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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Italy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.1 Early developments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_network_and_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_network_and_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.2 Current network and projects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_network_and_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 France </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Germany </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 United Kingdom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_developments_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_developments_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1 Early developments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_developments_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_network_and_projects_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_network_and_projects_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.2 Current network and projects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_network_and_projects_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Spain </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_developments_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_developments_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1 Early developments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_developments_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_AVE_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_AVE_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.2 The AVE service </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_AVE_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_network_and_projects_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_network_and_projects_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.3 Current network and projects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_network_and_projects_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Integration_of_European_high-speed_rail_network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Integration_of_European_high-speed_rail_network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Integration of European high-speed rail network </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Integration_of_European_high-speed_rail_network-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Integration of European high-speed rail network subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Integration_of_European_high-speed_rail_network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cross-border_infrastructure_and_passenger_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cross-border_infrastructure_and_passenger_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Cross-border infrastructure and passenger services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cross-border_infrastructure_and_passenger_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Belgium </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Netherlands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paris_to_Frankfurt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paris_to_Frankfurt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3 Paris to Frankfurt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paris_to_Frankfurt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frankfurt_to_Marseille" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankfurt_to_Marseille"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.4 Frankfurt to Marseille </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankfurt_to_Marseille-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Channel_Tunnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Channel_Tunnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.5 Channel Tunnel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Channel_Tunnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-London_to_Paris_and_Brussels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#London_to_Paris_and_Brussels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.5.1 London to Paris and Brussels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-London_to_Paris_and_Brussels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-London_to_Amsterdam_and_Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#London_to_Amsterdam_and_Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.5.2 London to Amsterdam and Germany </div> </a> <ul id="toc-London_to_Amsterdam_and_Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish-French_border" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish-French_border"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.6 Spanish-French border </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish-French_border-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crossing_the_Alps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crossing_the_Alps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.7 Crossing the Alps </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crossing_the_Alps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future_projects_adjacent_to_existing_high-speed_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_projects_adjacent_to_existing_high-speed_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Future projects adjacent to existing high-speed services </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Future_projects_adjacent_to_existing_high-speed_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Future projects adjacent to existing high-speed services subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Future_projects_adjacent_to_existing_high-speed_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Magistrale_for_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magistrale_for_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Magistrale for Europe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magistrale_for_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paris_-_Berlin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paris_-_Berlin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Paris - Berlin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paris_-_Berlin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Switzerland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switzerland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nordic_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nordic_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Nordic countries </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nordic_countries-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Nordic countries subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Nordic_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Denmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Denmark </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Finland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iceland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iceland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Iceland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iceland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Norway </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Sweden </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South-east" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South-east"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 South-east </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-South-east-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle South-east subsection </button> <ul id="toc-South-east-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Turkey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Greece </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Romania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Serbia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Connection_with_Hungary_(Belgrade-Budapest)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connection_with_Hungary_(Belgrade-Budapest)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.1 Connection with Hungary (Belgrade-Budapest) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Connection_with_Hungary_(Belgrade-Budapest)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_upgrades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_upgrades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.2 Further upgrades </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_upgrades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central-Eastern_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central-Eastern_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Central-Eastern Europe </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Central-Eastern_Europe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Central-Eastern Europe subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Central-Eastern_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Croatia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croatia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Croatia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croatia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Czech_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Czech_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Czech Republic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Czech_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Hungary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Poland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_high-speed_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_high-speed_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Other high-speed projects </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_high-speed_projects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Other high-speed projects subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Other_high-speed_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belarus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belarus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Belarus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belarus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Baltics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Baltics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 The Baltics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Baltics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Ireland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Portugal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Russia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 In development </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_development-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle In development subsection </button> <ul id="toc-In_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cross_border" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cross_border"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Cross border </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cross_border-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Country-specific" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Country-specific"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Country-specific </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Country-specific-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/High_Speed_Railroad_Map_of_Europe.svg/450px-High_Speed_Railroad_Map_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/High_Speed_Railroad_Map_of_Europe.svg/600px-High_Speed_Railroad_Map_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1038" data-file-height="834" /></a><figcaption>Operational high-speed lines in Europe</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Networks_of_Major_High_Speed_Rail_Operators_in_Europe.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Networks_of_Major_High_Speed_Rail_Operators_in_Europe.gif/300px-Networks_of_Major_High_Speed_Rail_Operators_in_Europe.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Networks_of_Major_High_Speed_Rail_Operators_in_Europe.gif/450px-Networks_of_Major_High_Speed_Rail_Operators_in_Europe.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Networks_of_Major_High_Speed_Rail_Operators_in_Europe.gif/600px-Networks_of_Major_High_Speed_Rail_Operators_in_Europe.gif 2x" data-file-width="1980" data-file-height="1316" /></a><figcaption>Networks of major high-speed rail operators in Europe, 2019</figcaption></figure> High-speed rail (HSR) has developed in Europe as an increasingly popular and efficient means of transport. The first <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed rail</a> lines on the continent, built in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, improved travel times on intra-national corridors. Since then, several countries have built extensive high-speed networks, and there are now several cross-border high-speed rail links. Railway operators frequently run international services, and tracks are continuously being built and upgraded to international standards on the emerging European high-speed rail network. In 2007, a consortium of European Railway operators, <a href="/wiki/Railteam" title="Railteam">Railteam</a>, emerged to co-ordinate and boost cross-border high-speed rail travel. Developing a <a href="/wiki/Trans-European_high-speed_rail_network" title="Trans-European high-speed rail network">Trans-European high-speed rail network</a> is a stated goal of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, and most cross-border railway lines receive EU funding. Several countries — among them France, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom — are connected to a cross-border high-speed railway network. As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Spain" title="High-speed rail in Spain">Spain operates</a> the largest high-speed rail network in Europe with 3,966 km (2,464 mi)<a href="#cite_note-ADIF-1">[1]</a> and the second-largest in the world, <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_China" title="High-speed rail in China">trailing only China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CNN_es_cn-2">[2]</a> More are expected to be connected in the coming years as Europe invests heavily in tunnels, bridges and other infrastructure and development projects across the continent, many of which are under construction now. <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">Alstom</a> was the first manufacturer to design and deliver a high speed train or HS-Train, which ended up in service with <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a> in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. Currently, there are a number of manufacturers designing and building HSR in Europe, with criss-crossed alliances and partnerships, including Alstom, <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Transportation" title="Bombardier Transportation">Bombardier</a> (owned by Alstom since 2021), <a href="/wiki/Hitachi_Rail" title="Hitachi Rail">Hitachi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siemens_Mobility" title="Siemens Mobility">Siemens</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Talgo" title="Talgo">Talgo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> The earliest European high-speed railway to be built was the Italian <a href="/wiki/Florence%E2%80%93Rome_high-speed_railway" title="Florence–Rome high-speed railway">Florence–Rome high-speed railway</a> (also called "Direttissima").<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_national_high-speed_rail_networks">Early national high-speed rail networks</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early national high-speed rail networks">edit</a>]</div> The first high-speed rail lines and services were built in the 1980s and 1990s as national projects. Countries sought to increase passenger capacity and decrease journey times on inter-city routes within their borders. In the beginning, lines were built through national funding programs and services were operated by national operators. <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:550px"><div class="center noresize" style="width:550px;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="thumbcaption">Evolution of length of sections of lines designed for trains that can go faster than 250 km/h (155 mph), via the European Union, Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></div></div></div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:400px"><div class="center noresize" style="width:400px;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="thumbcaption">Length of sections of lines designed for trains that can go faster than 250 km/h (155 mph) by country, via the European Union, Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Italy">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Italy" title="High-speed rail in Italy">High-speed rail in Italy</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_developments">Early developments</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early developments">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Etr500.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Etr500.JPG/220px-Etr500.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Etr500.JPG/330px-Etr500.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Etr500.JPG/440px-Etr500.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/ETR_500" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 500">ETR 500</a> train running on the <a href="/wiki/Florence%E2%80%93Rome_high-speed_railway" title="Florence–Rome high-speed railway">Florence–Rome high-speed line</a> near <a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, the first high-speed railway opened in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></figcaption></figure> The earliest high-speed rail line built in Europe was the Italian "Direttissima", the <a href="/wiki/Florence%E2%80%93Rome_high-speed_railway" title="Florence–Rome high-speed railway">Florence–Rome high-speed railway</a> 254 km (158 mi) in 1977. The top speed on the line was 250 km/h (160 mph), giving an end-to-end journey time of about 90 minutes with an average speed of 200 km/h (120 mph). This line used a 3 kV DC supply. High-speed service was introduced on the Rome-Milan line in 1988–89 with the <a href="/wiki/ETR_450" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 450">ETR 450</a> Pendolino train, with a top speed of 250 km/h (160 mph) and cutting travel times from about 5 hours to 4.<a href="#cite_note-AVhist-7">[7]</a> The prototype train <a href="/wiki/ETR_500#The_prototypes" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 500">ETR X 500</a> was the first Italian train to reach 300 km/h (190 mph) on the Direttissima on 25 May 1989.<a href="#cite_note-AVhist-7">[7]</a> In November 2018, the first high-speed <a href="/wiki/Freight_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Freight rail">freight rail</a> in the world commenced service in Italy. The ETR 500 Mercitalia Fast train carries freight between <a href="/wiki/Caserta" title="Caserta">Caserta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> in 3 hours and 30 minutes, at an average speed of 180 km/h (110 mph).<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The Italian government constructor <a href="/wiki/Treno_Alta_Velocit%C3%A0" title="Treno Alta Velocità">Treno Alta Velocità</a> has been adding to the high-speed network in Italy, with some lines already opened. The Italian operator <a href="/wiki/Nuovo_Trasporto_Viaggiatori" title="Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori">NTV</a> is the first open access high-speed rail operator in Europe, since 2011, using <a href="/wiki/Automotrice_%C3%A0_grande_vitesse" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotrice à grande vitesse">AGV ETR 575</a> multiple units. In March 2011, a contract for the second phase of construction on the <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>–<a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a> high-speed line was signed. This section will be 39 km (24 mi) long. Construction was originally to be completed by 2015,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> it is open to Brescia from late 2016. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Current_network_and_projects">Current network and projects</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Current network and projects">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Line</th> <th>Operating speed (max)</th> <th>Length</th> <th>Construction began</th> <th>Construction completed or expected start of revenue services </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Florence%E2%80%93Rome_high-speed_railway" title="Florence–Rome high-speed railway">Florence–Rome</a></td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>254 km (158 mi)</td> <td>1970</td> <td>1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rome%E2%80%93Naples_high-speed_railway" title="Rome–Naples high-speed railway">Rome–Naples</a></td> <td>300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>205 km (127 mi)</td> <td>1995</td> <td>2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a>–<a href="/wiki/Venezia_Mestre_railway_station" title="Venezia Mestre railway station">Venice (Mestre)</a></td> <td>220 km/h (137 mph)</td> <td>25 km (16 mi)</td> <td></td> <td>2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Naples%E2%80%93Salerno_high-speed_railway" title="Naples–Salerno high-speed railway">Naples-Salerno</a></td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>29 km (18 mi)</td> <td></td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Milan%E2%80%93Bologna_high-speed_railway" title="Milan–Bologna high-speed railway">Milan–Bologna</a></td> <td>300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>215 km (134 mi)</td> <td>2002</td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bologna%E2%80%93Florence_high-speed_railway" title="Bologna–Florence high-speed railway">Bologna–Florence</a></td> <td>300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>79 km (49 mi)</td> <td>1992</td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turin%E2%80%93Milan_high-speed_railway" title="Turin–Milan high-speed railway">Turin–Milan</a></td> <td>300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>125 km (78 mi)</td> <td></td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Milan%E2%80%93Verona_high-speed_railway" title="Milan–Verona high-speed railway">Milan–Brescia</a></td> <td>300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>67 km (42 mi)</td> <td>2012</td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a>-<a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a></td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>48 km (30 mi)</td> <td>2016</td> <td>2026<a href="#cite_note-Brescia_-_Verona_-_Padova-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a>-<a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a></td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>44 km (27 mi)</td> <td>2021</td> <td>2026<a href="#cite_note-Brescia_-_Verona_-_Padova-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicenza_Crossing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vicenza Crossing (page does not exist)">Vicenza Crossing</a></td> <td>160 km/h (99 mph)</td> <td>6 km (3.7 mi)</td> <td></td> <td>2032<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a>-<a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a></td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>42 km (26 mi)</td> <td>2024 </td> <td>2029<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brenner_Base_Tunnel" title="Brenner Base Tunnel">Brenner Base Tunnel</a></td> <td rowspan="4">250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>56 km (35 mi)</td> <td>2006</td> <td>2032<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turin-Lyon_high-speed_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Turin-Lyon high-speed railway">Turin-Lyon</a></td> <td>72 km (45 mi)</td> <td>2011</td> <td>2030<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a>-<a href="/wiki/Brenner,_South_Tyrol" title="Brenner, South Tyrol">Brenner</a><a href="#cite_note-tunnelbuilder1-16">[16]</a></td> <td>180 km (110 mi)</td> <td>2021</td> <td>2032 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tortona%E2%80%93Genoa_high-speed_railway" title="Tortona–Genoa high-speed railway">Milano-Genoa</a></td> <td>53 km (33 mi)</td> <td>2011</td> <td>2026<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>-<a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a></td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>147 km (91 mi)</td> <td>2016</td> <td>2027<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence_rail_bypass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Florence rail bypass (page does not exist)">Florence rail bypass</a></td> <td>100 km/h (62 mph)</td> <td>8 km (5.0 mi)</td> <td>2023</td> <td>2028<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>–<a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a>–<a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a> high-speed railway</td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>67 km (42 mi)</td> <td>2018</td> <td>2029<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> The table shows minimum and maximum (depending on stops) travel times.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Bologna </th> <th>Florence </th> <th>Milan </th> <th>Naples </th> <th>Rome </th> <th>Turin </th></tr> <tr> <td>Bologna</td> <td style="background:#ccc;">-</td> <td>0:35</td> <td>0:53</td> <td>3:15 (3:35)</td> <td>1:54 (2:03)</td> <td>2:02 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Florence</td> <td>0:35</td> <td style="background:#ccc;">-</td> <td>1:31</td> <td>2:31 (2:51)</td> <td>1:18 (1:45)</td> <td>2:38 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Milan</td> <td>0:53</td> <td>1:31</td> <td style="background:#ccc;">-</td> <td>3:50 (4:18)</td> <td>2:40 (3:08)</td> <td>0:44 (1:00) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Naples</td> <td>3:15 (3:35)</td> <td>2:31 (2:51)</td> <td>3:50 (4:18)</td> <td style="background:#ccc;">-</td> <td>1:08</td> <td>5:00 (5:25) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rome</td> <td>1:54 (2:35)</td> <td>1:18 (1:45)</td> <td>2:40 (3:08)</td> <td>1:08</td> <td style="background:#ccc;">-</td> <td>3:48 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turin</td> <td>2:02</td> <td>2:38</td> <td>0:44 (1:00)</td> <td>5:00 (5:25)</td> <td>3:48</td> <td style="background:#ccc;">- </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_TAV.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Italy_TAV.png/220px-Italy_TAV.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Italy_TAV.png/330px-Italy_TAV.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Italy_TAV.png/440px-Italy_TAV.png 2x" data-file-width="1649" data-file-height="2031" /></a><figcaption>Map of Italian high-speed and higher speed rail network</figcaption></figure> The Italian high-speed railway network consists of 1,342 km (834 mi) of lines, which allow speeds of up to 300 km/h (186 mph). The safety system adopted for the network is the <a href="/wiki/ERMTS" class="mw-redirect" title="ERMTS">ERMTS</a>/<a href="/wiki/ETCS" class="mw-redirect" title="ETCS">ETCS</a> II, the state-of-the-art in railway signalling and safety.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> The power supply follows the European standard of 25 kV AC 50 Hz mono-phase current. The Direttissima segment is still supplied with 3 kV DC current, but it is planned that this will be conformed to the rest of the network.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frecciarossa_1000_nuova_livrea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Frecciarossa_1000_nuova_livrea.jpg/220px-Frecciarossa_1000_nuova_livrea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Frecciarossa_1000_nuova_livrea.jpg/330px-Frecciarossa_1000_nuova_livrea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Frecciarossa_1000_nuova_livrea.jpg/440px-Frecciarossa_1000_nuova_livrea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="814" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato_Italiane" title="Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane">FS</a>' <a href="/wiki/Frecciarossa_1000" title="Frecciarossa 1000">Frecciarossa 1000</a> high speed train at <a href="/wiki/Milano_Centrale_railway_station" title="Milano Centrale railway station">Milano Centrale railway station</a>, with a maximum speed of 400 km/h (249 mph),<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> is one of the fastest trains in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frecciaargento_600_112.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Frecciaargento_600_112.jpg/220px-Frecciaargento_600_112.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Frecciaargento_600_112.jpg/330px-Frecciaargento_600_112.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Frecciaargento_600_112.jpg/440px-Frecciaargento_600_112.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1150" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato_Italiane" title="Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane">FS</a>' <a href="/wiki/FS_Class_ETR_600" title="FS Class ETR 600">ETR 600</a> high speed train at <a href="/wiki/Venezia_Santa_Lucia_railway_station" title="Venezia Santa Lucia railway station">Venezia Santa Lucia railway station</a>. Its design comes from <a href="/wiki/Giorgetto_Giugiaro" title="Giorgetto Giugiaro">Giorgetto Giugiaro</a>.</figcaption></figure> With the entering into service of the <a href="/wiki/Frecciarossa_1000" title="Frecciarossa 1000">ETR1000</a> train-sets, which have a designed top speed of 400 km/h (248.5 mph)<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> and a designed commercial speed of 360 km/h (223.7 mph),<a href="#cite_note-FS_Frecciarossa_1000-29">[29]</a> the rail network speeds where thought to be upgraded<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> to safely allow trains to run at such speeds. After it entered in service in 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Frecciarossa_1000" title="Frecciarossa 1000">Frecciarossa 1000</a> underwent several speed tests along the Turin-Milan route, reaching the Italian rail speed record of 393.8 km/h (244.7 mph) on 26 February 2016.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> On 28 May 2018, the Italian <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Infrastructure_and_Transport_(Italy)" title="Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (Italy)">Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Agenzia_Nazionale_per_la_Sicurezza_delle_Ferrovie" title="Agenzia Nazionale per la Sicurezza delle Ferrovie">ANSF</a> announced that no further tests will be carried out, as issues of ballast being suctioned by the train emerged at those speeds, and that the speed limit would be maintained at 300 km/h (186.4 mph), which is the speed for which it is currently certified.<a href="#cite_note-FS_Frecciarossa_1000-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FS_ETR.500_pair,_Firenze_S.M.N._(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/FS_ETR.500_pair%2C_Firenze_S.M.N._%281%29.JPG/220px-FS_ETR.500_pair%2C_Firenze_S.M.N._%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/FS_ETR.500_pair%2C_Firenze_S.M.N._%281%29.JPG/330px-FS_ETR.500_pair%2C_Firenze_S.M.N._%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/FS_ETR.500_pair%2C_Firenze_S.M.N._%281%29.JPG/440px-FS_ETR.500_pair%2C_Firenze_S.M.N._%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>A pair of <a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato_Italiane" title="Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane">FS</a>' <a href="/wiki/ETR_500" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 500">ETR 500</a> at <a href="/wiki/Firenze_Santa_Maria_Novella_railway_station" title="Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station">Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station</a>. The version ETR 500 Y1 achieved 362 km/h (225 mph) on the Bologna-Florence line on 4 February 2009, a new world speed record in a tunnel.<a href="#cite_note-FS355record-34">[34]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italo_Evo_in_Venezia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Italo_Evo_in_Venezia.jpg/220px-Italo_Evo_in_Venezia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Italo_Evo_in_Venezia.jpg/330px-Italo_Evo_in_Venezia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Italo_Evo_in_Venezia.jpg/440px-Italo_Evo_in_Venezia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/ETR_675" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 675">ETR 675</a> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elettrotreno_NTV_ETR.675" class="extiw" title="it:Elettrotreno NTV ETR.675">it</a>] Italo EVO (<a href="/wiki/Nuovo_Trasporto_Viaggiatori" title="Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori">NTV</a>) at <a href="/wiki/Venezia_Mestre_railway_station" title="Venezia Mestre railway station">Venezia Mestre railway station</a>.</figcaption></figure> Service on the high speed lines is provided by <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a> and the privately owned <a href="/wiki/Nuovo_Trasporto_Viaggiatori" title="Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori">NTV</a>. Several types of <a href="/wiki/List_of_high_speed_trains" class="mw-redirect" title="List of high speed trains">high-speed trains</a> carry out the service: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AGV_(train)" title="AGV (train)">AGV</a> 575: non-tilting, it can reach 360 km/h (220 mph) and has an operational speed of up to 300 km/h (190 mph), operated by NTV as Italo;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETR_500" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 500">ETR 500</a>: non-tilting, it can reach 360km/h, operational speeds up to 300 km/h (190 mph), operated by Trenitalia as the <a href="/wiki/Frecciarossa" title="Frecciarossa">Frecciarossa</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETR_1000" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 1000">ETR 1000</a>: non-tilting, operated by Trenitalia as the Frecciarossa 1000, it can reach 400 km/h (250 mph) and has operational speed of 300 km/h (190 mph).<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FS_Class_ETR_480" title="FS Class ETR 480">ETR 485</a>, tilting, speeds up to 250 km/h (160 mph), operated by Trenitalia as the <a href="/wiki/Frecciargento" title="Frecciargento">Frecciargento</a>. It operates mainly on traditional lines;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETR_600" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 600">ETR 600</a>, tilting, speeds up to 250 km/h (160 mph), operated by Trenitalia as the Frecciarossa. It operates on routes that include relatively important sections on traditional lines, but also high-speed ones;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETR_610" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 610">ETR 610</a>: tilting, speeds up to 250 km/h (160 mph), operated by <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a> on <a href="/wiki/EuroCity" title="EuroCity">EuroCity</a> trains between Italy and Switzerland together with <a href="/wiki/SBB_RABe_501" title="SBB RABe 501">Giruno</a> trainsets;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETR_675" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 675">ETR 675</a>: non-tilting, operated by NTV as Italo;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETR_700" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 700">ETR 700</a>: non-tilting, speeds up to 250 km/h (160 mph), operated by Trenitalia as Frecciarossa mostly on routes consisting of sections on both traditional and high-speed lines.</li></ul> Current limitations on the tracks set the maximum operating speed of the trains at 300 km/h (186 mph) after plans for 360 km/h (224 mph) operations were cancelled.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Development of the <a href="/wiki/ETR_1000" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 1000">ETR 1000</a> by <a href="/wiki/AnsaldoBreda" class="mw-redirect" title="AnsaldoBreda">AnsaldoBreda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Transportation" title="Bombardier Transportation">Bombardier Transportation</a> (which is designed to operate commercially at 360 km/h (224 mph), with a technical top speed of over 400 km/h (249 mph), is proceeding, with <a href="/wiki/Rete_Ferroviaria_Italiana" title="Rete Ferroviaria Italiana">Rete Ferroviaria Italiana</a> working on the necessary updates to allow trains to speed up to 360 km/h (224 mph). On 28 May 2018, the Ministry for Infrastructures and Transportation and the National Association for Railway Safety decided not to run the 385 km/h (239 mph) tests required to allow commercial operation at 350 km/h (217 mph), thus limiting the maximum commercial speed on the existing Italian high-speed lines to 300 km/h (186 mph) and cancelling the project.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a> trains also run on the <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>-Turin-Milan service, but do not use any high-speed line in Italy.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In the 1990s, work started on the <a href="/wiki/Treno_Alta_Velocit%C3%A0" title="Treno Alta Velocità">Treno Alta Velocità</a> (TAV) project, which involved building a new high-speed network on the routes <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> – (Bologna–Florence–Rome–Naples) – <a href="/wiki/Salerno" title="Salerno">Salerno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a> – (Milan–Verona–Venice) – <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> and Milan–<a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>. Most of the planned lines have already been opened, while international links with France, Switzerland, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> are underway. Most of the <a href="/wiki/Rome%E2%80%93Naples_high-speed_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Rome–Naples high-speed railway line">Rome–Naples line</a> opened in December 2005, the <a href="/wiki/Turin%E2%80%93Milan_high-speed_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Turin–Milan high-speed railway line">Turin–Milan line</a> partially opened in February 2006 and the <a href="/wiki/Milan%E2%80%93Bologna_high-speed_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Milan–Bologna high-speed railway line">Milan–Bologna line</a> opened in December 2008. The remaining sections of the Rome–Naples and the Turin–Milan lines and the <a href="/wiki/Bologna%E2%80%93Florence_high-speed_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Bologna–Florence high-speed railway line">Bologna–Florence line</a> were completed in December 2009. All these lines are designed for speeds up to 300 km/h (190 mph). Since then, it is possible to travel from Turin to Salerno (ca. 950 km (590 mi)) in less than 5 hours. More than 100 trains per day are operated.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Construction of the Milan-Venice high-speed line has begun in 2013 and in 2016 the <a href="/wiki/Milan%E2%80%93Verona_high-speed_railway" title="Milan–Verona high-speed railway">Milan-Treviglio</a> section has been opened to passenger traffic; the Milan-Genoa high-speed line (Terzo Valico dei Giovi) is also under construction. Other proposed high-speed lines are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salerno%E2%80%93Reggio_Calabria_high-speed_railway_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salerno–Reggio Calabria high-speed railway line (page does not exist)">Salerno-Reggio Calabria</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> (connected to Sicily with the future <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Messina_Bridge" title="Strait of Messina Bridge">bridge over the Strait of Messina</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo%E2%80%93Catania_high-speed_railway_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palermo–Catania high-speed railway line (page does not exist)">Palermo-Catania</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naples%E2%80%93Bari_high-speed_railway_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naples–Bari high-speed railway line (page does not exist)">Naples–Bari</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The main public operator of high-speed trains (alta velocità AV, formerly <a href="/wiki/Eurostar_Italia" title="Eurostar Italia">Eurostar Italia</a>) is <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato_Italiane" title="Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane">FSI</a>. Trains are divided into three categories (called "<a href="/wiki/Le_Frecce" title="Le Frecce">Le Frecce</a>"): <a href="/wiki/Frecciarossa" title="Frecciarossa">Frecciarossa</a> ("Red arrow") trains operate at a maximum of 300 km/h (185 mph) on dedicated high-speed tracks; <a href="/wiki/Frecciargento" title="Frecciargento">Frecciargento</a> (Silver arrow) trains operate at a maximum of 250 km/h (155 mph) on both high-speed and mainline tracks; <a href="/wiki/Frecciabianca" title="Frecciabianca">Frecciabianca</a> (White arrow) trains operate at a maximum of 200 km/h (125 mph) on mainline tracks only.