone_furoate/umeclidinium_bromide/vilanterol" title="Fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol">Fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluticasone_furoate/vilanterol" title="Fluticasone furoate/vilanterol">Fluticasone furoate/vilanterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluticasone_propionate/salmeterol" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol">Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycopyrronium_bromide/formoterol" title="Glycopyrronium bromide/formoterol">Glycopyrronium bromide/formoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indacaterol/glycopyrronium_bromide" title="Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide">Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indacaterol/glycopyrronium_bromide/mometasone" title="Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide/mometasone">Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide/mometasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indacaterol/mometasone" title="Indacaterol/mometasone">Indacaterol/mometasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipratropium_bromide/salbutamol" title="Ipratropium bromide/salbutamol">Ipratropium bromide/salbutamol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mometasone/formoterol" title="Mometasone/formoterol">Mometasone/formoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salbutamol/budesonide" title="Salbutamol/budesonide">Salbutamol (albuterol)/budesonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophylline/ephedrine" title="Theophylline/ephedrine">Theophylline/ephedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marax" class="mw-redirect" title="Marax">Theophylline/ephedrine/hydroxyzine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedral" title="Tedral">Theophylline/ephedrine/phenobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umeclidinium_bromide/vilanterol" title="Umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol">Umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Adrenergic_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adrenergic_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Adrenergic receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adrenergic_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Adrenergic receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adrenergic_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adrenergic receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Adrenergic_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Adrenergic_receptor" title="Adrenergic receptor">Adrenergic receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alpha-1_adrenergic_receptor" title="Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor">α<sub>1</sub></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6-Fluoronorepinephrine" title="6-Fluoronorepinephrine">6-FNE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amidephrine" title="Amidephrine">Amidephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buspirone" title="Buspirone">Buspirone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirazoline" title="Cirazoline">Cirazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbadrine" title="Corbadrine">Corbadrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deoxyepinephrine" title="Deoxyepinephrine">Deoxyepinephrine (epinine, <i>N</i>-methyldopamine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desglymidodrine" title="Desglymidodrine">Desglymidodrine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexisometheptene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dexisometheptene (page does not exist)">Dexisometheptene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipivefrine" title="Dipivefrine">Dipivefrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">Dopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droxidopa" title="Droxidopa">Droxidopa (L-DOPS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinephrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine">Epinephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etilefrine" title="Etilefrine">Etilefrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etilevodopa" title="Etilevodopa">Etilevodopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylnorepinephrine" title="Ethylnorepinephrine">Ethylnorepinephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibopamine" title="Ibopamine">Ibopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indanidine" title="Indanidine">Indanidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isometheptene" title="Isometheptene">Isometheptene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-DOPA" title="L-DOPA">L-DOPA (levodopa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylalanine" title="Phenylalanine">L-Phenylalanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrosine" title="Tyrosine">L-Tyrosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melevodopa" title="Melevodopa">Melevodopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaraminol" title="Metaraminol">Metaraminol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxamine" title="Methoxamine">Methoxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyldopa" title="Methyldopa">Methyldopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midodrine" title="Midodrine">Midodrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphazoline" title="Naphazoline">Naphazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine" title="Norepinephrine">Norepinephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopamine" title="Octopamine">Octopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxymetazoline" title="Oxymetazoline">Oxymetazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylephrine" title="Phenylephrine">Phenylephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylpropanolamine" title="Phenylpropanolamine">Phenylpropanolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synephrine" title="Synephrine">Synephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetryzoline" title="Tetryzoline">Tetryzoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiamenidine" title="Tiamenidine">Tiamenidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XP21279" class="mw-redirect" title="XP21279">XP21279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xylometazoline" title="Xylometazoline">Xylometazoline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abanoquil" title="Abanoquil">Abanoquil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajmalicine" title="Ajmalicine">Ajmalicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfuzosin" title="Alfuzosin">Alfuzosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisodamine" title="Anisodamine">Anisodamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisodine" title="Anisodine">Anisodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atiprosin" title="Atiprosin">Atiprosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atypical_antipsychotic" title="Atypical antipsychotic">Atypical antipsychotics</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Brexpiprazole" title="Brexpiprazole">brexpiprazole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clozapine" title="Clozapine">clozapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olanzapine" title="Olanzapine">olanzapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quetiapine" title="Quetiapine">quetiapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Risperidone" title="Risperidone">risperidone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benoxathian" title="Benoxathian">Benoxathian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_blocker" title="Beta blocker">Beta blockers</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Adimolol" title="Adimolol">adimolol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amosulalol" title="Amosulalol">amosulalol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arotinolol" title="Arotinolol">arotinolol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carvedilol" title="Carvedilol">carvedilol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugenodilol" title="Eugenodilol">eugenodilol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labetalol" title="Labetalol">labetalol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buflomedil" title="Buflomedil">Buflomedil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunazosin" title="Bunazosin">Bunazosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corynanthine" title="Corynanthine">Corynanthine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapiprazole" title="Dapiprazole">Dapiprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domesticine" title="Domesticine">Domesticine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxazosin" title="Doxazosin">Doxazosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergoline" title="Ergoline">Ergolines</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Acetergamine" title="Acetergamine">acetergamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ergotamine" title="Ergotamine">ergotamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dihydroergotamine" title="Dihydroergotamine">dihydroergotamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisuride" title="Lisuride">lisuride</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicergoline" title="Nicergoline">nicergoline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terguride" title="Terguride">terguride</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etoperidone" title="Etoperidone">Etoperidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenspiride" title="Fenspiride">Fenspiride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxyzine" title="Hydroxyzine">Hydroxyzine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoramin" title="Indoramin">Indoramin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketanserin" title="Ketanserin">Ketanserin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-765,314" title="L-765,314">L-765,314</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine" title="Meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine">mCPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepiprazole" title="Mepiprazole">Mepiprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metazosin" title="Metazosin">Metazosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monatepil" title="Monatepil">Monatepil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxisylyte" title="Moxisylyte">Moxisylyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftopidil" title="Naftopidil">Naftopidil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantenine" title="Nantenine">Nantenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neldazosin" title="Neldazosin">Neldazosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niaprazine" title="Niaprazine">Niaprazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niguldipine" title="Niguldipine">Niguldipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardoprunox" title="Pardoprunox">Pardoprunox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelanserin" title="Pelanserin">Pelanserin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perlapine" title="Perlapine">Perlapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phendioxan" title="Phendioxan">Phendioxan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenoxybenzamine" title="Phenoxybenzamine">Phenoxybenzamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phentolamine" title="Phentolamine">Phentolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylpiperazine" title="Phenylpiperazine">Phenylpiperazine</a> <a