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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British writer</div> <p> <b>Steven Poole</b> (born 1972) is a British author, journalist, and video game theorist.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He particularly concerns himself with the abuse of language and has written two books on the subject: <i>Unspeak</i> (2006) and <i>Who Touched Base in My Thought Shower?</i> (2013). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Poole&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Poole studied English at <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_College,_Cambridge" title="Emmanuel College, Cambridge">Emmanuel College, Cambridge</a>, and has subsequently written for publications including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_Literary_Supplement" title="The Times Literary Supplement">The Times Literary Supplement</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a></i>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></i>. He has published two books and currently writes a weekly nonfiction book-review column in the Saturday <i>Guardian</i> called Et Cetera, as well as regular longer book reviews, plus a monthly column in <i><a href="/wiki/Edge_(games_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edge (games magazine)">Edge</a></i> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poole was invited to deliver the opening keynote address at the 2006 <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Writers%27_Festival" title="Sydney Writers' Festival">Sydney Writers' Festival</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also gave a keynote at the 2008 Future and Reality of Gaming conference in Vienna.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Poole&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trigger_Happy_and_Trigger_Happy_2.0"><i>Trigger Happy</i> and <i>Trigger Happy 2.0</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Poole&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Trigger Happy and Trigger Happy 2.0"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Trigger_Happy_(book)" title="Trigger Happy (book)">Trigger Happy</a></i> was published in 2000 by 4th Estate in the UK (with the subtitle 'The Inner Life of Videogames') and by <a href="/wiki/Arcade_Publishing" title="Arcade Publishing">Arcade Publishing</a> in the US (with the subtitle 'Videogames and the Entertainment Revolution'). Investigating the aesthetics of videogames, Poole notes similarities and differences to other artforms such as cinema, painting and literature, and finally offers a description of games as semiotic systems that may provoke 'aesthetic wonder'. In 2007, Poole released a PDF version of the book for free download on his website, calling it an 'experiment' in the tip-jar model for writers.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, a collection of Poole's <i>Edge</i> columns was published as <i>Trigger Happy 2.0</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unspeak"><i>Unspeak</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Poole&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Unspeak"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Unspeak</i> was published in 2006 by <a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Little, Brown">Little, Brown</a> in the UK, and by <a href="/wiki/Grove_Press" title="Grove Press">Grove Press</a> in the US. The second UK edition (2007) has the subtitle 'Words Are Weapons'. It is a book about language in contemporary politics, structured around <a href="/wiki/Buzzphrases" class="mw-redirect" title="Buzzphrases">buzzphrases</a>, for which he names 'community', <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>/<a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a>, and '<a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">war on terror</a>' as examples. The book was shortlisted for <a href="/wiki/Index_on_Censorship" title="Index on Censorship">Index on Censorship</a>'s <a href="/wiki/T.R._Fyvel_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="T.R. Fyvel Award">T.R. Fyvel Award</a> in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Poole, 'unspeak' is related to <a href="/wiki/Framing_(social_sciences)" title="Framing (social sciences)">framing</a>: it is a rhetorical way of naming an issue so as to avoid having to argue one's position, and to render the opposing position inexpressible.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a negative review of the book in the <i>Guardian</i>, former British government communications chief <a href="/wiki/Alastair_Campbell" title="Alastair Campbell">Alastair Campbell</a> wrote, 'I am not quite sure what Poole is trying to say.'<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since publication of the book, the author has continued to discuss new examples of unspeak at the book's dedicated blog.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Who_Touched_Base_in_My_Thought_Shower?"><span id="Who_Touched_Base_in_My_Thought_Shower.3F"></span><i>Who Touched Base in My Thought Shower?</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Poole&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Who Touched Base in My Thought Shower?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Who Touched Base in My Thought Shower?</i> was released in October 2013 by <a href="/wiki/Sceptre_(imprint)" title="Sceptre (imprint)">Sceptre</a>, an imprint of <a href="/wiki/Hodder_%26_Stoughton" title="Hodder & Stoughton">Hodder & Stoughton</a>. The book was expanded from an article written for <i>The Guardian</i> and ridicules workplace jargon. <i>The Spectator</i> thought it "does show occasional signs of having been written in a rush, but it's a valuable glossary to corporate life and demonstrates the empty-headed arrogance of what passes for management style."<sup id="cite_ref-Berkmann_2013_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berkmann_2013-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rethink:_the_Surprising_History_of_Ideas"><i>Rethink: the Surprising History of Ideas</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Poole&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rethink: the Surprising History of Ideas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Rethink: the Surprising History of Ideas</i> was released in 2016 by. Among other subjects, it takes up the life-cycle of bad ideas and argues that retooling past ideas often leads to significant progress and innovation.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Journalism">Journalism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Poole&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Journalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Poole writes book reviews and literary and cultural essays for numerous publications, including a long obituary of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Jean Baudrillard</a> for <i>The Guardian</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a critique of the work of <a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Botton" title="Alain de Botton">Alain de Botton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Poole&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2004, Poole presented a television documentary for <a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a> called <i>Trigger Happy: The Invincible Rise of the Video Game</i>, based on his book.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also appeared in the documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Thumb_Candy" class="mw-redirect" title="Thumb Candy">Thumb Candy</a></i>, and has guested on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a> and other outlets in numerous discussions about language, including an appearance on the <i><a href="/wiki/Today_(BBC_Radio_4)" title="Today (BBC Radio 4)">Today</a></i> programme in 2009 talking about the term "swine flu".