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A quantitative research approach was chosen for this particular study. An online questionnaire made up of 15 items was used to collect data. All the questions asked were close-ended and distributed among almost 150 students in the city of Sialkot; 110 out of 150 responded. After analyzing data quantitatively, the research has explored the positive impact of Punjabi (mother tongue), as it positively influences the second language acquisition process. It keeps the learners involved, stretching their attention span, giving them a sense of achievement, and keeping their L1 integrity and identity intact. Moreover, this research has investigated that bilingualism enhances the process of second language acquisition. The mother tongue positively controls the process of second language acquisition as the learners can use their L1 cognition, learning experience, and worldview to facilitate and speed up the target language learning/acquisition process. There is a strong relationship between bilingualism and SLA, which must be realized and utilized by the practitioners and stakeholders involved in SLA programs worldwide.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Dr. Muhammad Sabboor Hussain"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Raazia Kanwal"}],"contributor":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Raazia Kanwal"}],"dateCreated":"2022-10-16","datePublished":"2022-01-01","headline":"Second Language Acquisition (SLA) and Bilingualism: Impact of Mother Tongue on English as a Second Language (ESL) Learners","identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"DOI","value":"10.36902/rjsser-vol3-iss3-2022(100-111)"},"image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92527487/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Second Language Acquisition","Bilingualism and Multilingualism","English As a Second Language (ESL)"],"publication":"Research Journal of Social Sciences 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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F88581553%2FSecond_Language_Acquisition_SLA_and_Bilingualism_Impact_of_Mother_Tongue_on_English_as_a_Second_Language_ESL_Learners%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":92527487,"identifier":"Attachment_92527487","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":88581553,"created_at":"2022-10-16T08:03:11.473-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2022-10-20T01:06:35.867-07:00","_data":{"doi":"10.36902/rjsser-vol3-iss3-2022(100-111)","abstract":"This research paper investigates Mother Tongue (Punjabi) impact on second language acquisition and the relation between bilingualism and second language acquisition. A quantitative research approach was chosen for this particular study. An online questionnaire made up of 15 items was used to collect data. All the questions asked were close-ended and distributed among almost 150 students in the city of Sialkot; 110 out of 150 responded. After analyzing data quantitatively, the research has explored the positive impact of Punjabi (mother tongue), as it positively influences the second language acquisition process. It keeps the learners involved, stretching their attention span, giving them a sense of achievement, and keeping their L1 integrity and identity intact. Moreover, this research has investigated that bilingualism enhances the process of second language acquisition. The mother tongue positively controls the process of second language acquisition as the learners can use their L1 cognition, learning experience, and worldview to facilitate and speed up the target language learning/acquisition process. There is a strong relationship between bilingualism and SLA, which must be realized and utilized by the practitioners and stakeholders involved in SLA programs worldwide.","publication_date":"2022,,","publication_name":"Research Journal of Social Sciences \u0026 Economics Review"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Second Language Acquisition (SLA) and Bilingualism: Impact of Mother Tongue on English as a Second Language (ESL) Learners","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [142777223,3856896]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":92527487,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Second Language Acquisition (SLA) and Bilingualism: Impact of Mother Tongue on English as a Second Language (ESL) Learners”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/92527487/mini_magick20221016-1-b6lalb.png?1665932696" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Second Language Acquisition (SLA) and Bilingualism: Impact of Mother Tongue on English as a Second Language (ESL) Learners</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="142777223" href="https://gcwus.academia.edu/RaaziaRana"><img alt="Profile image of Raazia Kanwal" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/142777223/43301310/34457176/s65_raazia.rana.jpg" />Raazia Kanwal</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3856896" href="https://gcwus.academia.edu/DrMuhammadSabboorHussain"><img alt="Profile image of Dr. Muhammad Sabboor Hussain" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/3856896/1416904/1738760/s65_muhammad_saboor.hussain.jpg" />Dr. Muhammad Sabboor Hussain</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2022, Research Journal of Social Sciences & Economics Review</p><a class="js-loswp-work-card-doi-link ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" href="https://doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol3-iss3-2022(100-111)" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol3-iss3-2022(100-111)</a><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">12 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 88581553; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This research paper investigates Mother Tongue (Punjabi) impact on second language acquisition and the relation between bilingualism and second language acquisition. A quantitative research approach was chosen for this particular study. An online questionnaire made up of 15 items was used to collect data. All the questions asked were close-ended and distributed among almost 150 students in the city of Sialkot; 110 out of 150 responded. After analyzing data quantitatively, the research has explored the positive impact of Punjabi (mother tongue), as it positively influences the second language acquisition process. It keeps the learners involved, stretching their attention span, giving them a sense of achievement, and keeping their L1 integrity and identity intact. Moreover, this research has investigated that bilingualism enhances the process of second language acquisition. The mother tongue positively controls the process of second language acquisition as the learners can use their L1 cognition, learning experience, and worldview to facilitate and speed up the target language learning/acquisition process. There is a strong relationship between bilingualism and SLA, which must be realized and utilized by the practitioners and stakeholders involved in SLA programs worldwide.