href="/wiki/Antidepressant" title="Antidepressant">antidepressants</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Hydroxynefazodone" title="Hydroxynefazodone">hydroxynefazodone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nefazodone" title="Nefazodone">nefazodone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trazodone" title="Trazodone">trazodone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triazoledione" title="Triazoledione">triazoledione</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperoxan" title="Piperoxan">Piperoxan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prazosin" title="Prazosin">Prazosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinazosin" title="Quinazosin">Quinazosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinidine" title="Quinidine">Quinidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silodosin" title="Silodosin">Silodosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spegatrine" title="Spegatrine">Spegatrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiperone" title="Spiperone">Spiperone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talipexole" title="Talipexole">Talipexole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamsulosin" title="Tamsulosin">Tamsulosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terazosin" title="Terazosin">Terazosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiodazosin" title="Tiodazosin">Tiodazosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolazoline" title="Tolazoline">Tolazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracyclic_antidepressant" title="Tetracyclic antidepressant">Tetracyclic antidepressants</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Amoxapine" title="Amoxapine">amoxapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maprotiline" title="Maprotiline">maprotiline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mianserin" title="Mianserin">mianserin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressant" title="Tricyclic antidepressant">Tricyclic antidepressants</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">amitriptyline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clomipramine" title="Clomipramine">clomipramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doxepin" title="Doxepin">doxepin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imipramine" title="Imipramine">imipramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trimipramine" title="Trimipramine">trimipramine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimazosin" title="Trimazosin">Trimazosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typical_antipsychotic" title="Typical antipsychotic">Typical antipsychotics</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Chlorpromazine" title="Chlorpromazine">chlorpromazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluphenazine" title="Fluphenazine">fluphenazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loxapine" title="Loxapine">loxapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thioridazine" title="Thioridazine">thioridazine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urapidil" title="Urapidil">Urapidil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WB-4101" title="WB-4101">WB-4101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zolertine" title="Zolertine">Zolertine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alpha-2_adrenergic_receptor" title="Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor">α<sub>2</sub></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/(R)-3-Nitrobiphenyline" title="(R)-3-Nitrobiphenyline">(R)-3-Nitrobiphenyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-NEMD" title="4-NEMD">4-NEMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6-Fluoronorepinephrine" title="6-Fluoronorepinephrine">6-FNE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitraz" title="Amitraz">Amitraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apraclonidine" title="Apraclonidine">Apraclonidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brimonidine" title="Brimonidine">Brimonidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonidine" title="Clonidine">Clonidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbadrine" title="Corbadrine">Corbadrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deoxyepinephrine" title="Deoxyepinephrine">Deoxyepinephrine (epinine, <i>N</i>-methyldopamine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detomidine" title="Detomidine">Detomidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexmedetomidine" title="Dexmedetomidine">Dexmedetomidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydroergotamine" title="Dihydroergotamine">Dihydroergotamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipivefrine" title="Dipivefrine">Dipivefrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">Dopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droxidopa" title="Droxidopa">Droxidopa (L-DOPS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etilevodopa" title="Etilevodopa">Etilevodopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergotamine" title="Ergotamine">Ergotamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinephrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine">Epinephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etilefrine" title="Etilefrine">Etilefrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylnorepinephrine" title="Ethylnorepinephrine">Ethylnorepinephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanabenz" title="Guanabenz">Guanabenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanfacine" title="Guanfacine">Guanfacine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanoxabenz" title="Guanoxabenz">Guanoxabenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-DOPA" title="L-DOPA">L-DOPA (levodopa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylalanine" title="Phenylalanine">L-Phenylalanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrosine" title="Tyrosine">L-Tyrosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibopamine" title="Ibopamine">Ibopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofexidine" title="Lofexidine">Lofexidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medetomidine" title="Medetomidine">Medetomidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melevodopa" title="Melevodopa">Melevodopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyldopa" title="Methyldopa">Methyldopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mivazerol" title="Mivazerol">Mivazerol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxonidine" title="Moxonidine">Moxonidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphazoline" title="Naphazoline">Naphazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine" title="Norepinephrine">Norepinephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxymetazoline" title="Oxymetazoline">Oxymetazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylpropanolamine" title="Phenylpropanolamine">Phenylpropanolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperoxan" title="Piperoxan">Piperoxan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PS75" title="PS75">PS75</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rezatomidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rezatomidine (page does not exist)">Rezatomidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilmenidine" title="Rilmenidine">Rilmenidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romifidine" title="Romifidine">Romifidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talipexole" title="Talipexole">Talipexole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tasipimidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tasipimidine (page does not exist)">Tasipimidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetryzoline" title="Tetryzoline">Tetryzoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiamenidine" title="Tiamenidine">Tiamenidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tizanidine" title="Tizanidine">Tizanidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolonidine" title="Tolonidine">Tolonidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urapidil" title="Urapidil">Urapidil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatinoxan" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatinoxan">Vatinoxan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XP21279" class="mw-redirect" title="XP21279">XP21279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xylazine" title="Xylazine">Xylazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xylometazoline" title="Xylometazoline">Xylometazoline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyrimidinylpiperazine" title="Pyrimidinylpiperazine">1-PP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adimolol" title="Adimolol">Adimolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amesergide" title="Amesergide">Amesergide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aptazapine" title="Aptazapine">Aptazapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atipamezole" title="Atipamezole">Atipamezole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atypical_antipsychotic" title="Atypical antipsychotic">Atypical antipsychotics</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Asenapine" title="Asenapine">asenapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brexpiprazole" title="Brexpiprazole">brexpiprazole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clozapine" title="Clozapine">clozapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lurasidone" title="Lurasidone">lurasidone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olanzapine" title="Olanzapine">olanzapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paliperidone" title="Paliperidone">paliperidone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quetiapine" title="Quetiapine">quetiapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Risperidone" title="Risperidone">risperidone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zotepine" title="Zotepine">zotepine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azapirone" title="Azapirone">Azapirones</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Buspirone" title="Buspirone">buspirone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gepirone" title="Gepirone">gepirone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ipsapirone" title="Ipsapirone">ipsapirone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tandospirone" title="Tandospirone">tandospirone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRL-44408" title="BRL-44408">BRL-44408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buflomedil" title="Buflomedil">Buflomedil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirazoline" title="Cirazoline">Cirazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efaroxan" title="Efaroxan">Efaroxan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esmirtazapine" title="Esmirtazapine">Esmirtazapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenmetozole" title="Fenmetozole">Fenmetozole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluparoxan" title="Fluparoxan">Fluparoxan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idazoxan" title="Idazoxan">Idazoxan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketanserin" title="Ketanserin">Ketanserin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisuride" title="Lisuride">Lisuride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine" title="Meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine">mCPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianserin" title="Mianserin">Mianserin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirtazapine" title="Mirtazapine">Mirtazapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAN-190" title="NAN-190">NAN-190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardoprunox" title="Pardoprunox">Pardoprunox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phentolamine" title="Phentolamine">Phentolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenoxybenzamine" title="Phenoxybenzamine">Phenoxybenzamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperoxan" title="Piperoxan">Piperoxan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piribedil" title="Piribedil">Piribedil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rauwolscine" title="Rauwolscine">Rauwolscine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotigotine" title="Rotigotine">Rotigotine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setiptiline" title="Setiptiline">Setiptiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spegatrine" title="Spegatrine">Spegatrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiroxatrine" title="Spiroxatrine">Spiroxatrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunepitron" title="Sunepitron">Sunepitron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terguride" title="Terguride">Terguride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolazoline" title="Tolazoline">Tolazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typical_antipsychotic" title="Typical