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The increasing success of Italy's high-speed rail networks since 2008 has been cited as one of the main reasons that the flag carrier airline <a href="/wiki/Alitalia" title="Alitalia">Alitalia</a>, which focused on domestic flights, went bankrupt and ceased operations in October 2021 as high-speed train travel became faster, cheaper and more efficient.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: France">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carte_TGV.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Carte_TGV.svg/220px-Carte_TGV.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Carte_TGV.svg/330px-Carte_TGV.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Carte_TGV.svg/440px-Carte_TGV.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1056" /></a><figcaption>High-speed rail in France and bordering countries</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/France_TGV_high_speed_trains.webm/220px--France_TGV_high_speed_trains.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="335" data-mwtitle="France_TGV_high_speed_trains.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:France_TGV_high_speed_trains.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/France_TGV_high_speed_trains.webm/France_TGV_high_speed_trains.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/France_TGV_high_speed_trains.webm/France_TGV_high_speed_trains.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/France_TGV_high_speed_trains.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/France_TGV_high_speed_trains.webm/France_TGV_high_speed_trains.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/France_TGV_high_speed_trains.webm/France_TGV_high_speed_trains.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/France_TGV_high_speed_trains.webm/France_TGV_high_speed_trains.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/France_TGV_high_speed_trains.webm/France_TGV_high_speed_trains.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Video footage of <a href="/wiki/Train_%C3%A0_Grande_Vitesse" class="mw-redirect" title="Train à Grande Vitesse">TGV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thalys" title="Thalys">Thalys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurostar" title="Eurostar">Eurostar</a> rushing past in France (2018)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_France" title="High-speed rail in France">High-speed rail in France</a></div> France was the second country to introduce high-speed rail in Europe when the <a href="/wiki/LGV_Sud-Est" title="LGV Sud-Est">LGV Sud-Est</a> from Paris to <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> opened in 1981 and <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a> started passenger service. Since then, France has continued to build an extensive network, with lines extending in every direction from Paris. France has the second largest high-speed network in Europe, with 2,800 km (1,740 mi) of operative HSR lines in June 2021,<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> behind only Spain's 3,966 km (2,464 mi).<a href="#cite_note-ADIF-1">[1]</a> The TGV network gradually spread out to other cities, and into other countries such as Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, and the UK. Due to the early adoption of high-speed rail and the important location of France (between the Iberian Peninsula, the British Isles and Central Europe), most other dedicated high-speed rail lines in Europe have been built to the same speed, voltage and signaling standards. The most obvious exception is the high-speed lines in Germany, which are built to existing German railway standards. Also, many high-speed services, including TGV and ICE utilize existing rail lines in addition to those designed for high-speed rail. For that reason, and due to differing national standards, trains that cross national boundaries need to have special characteristics, such as the ability to handle different power supplies and <a href="/wiki/Railway_signal" title="Railway signal">signalling</a> systems. This means that not all TGVs are the same, and there are <a href="/wiki/Loading_gauge" title="Loading gauge">loading gauge</a> and signalling considerations. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Line</th> <th>Connected cities/stations</th> <th>Opened</th> <th>Operating speed (max) </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">North corridor </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/LGV_Nord" title="LGV Nord">LGV Nord</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gare_du_Nord" title="Gare du Nord">Paris-Nord</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gare_TGV_Haute-Picardie" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare TGV Haute-Picardie">Péronne</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gare_d%27Arras" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare d'Arras">Arras</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Lille-Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Lille-Europe">Lille-Europe</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Calais-Fr%C3%A9thun" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Calais-Fréthun">Calais</a> </td> <td>1993 </td> <td rowspan="2">300 km/h (190 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/LGV_Interconnexion_Est" title="LGV Interconnexion Est">LGV Interconnexion Est</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_Charles_de_Gaulle_2_TGV" class="mw-redirect" title="Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 TGV">Aéroport Charles de Gaulle</a> · <a href="/wiki/Marne-la-Vall%C3%A9e%E2%80%93Chessy_station" title="Marne-la-Vallée–Chessy station">Marne-la-Vallée–Chessy</a> </td> <td>1994 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">South-west corridor </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/LGV_Atlantique" title="LGV Atlantique">LGV Atlantique</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gare_Montparnasse" title="Gare Montparnasse">Paris-Montparnasse</a> · <a href="/wiki/Massy_TGV_station" title="Massy TGV station">Massy</a> </td> <td>1989 </td> <td rowspan="2">300 km/h (190 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Southern branch: <a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%B4me-Villiers-sur-Loir_TGV_station" title="Vendôme-Villiers-sur-Loir TGV station">Vendôme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tours_station" title="Tours station">Tours</a> Western branch: <a href="/wiki/Le_Mans_station" title="Le Mans station">Le Mans</a> </td> <td>1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/LGV_Sud_Europe_Atlantique" title="LGV Sud Europe Atlantique">LGV Sud Europe Atlantique</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poitiers_station" title="Poitiers station">Poitiers</a> · <a href="/wiki/Angoul%C3%AAme_station" title="Angoulême station">Angoulême</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux-Saint-Jean_station" title="Bordeaux-Saint-Jean station">Bordeaux-Saint-Jean</a> </td> <td>2017 </td> <td rowspan="2">320 km/h (200 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/LGV_Bretagne-Pays_de_la_Loire" title="LGV Bretagne-Pays de la Loire">LGV Bretagne-Pays de la Loire</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sabl%C3%A9-sur-Sarthe" title="Sablé-sur-Sarthe">Sablé-sur-Sarthe</a> · <a href="/wiki/Laval_station" title="Laval station">Laval</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rennes_station" title="Rennes station">Rennes</a> </td> <td>2017 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">South-east corridor </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/LGV_Sud-Est" title="LGV Sud-Est">LGV Sud-Est</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Lyon" title="Gare de Lyon">Paris-Lyon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Le_Creusot_TGV_station" title="Le Creusot TGV station">Le Creusot</a> · <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2con-Loch%C3%A9_TGV_station" title="Mâcon-Loché TGV station">Mâcon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lyon-Part-Dieu_station" title="Lyon-Part-Dieu station">Lyon-Part-Dieu</a> </td> <td>1981 </td> <td rowspan="2">300 km/h (190 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/LGV_Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="LGV Rhône-Alpes">LGV Rhône-Alpes</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lyon-Saint-Exup%C3%A9ry_TGV_station" title="Lyon-Saint-Exupéry TGV station">Lyon-Saint-Exupéry</a> · <a href="/wiki/Valence_TGV_station" title="Valence TGV station">Valence</a> </td> <td>1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/LGV_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e" title="LGV Méditerranée">LGV Méditerranée</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Avignon_TGV_station" title="Avignon TGV station">Avignon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Aix-en-Provence_TGV_station" title="Aix-en-Provence TGV station">Aix-en-Provence</a> · <a href="/wiki/Marseille-Saint-Charles_station" title="Marseille-Saint-Charles station">Marseille-Saint-Charles</a> </td> <td>2001 </td> <td rowspan="2">320 km/h (200 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/LGV_Rhin-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="LGV Rhin-Rhône">LGV Rhin-Rhône</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on_Franche-Comt%C3%A9_TGV_station" title="Besançon Franche-Comté TGV station">Besançon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Belfort_%E2%80%93_Montb%C3%A9liard_TGV_station" title="Belfort – Montbéliard TGV station">Belfort</a> </td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Contournement_N%C3%AEmes_%E2%80%93_Montpellier" title="Contournement Nîmes – Montpellier">LGV Nîmes – Montpellier</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes-Pont-du-Gard_station" title="Nîmes-Pont-du-Gard station">Nîmes</a> · <a href="/wiki/Montpellier_Sud_de_France_station" title="Montpellier Sud de France station">Montpellier</a> </td> <td>2018 </td> <td data-sort-value="2030-07-01">220 km/h (140 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Perpignan%E2%80%93Barcelona_high-speed_rail_line" title="Perpignan–Barcelona high-speed rail line">LGV Perpignan–Figueres</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Perpignan_station" title="Perpignan station">Perpignan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Figueres%E2%80%93Vilafant_railway_station" title="Figueres–Vilafant railway station">Figueres–Vilafant</a> </td> <td>2010 </td> <td>320 km/h (200 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">East corridor </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/LGV_Est" title="LGV Est">LGV Est</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gare_de_l%27Est" title="Gare de l'Est">Paris-Est</a> · <a href="/wiki/Champagne-Ardenne_TGV_station" title="Champagne-Ardenne TGV station">Bezannes</a> · <a href="/wiki/Meuse_TGV_station" title="Meuse TGV station">Les Trois-Domaines</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_TGV_station" title="Lorraine TGV station">Louvigny</a> </td> <td>2007 </td> <td rowspan="2">320 km/h (200 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vendenheim" title="Vendenheim">Vendenheim</a> · <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg-Ville_station" title="Strasbourg-Ville station">Strasbourg-Ville</a> </td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Future lines </th></tr> <tr> <th>Line and length </th> <th>Construction began </th> <th>Construction completed or expected start of revenue services </th> <th>Operating speed (max) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/LGV_Bordeaux%E2%80%93Toulouse" title="LGV Bordeaux–Toulouse">LGV Bordeaux-Toulouse</a> 222 km (138 mi) </td> <td>2024 </td> <td>2030 </td> <td rowspan="2">320 km/h (200 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGV_Bordeaux-Espagne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LGV Bordeaux-Espagne (page does not exist)">LGV Bordeaux-Espagne</a> 222 km (138 mi) </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>~ 2032 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/LGV_Montpellier%E2%80%93Perpignan" title="LGV Montpellier–Perpignan">LGV Montpellier-Perpignan</a> 150 km (93 mi) </td> <td>2030 </td> <td>2035 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turin-Lyon_high-speed_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Turin-Lyon high-speed railway">Lyon-Turin</a> 272 km (169 mi) </td> <td>2007 </td> <td>2032 </td> <td>300 km/h (190 mph) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Germany">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ICE_Network.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/ICE_Network.png/220px-ICE_Network.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/ICE_Network.png/330px-ICE_Network.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/ICE_Network.png/440px-ICE_Network.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1620" /></a><figcaption>ICE network</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Germany" title="High-speed rail in Germany">High-speed rail in Germany</a></div> Following the <a href="/wiki/ETR_450" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 450">ETR 450</a> and <a href="/wiki/Direttissima" class="mw-redirect" title="Direttissima">Direttissima</a> in Italy and French <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a>, in 1991 Germany was the third country in Europe to inaugurate a high-speed rail service, with the launch of the <a href="/wiki/Intercity-Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity-Express">Intercity-Express</a> (ICE) on the new <a href="/wiki/Hanover%E2%80%93W%C3%BCrzburg_high-speed_railway" title="Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway">Hannover–Würzburg high-speed railway</a>, operating at a top speed of 280 km/h (170 mph). The ICE network is more tightly integrated with pre-existing lines and trains as a result of the different settlement structure in Germany, with more than twice the population density of France. ICE trains reached destinations in Austria and Switzerland soon after they entered service, taking advantage of the same voltage used in these countries. Starting in 2000, multisystem third-generation ICE trains entered the Netherlands and Belgium. The third generation of the ICE reached a speed of 363 km/h (226 mph) during trial runs in accordance with European rules requiring maximum speed +10% in trial runs, and is certified for 330 km/h (205 mph) in regular service. Germany has around 1,658 kilometers (1,030 miles) of high speed lines.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> In the south-west, a new line between <a href="/wiki/Offenburg" title="Offenburg">Offenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a> is planned to allow speeds of 250 km/h (155 mph), and a new line between Frankfurt and Mannheim for speeds of 300 km/h (186 mph) is in advanced planning stages. In the east, a 230 km (143 mi) long line between <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a> opened in December 2017 for speeds of up to 300 km/h (186 mph). Together with the fast lines from Berlin to Leipzig and from Nuremberg to Munich, which were completed in 2006, it allows journey times of about four hours from Berlin in the north to <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> in the south, compared to nearly eight hours for the same distance a few years ago. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Line</th> <th>Operating speed (max)</th> <th>Length</th> <th>Construction began </th> <th>Construction completed or expected start of revenue services </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hanover%E2%80%93W%C3%BCrzburg_high-speed_railway" title="Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway">Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li>Normal:</li><li>250 km/h (155 mph)</li><li>If delay:</li><li>280 km/h (175 mph)</li></ul></div></td> <td>327 km (203 mi)</td> <td>1973</td> <td>1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mannheim%E2%80%93Stuttgart_high-speed_railway" title="Mannheim–Stuttgart high-speed railway">Mannheim–Stuttgart high-speed railway</a></td> <td>99 km (62 mi)</td> <td>1976</td> <td>1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hanover%E2%80%93Berlin_high-speed_railway" title="Hanover–Berlin high-speed railway">Hanover–Berlin high-speed railway</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Majority:</li><li>250 km/h (155 mph)</li><li>Parts of the line:</li><li>300 km/h (190 mph) or 200 km/h (125 mph)</li></ul></div></td> <td>258 km (160 mi)</td> <td>1992</td> <td>1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cologne%E2%80%93Frankfurt_high-speed_rail_line" title="Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line">Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li>Majority:</li><li>300 km/h (190 mph)</li><li>Parts of the line:</li><li>200 km/h (125 mph)</li></ul></div></td> <td>180 km (112 mi)</td> <td>1995</td> <td>2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cologne%E2%80%93Aachen_high-speed_railway" title="Cologne–Aachen high-speed railway">Cologne–Aachen high-speed railway</a></td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>70 km (43 mi)</td> <td>1997</td> <td>2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg%E2%80%93Munich_high-speed_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg–Munich high-speed railway">Nuremberg–Munich high-speed railway</a></td> <td rowspan="2">300 km/h (190 mph)</td> <td>171 km (106 mi)</td> <td>1998</td> <td>2006–2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg%E2%80%93Erfurt_high-speed_railway" title="Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway">Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway</a></td> <td>191 km (119 mi)</td> <td>1996</td> <td>2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Erfurt%E2%80%93Leipzig/Halle_high-speed_railway" title="Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway">Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li>Majority:</li><li>300 km/h (190 mph)</li><li>Parts of the line:</li><li>200 km/h (125 mph)</li></ul></div></td> <td>121 km (75 mi)</td> <td>1987</td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe%E2%80%93Basel_high-speed_railway" title="Karlsruhe–Basel high-speed railway">Karlsruhe–Basel high-speed railway</a></td> <td rowspan="3">250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>182 km (113 mi)</td> <td>1987</td> <td>1993–2031 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart%E2%80%93Wendlingen_high-speed_railway" title="Stuttgart–Wendlingen high-speed railway">Stuttgart–Wendlingen high-speed railway</a></td> <td>25 km (16 mi)</td> <td>2012</td> <td>2025 (expected) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wendlingen%E2%80%93Ulm_high-speed_railway" title="Wendlingen–Ulm high-speed railway">Wendlingen–Ulm high-speed railway</a></td> <td>60 km (37 mi)</td> <td>2012</td> <td>2022 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: United Kingdom">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="High-speed rail in the United Kingdom">High-speed rail in the United Kingdom</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_developments_2">Early developments</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Early developments">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:43104_in_Hull_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/43104_in_Hull_station.jpg/220px-43104_in_Hull_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/43104_in_Hull_station.jpg/330px-43104_in_Hull_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/43104_in_Hull_station.jpg/440px-43104_in_Hull_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/InterCity_125" title="InterCity 125">InterCity 125</a> train at <a href="/wiki/Hull_Paragon_Interchange" title="Hull Paragon Interchange">Hull Paragon</a> in 1982. The InterCity 125 is the world's fastest diesel train.