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":92527487,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/88581553/Second_Language_Acquisition_SLA_and_Bilingualism_Impact_of_Mother_Tongue_on_English_as_a_Second_Language_ESL_Learners"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":92527487,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/88581553/Second_Language_Acquisition_SLA_and_Bilingualism_Impact_of_Mother_Tongue_on_English_as_a_Second_Language_ESL_Learners"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="92527487" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/88581553/Second_Language_Acquisition_SLA_and_Bilingualism_Impact_of_Mother_Tongue_on_English_as_a_Second_Language_ESL_Learners" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="38179634" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38179634/Role_of_Mother_Tongue_in_Second_Language_Learning">Role of Mother Tongue in Second Language Learning</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25753903" href="https://singhaniauniversity.academia.edu/DrManojYadav">Dr. Manoj K U M A R Yadav</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Research (IJR) Vol-1, Issue-11 December 2014 ISSN 2348-6848, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The role of mother tongue in second language learning has been the subject of much debate and controversy. Most teachers feel that the use of L1 should be minimized and they feel guilty if they use it a lot. When challenged they find it difficult to say why. Against the use of L1, it is the general assumption that English should be learned through English, just as you learn your mother tongue using your mother tongue. But the idea that the learner should learn English like a native speaker does, or tries to 'think in English', is an inappropriate and unachievable thought. The role of mother tongue in teaching and learning of English has been discussed in literature. The influence of mother tongue is proved both positive and negative in teaching and learning of English. A learner's L1 is an important determinant of Second Language Acquisition. The L1 is a resource which learners use both consciously and subconsciously to help them arrange and re-arrange the L2 data in the input and to perform as best as they can. The cultural features connected with L1 use can be put to good effect when teaching L2. Second language acquisition is a developmental process; L1 can be a contributing factor to it. This paper makes an attempt to understand the role of L1 in the teaching and learning of English and also reports on different methods, classroom management and some activities that could help them in learning English.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Role of Mother Tongue in Second Language Learning","attachmentId":58215968,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38179634/Role_of_Mother_Tongue_in_Second_Language_Learning","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38179634/Role_of_Mother_Tongue_in_Second_Language_Learning"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="41639343" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41639343/The_Study_on_Bilingualism_and_its_Role_in_Teaching_L2_in_Pakistan">The Study on Bilingualism and its Role in Teaching L2 in Pakistan</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="119853738" href="https://independent.academia.edu/sidranoor13">sidra noor</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The study explores the significance of bilingualism and its role in teaching a second language (L2) in Pakistan. The study focuses the use of first language (L1) while learning L2 class is an effective way and helps in learning more than one language at a time as it makes the concepts easier to understand. However, it endorses a clarification, particularly focused on the contiguity of bilingualism over time that stands foremost practice in L2 English classes in Pakistan. This is a fact that children learn many languages in their natural environment. The study makes use of both qualitative and quantitative research. The semi-structured interviews and classroom observation were conducted. The data were collected from the secondary schools of Multan region (Punjab, Pakistan). The findings reveal that bilingualism as a great source in teaching aids which makes possible in learning a second language in the classroom. It is also suggested that the teachers and parents should never bother about the use of L1 in school or at home because it does not hinder the learning L2. Additionally, it is recommended that bilingualism as teaching support should develop into a justifiable topic for discussion in advanced research.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Study on Bilingualism and its Role in Teaching L2 in Pakistan","attachmentId":61793480,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41639343/The_Study_on_Bilingualism_and_its_Role_in_Teaching_L2_in_Pakistan","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41639343/The_Study_on_Bilingualism_and_its_Role_in_Teaching_L2_in_Pakistan"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="65184685" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65184685/The_Role_of_Mother_Tongue_in_Second_Language_Acquisition">The Role of Mother Tongue in Second Language Acquisition</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="208088218" href="https://independent.academia.edu/InternationalJournalofMultilingualEducation">International Journal of Multilingual Education</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Multilingual Education, by Totibadze Sopio, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In the first part of this paper, the author discusses the importance of the first language in the process of learning English as a second language as explored by previous researchers. In the second part, the author describes the results obtained, in two small case studies, among the students of different ethnic backgrounds learning the English language. The present paper consists of two parts. The first part is comprised of online questionnaire answers provided by Georgian, Mandarin, Hindi and Lithuanian speakers, where participants were asked to answer questions regarding their experience while learning English and whether they were encouraged to use their MTs in the process. The second study was conducted at the International School of the Hague (ISH). Five students were interviewed and recorded as they shared their experiences of using their MTs during the learning process. The research generates mixed pictures, however most of the participants agree on the importance of their mother tongues in learning the target language.