antipsychotic">Typical antipsychotics</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Chlorpromazine" title="Chlorpromazine">chlorpromazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluphenazine" title="Fluphenazine">fluphenazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loxapine" title="Loxapine">loxapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thioridazine" title="Thioridazine">thioridazine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohimbine" title="Yohimbine">Yohimbine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-adrenergic_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Β-adrenergic receptor">β</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abediterol" title="Abediterol">Abediterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alifedrine" title="Alifedrine">Alifedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amibegron" title="Amibegron">Amibegron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbutamine" title="Arbutamine">Arbutamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arformoterol" title="Arformoterol">Arformoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arotinolol" title="Arotinolol">Arotinolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromoacetylalprenololmenthane" title="Bromoacetylalprenololmenthane">BAAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambuterol" title="Bambuterol">Bambuterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Befunolol" title="Befunolol">Befunolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitolterol" title="Bitolterol">Bitolterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broxaterol" title="Broxaterol">Broxaterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buphenine" title="Buphenine">Buphenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbuterol" title="Carbuterol">Carbuterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmoterol" title="Carmoterol">Carmoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimaterol" title="Cimaterol">Cimaterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clenbuterol" title="Clenbuterol">Clenbuterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colterol" title="Colterol">Colterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbadrine" title="Corbadrine">Corbadrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denopamine" title="Denopamine">Denopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deoxyepinephrine" title="Deoxyepinephrine">Deoxyepinephrine (epinine, <i>N</i>-methyldopamine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipivefrine" title="Dipivefrine">Dipivefrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobutamine" title="Dobutamine">Dobutamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">Dopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopexamine" title="Dopexamine">Dopexamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droxidopa" title="Droxidopa">Droxidopa (L-DOPS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinephrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine">Epinephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etafedrine" title="Etafedrine">Etafedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etilefrine" title="Etilefrine">Etilefrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etilevodopa" title="Etilevodopa">Etilevodopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylnorepinephrine" title="Ethylnorepinephrine">Ethylnorepinephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenodilol" title="Eugenodilol">Eugenodilol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenoterol" title="Fenoterol">Fenoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formoterol" title="Formoterol">Formoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexoprenaline" title="Hexoprenaline">Hexoprenaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higenamine" title="Higenamine">Higenamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibopamine" title="Ibopamine">Ibopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indacaterol" title="Indacaterol">Indacaterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoetarine" title="Isoetarine">Isoetarine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isoprenaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoxsuprine" title="Isoxsuprine">Isoxsuprine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-DOPA" title="L-DOPA">L-DOPA (levodopa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylalanine" title="Phenylalanine">L-Phenylalanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrosine" title="Tyrosine">L-Tyrosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levosalbutamol" title="Levosalbutamol">Levosalbutamol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubabegron" title="Lubabegron">Lubabegron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabuterol" title="Mabuterol">Mabuterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melevodopa" title="Melevodopa">Melevodopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxyphenamine" title="Methoxyphenamine">Methoxyphenamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyldopa" title="Methyldopa">Methyldopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabegron" title="Mirabegron">Mirabegron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine" title="Norepinephrine">Norepinephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orciprenaline" title="Orciprenaline">Orciprenaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyfedrine" title="Oxyfedrine">Oxyfedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-610355" title="PF-610355">PF-610355</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylpropanolamine" title="Phenylpropanolamine">Phenylpropanolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirbuterol" title="Pirbuterol">Pirbuterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenalterol" title="Prenalterol">Prenalterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ractopamine" title="Ractopamine">Ractopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procaterol" title="Procaterol">Procaterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproterol" title="Reproterol">Reproterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimiterol" title="Rimiterol">Rimiterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritodrine" title="Ritodrine">Ritodrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salbutamol" title="Salbutamol">Salbutamol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmeterol" title="Salmeterol">Salmeterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solabegron" title="Solabegron">Solabegron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terbutaline" title="Terbutaline">Terbutaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tretoquinol" title="Tretoquinol">Tretoquinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulobuterol" title="Tulobuterol">Tulobuterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibegron" title="Vibegron">Vibegron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilanterol" title="Vilanterol">Vilanterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xamoterol" title="Xamoterol">Xamoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XP21279" class="mw-redirect" title="XP21279">XP21279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilpaterol" title="Zilpaterol">Zilpaterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinterol" title="Zinterol">Zinterol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acebutolol" title="Acebutolol">Acebutolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaprolol" title="Adaprolol">Adaprolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adimolol" title="Adimolol">Adimolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afurolol" title="Afurolol">Afurolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alprenolol" title="Alprenolol">Alprenolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alprenoxime" title="Alprenoxime">Alprenoxime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amosulalol" title="Amosulalol">Amosulalol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancarolol" title="Ancarolol">Ancarolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnolol" title="Arnolol">Arnolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arotinolol" title="Arotinolol">Arotinolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atenolol" title="Atenolol">Atenolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Befunolol" title="Befunolol">Befunolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betaxolol" title="Betaxolol">Betaxolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevantolol" title="Bevantolol">Bevantolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisoprolol" title="Bisoprolol">Bisoprolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopindolol" title="Bopindolol">Bopindolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornaprolol" title="Bornaprolol">Bornaprolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brefonalol" title="Brefonalol">Brefonalol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucindolol" title="Bucindolol">Bucindolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucumolol" title="Bucumolol">Bucumolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bufetolol" title="Bufetolol">Bufetolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bufuralol" title="Bufuralol">Bufuralol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunitrolol" title="Bunitrolol">Bunitrolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunolol" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunolol">Bunolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bupranolol" title="Bupranolol">Bupranolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butaxamine" title="Butaxamine">Butaxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butidrine" title="Butidrine">Butidrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butofilolol" title="Butofilolol">Butofilolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsinolol" title="Capsinolol">Capsinolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carazolol" title="Carazolol">Carazolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpindolol" title="Carpindolol">Carpindolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carteolol" title="Carteolol">Carteolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carvedilol" title="Carvedilol">Carvedilol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celiprolol" title="Celiprolol">Celiprolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetamolol" title="Cetamolol">Cetamolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicloprolol" title="Cicloprolol">Cicloprolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinamolol" title="Cinamolol">Cinamolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloranolol" title="Cloranolol">Cloranolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanopindolol" title="Cyanopindolol">Cyanopindolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalbraminol" title="Dalbraminol">Dalbraminol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexpropranolol" class="mw-redirect" title="Dexpropranolol">Dexpropranolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacetolol" title="Diacetolol">Diacetolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichloroisoprenaline" title="Dichloroisoprenaline">Dichloroisoprenaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydroalprenolol" title="Dihydroalprenolol">Dihydroalprenolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilevalol" class="mw-redirect" title="Dilevalol">Dilevalol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diprafenone" title="Diprafenone">Diprafenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draquinolol" title="Draquinolol">Draquinolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecastolol" title="Ecastolol">Ecastolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epanolol" title="Epanolol">Epanolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ericolol" title="Ericolol">Ericolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersentilide" title="Ersentilide">Ersentilide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esatenolol" class="mw-redirect" title="Esatenolol">Esatenolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esprolol" class="mw-redirect" title="Esprolol">Esprolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenodilol" title="Eugenodilol">Eugenodilol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exaprolol" title="Exaprolol">Exaprolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falintolol" title="Falintolol">Falintolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flestolol" title="Flestolol">Flestolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flusoxolol" title="Flusoxolol">Flusoxolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxycarteolol" title="Hydroxycarteolol">Hydroxycarteolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxytertatolol" title="Hydroxytertatolol">Hydroxytertatolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICI-118,551" title="ICI-118,551">ICI-118,551</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idropranolol" class="mw-redirect" title="Idropranolol">Idropranolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indenolol" title="Indenolol">Indenolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indopanolol" title="Indopanolol">Indopanolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodocyanopindolol" title="Iodocyanopindolol">Iodocyanopindolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iprocrolol" title="Iprocrolol">Iprocrolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoxaprolol" title="Isoxaprolol">Isoxaprolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isamoltane" title="Isamoltane">Isamoltane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labetalol" title="Labetalol">Labetalol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landiolol" title="Landiolol">Landiolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levobetaxolol" title="Levobetaxolol">Levobetaxolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levobunolol" title="Levobunolol">Levobunolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levomoprolol" title="Levomoprolol">Levomoprolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medroxalol" title="Medroxalol">Medroxalol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepindolol" title="Mepindolol">Mepindolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metipranolol" title="Metipranolol">Metipranolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metoprolol" title="Metoprolol">Metoprolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moprolol" title="Moprolol">Moprolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadolol" title="Nadolol">Nadolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadoxolol" title="Nadoxolol">Nadoxolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebivolol" title="Nebivolol">Nebivolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifenalol" title="Nifenalol">Nifenalol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipradilol" title="Nipradilol">Nipradilol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxprenolol" title="Oxprenolol">Oxprenolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacrinolol" title="Pacrinolol">Pacrinolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pafenolol" title="Pafenolol">Pafenolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamatolol" title="Pamatolol">Pamatolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pargolol" title="Pargolol">Pargolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penbutolol" title="Penbutolol">Penbutolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindolol" title="Pindolol">Pindolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practolol" title="Practolol">Practolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primidolol" title="Primidolol">Primidolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procinolol" title="Procinolol">Procinolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronethalol" title="Pronethalol">Pronethalol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propafenone" title="Propafenone">Propafenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propranolol" title="Propranolol">Propranolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridazolol" title="Ridazolol">Ridazolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronactolol" title="Ronactolol">Ronactolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soquinolol" title="Soquinolol">Soquinolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotalol" title="Sotalol">Sotalol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirendolol" title="Spirendolol">Spirendolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SR_59230A" title="SR 59230A">SR 59230A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfinalol" title="Sulfinalol">Sulfinalol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talinolol" title="Talinolol">Talinolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazolol" title="Tazolol">Tazolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertatolol" title="Tertatolol">Tertatolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tienoxolol" title="Tienoxolol">Tienoxolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilisolol" title="Tilisolol">Tilisolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timolol" title="Timolol">Timolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiprenolol" title="Tiprenolol">Tiprenolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolamolol" title="Tolamolol">Tolamolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toliprolol" title="Toliprolol">Toliprolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xibenolol" title="Xibenolol">Xibenolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xipranolol" title="Xipranolol">Xipranolol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Dopamine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Dopamine receptor modulators">Dopaminergics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Serotonin_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Serotonin receptor modulators">Serotonergics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Monoamine_reuptake_inhibitors" title="Template:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors">Monoamine reuptake inhibitors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Monoamine_releasing_agents" title="Template:Monoamine releasing agents">Monoamine releasing agents</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Monoamine_metabolism_modulators" title="Template:Monoamine metabolism modulators">Monoamine metabolism modulators</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Monoamine_neurotoxins" title="Template:Monoamine neurotoxins">Monoamine neurotoxins</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human_trace_amine-associated_receptor_ligands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:TAAR_ligands" title="Template:TAAR ligands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:TAAR_ligands" title="Template talk:TAAR ligands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:TAAR_ligands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:TAAR ligands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_trace_amine-associated_receptor_ligands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_trace_amine-associated_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Human trace amine-associated receptor">Human trace amine-associated receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry)" title="Ligand (biochemistry)">ligands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/TAAR1" title="TAAR1">TAAR1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Agonist" title="Agonist">Agonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Trace_amine" title="Trace amine">Endogenous</a><sup>†</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:white"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Classical <a href="/wiki/Monoamine_neurotransmitter" title="Monoamine neurotransmitter">monoamine neurotransmitters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">Dopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">Histamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinephrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine">Epinephrine (adrenaline)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine" title="Norepinephrine">Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">Serotonin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_amine" title="Trace amine">Trace amines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3-Iodothyronamine" title="3-Iodothyronamine">3-Iodothyronamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Methoxytyramine" title="3-Methoxytyramine">3-Methoxytyramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Methylphenethylamine" title="N-Methylphenethylamine"><i>N</i>-Methylphenethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Methyltyramine" title="N-Methyltyramine"><i>N</i>-Methyltyramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Octopamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Meta-Octopamine"><i>m</i>-Octopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Octopamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Para-Octopamine"><i>p</i>-Octopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenethylamine" title="Phenethylamine">Phenethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylethanolamine" title="Phenylethanolamine">Phenylethanolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synephrine" title="Synephrine">Synephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryptamine" title="Tryptamine">Tryptamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Tyramine" title="Meta-Tyramine"><i>m</i>-Tyramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Tyramine" class="mw-redirect" title="Para-Tyramine"><i>p</i>-Tyramine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;text-align: center">Synthetic and natural<sup>‡</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:white"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphetamine" title="Amphetamine">Amphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine" title="2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine">DOB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine" title="2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine">DOET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N,N-Dimethylphenethylamine" title="N,N-Dimethylphenethylamine"><i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dimethylphenethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanfacine" title="Guanfacine">Guanfacine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halostachine" title="Halostachine">Halostachine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higenamine" title="Higenamine">Higenamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hordenine" title="Hordenine">Hordenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxyamphetamine" title="4-Hydroxyamphetamine">4-Hydroxyamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isopropyloctopamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Isopropyloctopamine">Isopropyloctopamine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isoprenaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine" title="3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine">MDA (tenamfetamine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMA" title="MDMA">MDMA (midomafetamine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Methylphenethylamine" title="2-Methylphenethylamine">2-Methylphenethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Methylphenethylamine" title="3-Methylphenethylamine">3-Methylphenethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylphenethylamine" title="4-Methylphenethylamine">4-Methylphenethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-Methylphenethylamine" title="Β-Methylphenethylamine">β-Methylphenethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">Methamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Methoxymethamphetamine" title="3-Methoxymethamphetamine">3-MMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfenfluramine" title="Norfenfluramine">Norfenfluramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phentermine" title="Phentermine">Phentermine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-Phenyl-3-iodotyramine" title="O-Phenyl-3-iodotyramine"><i>o</i>-PIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylhexedrine" title="Propylhexedrine">Propylhexedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralmitaront" title="Ralmitaront">Ralmitaront (RG-7906, RO-6889450)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RG-7351" title="RG-7351">RG-7351</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RG-7410" title="RG-7410">RG-7410</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RO5166017" title="RO5166017">RO-5166017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RO5256390" title="RO5256390">RO-5256390</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RO5263397" title="RO5263397">RO-5263397</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selegiline" title="Selegiline">Selegiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solriamfetol" title="Solriamfetol">Solriamfetol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulotaront" title="Ulotaront">Ulotaront (SEP-363856)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Neutral_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral antagonist">Neutral antagonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RTI-7470-44" title="RTI-7470-44">RTI-7470-44</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Inverse_agonist" title="Inverse agonist">Inverse agonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EPPTB" title="EPPTB">EPPTB (RO-5212773)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/TAAR2" title="TAAR2">TAAR2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center">Agonists<sup>‡</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center">Neutral antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li> </li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/TAAR5" title="TAAR5">TAAR5</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center">Agonists<sup>‡</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N,N-Dimethylethylamine" title="N,N-Dimethylethylamine"><i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dimethylethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimethylamine" title="Trimethylamine">Trimethylamine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center">Neutral antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center">Inverse agonists<sup>‡</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3-Iodothyronamine" title="3-Iodothyronamine">3-Iodothyronamine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="float: left;"><small><sup>†</sup> References for all endogenous human TAAR1 ligands are provided at <a href="/wiki/Trace_amine#list" title="Trace amine">List of trace amines</a></small></div> <p><br /> </p> <div style="float: left;"><small><sup>‡</sup> References for synthetic TAAR1 agonists can be found at <a href="/wiki/TAAR1" title="TAAR1">TAAR1</a> or in the associated compound articles. For TAAR2 and TAAR5 agonists and inverse agonists, see <a href="/wiki/Trace_amine-associated_receptor#Receptor_function_and_ligands" title="Trace amine-associated receptor">TAAR</a> for references.</small></div> <p><br /> </p> <small><i><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Phenethylamines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Phenethylamines" title="Template:Phenethylamines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Phenethylamines" title="Template talk:Phenethylamines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Phenethylamines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Phenethylamines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Phenethylamines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Substituted_phenethylamine" title="Substituted phenethylamine">Phenethylamines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Substituted_phenethylamine" title="Substituted phenethylamine">Phenethylamines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Psychedelics:</i> <a href="/wiki/25B-NBOMe" title="25B-NBOMe">25B-NBOMe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25C-NBOMe" title="25C-NBOMe">25C-NBOMe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25D-NBOMe" title="25D-NBOMe">25D-NBOMe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25I-NBOMe" title="25I-NBOMe">25I-NBOMe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25N-NBOMe" title="25N-NBOMe">25N-NBOMe</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2C-B" title="2C-B">2C-B</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-B-AN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-B-AN (page does not exist)">2C-B-AN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-Bn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-Bn (page does not exist)">2C-Bn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-Bu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-Bu (page does not exist)">2C-Bu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-C" title="2C-C">2C-C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-CN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-CN (page does not exist)">2C-CN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-CP" title="2C-CP">2C-CP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-D" title="2C-D">2C-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-E" title="2C-E">2C-E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-EF" title="2C-EF">2C-EF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-F" title="2C-F">2C-F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-G" title="2C-G">2C-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-G-1" class="mw-redirect" title="2C-G-1">2C-G-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-G-2" class="mw-redirect" title="2C-G-2">2C-G-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-G-3" class="mw-redirect" title="2C-G-3">2C-G-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-G-4" class="mw-redirect" title="2C-G-4">2C-G-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-G-5" class="mw-redirect" title="2C-G-5">2C-G-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-G-6" class="mw-redirect" title="2C-G-6">2C-G-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-G-N" class="mw-redirect" title="2C-G-N">2C-G-N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-H" title="2C-H">2C-H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-I" title="2C-I">2C-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-iP" title="2C-iP">2C-iP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-N" title="2C-N">2C-N</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-NH2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-NH2 (page does not exist)">2C-NH2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-O" class="mw-redirect" title="2C-O">2C-O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-O-4" title="2C-O-4">2C-O-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-P" title="2C-P">2C-P</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-Ph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-Ph (page does not exist)">2C-Ph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-SE" class="mw-redirect" title="2C-SE">2C-SE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-T" title="2C-T">2C-T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-T-2" title="2C-T-2">2C-T-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-T-3" title="2C-T-3">2C-T-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-T-4" title="2C-T-4">2C-T-4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-T-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-T-5 (page does not exist)">2C-T-5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-T-6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-T-6 (page does not exist)">2C-T-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-T-7" title="2C-T-7">2C-T-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-T-8" title="2C-T-8">2C-T-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-T-9" class="mw-redirect" title="2C-T-9">2C-T-9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-T-10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-T-10 (page does not exist)">2C-T-10</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-T-11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-T-11 (page does not exist)">2C-T-11</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-T-12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-T-12 (page does not exist)">2C-T-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-T-13" title="2C-T-13">2C-T-13</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-T-14&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-T-14 (page does not exist)">2C-T-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-T-15" title="2C-T-15">2C-T-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-T-16" title="2C-T-16">2C-T-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-T-17" title="2C-T-17">2C-T-17</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-T-18&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-T-18 (page does not exist)">2C-T-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-T-19" title="2C-T-19">2C-T-19</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-T-20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-T-20 (page does not exist)">2C-T-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-T-21" title="2C-T-21">2C-T-21</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-T-22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-T-22 (page does not exist)">2C-T-22</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-T-22.5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-T-22.5 (page does not exist)">2C-T-22.5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-T-23&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-T-23 (page does not exist)">2C-T-23</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-T-24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-T-24 (page does not exist)">2C-T-24</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-T-25&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-T-25 (page does not exist)">2C-T-25</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-T-27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-T-27 (page does not exist)">2C-T-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-T-28" title="2C-T-28">2C-T-28</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-T-30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-T-30 (page does not exist)">2C-T-30</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-T-31&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-T-31 (page does not exist)">2C-T-31</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-T-32&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-T-32 (page does not exist)">2C-T-32</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2C-T-33&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2C-T-33 (page does not exist)">2C-T-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-TFE" title="2C-TFE">2C-TFE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-TFM" title="2C-TFM">2C-TFM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-YN" title="2C-YN">2C-YN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2C-V" title="2C-V">2C-V</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allylescaline" title="Allylescaline">Allylescaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DESOXY" title="DESOXY">DESOXY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escaline" title="Escaline">Escaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoproscaline" title="Isoproscaline">Isoproscaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimscaline" title="Jimscaline">Jimscaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macromerine" title="Macromerine">Macromerine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Methoxy-4-ethoxyphenethylamine" title="3-Methoxy-4-ethoxyphenethylamine">MEPEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mescaline" title="Mescaline">Mescaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaescaline" title="Metaescaline">Metaescaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methallylescaline" title="Methallylescaline">Methallylescaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proscaline" title="Proscaline">Proscaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psi-2C-T-4" class="mw-redirect" title="Psi-2C-T-4">Psi-2C-T-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCB-2" title="TCB-2">TCB-2</a></li></ul> <p><br /><i>Stimulants:</i> <a href="/wiki/Phenylethanolamine" title="Phenylethanolamine">Phenylethanolamine</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hordenine" title="Hordenine">Hordenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenethylamine" title="Phenethylamine">Phenethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenpromethamine" title="Phenpromethamine">Phenpromethamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphetamine" title="Amphetamine">α-Methylphenethylamine</a> (amphetamine)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-Methylphenethylamine" title="Β-Methylphenethylamine">β-Methylphenethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-Methylphenethylamine" class="mw-redirect" title="M-Methylphenethylamine"><i>m</i>-Methylphenethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Methylphenethylamine" title="N-Methylphenethylamine"><i>N</i>-Methylphenethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-Methylphenethylamine" class="mw-redirect" title="O-Methylphenethylamine"><i>o</i>-Methylphenethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-Methylphenethylamine" class="mw-redirect" title="P-Methylphenethylamine"><i>p</i>-Methylphenethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylphenidate" title="Methylphenidate">Methylphenidate</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Entactogens:</i> <a href="/wiki/Lophophine" title="Lophophine">Lophophine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxyphenethylamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxyphenethylamine">MDPEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxymethylphenethylamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxymethylphenethylamine">MDMPEA</a><br /><i>Others:</i> <a href="/wiki/BOH_(drug)" title="BOH (drug)">BOH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3,4-Dimethoxyphenethylamine" title="3,4-Dimethoxyphenethylamine">DMPEA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Substituted_amphetamine" title="Substituted amphetamine">Amphetamines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Psychedelics:</i> <a href="/wiki/3C-AL" title="3C-AL">3C-AL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3C-BZ" title="3C-BZ">3C-BZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3C-E" title="3C-E">3C-E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3C-MAL" title="3C-MAL">3C-MAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3C-P" title="3C-P">3C-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleph_(psychedelic)" title="Aleph (psychedelic)">Aleph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_(psychedelic)" title="Beatrice (psychedelic)">Beatrice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromo-DragonFLY" title="Bromo-DragonFLY">Bromo-DragonFLY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-Deprenyl" title="D-Deprenyl">D-Deprenyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethoxyamphetamine" title="Dimethoxyamphetamine">DMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methyl-2,5-methoxyphenylcyclopropylamine" class="mw-redirect" title="4-Methyl-2,5-methoxyphenylcyclopropylamine">DMCPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMMDA" title="DMMDA">DMMDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine" title="2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine">DOB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine" title="2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine">DOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2,5-Dimethoxy-4-fluoroethylamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="2,5-Dimethoxy-4-fluoroethylamphetamine">DOEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine" title="2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine">DOET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine" title="2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine">DOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine" title="2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine">DOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2,5-Dimethoxy-4-nitroamphetamine" title="2,5-Dimethoxy-4-nitroamphetamine">DON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2,5-Dimethoxy-4-propylamphetamine" title="2,5-Dimethoxy-4-propylamphetamine">DOPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2,5-Dimethoxy-4-trifluoromethylamphetamine" title="2,5-Dimethoxy-4-trifluoromethylamphetamine">DOTFM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha_(psychedelic)" title="Ganesha (psychedelic)">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMDA_(drug)" title="MMDA (drug)">MMDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMDA-2" title="MMDA-2">MMDA-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psi-DOM" class="mw-redirect" title="Psi-DOM">Psi-DOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimethoxyamphetamine" title="Trimethoxyamphetamine">TMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetramethoxyamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetramethoxyamphetamine">TeMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZDCM-04" title="ZDCM-04">ZDCM-04</a><br /><i>Stimulants:</i> <a href="/wiki/2-Fluoroamphetamine" title="2-Fluoroamphetamine">2-FA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Fluoromethamphetamine" title="2-Fluoromethamphetamine">2-FMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Fluoroamphetamine" title="3-Fluoroamphetamine">3-FA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Fluoromethamphetamine" title="3-Fluoromethamphetamine">3-FMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acridorex" title="Acridorex">Acridorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfetamine" title="Alfetamine">Alfetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfecloral" title="Amfecloral">Amfecloral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfepentorex" title="Amfepentorex">Amfepentorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphetamine" title="Amphetamine">Amphetamine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dextroamphetamine" title="Dextroamphetamine">Dextroamphetamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levoamphetamine" title="Levoamphetamine">Levoamphetamine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphetaminil" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphetaminil">Amphetaminil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benfluorex" title="Benfluorex">Benfluorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzphetamine" title="Benzphetamine">Benzphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathine" title="Cathine">Cathine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobenzorex" title="Clobenzorex">Clobenzorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylamphetamine" title="Dimethylamphetamine">Dimethylamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephedrine" title="Ephedrine">Ephedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etilamfetamine" title="Etilamfetamine">Etilamfetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencamfamin" title="Fencamfamin">Fencamfamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencamine" title="Fencamine">Fencamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenethylline" title="Fenethylline">Fenethylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenfluramine" title="Fenfluramine">Fenfluramine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dexfenfluramine" title="Dexfenfluramine">Dexfenfluramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levofenfluramine" title="Levofenfluramine">Levofenfluramine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenproporex" title="Fenproporex">Fenproporex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flucetorex" title="Flucetorex">Flucetorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fludorex" title="Fludorex">Fludorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formetorex" title="Formetorex">Formetorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furfenorex" title="Furfenorex">Furfenorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gepefrine" title="Gepefrine">Gepefrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxyamphetamine" title="4-Hydroxyamphetamine">4-Hydroxyamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iofetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Iofetamine">Iofetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isopropylamphetamine" title="Isopropylamphetamine">Isopropylamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lefetamine" title="Lefetamine">Lefetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisdexamfetamine" title="Lisdexamfetamine">Lisdexamfetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mefenorex" title="Mefenorex">Mefenorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaraminol" title="Metaraminol">Metaraminol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">Methamphetamine</a> (Dextromethamphetamine, <a