</figcaption></figure> Britain has a history of high-speed rail, starting with early high-speed steam systems: examples of engines are <a href="/wiki/GWR_3700_Class_3440_City_of_Truro" title="GWR 3700 Class 3440 City of Truro">GWR 3700 Class 3440 City of Truro</a> and the steam-record holder <a href="/wiki/LNER_Class_A4_4468_Mallard" title="LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard">LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard</a>. Later, high-speed diesel and electric services were introduced, using upgraded main lines, mainly the <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Main_Line" title="Great Western Main Line">Great Western Main Line</a> (GWML) and <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Main_Line" title="East Coast Main Line">East Coast Main Line</a>. The <a href="/wiki/InterCity_125" title="InterCity 125">InterCity 125</a>, otherwise known as the High-Speed Train (HST), was launched in 1976 with a service speed of 125 mph (201 km/h) and provided the first high-speed rail services in Britain.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The HST was <a href="/wiki/Diesel_locomotive" title="Diesel locomotive">diesel-powered</a>, and the GWML was the first to be modified for the new service.<a href="#cite_note-EarlyHighspeedBR-50">[50]</a> Because the GWML had been built mostly straight, often with four tracks and with a distance of 1 mi (1.6 km) between <a href="/wiki/Distant_signal" class="mw-redirect" title="Distant signal">distant signal</a> and main signal, it allowed trains to run at 125 mph (201 km/h) with relatively moderate infrastructure investments, compared to other countries in Europe. The Intercity 125 had proven the economic case for high-speed rail,<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> and British Rail was keen to explore further advances. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:395_St_Pancras_International_to_St_Pancras_International_1L36_at_Hothfield.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/395_St_Pancras_International_to_St_Pancras_International_1L36_at_Hothfield.jpg/220px-395_St_Pancras_International_to_St_Pancras_International_1L36_at_Hothfield.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/395_St_Pancras_International_to_St_Pancras_International_1L36_at_Hothfield.jpg/330px-395_St_Pancras_International_to_St_Pancras_International_1L36_at_Hothfield.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/395_St_Pancras_International_to_St_Pancras_International_1L36_at_Hothfield.jpg/440px-395_St_Pancras_International_to_St_Pancras_International_1L36_at_Hothfield.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4609" data-file-height="2923" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_395" title="British Rail Class 395">British Rail Class 395</a> high-speed train in <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></figcaption></figure> In the 1963, the <a href="/wiki/British_Rail" title="British Rail">British Rail</a> board voted to establish the <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Research_Division" title="British Rail Research Division">British Rail Research Division</a>, to explore new technologies for high-speed freight and passenger rail services on existing rail infrastructure, leading to the initiation of the <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Passenger_Train" title="Advanced Passenger Train">Advanced Passenger Train</a> (APT) programme, with a planned top speed of 155 mph (249 km/h). An experimental version, the <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_APT-E" title="British Rail APT-E">APT-E</a>, was tested between 1972 and 1976. It was equipped with a <a href="/wiki/Tilting_train" title="Tilting train">tilting mechanism</a> which allowed the train to tilt into bends to reduce cornering forces on passengers, and was powered by <a href="/wiki/Gas_turbine-electric_locomotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas turbine-electric locomotive">gas turbines</a> (the first to be used on British Rail since the Great Western Railway). The line had used Swiss-built <a href="/wiki/Brown,_Boveri_%26_Cie" title="Brown, Boveri & Cie">Brown-Boveri</a> and British-built <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan-Vickers" title="Metropolitan-Vickers">Metropolitan-Vickers</a> locomotives (<a href="/wiki/British_Rail_18000" title="British Rail 18000">18000</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_18100" title="British Rail 18100">18100</a>) in the early 1950s. The 1970s oil crisis prompted a rethink in the choice of motive power (as with the prototype TGV in France), and British Rail later opted for traditional electric <a href="/wiki/Overhead_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Overhead lines">overhead lines</a> when the pre-production and production APTs were brought into service in 1980–86.<a href="#cite_note-duffy-52">[52]</a> Initial experience with the Advanced Passenger Trains was pretty good. They had a high power-to-weight ratio to enable rapid acceleration; and the C-APT in cab signalling system, to permit operations in excess of 125 mph (201 km/h), the prototype set record speeds on the Great Western Main Line and the <a href="/wiki/Midland_Main_Line" title="Midland Main Line">Midland Main Line</a>, and the production versions vastly reduced journey times on the WCML. The APT was, however, beset with technical problems; financial constraints and negative media coverage eventually caused the project to be cancelled.<a href="#cite_note-apt-newscientist-53">[53]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:E320_Eurostar_nearest_the_camera,_older_Alsthom_stock_behind_at_St_Pancras.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/E320_Eurostar_nearest_the_camera%2C_older_Alsthom_stock_behind_at_St_Pancras.jpg/220px-E320_Eurostar_nearest_the_camera%2C_older_Alsthom_stock_behind_at_St_Pancras.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/E320_Eurostar_nearest_the_camera%2C_older_Alsthom_stock_behind_at_St_Pancras.jpg/330px-E320_Eurostar_nearest_the_camera%2C_older_Alsthom_stock_behind_at_St_Pancras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/E320_Eurostar_nearest_the_camera%2C_older_Alsthom_stock_behind_at_St_Pancras.jpg/440px-E320_Eurostar_nearest_the_camera%2C_older_Alsthom_stock_behind_at_St_Pancras.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5300" data-file-height="2626" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eurostar" title="Eurostar">Eurostar</a> high speed trains at <a href="/wiki/St_Pancras_railway_station" title="St Pancras railway station">St Pancras Station</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Current_network_and_projects_2">Current network and projects</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Current network and projects">edit</a>]</div> Trains currently travel at 125 mph (201 km/h) on five lines (across at least one section): the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Main_Line" title="East Coast Main Line">East Coast Main Line</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Main_Line" title="Great Western Main Line">Great Western Main Line</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midland_Main_Line" title="Midland Main Line">Midland Main Line</a>, parts of the <a href="/wiki/Cross_Country_Route" title="Cross Country Route">Cross Country Route</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Main_Line" title="West Coast Main Line">West Coast Main Line</a>. New dedicated high-speed lines have an operating speed of more than 250 km/h (155 mph): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_1" title="High Speed 1">High Speed 1</a> (HS1) connects <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Tunnel" title="Channel Tunnel">Channel Tunnel</a>, with international <a href="/wiki/Eurostar" title="Eurostar">Eurostar</a> services running from <a href="/wiki/St_Pancras_railway_station" title="St Pancras railway station">London St Pancras International</a> to cities in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, and the Netherlands at 186 mph (299 km/h).<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> That line is also used by high-speed commuter services from <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> to the capital, operating at top speeds of 140 mph (225 km/h). It opened on 14 November 2007, on time and under budget.</li> <li>A second line, <a href="/wiki/High_Speed_2" title="High Speed 2">High Speed 2</a> (HS2), has been under construction since 2019<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> between London and <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> with later extensions to <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a> cancelled in 2023 and 2021 respectively due to spiralling costs. It will link <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> with <a href="/wiki/The_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Midlands">the Midlands</a> at 224 mph (360 km/h) and reduce journey times to major cities in the North and <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. <a href="/wiki/High_Speed_2" title="High Speed 2">HS2</a> is a more sustainable high-speed line critical for the UK's low carbon transport future, building several new railway stations and bridges.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Government-backed plans to provide east–west high-speed services between cities in the North of England announced in 2014 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Powerhouse_Rail" title="Northern Powerhouse Rail">Northern Powerhouse Rail</a> project are in development, and were expanded by <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> Rishi Sunak in 2023 as part of Network North.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li></ul> Like other European countries, the strongest reasons for new high-speed lines are to relieve congestion on the existing network and create extra capacity. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Line</th> <th>Operating speed (max)</th> <th>Length</th> <th>Construction began</th> <th>Construction completed or expected start of revenue services </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_1" title="High Speed 1">High Speed 1</a></td> <td>300 km/h (190 mph)</td> <td>108 km (67 mi)</td> <td>1998</td> <td>2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_2" title="High Speed 2">High Speed 2</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li>Service:</li><li>330 km/h (205 mph)<a href="#cite_note-FBC-58">[58]</a></li><li>Maximum:</li><li>360 km/h (225 mph)</li></ul></div></td> <td>230 km (140 mi)</td> <td>2017</td> <td>2029 to 2033<a href="#cite_note-FBC-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Main_Line" title="East Coast Main Line">East Coast Main Line</a></td> <td>200 km/h (125 mph)</td> <td>632.7 km (393.1 mi)</td> <td>1840s</td> <td>1850 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Main_Line" title="Great Western Main Line">Great Western Main Line</a></td> <td>200 km/h (125 mph)</td> <td>190 km (120 mi)</td> <td>1830s</td> <td>1841 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Midland_Main_Line" title="Midland Main Line">Midland Main Line</a></td> <td>200 km/h (125 mph)</td> <td>500 km (310 mi)</td> <td>1830s</td> <td>1839 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cross_Country_Route" title="Cross Country Route">Cross Country Route</a> <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_and_Derby_Junction_Railway" title="Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway">(Birmingham - Derby)</a></td> <td>200 km/h (125 mph)</td> <td>56 km (35 mi)</td> <td>1836</td> <td>1839 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Main_Line" title="West Coast Main Line">West Coast Main Line</a></td> <td>200 km/h (125 mph)</td> <td>642 km (399 mi)</td> <td>1830s</td> <td>1837 </td></tr></tbody></table>In order to carry passengers to destinations beyond the core routes to Paris and Brussels, new <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_374" title="British Rail Class 374">Class 374</a> trains, also referred to as the Eurostar e320, were introduced in November 2015. A Class 374 train has 900 seats, roughly equivalent to six Airbus A320s or Boeing 737s (the aircraft typically used by <a href="/wiki/Low-cost_airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-cost airlines">low-cost airlines</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Spain">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HighSpeedSpain.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/HighSpeedSpain.svg/220px-HighSpeedSpain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/HighSpeedSpain.svg/330px-HighSpeedSpain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/HighSpeedSpain.svg/440px-HighSpeedSpain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>The Spanish High-speed rail network, the longest in Europe</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Spain" title="High-speed rail in Spain">High-speed rail in Spain</a></div> Spain operates the largest high-speed rail network in Europe with 3,966 km (2,464 mi)<a href="#cite_note-ADIF-1">[1]</a> and the second-largest in the world, <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_China" title="High-speed rail in China">trailing only China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CNN_es_cn-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_developments_3">Early developments</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Early developments">edit</a>]</div> In 1978, the Spanish manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Talgo" title="Talgo">Talgo</a> registered the world speed record for diesel-powered trains at 230 km/h (143 mph) with a Talgo 4. The same company had reached successive records at 135 km/h (84 mph) in 1942 with a Talgo 1, 200 km/h (124 mph) in 1964 with a Talgo 3, and then reached 500 km/h (311 mph) on a static test bench in 1990 with a Talgo 350 tilting train. Following these technical benchmarks, maximum commercial speeds in the Spanish networks were set at 120 km/h (75 mph) in 1950, 160 km/h (99 mph) in 1986, and 200 km/h (124 mph) in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_AVE_service">The AVE service</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The AVE service">edit</a>]</div> The Alta Velocidad Española (<a href="/wiki/AVE" title="AVE">AVE</a>) high-speed rail service in Spain has been operating since 1992, when the <a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Seville_high-speed_rail_line" title="Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line">Madrid–Seville route</a> started running, at speeds up to 300 km/h (186 mph), and up to 310 km/h (193 mph) between 2011 and 2016 on a 60 km (37 mi) section of the <a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Barcelona_high-speed_rail_line" title="Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line">Madrid–Zaragoza</a> railway.<a href="#cite_note-geotren-max-speeds-61">[61]</a> More than ten other lines have been opened since 2005, including the 621-kilometre (386 mi) long <a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Barcelona_high-speed_rail_line" title="Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line">Madrid–Barcelona line</a> in 2008. By December 2021, the total length of the <a href="/wiki/Administrador_de_Infraestructuras_Ferroviarias" title="Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias">ADIF</a>-maintained network was 3,762 km (2,338 mi),<a href="#cite_note-ADIF-1">[1]</a> making it the longest in Europe, and the second longest in the world after mainland China's. The ambitious AVE construction programme aims to connect with high-speed trains almost all provincial capitals to Madrid in less than 3 hours and to <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> within 6 hours. With an initial deadline set for 2020, the programme was slowed down by the <a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932014_Spanish_financial_crisis" title="2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis">financial crisis</a>: the two main lines still under construction, the Mediterranean Corridor and the <a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Extremadura_high-speed_rail_line" title="Madrid–Extremadura high-speed rail line">Madrid–Extremadura line</a> (which would be part of the Madrid-Lisbon link), are yet to be completed.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> The Spanish and Portuguese high-speed lines are being built to European standard track gauge (<a href="/wiki/UIC_classification_of_locomotive_axle_arrangements" title="UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements">UIC</a>) of 1,435 mm (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) and electrified with 25 kV at 50 Hz from <a href="/wiki/Overhead_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Overhead lines">overhead wire</a>. The first HSL from Madrid to Seville is equipped with the <a href="/wiki/LZB" class="mw-redirect" title="LZB">LZB</a> train control system, and later lines with <a href="/wiki/ETCS" class="mw-redirect" title="ETCS">ETCS</a>. Elsewhere in Europe, the success of high-speed services has been due in part to interoperability with existing normal rail lines. Interoperability between the new AVE lines and the older <a href="/wiki/Iberian_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian gauge">Iberian gauge</a> network presents additional challenges. Both <a href="/wiki/Talgo" title="Talgo">Talgo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Construcciones_y_Auxiliar_de_Ferrocarriles" title="Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles">CAF</a> supply trains with <a href="/wiki/Variable_gauge" title="Variable gauge">variable gauge</a> wheels operated by automatic gauge-changer equipment which the trains pass through without stopping (<a href="/wiki/Alvia" title="Alvia">Alvias</a>). Some lines are being constructed as <a href="/wiki/Dual_gauge" title="Dual gauge">dual gauge</a> to allow trains with Iberian and UIC gauge to run on the same tracks. Other lines have been re-equipped with sleepers for both Iberian and UIC gauge, such that the track can be converted from Iberian to UIC gauge at a later time without changing the sleepers. The first AVE trains to link up with the French standard gauge network began running in December 2013, when direct high-speed rail services between Spain and France were launched for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> This connection between the two countries was made possible by the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Perpignan%E2%80%93Barcelona_high-speed_rail_line" title="Perpignan–Barcelona high-speed rail line">Perpignan–Barcelona high-speed rail line</a> (a follow-up of the Madrid-Barcelona line), completed in January 2013,<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> and its international section Perpignan-Figueres, which opened in December 2010 and includes a new 8.3-kilometre (5.2 mi) tunnel under the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a>. Another high-speed rail link connecting the two countries at <a href="/wiki/Irun" title="Irun">Irun</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hendaye" title="Hendaye">Hendaye</a> is also planned. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Current_network_and_projects_3">Current network and projects</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Current network and projects">edit</a>]</div> The total length of lines is 3,966 km (2,464 mi) as of 2023,<a href="#cite_note-ADIF-1">[1]</a> with long-term plans to expand it up to 7,000 km (4,350 mi). Several new high-speed lines are under construction with a design speed of 300–350 km/h (190–220 mph), and several old lines are being upgraded to allow passenger trains to operate at 250 km/h (155 mph).