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Role of Mother Tongue in Second Language Acquisition","attachmentId":76892771,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/65184685/The_Role_of_Mother_Tongue_in_Second_Language_Acquisition","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/65184685/The_Role_of_Mother_Tongue_in_Second_Language_Acquisition"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="81209440" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81209440/Exploring_the_Influence_of_Teachers_and_Students_Mother_Tongue_on_the_Use_of_National_Language_in_L2_Teaching_Learning">Exploring the Influence of Teachers' and Students' Mother Tongue on the Use of National Language in L2 Teaching/Learning</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10264688" href="https://iub-pk.academia.edu/TahiraAsgher">Tahira Asgher</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Global Educational Studies Review, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The purpose of the current study was to explore the influence of teachers&#39; and students&#39; mother tongue on the use of national language in L2 teaching and learning. For a comprehensive understanding of the issue, the study focused on 156 teachers and the 577 students who were teaching and learning English at graduation level in different public sector colleges and universities of Southern Punjab. Two questionnaires were used for data collection. The data were analyzed through SPSS (statistical package for social sciences). Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), T-Test and Cronbach&#39;s alpha. The results of the study indicated that the teachers who have Saraiki as their mother tongue have a high inclination toward the use of it in their classroom setting due to the socio-cultural factor such as their multilingual aptitude and their emotional attachment with their mother tongue.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Exploring the Influence of Teachers' and Students' Mother Tongue on the Use of National Language in L2 Teaching/Learning","attachmentId":87334304,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81209440/Exploring_the_Influence_of_Teachers_and_Students_Mother_Tongue_on_the_Use_of_National_Language_in_L2_Teaching_Learning","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/81209440/Exploring_the_Influence_of_Teachers_and_Students_Mother_Tongue_on_the_Use_of_National_Language_in_L2_Teaching_Learning"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="28759570" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28759570/Bilingualism_and_Language_Learning_Behavior_of_ESL_Learners">Bilingualism and Language Learning Behavior of ESL Learners</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35617611" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AfsheenYousaf">Afsheen Yousaf</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">– Present study aims at investigating role of bilingualism in terms of learning behavior of bilingual students in the setting of multilingual society of Pakistan. Bilingual population can be expected in any region where different language groups are dwelling and interacting mutually. When in Pakistan, the individual and the societal bilingualism are common. In present study the term bilingualism can be referred in a wider sense in terms of a multilingual society. The study results exhibited that pragmatic side of bilinguals in understanding different situations is quite stronger than that of monolinguals; where role of L1 (mother tongue) is positive in learning L2 and vice versa because it has relations with positive outcomes in cognitive behavior.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Bilingualism and Language Learning Behavior of ESL Learners","attachmentId":49176523,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28759570/Bilingualism_and_Language_Learning_Behavior_of_ESL_Learners","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28759570/Bilingualism_and_Language_Learning_Behavior_of_ESL_Learners"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="33215260" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33215260/Sekar_J_J_2013_Use_of_L1_as_a_Strategy_for_Acquisition_of_English_in_the_Bilingual_Indian_Context_ACJELL_2_133_141">Sekar, J.J. 2013. Use of L1 as a Strategy for Acquisition of English in the Bilingual Indian Context. ACJELL, 2: 133-141</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6751544" href="https://americancollege.academia.edu/jeyarajjohnsekar">jeyaraj john sekar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Code-switching/-mixing has enormous pedagogical value in the Indian bilingual context of teaching English and it can promote interactive classroom which is otherwise difficult in an artificial monolingual " English only " classroom. In addition to creating a healthy and encouraging home-like ambiance for interaction in the formal classroom setting, this bilingual approach by learners helps them overcome certain social-psychological problems like cultural disloyalty, negative language attitude, and subconscious language behaviour, and linguistic factors like lexical gap, low level of competence, and communicative inability. Moreover, code-switching/-mixing is a rule-governed behaviour as a result of interaction between two contact languages in society aiding communication in both languages at once. Code-mixing and –switching between the home language and English is more beneficial to the acquisition of the latter at phonological, grammatical, lexical, sentence, and discourse levels. It creates awareness in learners of similar and dissimilar linguistic elements and idiomatic expressions between languages. It is also a natural way of learning a second language in multilingual contexts. Some teachers' attitude toward this natural bilingual phenomenon is negative on the ground that it promotes communication neither in English nor in the home language. They fail to perceive language basically as a social phenomenon and they fear that it will ultimately stunt learners' growth at the level of subordinate bilingualism, an unfounded fear. The present paper analyzes the attitudes of English teachers toward the use of Tamil as a perfect strategy in the English class that is the home language of the vast majority of English learners both in regional and English medium schools.