href="/wiki/Levomethamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Levomethamphetamine">Levomethamphetamine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxyphenamine" title="Methoxyphenamine">Methoxyphenamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Methoxy-4-methylamphetamine" title="3-Methoxy-4-methylamphetamine">MMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morforex" title="Morforex">Morforex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfenfluramine" title="Norfenfluramine">Norfenfluramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-Norpseudoephedrine" title="L-Norpseudoephedrine"><span style="font-size:85%;">L</span>-Norpseudoephedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N,alpha-Diethylphenylethylamine" class="mw-redirect" title="N,alpha-Diethylphenylethylamine">N,alpha-Diethylphenylethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxifentorex" title="Oxifentorex">Oxifentorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxilofrine" title="Oxilofrine">Oxilofrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortetamine" title="Ortetamine">Ortetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Bromoamphetamine" title="Para-Bromoamphetamine">PBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Chloroamphetamine" title="Para-Chloroamphetamine">PCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Fluoroamphetamine" title="4-Fluoroamphetamine">PFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Fluoromethamphetamine" title="4-Fluoromethamphetamine">PFMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Iodoamphetamine" title="Para-Iodoamphetamine">PIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Methoxyamphetamine" title="Para-Methoxyamphetamine">PMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Methoxy-N-ethylamphetamine" title="Para-Methoxy-N-ethylamphetamine">PMEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Methoxy-N-methylamphetamine" title="Para-Methoxy-N-methylamphetamine">PMMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylpropanolamine" title="Phenylpropanolamine">Phenylpropanolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pholedrine" title="Pholedrine">Pholedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenylamine" title="Prenylamine">Prenylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylamphetamine" title="Propylamphetamine">Propylamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoephedrine" title="Pseudoephedrine">Pseudoephedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibutramine" title="Sibutramine">Sibutramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiflorex" title="Tiflorex">Tiflorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tranylcypromine" title="Tranylcypromine">Tranylcypromine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xylopropamine" title="Xylopropamine">Xylopropamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zylofuramine" title="Zylofuramine">Zylofuramine</a><br /><i>Entactogens:</i> <a href="/wiki/4-Fluoroamphetamine" title="4-Fluoroamphetamine">4-FA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Fluoromethamphetamine" title="4-Fluoromethamphetamine">4-FMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylamphetamine" title="4-Methylamphetamine">4-MA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylmethamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="4-Methylmethamphetamine">4-MMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylthioamphetamine" title="4-Methylthioamphetamine">4-MTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-APB" title="5-APB">5-APB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-APDB" title="5-APDB">5-APDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-EAPB" title="5-EAPB">5-EAPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-IT" title="5-IT">5-IT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-MAPB" title="5-MAPB">5-MAPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-MAPDB" title="5-MAPDB">5-MAPDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6-APB" title="6-APB">6-APB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6-APDB" title="6-APDB">6-APDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6-Chloro-MDMA" title="6-Chloro-MDMA">6-Chloro-MDMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6-EAPB" title="6-EAPB">6-EAPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6-IT" class="mw-redirect" title="6-IT">6-IT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6-MAPB" title="6-MAPB">6-MAPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6-MAPDB" title="6-MAPDB">6-MAPDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylidenedioxyamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethylidenedioxyamphetamine">EDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indanylaminopropane" class="mw-redirect" title="Indanylaminopropane">IAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2,3-Methylenedioxyamphetamine" title="2,3-Methylenedioxyamphetamine">2,3-MDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine" title="3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine">3,4-MDA (tenamfetamine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine">MDEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxyhydroxylmethamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxyhydroxylmethamphetamine">MDHMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMA" title="MDMA">MDMA (midomafetamine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxyhydroxyamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxyhydroxyamphetamine">MDOH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methamnetamine" title="Methamnetamine">Methamnetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMDMA" title="MMDMA">MMDMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphthylaminopropane" title="Naphthylaminopropane">Naphthylaminopropane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetralinylaminopropane" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetralinylaminopropane">TAP</a><br /><i>Others:</i> <a href="/wiki/3,4-Dichloroamphetamine" title="3,4-Dichloroamphetamine">3,4-DCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiflamine" title="Amiflamine">Amiflamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DiFMDA" class="mw-redirect" title="DiFMDA">DiFMDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selegiline" title="Selegiline">Selegiline</a> (also <a href="/wiki/D-Deprenyl" title="D-Deprenyl"><span style="font-size:85%;">D</span>-Deprenyl</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phentermine" title="Phentermine">Phentermines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Stimulants:</i> <a href="/wiki/Chlorphentermine" title="Chlorphentermine">Chlorphentermine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloforex" title="Cloforex">Cloforex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clortermine" title="Clortermine">Clortermine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etolorex" title="Etolorex">Etolorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mephentermine" title="Mephentermine">Mephentermine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentorex" title="Pentorex">Pentorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phentermine" title="Phentermine">Phentermine</a><br /><i>Entactogens:</i> <a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxyphentermine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxyphentermine">MDPH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxymethylphentermine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxymethylphentermine">MDMPH</a><br /><i>Others:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cericlamine" title="Cericlamine">Cericlamine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Substituted_cathinone" title="Substituted cathinone">Cathinones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Stimulants:</i> <a href="/wiki/3-Fluoromethcathinone" title="3-Fluoromethcathinone">3-FMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylcathinone" title="4-Methylcathinone">4-MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Bromomethcathinone" title="4-Bromomethcathinone">4-BMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Chloromethcathinone" title="4-Chloromethcathinone">4-CMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Ethylmethcathinone" title="4-Ethylmethcathinone">4-EMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flephedrone" title="Flephedrone">4-FMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylethcathinone" title="4-Methylethcathinone">4-MEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylbuphedrone" title="4-Methylbuphedrone">4-MeMABP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylpentedrone" title="4-Methylpentedrone">4-MPD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfepramone" title="Amfepramone">Amfepramone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzedrone" title="Benzedrone">Benzedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brephedrone" class="mw-redirect" title="Brephedrone">Brephedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buphedrone" title="Buphedrone">Buphedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">Bupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathinone" title="Cathinone">Cathinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylcathinone" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimethylcathinone">Dimethylcathinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethcathinone" title="Ethcathinone">Ethcathinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutylone" title="Eutylone">Eutylone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxybupropion" title="Hydroxybupropion">Hydroxybupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methcathinone" title="Methcathinone">Methcathinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methedrone" title="Methedrone">Methedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Ethylbuphedrone" title="N-Ethylbuphedrone">NEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Ethylhexedrone" title="N-Ethylhexedrone">N-Ethylhexedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Ethylpentedrone" title="N-Ethylpentedrone">N-Ethylpentedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentedrone" title="Pentedrone">Pentedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentylone" title="Pentylone">Pentylone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radafaxine" title="Radafaxine">Radafaxine</a><br /><i>Entactogens:</i> <a href="/wiki/3,4-Dimethylmethcathinone" title="3,4-Dimethylmethcathinone">3,4-DMMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Methylmethcathinone" title="3-Methylmethcathinone">3-MMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butylone" title="Butylone">Butylone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylone" title="Ethylone">Ethylone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylone" title="Methylone">Methylone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxycathinone" title="Methylenedioxycathinone">Methylenedioxycathinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mephedrone" title="Mephedrone">Mephedrone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phenylisobutylamine" title="Phenylisobutylamine">Phenylisobutylamines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Entactogens:</i> <a