<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Line</th> <th>Operating speed (max)</th> <th>Length</th> <th>Construction began</th> <th>Construction completed or expected start of revenue services </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Seville_high-speed_rail_line" title="Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line">Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line</a></td> <td>300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>472 km (293 mi)</td> <td>1989</td> <td>1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Toledo_high-speed_rail_line" title="Madrid–Toledo high-speed rail line">L.A.V. Madrid-Toledo</a> </td> <td>220 km/h (137 mph) </td> <td>74 km (46 mi) </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td>L.A.V. <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Andalusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Córdoba, Andalusia">Córdoba</a>–<a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a></td> <td>300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>155 km (96 mi)</td> <td>2001</td> <td>2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Asturias_high-speed_rail_line" title="Madrid–Asturias high-speed rail line">L.A.V. Madrid–Valladolid</a></td> <td rowspan="5">300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>179.6 km (111.6 mi)</td> <td>2001</td> <td>2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Barcelona_high-speed_rail_line" title="Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line">Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line</a></td> <td>621 km (386 mi)</td> <td>1995</td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Levante_high-speed_rail_network" title="Madrid–Levante high-speed rail network">L.A.V. Madrid–Valencia</a></td> <td>391 km (243 mi)</td> <td>2004</td> <td>2010<a href="#cite_note-levante-68">[68]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Levante_high-speed_rail_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid–Levante high-speed rail line">L.A.V. Albacete–Alicante</a></td> <td>171.5 km (106.6 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2013<a href="#cite_note-levante-68">[68]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Perpignan%E2%80%93Barcelona_high-speed_rail_line" title="Perpignan–Barcelona high-speed rail line">L.A.V. Barcelona – France–Spain border</a></td> <td>150.8 km (93.7 mi)</td> <td>2004</td> <td>2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Axis_high-speed_rail_line" title="Atlantic Axis high-speed rail line">Atlantic Axis high-speed rail line</a></td> <td>200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>155.6 km (96.7 mi)<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></td> <td>2001</td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Asturias_high-speed_rail_line" title="Madrid–Asturias high-speed rail line">L.A.V. Valladolid–León</a></td> <td>300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>162.7 km (101.1 mi)</td> <td>2009</td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Levante_high-speed_rail_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid–Levante high-speed rail line">L.A.V. Valencia–Castellón</a></td> <td>200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>74 km (46 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2018<a href="#cite_note-levante-68">[68]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>L.A.V. <a href="/wiki/Palencia" title="Palencia">Palencia</a>–<a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a></td> <td>300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>134.8 km (83.8 mi)</td> <td>2009</td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td>L.A.V. <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>–<a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a></td> <td>200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>157 km (98 mi)</td> <td>2001</td> <td>2015<a href="#cite_note-Cadiz-70">[70]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Antequera%E2%80%93Granada_high-speed_rail_line" title="Antequera–Granada high-speed rail line">L.A.V. Antequera–Granada</a></td> <td>300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>125.7 km (78.1 mi)</td> <td>2006</td> <td>2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Asturias_high-speed_rail_line" title="Madrid–Asturias high-speed rail line">L.A.V. León–Pola de Lena</a></td> <td rowspan="2">300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>70.2 km (43.6 mi)</td> <td>2009</td> <td data-sort-value="2020-07-01">2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Galicia_high-speed_rail_line" title="Madrid–Galicia high-speed rail line">L.A.V. Olmedo–Zamora-Galicia</a></td> <td>435 km (270 mi)</td> <td>2004</td> <td>2021<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-railwaygazette3-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Murcia%E2%80%93Almer%C3%ADa_high-speed_rail_line" title="Murcia–Almería high-speed rail line">L.A.V. Murcia–Almería</a></td> <td>300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>184.3 km (114.5 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2026 </td></tr> <tr> <td>L.A.V. <a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a>–<a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></td> <td>300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>98.8 km (61.4 mi)</td> <td>2009</td> <td>2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Basque_Y" title="Basque Y">Basque Y</a></td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>175 km (109 mi)</td> <td>2006</td> <td>2028 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_High_Speed_Corridor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mediterranean High Speed Corridor (page does not exist)">Mediterranean High Speed Corridor</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>–<a href="/wiki/Region_of_Murcia" title="Region of Murcia">Murcia</a>–<a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencia</a>–<a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>–<a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Spain_border" title="France–Spain border">French border</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais1-74">[74]</a></td> <td>250–300 km/h (155–186 mph)</td> <td>+1,300 km (808 mi)</td> <td>2004</td> <td>2013–2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Extremadura_high-speed_rail_line" title="Madrid–Extremadura high-speed rail line">Madrid–(Cáceres–Mérida–Badajoz)–Portuguese border</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-75">[75]</a></td> <td>300 km/h (190 mph)</td> <td>437 km (272 mi)</td> <td>2008</td> <td data-sort-value="2020-07-01">after 2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td>L.A.V. <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>–<a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain" title="Jaén, Spain">Jaén</a></td> <td>250–300 km/h (155–186 mph)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2015</td> <td data-sort-value="2040-01-01">Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>L.A.V. <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>–<a href="/wiki/Santander,_Cantabria" class="mw-redirect" title="Santander, Cantabria">Santander</a><a href="#cite_note-railwaygazette4-76">[76]</a></td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Atocha" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid Atocha">Madrid Atocha</a>–<a href="/wiki/Madrid_Chamart%C3%ADn" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid Chamartín">Madrid Chamartín</a></td> <td>160 km/h (99 mph)</td> <td>7 km (4.3 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2022<a href="#cite_note-LeonsTagebuch-77">[77]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avlo_en_Miraflores_(51070652803).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Avlo_en_Miraflores_%2851070652803%29.jpg/220px-Avlo_en_Miraflores_%2851070652803%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Avlo_en_Miraflores_%2851070652803%29.jpg/330px-Avlo_en_Miraflores_%2851070652803%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Avlo_en_Miraflores_%2851070652803%29.jpg/440px-Avlo_en_Miraflores_%2851070652803%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4756" data-file-height="2975" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Renfe_Class_102" title="Renfe Class 102">Renfe Class 102</a> refurbished for <a href="/wiki/Avlo" title="Avlo">Avlo</a> services</figcaption></figure> Three companies have built or will build trains for the Spanish high-speed railway network: Spanish <a href="/wiki/Talgo" title="Talgo">Talgo</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">Alstom</a> and German <a href="/wiki/Siemens_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Siemens AG">Siemens AG</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Transportation" title="Bombardier Transportation">Bombardier Transportation</a> is a partner in both the Talgo-led and the Siemens-led consortium. France will eventually build 25 kV TGV lines all the way to the Spanish border (there is now a gap between Nîmes and Perpignan), but multi-voltage trains will still be needed, as trains travelling to Paris need to travel the last few kilometres on 1.5 kV lines. To this end, <a href="/wiki/RENFE" class="mw-redirect" title="RENFE">RENFE</a> decided to convert 10 existing AVE S100 trains to operate at this voltage (as well as the French signalling systems), which will cost €30,000,000 instead of the previously expected €270,000,000 for new trains.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> The network eventually opened to operators other than RENFE, and the <a href="/wiki/SNCF" title="SNCF">SNCF</a>-owned low-cost brand <a href="/wiki/Ouigo_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Ouigo España">Ouigo España</a> began to serve the Madrid–Barcelona route on 10 May 2021.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> To complement their higher-end AVE trains, RENFE launched a no-frills service called <a href="/wiki/Avlo" title="Avlo">Avlo</a> on 23 June 2021.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Iryo, operated by the ILSA joint venture between <a href="/wiki/Air_Nostrum" title="Air Nostrum">Air Nostrum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a>, began operation in late 2022, making Spain the first country in Europe with three competing operators of high-speed trains.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Integration_of_European_high-speed_rail_network">Integration of European high-speed rail network</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Integration of European high-speed rail network">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Trans-European_high-speed_rail_network" title="Trans-European high-speed rail network">Trans-European high-speed rail network</a> is one of a number of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Trans-European_transport_networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-European transport networks">Trans-European transport networks</a>. It was defined by the Council Directive 96/48/EC of 23 July 1996. The aim of this <a href="/wiki/EU_Directive" class="mw-redirect" title="EU Directive">EU Directive</a> is to achieve the <a href="/wiki/Interoperability" title="Interoperability">interoperability</a> of the European <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed train</a> network at the various stages of its design, construction and operation. The network is defined as a system consisting of a set of infrastructures, fixed installations, logistic equipment and rolling stock. On 5 June 2010, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Transport" title="European Commissioner for Transport">European Commissioner for Transport</a> signed a <a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_Understanding" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorandum of Understanding">Memorandum of Understanding</a> with France and Spain concerning a new high-speed rail line across the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> to become the first link between the high-speed lines of the two countries. Furthermore, high-speed lines between Helsinki and Berlin (<a href="/wiki/Rail_Baltica" title="Rail Baltica">Rail Baltica</a>), and between Lyon and Budapest, were promoted.<a href="#cite_note-ingrail-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cross-border_infrastructure_and_passenger_services">Cross-border infrastructure and passenger services</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cross-border infrastructure and passenger services">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Belgium">Belgium</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Belgium">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Belgium" title="High-speed rail in Belgium">High-speed rail in Belgium</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%A9seau_grande_vitesse_Belgique.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/R%C3%A9seau_grande_vitesse_Belgique.svg/220px-R%C3%A9seau_grande_vitesse_Belgique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/R%C3%A9seau_grande_vitesse_Belgique.svg/330px-R%C3%A9seau_grande_vitesse_Belgique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/R%C3%A9seau_grande_vitesse_Belgique.svg/440px-R%C3%A9seau_grande_vitesse_Belgique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>High-speed rail network in Belgium</figcaption></figure> Belgium's rail network is served by three high-speed train operators: <a href="/wiki/Eurostar" title="Eurostar">Eurostar</a>, <a href="/wiki/InterCityExpress" class="mw-redirect" title="InterCityExpress">ICE</a> and <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a> trains. All of them serve <a href="/wiki/Bruxelles-Midi_/_Brussel-Zuid_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruxelles-Midi / Brussel-Zuid railway station">Brussels South station</a>, Belgium's largest railway station. Thalys trains, which are a variant of the French TGV, operate between Belgium, Germany (<a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a>), the Netherlands (<a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>) and France (Paris). Since 2007, Eurostar has connected Brussels to <a href="/wiki/St_Pancras_railway_station" title="St Pancras railway station">London St Pancras</a>, before which, trains connected to <a href="/wiki/Waterloo_International_railway_station" title="Waterloo International railway station">London Waterloo</a>. The German <a href="/wiki/InterCityExpress" class="mw-redirect" title="InterCityExpress">ICE</a> operates between Brussels, <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Main)_Hauptbahnhof" title="Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof">Frankfurt</a>. The <a href="/wiki/HSL_1" title="HSL 1">HSL 1</a> is a Belgian high-speed railway line which connects Brussels with the French border. 88 km (55 mi) long (71 km (44 mi) dedicated high-speed tracks, 17 km (11 mi) modernised lines), it began service on 14 December 1997. The line has appreciably shortened rail journeys, the journey from Paris to Brussels now taking 1:22. In combination with the <a href="/wiki/LGV_Nord" title="LGV Nord">LGV Nord</a>, it has also affected international journeys to France and London, ensuring high-speed through-running by Eurostar, TGV, <a href="/wiki/Thalys_PBA" class="mw-redirect" title="Thalys PBA">Thalys PBA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thalys_PBKA" class="mw-redirect" title="Thalys PBKA">Thalys PBKA</a> trainsets. The total construction cost was €1.42 billion. The <a href="/wiki/HSL_2" title="HSL 2">HSL 2</a> is a Belgian high-speed rail line between Brussels and <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>, 95 km (59 mi) long (61 km (38 mi) dedicated high-speed tracks between <a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Leuven</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ans,_Belgium" title="Ans, Belgium">Ans</a>, 34 km (21 mi) modernised lines between Brussels and Leuven and between Ans and Liège) it began service on 15 December 2002. Its extension to the German border (the <a href="/wiki/HSL_3" title="HSL 3">HSL 3</a>) is now in use, the combined high-speed line greatly accelerates journeys between Brussels, Paris and Germany. HSL 2 is used by Thalys and <a href="/wiki/InterCityExpress" class="mw-redirect" title="InterCityExpress">ICE</a> trains as well as fast internal <a href="/wiki/InterCity" title="InterCity">InterCity</a> services. The <a href="/wiki/HSL_3" title="HSL 3">HSL 3</a> is a Belgian high-speed railway line which connects Liège to the German border. 56 km (35 mi) long (42 km (26 mi) dedicated high-speed tracks, 14 km (8.7 mi) modernised lines), it began service on 13 December 2009. HSL 3 is used by international Thalys and ICE trains only, as opposed to HSL 2 which is also used for fast internal InterCity services. The <a href="/wiki/HSL_4" title="HSL 4">HSL 4</a> is a Belgian high-speed railway line which connects Brussels to the Dutch border. 87 km (54 mi) long (40 km (25 mi) dedicated high-speed tracks, 47 km (29 mi) modernised lines). HSL 4 is used by Thalys trains since 13 December 2009 and it will be used starting 2010 by fast internal InterCity trains. Between Brussels and Antwerp (47 km (29 mi)), trains travel at 160 km/h (99 mph) on the upgraded existing line (with the exception of a few segments where a speed limit of 120 km/h (75 mph) is imposed). At the E19/A12 motorway junction, trains leave the regular line to run on new dedicated high-speed tracks to the Dutch border (40 km (25 mi)) at 300 km/h (186 mph). The completion of the Channel Tunnel rail link (High Speed 1) and the completion of the lines from Brussels to Amsterdam and Cologne led to news reports in November 2007 that both Eurostar and <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">Deutsche Bahn</a> were pursuing direct services from London to Amsterdam and Cologne. Both journeys would be under 4 hours, the length generally considered competitive with air travel. The <a href="/wiki/Belgian_railway_line_25" title="Belgian railway line 25">25N line</a> (<a href="/wiki/Schaerbeek" title="Schaerbeek">Schaerbeek</a>–<a href="/wiki/Mechelen" title="Mechelen">Mechelen</a>) opened in 2012–2018 is designed for speeds up to 220 km/h (137 mph), but is limited to 160 km/h (99 mph) until another existing line Mechelen-Antwerp will be upgraded. It's unknown when it will happen. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Netherlands">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_the_Netherlands" title="High-speed rail in the Netherlands">High-speed rail in the Netherlands</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hslbenelux.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Hslbenelux.png/170px-Hslbenelux.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Hslbenelux.png/255px-Hslbenelux.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Hslbenelux.png/340px-Hslbenelux.png 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="882" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HSL-Zuid" title="HSL-Zuid">HSL-Zuid</a>, connected to <a href="/wiki/Antwerpen-Centraal_railway_station" title="Antwerpen-Centraal railway station">Antwerp</a> with the <a href="/wiki/HSL_4" title="HSL 4">HSL 4</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/HSL-Zuid" title="HSL-Zuid">HSL-Zuid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: Hogesnelheidslijn Zuid, English: High-Speed Line South) is a 125 km (78 mi) high-speed line in the Netherlands. Using existing tracks from <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Centraal" class="mw-redirect" title="Amsterdam Centraal">Amsterdam Centraal</a> to <a href="/wiki/Schiphol_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Schiphol railway station">Schiphol Airport</a>, the dedicated high-speed line begins here and continues to <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam_Centraal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotterdam Centraal">Rotterdam Centraal</a> and to the Belgian border. Here, it connects to the <a href="/wiki/HSL_4" title="HSL 4">HSL 4</a>, terminating at <a href="/wiki/Antwerpen-Centraal" class="mw-redirect" title="Antwerpen-Centraal">Antwerpen-Centraal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/Den_Haag_Centraal" class="mw-redirect" title="Den Haag Centraal">Den Haag Centraal</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Breda_railway_station" title="Breda railway station">Breda</a> are connected to the high-speed line by conventional railway lines.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Services on the HSL-Zuid began on 7 September 2009.<a href="#cite_note-rgi20090907-86">[86]</a> It is being served by <a href="/wiki/Thalys" title="Thalys">Thalys</a> trains from Amsterdam to <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> and Paris, <a href="/wiki/Eurostar" title="Eurostar">Eurostar</a> trains to Brussels and London and domestic <a href="/wiki/Intercity_Direct" title="Intercity Direct">Intercity Direct</a> train services.