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sekar, J.J. 2013. Use of L1 as a Strategy for Acquisition of English in the Bilingual Indian Context. ACJELL, 2: 133-141","attachmentId":53293321,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33215260/Sekar_J_J_2013_Use_of_L1_as_a_Strategy_for_Acquisition_of_English_in_the_Bilingual_Indian_Context_ACJELL_2_133_141","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33215260/Sekar_J_J_2013_Use_of_L1_as_a_Strategy_for_Acquisition_of_English_in_the_Bilingual_Indian_Context_ACJELL_2_133_141"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="63311052" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63311052/Analysis_of_Factors_Affecting_Second_Language_Acquisition">Analysis of Factors Affecting Second Language Acquisition</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29962243" href="https://dhrd-vnsgu.academia.edu/priyaadwani">priya adwani</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Social Sciences and Management</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The purport of this paper is to provide an overview of five factors affecting second language acquisition (SLA). The factors include vocabulary, grammar, and interference of mother tongue (L1), self-efficacy and motivation. These factors are vital to research for the process of acquiring second language. Language is composed of vocabulary words which are synchronized by grammar affected by first language .Self efficacy is a consequential component of social cognitive and this entire process of second language acquisition is possible by the factor of motivation. Motivation is additionally a consequential contributor to language achievement in terms of linguistic outcomes.Study of these factors synthesize in the process of acquiring second language resulting with possible suggestions.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Analysis of Factors Affecting Second Language Acquisition","attachmentId":75783402,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/63311052/Analysis_of_Factors_Affecting_Second_Language_Acquisition","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/63311052/Analysis_of_Factors_Affecting_Second_Language_Acquisition"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="3237953" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3237953/Use_of_the_learners_first_language_in_EFL_classroom_Justification_Kashmir_Journal_of_Language_Research_Vol_12_No_1_pp_93_123_University_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Muzaffarabad_Pakistan">Use of the learners’ first language in EFL classroom: Justification, Kashmir Journal of Language Research, Vol. 12 No.1, pp 93-123, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad Pakistan </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3491021" href="https://aiou.academia.edu/MalikAjmalGulzar">Malik Ajmal Gulzar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper tries to explore the effects of bilingual instructions and inspects the use of native language and target language in bilingual classroom discourse. In addition to it, this paper critically evaluates the significance of on going debate about the selection of languages as medium of instruction because in Pakistan two languages are being used as medium of instruction. The discretionary use of two languages by the teachers as medium of instruction reflects many problems in the discourse of bilingual classroom and this situation demands clarity on the part of policy planners. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a critical overview of the use of two languages in the classroom. Keeping in view the nature of the study, a survey was conducted to investigate the use of two languages in the EFL classrooms. During the analysis, the results indicated that there was no clear language strategy about the use of languages in the EFL classroom. Moreover, the results reflected that the percentage of using two languages (native and target) was not decided and this indistinctness in the policy provided a major support in the unrestricted use of languages by English language teachers. Although our analysis is restricted to the teachers of the Diploma TEFL classrooms but the conclusions could also be applied to answer the general question of justifying the selected use of learners' first language in the foreign language classroom.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Use of the learners’ first language in EFL classroom: Justification, Kashmir Journal of Language Research, Vol. 12 No.1, pp 93-123, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad Pakistan ","attachmentId":31098743,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3237953/Use_of_the_learners_first_language_in_EFL_classroom_Justification_Kashmir_Journal_of_Language_Research_Vol_12_No_1_pp_93_123_University_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Muzaffarabad_Pakistan","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3237953/Use_of_the_learners_first_language_in_EFL_classroom_Justification_Kashmir_Journal_of_Language_Research_Vol_12_No_1_pp_93_123_University_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Muzaffarabad_Pakistan"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="27176162" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27176162/Role_of_Mother_Tongue_in_Primary_Schooling_of_Young_Learners_in_Punjab">Role of Mother Tongue in Primary Schooling of Young Learners in Punjab</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51248198" href="https://independent.academia.edu/nancxyntonda">nancxy