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_activities">Other activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Poole&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Poole is also a composer of music for documentary and short films,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the short film <i>EVOL</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Poole&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C45&q=%22Steven+Poole%22&btnG=">"Google Scholar Citations"</a>. Google Scholar<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Google+Scholar+Citations&rft.pub=Google+Scholar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar%3Fhl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D0%252C45%26q%3D%2522Steven%2BPoole%2522%26btnG%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteven+Poole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100302155536/http://www.edge-online.com/users/steven-poole">"Steven Poole | Edge Magazine"</a>. Edge-online.com. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Literary+festival+unveils+luminous+line-up+%E2%80%93+Books+%E2%80%93+Entertainment&rft.date=2006-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnews%2Fbooks%2Fliterary-festival-unveils-luminous-lineup%2F2006%2F03%2F30%2F1143441276031.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteven+Poole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bupp.at/frog/frog-archive/frog08-english/program/">Future And Reality Of Gaming</a>, Vienna Games Conference <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090817142131/http://bupp.at/frog/frog-archive/frog08-english/program/">Archived</a> 17 August 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrauenfelder2008" class="citation web cs1">Frauenfelder, Mark (15 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boingboing.net/2008/01/15/steven-pooles-book-o.html">"Steven Poole's book on the aesthetics of video games now a free download"</a>. Boing Boing<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steven+Poole%27s+book+on+the+aesthetics+of+video+games+now+a+free+download&rft.pub=Boing+Boing&rft.date=2008-01-15&rft.aulast=Frauenfelder&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boingboing.net%2F2008%2F01%2F15%2Fsteven-pooles-book-o.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteven+Poole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://leicesterreviewofbooks.wordpress.com/2006/03/31/french-journalist-wins-tr-fyvel-book-award/">"French journalist wins T.R. Fyvel Book Award"</a>. 31 March 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=French+journalist+wins+T.R.+Fyvel+Book+Award&rft.date=2006-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fleicesterreviewofbooks.wordpress.com%2F2006%2F03%2F31%2Ffrench-journalist-wins-tr-fyvel-book-award%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteven+Poole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unspeak.net/introduction/">"Extract: Introduction"</a>. Unspeak<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Unspeak+by+Steven+Poole+%26%23124%3B+Books+%26%23124%3B+The+Guardian&rft.date=2006-02-10&rft.au=Alastair+Campbell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2Freview%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C1706247%2C.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteven+Poole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unspeak.net">"Unspeak"</a>. Unspeak<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Spectator&rft.atitle=The+best+funny+books+for+Christmas&rft.date=2013-11-09&rft.aulast=Berkmann&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spectator.co.uk%2F2013%2F11%2Fenglish-for-the-natives-by-harold-ritchie-the-unbelievable-truth-by-graeme-garden-and-jon-naismith-numberland-by-mitchell-symons-who-touched-base-in-my-thoughts-shower-by-stephen-poole-dedicat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteven+Poole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoole2016" class="citation web cs1">Poole, Steven (28 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/jun/28/why-bad-ideas-refuse-die">"Why bad ideas refuse to die"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2016</span>. <q>It is important to rethink the notion that the best ideas reliably rise to the top: that itself is a zombie idea, which helps entrench powerful interests.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Why+bad+ideas+refuse+to+die&rft.date=2016-06-28&rft.aulast=Poole&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2016%2Fjun%2F28%2Fwhy-bad-ideas-refuse-die&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteven+Poole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteven_Poole2007" class="citation web cs1">Steven Poole (7 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stevenpoole.net/articles/transfini/">"Transfini"</a>. Steven Poole<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transfini&rft.pub=Steven+Poole&rft.date=2007-03-07&rft.au=Steven+Poole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstevenpoole.net%2Farticles%2Ftransfini%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteven+Poole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteven_Poole2005" class="citation news cs1">Steven Poole (18 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/mar/27/highereducation.shopping">"Review: Status Anxiety by Alain de Botton | Books"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Status+Anxiety+by+Alain+de+Botton+%26%23124%3B+Books&rft.date=2005-01-18&rft.au=Steven+Poole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2004%2Fmar%2F27%2Fhighereducation.shopping&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteven+Poole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteven_Poole2008" class="citation web cs1">Steven Poole (31 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stevenpoole.net/blog/trigger-happy-the-movie/">"Trigger Happy, the movie"</a>. Steven Poole<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trigger+Happy%2C+the+movie&rft.pub=Steven+Poole&rft.date=2008-01-31&rft.au=Steven+Poole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstevenpoole.net%2Fblog%2Ftrigger-happy-the-movie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteven+Poole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unspeak.net/media/">"Media"</a>. Unspeak<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Media&rft.pub=Unspeak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funspeak.net%2Fmedia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteven+Poole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2265142/">Steven Poole</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stevenpoole.net/music/">Music</a>, StevenPoole.net</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chrisvincze.info/evol/"><i>EVOL</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080320060608/http://www.chrisvincze.info/evol/">Archived</a> 20 March 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, ChrisVincze.info</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0804471/"><i>EVOL (2006)</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Poole&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stevenpoole.net">Steven Poole's official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2265142/">Steven Poole</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/profile/stevenpoole">Steven Poole's articles</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/22/AR2006052201526.html">Review of Unspeak</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/id/2158035/">Review of Unspeak</a> at <i><a 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