href="/wiki/4-Chlorophenylisobutylamine" title="4-Chlorophenylisobutylamine">4-CAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylphenylisobutylamine" title="4-Methylphenylisobutylamine">4-MAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariadne_(psychedelic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariadne (psychedelic)">Ariadne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzodioxolylbutanamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benzodioxolylbutanamine">BDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butylone" title="Butylone">Butylone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylbenzodioxolylbutanamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethylbenzodioxolylbutanamine">EBDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutylone" title="Eutylone">Eutylone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBDB" title="MBDB">MBDB</a><br /><i>Stimulants:</i> <a href="/wiki/Phenylisobutylamine" title="Phenylisobutylamine">Phenylisobutylamine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phenylethylpyrrolidine" title="Phenylethylpyrrolidine">Phenylalkylpyrrolidines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Stimulants:</i> <a href="/wiki/Alpha-Pyrrolidinobutiophenone" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Pyrrolidinobutiophenone">α-PBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone">α-PHP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Pyrrolidinopropiophenone" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Pyrrolidinopropiophenone">α-PPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone">α-PVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%27,4%27-Methylenedioxy-%CE%B1-pyrrolidinobutiophenone" title="3',4'-Methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone">MDPBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%27,4%27-Methylenedioxy-%CE%B1-pyrrolidinopropiophenone" title="3',4'-Methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone">MDPPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone" class="mw-redirect" title="3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone">MDPV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Methyl-%CE%B1-pyrrolidinobutiophenone" title="4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone">4-MePBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Methyl-%CE%B1-pyrrolidinohexiophenone" title="4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone">4-MePHP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Methyl-%CE%B1-pyrrolidinopropiophenone" title="4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone">4-MePPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Methoxy-%CE%B1-pyrrolidinopropiophenone" title="4'-Methoxy-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone">MOPPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Methoxy-%CE%B1-pyrrolidinopentiophenone" title="4'-Methoxy-α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone">MOPVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Methyl-%CE%B1-pyrrolidinobutiophenone" title="4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone">MPBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Methyl-%CE%B1-pyrrolidinohexiophenone" title="4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone">MPHP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Methyl-%CE%B1-pyrrolidinopropiophenone" title="4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone">MPPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphyrone" title="Naphyrone">Naphyrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylethylpyrrolidine" title="Phenylethylpyrrolidine">PEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolintane" title="Prolintane">Prolintane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrovalerone" title="Pyrovalerone">Pyrovalerone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catecholamine" title="Catecholamine">Catecholamines</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(and close relatives)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6-Fluoronorepinephrine" title="6-Fluoronorepinephrine">6-FNE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6-Hydroxydopamine" class="mw-redirect" title="6-Hydroxydopamine">6-OHDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Methyldopamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Methyldopamine">a-Me-DA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Methyltyramine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Methyltyramine">a-Me-TRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrenochrome" title="Adrenochrome">Adrenochrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciladopa" title="Ciladopa">Ciladopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-DOPA" title="D-DOPA"><span style="font-size:85%;">D</span>-DOPA</a> (Dextrodopa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimetofrine" title="Dimetofrine">Dimetofrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">Dopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinephrine_(neurotransmitter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine (neurotransmitter)">Epinephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinine">Epinine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etilefrine" title="Etilefrine">Etilefrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylnorepinephrine" title="Ethylnorepinephrine">Ethylnorepinephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenclonine" title="Fenclonine">Fenclonine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibopamine" title="Ibopamine">Ibopamine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isoprenaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoetarine" title="Isoetarine">Isoetarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-DOPA" title="L-DOPA"><span style="font-size:85%;">L</span>-DOPA</a> (Levodopa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-DOPS" class="mw-redirect" title="L-DOPS"><span style="font-size:85%;">L</span>-DOPS</a> (Droxidopa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-Phenylalanine" class="mw-redirect" title="L-Phenylalanine"><span style="font-size:85%;">L</span>-Phenylalanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-Tyrosine" class="mw-redirect" title="L-Tyrosine"><span style="font-size:85%;">L</span>-Tyrosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Tyramine" title="Meta-Tyramine"><i>m</i>-Tyramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metanephrine" title="Metanephrine">Metanephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaraminol" title="Metaraminol">Metaraminol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaterol" title="Metaterol">Metaterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metirosine" class="mw-redirect" title="Metirosine">Metirosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyldopa" title="Methyldopa">Methyldopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N,N-Dimethyldopamine" title="N,N-Dimethyldopamine">N,N-Dimethyldopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordefrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordefrin">Nordefrin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Levonordefrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Levonordefrin">Levonordefrin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine" title="Norepinephrine">Norepinephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfenefrine" title="Norfenefrine">Norfenefrine</a> (<i>m</i>-Octopamine)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normetanephrine" title="Normetanephrine">Normetanephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orciprenaline" title="Orciprenaline">Orciprenaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopamine" title="Octopamine"><i>p</i>-Octopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyramine" title="Tyramine"><i>p</i>-Tyramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylephrine" title="Phenylephrine">Phenylephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synephrine" title="Synephrine">Synephrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AL-LAD" title="AL-LAD">AL-LAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amidephrine" title="Amidephrine">Amidephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbutamine" title="Arbutamine">Arbutamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cafedrine" title="Cafedrine">Cafedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denopamine" title="Denopamine">Denopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desvenlafaxine" title="Desvenlafaxine">Desvenlafaxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphenidine" title="Diphenidine">Diphenidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizocilpine" title="Dizocilpine">Dizocilpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobutamine" title="Dobutamine">Dobutamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopexamine" title="Dopexamine">Dopexamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephenidine" title="Ephenidine">Ephenidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etafedrine" title="Etafedrine">Etafedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETH-LAD" title="ETH-LAD">ETH-LAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famprofazone" title="Famprofazone">Famprofazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorolintane" title="Fluorolintane">Fluorolintane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexapradol" title="Hexapradol">Hexapradol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IP-LAD" class="mw-redirect" title="IP-LAD">IP-LAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysergic_acid_amide" class="mw-redirect" title="Lysergic acid amide">Lysergic acid amide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysergic_acid_2-butyl_amide" title="Lysergic acid 2-butyl amide">Lysergic acid 2-butyl amide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysergic_acid_2,4-dimethylazetidide" title="Lysergic acid 2,4-dimethylazetidide">Lysergic acid 2,4-dimethylazetidide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LSD" title="LSD">Lysergic acid diethylamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxamine" title="Methoxamine">Methoxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxphenidine" title="Methoxphenidine">Methoxphenidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MT-45" title="MT-45">MT-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PARGY-LAD" title="PARGY-LAD">PARGY-LAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenibut" title="Phenibut">Phenibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRO-LAD" title="PRO-LAD">PRO-LAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronethalol" title="Pronethalol">Pronethalol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salbutamol" title="Salbutamol">Salbutamol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Levosalbutamol" title="Levosalbutamol">Levosalbutamol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solriamfetol" title="Solriamfetol">Solriamfetol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodrenaline" title="Theodrenaline">Theodrenaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiamphenicol" title="Thiamphenicol">Thiamphenicol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UWA-101" title="UWA-101">UWA-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venlafaxine" title="Venlafaxine">Venlafaxine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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