ntonda</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper focuses on one of the most fundamental issues in Education i.e. the choice of medium of instruction at primary level. In Pakistan, there is a multilingual system of education, besides mother tongue or regional language, Urdu is national language where as English is taught as compulsory subject up to graduate level. The medium of instruction in most of the early schooling is in regional language according to the demand of young learners. Now, Government of Punjab has made it compulsory that primary education should be given in English. In this paper it has been provided research based data to the policy makers and involved parties to make informed decisions. It has been hypothesized that all the stakeholders including the learners, teachers and parents are not satisfied with this decision and this 'unsatisfied' state has some pedagogical grounds. These pedagogical grounds needed to be explored and highlighted. In this context, the researcher has studied various theories related to the medium of instruction as well as the researches on this topic. It is basically a qualitative research; the researcher has applied methods of survey research to achieve the objectives of the research. The researcher has collected data from the young learners, their teachers and parents of the selected schools in under privileged areas like that of district Bukkar and Kasur to check their level of comfort with mother tongue, national language and foreign language (English) as the medium of instruction. The study has also checked their level of comprehension of different subjects in these media of instructions i-e mother tongue, National language and English. Finally, it has been concluded on the basis of analyzed data that the young learners are dissatisfied with foreign language (English) as a medium of instruction in their classes. They have to exert much while decoding the contents of foreign language, therefore, they prefer to</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Role of Mother Tongue in Primary Schooling of Young Learners in Punjab","attachmentId":47425922,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27176162/Role_of_Mother_Tongue_in_Primary_Schooling_of_Young_Learners_in_Punjab","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27176162/Role_of_Mother_Tongue_in_Primary_Schooling_of_Young_Learners_in_Punjab"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="114197628" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/114197628/The_Foundation_of_Second_Language_Acquisition">The Foundation of Second Language Acquisition</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="276294562" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndiniTriwesti">Tri Westi Iriandini</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2024</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper delves into the intricate realm of second language acquisition (SLA), focusing on the challenges and significance of mastering a second language, particularly English, within the context of multilingualism. Examining global bilingualism and the specific case of Indonesia, the study explores the distinct processes of acquiring proficiency in a second language. Problem formulations encompass the world of second language acquisition, its nature, comparison between levels B1 and B2, logical issues in language learning, and the framework guiding second language acquisition. The discussion navigates through the varied landscapes of multilingualism globally, emphasizing challenges faced by individuals in acquiring proficiency, especially in English. It dissects the natural process of first language acquisition in children, contrasting it with the complexities adults encounter in learning a second language. A comparative analysis of first and second language learning stages illuminates initial, intermediate, and final states. Logical issues in language learning, such as syntactic phenomena, are scrutinized, emphasizing the role of innate knowledge in shaping linguistic competence. The framework for second language acquisition is explored through linguistic, psychological, and social perspectives, establishing connections between theoretical models and practical applications. In conclusion, the paper underscores the dual nature of language acquisition, acknowledging the ease of first language mastery contrasted with the challenges posed by subsequent language learning. The theoretical frameworks provided offer diverse perspectives, emphasizing linguistic, psychological, and social dimensions in the study of SLA. While acknowledging significant strides, the paper advocates for further research to unravel the mysteries surrounding second language acquisition and enhance language learning methodologies.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Foundation of Second Language Acquisition","attachmentId":110958345,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114197628/The_Foundation_of_Second_Language_Acquisition","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/114197628/The_Foundation_of_Second_Language_Acquisition"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":92527487,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":92527487,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_92527487" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="109621243" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/109621243/Literature_Review_on_the_role_of_mother_tongue_in_learning_and_teaching_English_for_Specific_Purposes">Literature Review on the role of mother tongue in learning and teaching English for Specific Purposes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49969256" href="https://aab-edu.academia.edu/MirvanXhemaili">Mirvan Xhemaili</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Education and Practice, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Literature Review on the role of mother tongue in learning and teaching English for Specific Purposes","attachmentId":107690815,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109621243/Literature_Review_on_the_role_of_mother_tongue_in_learning_and_teaching_English_for_Specific_Purposes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/109621243/Literature_Review_on_the_role_of_mother_tongue_in_learning_and_teaching_English_for_Specific_Purposes"><span 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