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/HSL-Oost" title="HSL-Oost">HSL-Oost</a> was planned, but was put on hiatus. It would connect Amsterdam Centraal via <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_Centraal_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Utrecht Centraal railway station">Utrecht Centraal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arnhem_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnhem railway station">Arnhem</a> to Germany.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The existing line from Amsterdam to Utrecht is four-tracked. Two tracks out of four are capable of 200 km/h (124 mph), but the available voltage is not high enough. The line is planned to be re-electrified to 25 kV <a href="/wiki/Alternating_current" title="Alternating current">AC</a>. In the north, a new line called <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lelylijn" class="extiw" title="nl:Lelylijn">Lelylijn</a> is under study between Lelystad and Groningen, with operating speed up to 200 km/h (124 mph).<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> This line would, along with other measures on the Amsterdam - Copenhagen corridor, allow to reduce the traveling time between these two cities down to 4h 30mn.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Paris_to_Frankfurt">Paris to Frankfurt</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Paris to Frankfurt">edit</a>]</div> Admission of ICE trains onto French LGVs was applied for in 2001, and trial runs were completed in 2005. In June 2007, the <a href="/wiki/LGV_Est" title="LGV Est">LGV Est</a> from Paris to the middle of the <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine (region)">Lorraine region</a> of France was opened. For the first time, high-speed services over the Franco-German border were offered. <a href="/wiki/SNCF" title="SNCF">SNCF</a> operates the TGV service between Paris and <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> via <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> and a daily return journey from Paris to <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a> via <a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a>, while ICE trains operate the remaining Paris to Frankfurt. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Frankfurt_to_Marseille">Frankfurt to Marseille</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Frankfurt to Marseille">edit</a>]</div> After the inauguration of the <a href="/wiki/LGV_Rhin-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="LGV Rhin-Rhône">LGV Rhin-Rhône</a> in 2011 a daily high-speed TGV service has been introduced between <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Main)_Hauptbahnhof" title="Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof">Frankfurt Hbf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marseille-Saint-Charles_station" title="Marseille-Saint-Charles station">Marseille St. Charles</a> via Strasbourg, Mulhouse, Lyon and Valence with a total travel time under 8h. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Channel_Tunnel">Channel Tunnel</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Channel Tunnel">edit</a>]</div> The construction of the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Tunnel" title="Channel Tunnel">Channel Tunnel</a>, completed in 1994, provided the impetus for the first cross-border high-speed rail line. In 1993, the LGV Nord, which connects Paris to the Belgian border and the Channel Tunnel via Lille, was opened. Initial travel times through the tunnel from London to Paris and Brussels were about 3 hours. In 1997, a dedicated high-speed line to Brussels, <a href="/wiki/HSL_1" title="HSL 1">HSL 1</a>, was opened. In 2007, <a href="/wiki/High_Speed_1" title="High Speed 1">High Speed 1</a>, the Channel Tunnel Rail Link to London, was completed after a partial opening in 2003. All three lines were built to the French LGV standards, including electrification at 25 kV. The <a href="/wiki/Channel_tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel tunnel">Channel tunnel</a> itself is geometrically achievable to provide 200 km/h (124 mph) speed, but it is limited to 160 km/h (99 mph). In the 1990s it was claimed that such speed restriction is temporary.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="London_to_Paris_and_Brussels">London to Paris and Brussels</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: London to Paris and Brussels">edit</a>]</div> Passenger trains built to specific safety standards are operated by <a href="/wiki/Eurostar" title="Eurostar">Eurostar</a> through the Channel Tunnel. Direct trains now travel from London St Pancras to Paris in 2h15, and to Brussels in 1h51. On 1 May 2015 Eurostar introduced a weekly service from London to Lyon, Avignon and Marseille. <a href="/wiki/Thalys" title="Thalys">Thalys</a> high-speed international trains serve the Paris to Brussels corridor, which is now covered in 1h20. Additional Thalys services extend to Amsterdam and Cologne in addition to Belgian cities. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="London_to_Amsterdam_and_Germany">London to Amsterdam and Germany</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: London to Amsterdam and Germany">edit</a>]</div> Both Deutsche Bahn (DB) and Eurostar have announced plans for direct services from London to new continental destinations in the Netherlands and Germany. DB have not set a date for any new service to begin, although the company did at one point hope to introduce a five-hour service to Frankfurt by 2017. A four times daily direct Eurostar service between London St Pancras and Amsterdam started running on 4 April 2018. The German manufacturer Siemens has designed trainsets to meet the strict safety standards of Channel Tunnel operation. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spanish-French_border">Spanish-French border</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Spanish-French border">edit</a>]</div> A 131-kilometre (81.4 mi) section of the <a href="/wiki/Perpignan%E2%80%93Barcelona_high-speed_rail_line" title="Perpignan–Barcelona high-speed rail line">Perpignan–Barcelona high-speed rail line</a> across the Spanish-French border opened in January 2013.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The line includes the new 8.3-kilometre (5.2 mi) <a href="/wiki/Perthus_Tunnel" title="Perthus Tunnel">Perthus Tunnel</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> and permits high-speed rail services between Spain and France.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Since 15 December 2013 the French <a href="/wiki/SNCF" title="SNCF">SNCF</a> operates a <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a> service between Paris and <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> and the Spanish <a href="/wiki/AVE" title="AVE">AVE</a> offers direct <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>–<a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, Barcelona–<a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> and Barcelona–<a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> high-speed services.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The journey time for the TGV Paris–Barcelona service is now 6h 25min.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> A 60 kilometer <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes%E2%80%93Montpellier_bypass" class="mw-redirect" title="Nîmes–Montpellier bypass">Nîmes–Montpellier bypass</a> is under construction and will chop 20 minutes off travel times from <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> and beyond.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> There is on the other hand currently no funding for the missing segment of high-speed line between <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a>, which would cut journey times between the two countries by an additional hour. Another high-speed rail link connecting the two countries is planned via <a href="/wiki/Irun" title="Irun">Irun</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hendaye" title="Hendaye">Hendaye</a>, but is not currently funded. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Crossing_the_Alps">Crossing the Alps</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Crossing the Alps">edit</a>]</div> The north–south axis has been improved by the Swiss <a href="/wiki/NRLA" title="NRLA">NRLA</a> project already in 2007 with the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6tschberg_Base_Tunnel" title="Lötschberg Base Tunnel">Lötschberg Base Tunnel</a> and in 2016 with the currently world's longest railway tunnel, the <a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Base_Tunnel" title="Gotthard Base Tunnel">Gotthard Base Tunnel</a>. Further international links between Italy and France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia are under way. These links all incorporate extensive new tunnelling under the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>. European Union funding has already been approved for the <a href="/wiki/Turin%E2%80%93Lyon_high-speed_railway" title="Turin–Lyon high-speed railway">Turin–Lyon high-speed railway</a>, which will connect the TGV and TAV networks, and for a link with Slovenia. In <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, Pendolino-based trainsets are operated by Slovenian Railways as the <a href="/wiki/InterCitySlovenija" class="mw-redirect" title="InterCitySlovenija">InterCitySlovenija</a>. Trains connect the capital <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a> with <a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a> and also with <a href="/wiki/Koper" title="Koper">Koper</a> in the summer months. One unit operated as EC Casanova on the line <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>–<a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, but this service was discontinued in April 2008. Between Austria and Italy, the <a href="/wiki/Brenner_Base_Tunnel" title="Brenner Base Tunnel">Brenner Base Tunnel</a> is being constructed to upgrade the <a href="/wiki/Berlin%E2%80%93Palermo_railway_axis" title="Berlin–Palermo railway axis">Berlin–Palermo railway axis</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Future_projects_adjacent_to_existing_high-speed_services">Future projects adjacent to existing high-speed services</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Future projects adjacent to existing high-speed services">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magistrale_for_Europe">Magistrale for Europe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Magistrale for Europe">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magistrale_for_Europe.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Magistrale_for_Europe.gif/220px-Magistrale_for_Europe.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Magistrale_for_Europe.gif/330px-Magistrale_for_Europe.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Magistrale_for_Europe.gif/440px-Magistrale_for_Europe.gif 2x" data-file-width="1793" data-file-height="1316" /></a><figcaption>Planned high-speed rail link Paris – Bratislava</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Magistrale_for_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Magistrale for Europe">Magistrale for Europe</a> (MoE) is an initiative to promote railway expansion between <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>/<a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, passing <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Founded in 1990, the initiative is supported by numerous cities and regions along the line.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Several railway projects, such as the <a href="/wiki/LGV_Est" title="LGV Est">LGV Est</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rastatt_Tunnel" title="Rastatt Tunnel">Rastatt tunnel</a>, have been promoted through the initiative.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paris_-_Berlin">Paris - Berlin</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Paris - Berlin">edit</a>]</div> A new high-speed train linking Paris and Berlin is expected to be launched in December 2024. It will run between <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Hauptbahnhof" title="Berlin Hauptbahnhof">Berlin Hauptbahnhof</a> and Paris <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_l%27Est" title="Gare de l'Est">Gare de L’Est</a>, stopping in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Main)_S%C3%BCd_station" title="Frankfurt (Main) Süd station">Frankfurt Süd</a>, and will take about eight hours. The operators of the route will be <a href="/wiki/SNCF" title="SNCF">SNCF</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">Deutsche Bahn</a>.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/sep/25/high-speed-train-between-paris-and-berlin-launch-december">[2]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Austria" title="High-speed rail in Austria">High-speed rail in Austria</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Western_Railway_(Austria)" title="Western Railway (Austria)">Western Railway</a> between the capital <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a> is being upgraded. Most new sections have a continuous maximum design speed of 250 km/h (155 mph).<a href="#cite_note-obb-101">[101]</a> German and Austrian <a href="/wiki/InterCityExpress" class="mw-redirect" title="InterCityExpress">ICE</a> trains operate at a maximum speed of 230 km/h (143 mph), as do Austrian locomotive-hauled trains (called <a href="/wiki/Railjet" title="Railjet">railjet</a>) which were launched in 2008. The 55 km (34 mi) <a href="/wiki/Brenner_Base_Tunnel" title="Brenner Base Tunnel">Brenner Base Tunnel</a> under construction will allow speeds of up to 250 km/h (155 mph).<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The first part of the <a href="/wiki/New_Lower_Inn_Valley_railway" title="New Lower Inn Valley railway">New Lower Inn Valley railway</a> was opened in December 2012 as part of an upgrade of the line connecting the future Brenner Base Tunnel and southern Germany, which is being upgraded from two tracks to four and to a maximum design speed of 250 km/h (155 mph). The section is also part of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin%E2%80%93Palermo_railway_axis" title="Berlin–Palermo railway axis">Berlin–Palermo railway axis</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Koralm_Railway" title="Koralm Railway">Koralm Railway</a>, the first entirely new railway line in the Second Austrian Republic has been under construction since 2006. It includes a new 33 km (21 mi) tunnel (the <a href="/wiki/Koralm_Tunnel" title="Koralm Tunnel">Koralm Tunnel</a>) connecting the cities of <a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a>. Primarily built for <a href="/wiki/Intermodal_freight_transport" title="Intermodal freight transport">intermodal freight transport</a>, it will also be used by passenger trains travelling at up to 250 km/h (155 mph). The time taken to travel from Klagenfurt to Graz will be reduced from three hours to one hour. The Koralmbahn is expected to be operational by 2025. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Line</th> <th>Maximum speed</th> <th>Length</th> <th>Construction began</th> <th>Service started </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Railway_(Austria)" title="Western Railway (Austria)">Western Railway</a> (Vienna - Attnang-Puchheim)</td> <td>200/230 km/h (per sections)<a href="#cite_note-UIC_HS-Atlas_2021-104">[104]</a></td> <td>243 km (151 mi)</td> <td>Unknown (past)</td> <td>1990 (Linz - Wels) to 2016 (Ybbs - Amstetten)<a href="#cite_note-UIC_HS-Atlas_2021-104">[104]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Lower_Inn_Valley_railway" title="New Lower Inn Valley railway">New Lower Inn Valley railway</a> (Kundl - Baumkirchen)</td> <td>220 km/h<a href="#cite_note-UIC_HS-Atlas_2021-104">[104]</a></td> <td>40.236 km (25.001 mi)</td> <td>Unknown (past)</td> <td>9 December 2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marchegger_Ostbahn" class="extiw" title="de:Marchegger Ostbahn">Marchegger Eastern railway</a> (upgrade Vienna Stadlau - Slovakian border)</td> <td>200 km/h<a href="#cite_note-UIC_HS-Atlas_2021-104">[104]</a></td> <td>38 km<a href="#cite_note-UIC_HS-Atlas_2021-104">[104]</a></td> <td>Unknown (past)</td> <td>2025 (expected)<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottendorfer_Linie" class="extiw" title="de:Pottendorfer Linie">Pottendorfer line</a> (upgrade & new Vienna Inzersdorf Ort - Wr. Neustadt)</td> <td>200 km/h<a href="#cite_note-UIC_HS-Atlas_2021-104">[104]</a></td> <td>47 km<a href="#cite_note-UIC_HS-Atlas_2021-104">[104]</a></td> <td>Unknown (past)</td> <td>2024 (expected)<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Koralm_Railway" title="Koralm Railway">Koralm Railway</a> (Graz - Klagenfurt)</td> <td>250 km/h<a href="#cite_note-UIC_HS-Atlas_2021-104">[104]</a></td> <td>125 km (78 mi)</td> <td>2001</td> <td>2025 (expected)<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-UIC_HS-Atlas_2021-104">[104]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Semmering_Base_Tunnel" title="Semmering Base Tunnel">Semmering Base Tunnel</a> (Gloggnitz - Mürzzuschlag)</td> <td>230 km/h<a href="#cite_note-UIC_HS-Atlas_2021-104">[104]</a></td> <td>27.3 km (17.0 mi)</td> <td>2012</td> <td>2030 (expected)<a href="#cite_note-:0-108">[108]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brenner_Base_Tunnel" title="Brenner Base Tunnel">Brenner Base Tunnel</a> & its Austrian access (Volders-Baumkirchen - Italian border)</td> <td>250 km/h<a href="#cite_note-UIC_HS-Atlas_2021-104">[104]</a></td> <td>46 km<a href="#cite_note-UIC_HS-Atlas_2021-104">[104]</a></td> <td>Summer 2006</td> <td>2032 (expected)<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_railway_(Austria)" class="mw-redirect" title="North railway (Austria)">North Railway</a> (upgrade Gänserndorf - Břeclav, Czech Republic)</td> <td>200 km/h<a href="#cite_note-UIC_HS-Atlas_2021-104">[104]</a></td> <td>47 km<a href="#cite_note-UIC_HS-Atlas_2021-104">[104]</a></td> <td>2024 (expected)<a href="#cite_note-UIC_HS-Atlas_2021-104">[104]</a></td> <td>2030 (expected) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Railway_(Austria)" title="Western Railway (Austria)">Western Railway</a> (new line Köstendorf - Salzburg)</td> <td>250 km/h</td> <td>21.3 km (13.2 mi)</td> <td>2025/2026 (expected)</td> <td>2040 (expected) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Lower_Inn_Valley_railway" title="New Lower Inn Valley railway">New Lower Inn Valley railway</a> (Kundl - Brannenburg, Germany)</td> <td>230 km/h</td> <td>25 km (16 mi)</td> <td>Unknown (future)</td> <td>Unknown (future) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Switzerland">Switzerland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Switzerland">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Switzerland" title="High-speed rail in Switzerland">High-speed rail in Switzerland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GBT_north.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/GBT_north.jpg/220px-GBT_north.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/GBT_north.jpg/330px-GBT_north.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/GBT_north.jpg/440px-GBT_north.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>SBB <a href="/wiki/EuroCity" title="EuroCity">EuroCity</a> entering the <a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Base_Tunnel" title="Gotthard Base Tunnel">Gotthard Base Tunnel</a></figcaption></figure> The French-Swiss co-operation <a href="/wiki/TGV_Lyria" title="TGV Lyria">TGV Lyria</a> and German <a href="/wiki/InterCityExpress" class="mw-redirect" title="InterCityExpress">ICE</a> lines extend into Switzerland, but given the dense rail traffic and the often difficult terrain, they do not attain speeds higher than 200 km/h (124 mph) (ICE3) or 160 km/h (99 mph) (TGV, ICE1, ICE2). The fastest Swiss train is the <a href="/wiki/SBB_RABe_501" title="SBB RABe 501">SBB RABe 501</a> also named Giruno. It is operated by the <a href="/wiki/SBB-CFF-FFS" class="mw-redirect" title="SBB-CFF-FFS">Swiss Federal Railways</a> since May 2016. They can reach higher speeds than conventional trains on the curve-intensive Swiss network, however the top speed of 200 km/h (124 mph) can only be reached on high-speed lines. The former <a href="/wiki/Cisalpino" title="Cisalpino">Cisalpino</a> consortium owned by the Swiss Federal Railways and <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a> used <a href="/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino">Pendolino</a> tilting trains on two of its international lines. These trains are now operated by the Swiss Federal Railways and Trenitalia. To address transalpine freight and passenger bottlenecks on its roads and railways, Switzerland launched the Rail2000 and <a href="/wiki/NRLA" title="NRLA">NRLA</a> projects. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Line</th> <th>Max speed</th> <th>Operating speed (max)</th> <th>Length</th> <th>Construction began</th> <th>Construction completed or start of revenue services </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mattstetten%E2%80%93Rothrist_new_line" title="Mattstetten–Rothrist new line">Mattstetten–Rothrist new line</a></td> <td>200 km/h (125 mph)</td> <td>200 km/h (125 mph)</td> <td>45 km</td> <td>1996</td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Solothurn%E2%80%93Wanzwil_railway" title="Solothurn–Wanzwil railway">Solothurn-Wanzwil new line</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="nowrap"><ul><li>Per section:</li><li>200 km/h (125 mph)</li><li>or 140 km/h (87 mph)</li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="nowrap"><ul><li>Per section:</li><li>200 km/h (125 mph)</li><li>or 140 km/h (87 mph)</li></ul></div> </td> <td>12 km</td> <td>?</td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6tschberg_Base_Tunnel" title="Lötschberg Base Tunnel">Lötschberg Base Tunnel</a></td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>200 km/h (125 mph)</td> <td>35 km</td> <td>1994</td> <td>2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Base_Tunnel" title="Gotthard Base Tunnel">Gotthard Base Tunnel</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li>Technical:</li><li>250 km/h (155 mph)</li><li>Authorized:</li><li>230 km/h (145 mph)</li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li>Normal:</li><li>200 km/h (125 mph)</li><li>If delay:</li><li>230 km/h (145 mph)</li></ul></div> </td> <td>57 km</td> <td>1999</td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ceneri_Base_Tunnel" title="Ceneri Base Tunnel">Ceneri Base Tunnel</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li>Technical:</li><li>250 km/h (155 mph)</li><li>Authorized:</li><li>230 km/h (145 mph)</li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li>Normal:</li><li>200 km/h (125 mph)</li><li>If delay:</li><li>230 km/h (145 mph)</li></ul></div> </td> <td>15 km</td> <td>2006</td> <td>2020 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nordic_countries">Nordic countries</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Nordic countries">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denmark">Denmark</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Denmark">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Denmark" title="High-speed rail in Denmark">High-speed rail in Denmark</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Danish_rail_network_approved_lines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Danish_rail_network_approved_lines.svg/220px-Danish_rail_network_approved_lines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Danish_rail_network_approved_lines.svg/330px-Danish_rail_network_approved_lines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Danish_rail_network_approved_lines.svg/440px-Danish_rail_network_approved_lines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1055" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>Current completed and approved high-speed lines set to be built or upgraded in Denmark</figcaption></figure> Denmark is currently[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] building two high-speed corridors: an international corridor linking Sweden to Germany through <a href="/wiki/Ny_Ellebjerg_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Ny Ellebjerg station">Copenhagen South</a>, and a national corridor aiming to reduce travel times between the five biggest cities to less than one hour. Denmark's two biggest cities, <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a>, are about 300 km (186 mi) apart. There is a political target to reach a two-hour traveling time between them, and 200 km/h (124 mph) is set as a target speed.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Some parts are planned to be rerouted because the present railway is too curvy. These new sections are to designed for at least 250 km/h (155 mph). The top speed of some small sections of the main lines is 180 km/h (112 mph),<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> but trains quickly pass through these and return to slower sections around 140–160 km/h (87–99 mph). Most parts of the rail network are unelectrified – thus slowing acceleration and top speed.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Since 2007 it has been common practice for the infrastructure provider <a href="/wiki/Banedanmark" title="Banedanmark">Banedanmark</a> to pad the timetables with extra time to a near European record[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>], so that trains only use the top speeds to make up for lost time.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Some of the rolling stock running on the Danish rail network is capable of reaching 200 km/h (124 mph), the <a href="/wiki/SJ_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="SJ 2000">SJ 2000</a> and the <a href="/wiki/IC4" title="IC4">IC4</a> (the IC4 is only allowed up to 180 km/h or 112 mph in regular operation). Denmark's signalling system, which contains numerous obsolete components, is being replaced with <a href="/wiki/ERTMS" class="mw-redirect" title="ERTMS">ERTMS</a> 2, to be finished in 2034. This is a requirement for speeds higher than 180 km/h (112 mph).<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sydbanen" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydbanen">The railway line from Ringsted towards</a> the future <a href="/wiki/Fehmarn_Belt_Fixed_Link" class="mw-redirect" title="Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link">Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link</a> was upgraded to a 200 km/h (124 mph) double-tracked line in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Once the fixed link project is completed, Denmark will be able to link the Swedish high-speed lines with the rest of the European high-speed rail network. As Germany is electrifying and upgrading the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck%E2%80%93Puttgarden_railway" title="Lübeck–Puttgarden railway">Lübeck–Puttgarden railway</a> from the current limit of between 100 and 160 km/h (62 and 99 mph) to 200 km/h (124 mph), the only non-highspeed section will be <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck%E2%80%93Hamburg_railway" title="Lübeck–Hamburg railway">Lübeck–Hamburg</a>. In 2013 the Danish Government (consisting of the parties: the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats_(Denmark)" title="Social Democrats (Denmark)">Social Democrats</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Danish Social Liberal Party">Danish Social Liberal Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_People%27s_Party_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist People's Party (Denmark)">Socialist People's Party</a>) along with the supporting party <a href="/wiki/Red%E2%80%93Green_Alliance_(Denmark)" title="Red–Green Alliance (Denmark)">Red–Green Alliance</a> and the opposition party <a href="/wiki/Danish_People%27s_Party" title="Danish People's Party">Danish People's Party</a> entered an ambitious political agreement on the infrastructure project called "The Train Fund DK". The main component of the agreement is to raise taxes on the oil companies operating in the Danish parts of the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> in order to raise 2,8 billion pounds[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] earmarked for railway upgrades. The first priority is to reduce the travel time between Denmark's two biggest cities, <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a> to two hours. This includes upgrading all main lines to handle speeds up to 200 km/h (124 mph) and building three new high-speed lines with speeds up to 250 km/h (155 mph), which later can be upgraded to 300 km/h (186 mph). Furthermore, all main lines and many regional lines will be electrified.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Line</th> <th>Operating speed</th> <th>Length</th> <th>Construction began</th> <th>Start of revenue services </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%98resund_Bridge" title="Øresund Bridge">Øresund fixed link</a></td> <td>200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>7 km (4.3 mi)</td> <td>1995</td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen%E2%80%93Ringsted_Line" title="Copenhagen–Ringsted Line">Copenhagen–Ringsted Line</a><a href="#cite_note-railwaygazette2-120">[120]</a></td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph) (currently 180 km/h (112 mph))</td> <td>60 km (37 mi)</td> <td>2011</td> <td>June 2019 at 180 km/h (112 mph);<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> upgrade to 250 km/h (155 mph) expected in 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sydbanen" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydbanen">Ringsted</a>–<a href="/wiki/Fehmarn_Belt_Fixed_Link" class="mw-redirect" title="Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link">Fehmarn</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Vogelfluglinie" title="Vogelfluglinie">Vogelfluglinie</a>)<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></td> <td>200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>115 km (71 mi)</td> <td>2013</td> <td>Expected 2029<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finland">Finland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Finland">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Finnish_railroad_network_speeds_2019.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Finnish_railroad_network_speeds_2019.png/220px-Finnish_railroad_network_speeds_2019.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Finnish_railroad_network_speeds_2019.png/330px-Finnish_railroad_network_speeds_2019.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Finnish_railroad_network_speeds_2019.png/440px-Finnish_railroad_network_speeds_2019.png 2x" data-file-width="1371" data-file-height="2007" /></a><figcaption>Running speeds on the Finnish railway network</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Finland" title="High-speed rail in Finland">High-speed rail in Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Sm3" title="VR Class Sm3">VR Class Sm3</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Karelian_Trains_Class_Sm6" class="mw-redirect" title="Karelian Trains Class Sm6">Karelian Trains Class Sm6</a></div> In Finland the national railway company <a href="/wiki/VR_Group" title="VR Group">VR</a> operates tilting <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">Alstom</a> <a href="/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino">Pendolino</a> trains. The trains reach their maximum speed of 220 km/h (137 mph) in regular operation on a 60-kilometre (37 mi) route between <a href="/wiki/Kerava" title="Kerava">Kerava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lahti" title="Lahti">Lahti</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kerava%E2%80%93Lahti_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerava–Lahti railway line">This portion of track</a> was opened in 2006. The trains can run at 200 km/h (124 mph) on a longer route between <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sein%C3%A4joki" title="Seinäjoki">Seinäjoki</a> and peak at that speed between Helsinki and <a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> The main railway line between Helsinki and <a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a> is being upgraded between Seinäjoki and Oulu to allow for trains to run at speeds between 160 and 200 km/h (99 and 124 mph).<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Other parts of the Finnish railway network are limited to lower speed. Between 2007 and 2010 the Russian line from the Finnish border to Saint Petersburg was electrified and improved to allow higher running speeds. The Finnish line (<a href="/wiki/Riihim%C3%A4ki_%E2%80%93_Saint_Petersburg_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Riihimäki – Saint Petersburg Railway">Riihimäki – Saint Petersburg Railway</a>) was also upgraded where needed, mostly to 200 km/h (124 mph). In 2010, a new service called <a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Sm6" class="mw-redirect" title="VR Class Sm6">Allegro</a> started between Helsinki and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, using the improved network. The service has a journey time of 3½ hours. It utilizes a new Pendolino model, supporting both Finnish and Russian standards.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-hs.fi-127">[127]</a> Four new trains have been delivered, with a top speed of 220 km/h (137 mph). As of 2022, the service is on hold, a consequence of the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> The planned <a href="/wiki/Helsinki%E2%80%93Turku_high-speed_railway" title="Helsinki–Turku high-speed railway">Helsinki–Turku high-speed railway</a> featuring new track from Espoo to Salo would be capable of maximum speeds of 300 km/h (186 mph), making this the fastest railway in Finland once built. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Line</th> <th>Speed</th> <th>Length</th> <th>Construction began</th> <th>Start of revenue services </th></tr> <tr> <td>ELSA-rata (Espoo-Salo Railway)</td> <td>300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>95 km (59 mi)</td> <td>Planned</td> <td>2031 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iceland">Iceland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Iceland">edit</a>]</div> A 49 km (30 mi) long railway, the first in <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, has been proposed[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">By whom?</a>] to link <a href="/wiki/Keflav%C3%ADk_International_Airport" title="Keflavík International Airport">Keflavík International Airport</a> to the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a> in order to relieve one of the country's busiest roads. The railway would accommodate high-speed trains of up to 250 km/h (155 mph), with an average speed of 180 km/h (112 mph), which would enable the distance to be travelled within just 18 minutes. As of 2024, the project had not advanced beyond the proposal stage.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Compared to widening the road, it would be more expensive (in the context of the country's relatively small economy), more environmentally destructive, and probably more vulnerable to adverse weather conditions. <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Proposal for a Keflavík–Reykjavík line </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Line</th> <th>Speed</th> <th>Length</th> <th>Construction began</th> <th>Start of revenue services </th></tr> <tr> <td>Reykjavik—Airport Rail Link</td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>49 km (30 mi)</td> <td>Proposed</td> <td>Unknown </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norway">Norway</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Norway">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flytoget_Oslo_S.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flytoget_Oslo_S.jpg/220px-Flytoget_Oslo_S.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flytoget_Oslo_S.jpg/330px-Flytoget_Oslo_S.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flytoget_Oslo_S.jpg/440px-Flytoget_Oslo_S.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Flytoget" title="Flytoget">Flytoget</a> at <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a> station, Norway </figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Norway" title="High-speed rail in Norway">High-speed rail in Norway</a></div> Norway has several high speed stretches radiating from Oslo. These have speeds ranging from 200 to 250 km/h (124 to 155 mph). Several new railroad stretches are under construction and the complete Intercity triangle from Oslo will be finished by 2030. Norway's only high-speed line is the 64 km (40 mi) Gardermobanen (The Gardermoen Railway), which links <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Airport,_Gardermoen" title="Oslo Airport, Gardermoen">Oslo Airport</a> (OSL) with the metropolitan areas of <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>. Here the Flytoget (the Airport Express Train) and some of the NSB (Norwegian State Railways) trains operate at speeds of up to 210 km/h (130 mph).<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Gardermobanen contributes to give rail transport a relatively high market share. Almost 38% of the OSL passengers come by train, about 21% by bus, and about 40% by car. Some more new high-speed lines are planned to be built in the Oslo region, during the 2010 and 2020 decades. Today, however, only small parts of Norway's rail network permit speeds faster than 130 km/h (81 mph). There is a political climate for building more high-speed railway services in Norway, including long-distance lines from Oslo to <a href="/wiki/Trondheim" title="Trondheim">Trondheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a>. They are assumed to be dedicated single-track high-speed railways having up to 250 km/h (155 mph). This is still at the feasibility planning stages.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> The Norwegian government is examining five lines radiating out from Oslo to Bergen, <a href="/wiki/Kristiansand" title="Kristiansand">Kristiansand</a>/Stavanger, Trondheim, Gothenburg, and <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>. A sixth line would be a coastal line between Bergen, Haugesund and Stavanger. At least two investigations on cost and benefit have been made. A more indepth analysis covering route analysis of the 6 lines will be made on order by the Norwegian government beginning late 2010.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> The closest 50–100 km (31–62 mi) from Oslo on each of these lines have good potential for regional trains (except towards Stockholm). Upgrade and new construction to high-speed standard have to some extent already taken place like for <a href="/wiki/Gardermobanen" class="mw-redirect" title="Gardermobanen">Gardermobanen</a>. More is being built and is planned, but with the present ambition it will take decades to have high-speed standard the closest 100 km (62 mi) from Oslo on all these lines. The ambition is to some day have 200 km/h (124 mph) or more to <a href="/wiki/Halden" title="Halden">Halden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skien" title="Skien">Skien</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8nefoss" title="Hønefoss">Hønefoss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamar" title="Hamar">Hamar</a>. These projects have higher priority than the long-distance projects. They are also preconditions for the long-distance projects, since they will be used by long-distance trains. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Line</th> <th>Presently permitted Speed</th> <th>Planned speed</th> <th>Length</th> <th>Construction began</th> <th>Start of revenue services </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vestfold_Line" title="Vestfold Line">Tønsberg–Drammen</a></td> <td>200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>57 km (35.4 mi)</td> <td>1993</td> <td>2001–≈2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vestfold_Line" title="Vestfold Line">Larvik–Porsgrunn</a></td> <td>200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>23 km (14.3 mi)</td> <td></td> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dovre_Line" title="Dovre Line">Oslo–Hamar</a></td> <td>210 km/h (130 mph)</td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>120 km (74.6 mi)</td> <td>1994</td> <td>1997–≈2027 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Follo_Line" title="Follo Line">Oslo–Ski</a></td> <td>200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>22 km (14 mi)</td> <td>2020</td> <td>11 December 2022 </td></tr></tbody></table> There are (as of 2024) no trains operating in Norway capable of over 210 km/h, and the signalling system does not allow more. Some of the lines are built for easy upgrade to 250 km/h when signalling system and other technical demands are fulfilled. New trains are needed to achieve this speed. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden">Sweden</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sweden">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Sweden" title="High-speed rail in Sweden">High-speed rail in Sweden</a></div> Newly built lines such as the West Coast Line, the Svealand line and the Bothnia line of the network can be relatively easily upgraded to 250 km/h (155 mph). This requires new signaling system, new trains and perhaps other minor efforts. The old main lines are difficult to upgrade due costs for increasing the bearing of the track. Most bridges and long sections of the main lines need to be rebuilt to allow 250 km/h (155 mph). There are investigations regarding high-speed trains in Sweden, and to evaluate if the Western and Southern Mainline should be upgraded to 250 km/h (155 mph) or if a whole new network of high-speed railway for 280–320 km/h (175–200 mph) should be built between <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>–<a href="/wiki/Link%C3%B6ping" title="Linköping">Linköping</a>–<a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6nk%C3%B6ping" title="Jönköping">Jönköping</a>–<a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a> and between <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6nk%C3%B6ping" title="Jönköping">Jönköping</a>–<a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a>–<a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>. The plan is to ease the situation on the existing railways that are relatively congested, combined with better travel times between both the largest three cities in Sweden, as well as fast regional trains between the cities along the routes (which today in many cases have no or slow railways). An informal date suggestion by the Banverket is operation by year 2030. For two parts (<a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6dert%C3%A4lje" title="Södertälje">Södertälje</a>–<a href="/wiki/Link%C3%B6ping" title="Linköping">Linköping</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6lnlycke" title="Mölnlycke">Mölnlycke</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bollebygd" title="Bollebygd">Bollebygd</a>) detailed planning is done, and they are expected to have construction start by around 2017 and be in operation by around 2025.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Many of the newly built railway lines in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> are adapted for speeds up to 250 km/h (155 mph), such as <a href="/wiki/Botniabanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Botniabanan">Botniabanan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%B6dingebanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grödingebanan (page does not exist)">Grödingebanan</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4larbanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mälarbanan">Mälarbanan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svealandsbanan" title="Svealandsbanan">Svealandsbanan</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4stkustbanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Västkustbanan">Västkustbanan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Norway/V%C3%A4nern_Line" title="Norway/Vänern Line">Vänernbanan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> The problem that is slowing down high-speed rail in Sweden is the present signaling system (<a href="/wiki/Automatic_Train_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Automatic Train Control">ATC</a>), which does not allow speeds over 200 km/h (125 mph). It can be upgraded, but it will not be done since it shall be replaced by the European signaling system <a href="/wiki/ERTMS" class="mw-redirect" title="ERTMS">ERTMS</a> level 2 on major lines in the near future, allowing high speeds up to 250 km/h (155 mph).<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> ERTMS level 2 has been installed and is being tried out on <a href="/wiki/Botniabanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Botniabanan">Botniabanan</a>, and that railway allows 250 km/h (155 mph), although no passenger train goes above 200 km/h (125 mph) for now. The train set <a href="/wiki/Regina_(train)" class="mw-redirect" title="Regina (train)">X55-Regina</a> has been delivered to the rail company <a href="/wiki/SJ_AB" title="SJ AB">SJ</a> with the max speed of 200 km/h (125 mph) but with the option to upgrade the <a href="/wiki/Electric_multiple_unit" title="Electric multiple unit">EMU</a> to 250 km/h (155 mph) when possible.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> These trains haven't got increased speed as of 2022, but SJ has in 2022 ordered new <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Zefiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier Zefiro">Zefiro</a> trains which shall be able to go in 250 kph. Also the mix with freight trains slow down the practical speed. There are five major high-speed projects proposed in Sweden with speeds between 250–350 km/h (160–220 mph). <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Bothnia_Line" title="North Bothnia Line">The North Bothnia Line</a> (Norrbotniabanan): <a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a>–<a href="/wiki/Lule%C3%A5" title="Luleå">Luleå</a>, is a future major rail project that will be built for 250 km/h (155 mph) with mixed passenger and freight traffic in northern Sweden, mainly to relieve the highly congested and old single track <a href="/wiki/Main_Line_Through_Upper_Norrland" title="Main Line Through Upper Norrland">Main Line Through Upper Norrland</a> increase freight traffic, and greatly speed up passenger traffic along the coast.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostl%C3%A4nken" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostlänken">The East Link</a> (Ostlänken): <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rna" class="mw-redirect" title="Järna">Järna</a>–<a href="/wiki/Link%C3%B6ping" title="Linköping">Linköping</a>, which would relieve the congested and slow conventional main lines on the stretch Järna-Linköping, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6dra_stambanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Södra stambanan">Södra stambanan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-trafikverket.se-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6talandsbanan" title="Götalandsbanan">The Gothia line</a> (Götalandsbanan): Gothenburg–<a href="/wiki/Bor%C3%A5s" title="Borås">Borås</a>–<a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6nk%C3%B6ping" title="Jönköping">Jönköping</a>–<a href="/wiki/Link%C3%B6ping" title="Linköping">Linköping</a>, connecting to Ostlänken. It would reduce travel time Gothenburg-Stockholm from 3.05 h to 2h, and much improve some regional travel times.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europabanan" title="Europabanan">The Europe Line</a> (Europabanan): Jönköping–<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4ssleholm" title="Hässleholm">Hässleholm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Helsingborg" title="Helsingborg">Helsingborg</a>. The discussed extension to <a href="/wiki/Helsing%C3%B8r" title="Helsingør">Helsingør</a> (Tunnel under <a href="/wiki/%C3%98resund" title="Øresund">Øresund</a>) and Copenhagen, is now (2016) unlikely due to Danish resistance.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4ssleholm" title="Hässleholm">Hässleholm</a>–<a href="/wiki/Lund" title="Lund">Lund</a>. The existing line is fairly fast at around 160 kph, but congested with mix of local and high-speed trains. A new parallel high-speed railway between these cities is planned in detail.</li></ul> The three first listed and the last, but not Europabanan, have been prospected by Trafikverket. In several cases the detailed alignment have been decided. The Swedish Conservative government 2006–2014 showed little interest in major railway projects. But the socialist/environmentalist government has from 2014 started further negotiations on stations and other alignment. There is plan to start building Gothenburg–Borås and Ostlänken in 2019. The other railways are expected to be built some years after. As of 2022 there is no decision. A problem is that cost has been increasing a lot. With the 2022 elections, the <a href="/wiki/Andersson_cabinet" title="Andersson cabinet">centre-left Andersson cabinet</a> lost its majority, leading to the formation of a <a href="/wiki/Kristersson_cabinet" title="Kristersson cabinet">centre-right Swedish government</a>. Consequently, the main high-speed rail projects in southern and central Sweden were cancelled.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Since then, the statuses of the major expansion projects are as follows: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Line</th> <th>Speed</th> <th>Length</th> <th>Construction began </th> <th>Expected start of revenue services </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Bothnia_Line" title="North Bothnia Line">The North Bothnia Line</a> Norrbotniabanan </td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph) </td> <td>270 km </td> <td>August 2018 (Umeå–Dåva section) </td> <td>2024 (the rest after 2030) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Link" title="West Link">The West Link</a> Västlänken </td> <td>100 km/h (62 mph)</td> <td>6 km</td> <td>May 2018 </td> <td>2026 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Link_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="East Link Project">The East Link</a> Ostlänken </td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph) </td> <td>160 km </td> <td>2023–2024 (estimated) </td> <td>2033–2035 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Link&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Link (page does not exist)">Southeast Link</a> Sydostlänken </td> <td>160 km/h (100 mph) </td> <td>60 km </td> <td>2028–2033 (possible) </td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bor%C3%A5s" title="Borås">Borås</a> Double Tracks </td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)? </td> <td>60 km </td> <td>Not yet been decided </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4ssleholm" title="Hässleholm">Hässleholm</a>–<a href="/wiki/Lund" title="Lund">Lund</a> Four Tracks </td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)? </td> <td>60 km </td> <td>Not yet been decided </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="South-east">South-east</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: South-east">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkey">Turkey</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Turkey">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2021)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rail_transport_map_of_Turkey.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Rail_transport_map_of_Turkey.png/220px-Rail_transport_map_of_Turkey.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Rail_transport_map_of_Turkey.png/330px-Rail_transport_map_of_Turkey.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Rail_transport_map_of_Turkey.png/440px-Rail_transport_map_of_Turkey.png 2x" data-file-width="3656" data-file-height="1750" /></a><figcaption>Turkish HSR Network: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">High-speed rail</a> lines in service, those under construction, and those in the planning stages</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Turkey" title="High-speed rail in Turkey">High-speed rail in Turkey</a></div> Turkey started building high-speed rail lines in 2003 aiming a double-track high-speed rail network through the country allowing a maximum speed of 250 km/h (155 mph)<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Only the planned line between <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kap%C4%B1kule" title="Kapıkule">Kapıkule</a> is situated in the European part of the country. The first line that was built aimed to connect Istanbul to <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> (via <a href="/wiki/Eski%C5%9Fehir" title="Eskişehir">Eskişehir</a>) reducing the travel time from 6–7 hours to 3.5 hours. The Eskişehir-Ankara line started operating regular services on 14 March 2009 with a maximum speed of 250 km/h (155 mph), being the first High Speed Rail Service in Turkey making the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_State_Railways" title="Turkish State Railways">Turkish State Railways</a> the 6th European national rail company to offer HSR services (although these are situated in the Asian part of the country). The Eskişehir-<a href="/wiki/Pendik_railway_station" title="Pendik railway station">Istanbul(Pendik)</a> line is inaugurated in 2014 and the line extended to <a href="/wiki/Halkal%C4%B1_railway_station" title="Halkalı railway station">Halkalı</a> in European side with <a href="/wiki/Marmaray" title="Marmaray">Marmaray</a> project via <a href="/wiki/Marmaray_Tunnel" title="Marmaray Tunnel">Marmaray Tunnel</a> on 12 March 2019. The Ankara–<a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a> line construction began in 2006 and inaugurated in 2011. The travel time was cut to 70 minutes on this route. The Konya–Karaman route also began construction in 2016 and was inaugurated in February 2021. The construction of the Ankara–<a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1r%C4%B1kkale" title="Kırıkkale">Kırıkkale</a>–<a href="/wiki/Yozgat" title="Yozgat">Yozgat</a>–<a href="/wiki/Sivas" title="Sivas">Sivas</a> line began in February 2009 and inaugurated on 26 April 2023. The travel time between Ankara and Sivas is cut from 12 hours to 2.5 hours. Several other HSR line projects between major cities such as Ankara–<a href="/wiki/Afyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Afyon">Afyon</a>–<a href="/wiki/U%C5%9Fak" title="Uşak">Uşak</a>–<a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a>, Ankara–<a href="/wiki/Kayseri" title="Kayseri">Kayseri</a>, Bilecik–<a href="/wiki/Bursa,_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Bursa, Turkey">Bursa</a>–Bandırma, Istanbul–<a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a>–<a href="/wiki/Kap%C4%B1kule" title="Kapıkule">Kapıkule</a> (Bulgarian border), Karaman–Ulukışla and <a href="/wiki/Mersin" title="Mersin">Mersin</a>–<a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a>–<a href="/wiki/Osmaniye_Province" title="Osmaniye Province">Osmaniye</a> –<a href="/wiki/Gaziantep" title="Gaziantep">Gaziantep</a> lines are in construction phase. In addition <a href="/wiki/Eski%C5%9Fehir" title="Eskişehir">Eskişehir</a>–<a href="/wiki/Afyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Afyon">Afyon</a>–<a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a>, Sivas–<a href="/wiki/Erzincan" title="Erzincan">Erzincan</a> and Aksaray–Ulukışla–<a href="/wiki/Yenice,_Tarsus" title="Yenice, Tarsus">Yenice</a> lines are planned to be built in the coming years. The Antalya–Alanya–Konya and <a href="/wiki/Erzincan" title="Erzincan">Erzincan</a>–<a href="/wiki/Erzurum" title="Erzurum">Erzurum</a>–<a href="/wiki/Kars" title="Kars">Kars</a> lines are also in planning phase. The total length of constructed lines is. The first 12 high-speed trainsets are ordered from <a href="/wiki/Construcciones_y_Auxiliar_de_Ferrocarriles" title="Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles">CAF</a> company, Spain. Several new trainsets from Siemens were also bought for the Ankara-Konya line, now operating in all HSR lines in Turkey. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Line</th> <th>Speed</th> <th>Length</th> <th>Construction began</th> <th>Start of revenue services </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>–<a href="/wiki/Sivas" title="Sivas">Sivas</a></td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>446 km (277 mi)</td> <td>2009</td> <td>April 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Band%C4%B1rma" title="Bandırma">Bandırma</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Osmaneli" title="Osmaneli">Osmaneli</a></td> <td>200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>201 km (125 mi)</td> <td>2012</td> <td>expected 2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polatl%C4%B1" title="Polatlı">Polatlı</a>–<a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a></td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>654 km (406 mi)</td> <td>2012</td> <td>expected 2024 (Ankara to <a href="/wiki/Afyonkarahisar" title="Afyonkarahisar">Afyonkarahisar</a>) 2025 (İzmir) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karaman" title="Karaman">Karaman</a>–<a href="/wiki/Uluk%C4%B1%C5%9Fla" title="Ulukışla">Ulukışla</a></td> <td rowspan="4">200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>135 km (84 mi)</td> <td>2016</td> <td>expected 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mersin" title="Mersin">Mersin</a>–<a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a>–<a href="/wiki/Gaziantep" title="Gaziantep">Gaziantep</a></td> <td>311 km (193 mi)</td> <td>2020</td> <td>expected 2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul (Halkalı)</a>–<a href="/wiki/Kap%C4%B1kule" title="Kapıkule">Kapıkule</a> (Bulgarian border)</td> <td>229 km (142 mi)</td> <td>2019</td> <td>expected 2023 (<a href="/wiki/%C3%87erkezk%C3%B6y" title="Çerkezköy">Çerkezköy</a> to Kapıkule) 2024 (Halkalı to Çerkezköy) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yerk%C3%B6y" title="Yerköy">Yerköy</a>–<a href="/wiki/Kayseri" title="Kayseri">Kayseri</a></td> <td>142 km (88 mi)</td> <td>2022</td> <td>expected 2026 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greece">Greece</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Greece">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="High-speed rail in Greece">High-speed rail in Greece</a></div> Development of a modern rail network for Greece has been a major goal since the 1990s. In 1996, construction of what is currently known as the <a href="/wiki/P.A.Th.E./P." title="P.A.Th.E./P.">P.A.Th.E./P.</a> was given the go-ahead. The line, which should have opened by 2004, would link <a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> and the Greece–<a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> and Greece–<a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> borders in <a href="/wiki/Idomeni" title="Idomeni">Idomeni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Promachonas" title="Promachonas">Promachonas</a> respectively. The project faced lack of funding and construction difficulties. The Athens-Thessaloniki section has been upgraded with the aim to reduce the travel time by three hours. However, signalling and safety issues remain unresolved, as it was manifested by the rail disaster of 28 February 2023 at Tempi. The target to reach a travel time of 3 hours 20 minutes has not been attained yet and it remains unknown when trains will reach high speeds. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Line</th> <th>Speed</th> <th>Length</th> <th>Construction began</th> <th>Expected start of revenue services </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a>–<a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>–<a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>–borders with Republic of North Macedonia & Bulgaria</td> <td>160–200 km/h (99–124 mph)</td> <td>approx. 700 km (430 mi)</td> <td>1994</td> <td>2022 (parts already in operation) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romania">Romania</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Romania">edit</a>]</div> November 2007, Romania and Hungary agreed to build a high-speed line between their capital cities <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] which would be a part of a larger transportation corridor Paris-Vienna-Budapest-Bucharest-<a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Constanța</a>. As of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit">[update]</a>, the railway from Bucharest to Constanța support speeds up to 160 km/h (99 mph). The plan for a high-speed railway through Budapest-Arad-Sibiu-Brașov-Bucharest-Constanța was officially included in the revised TEN-T plan in October 2013 as part of the Rhine-Danube Corridor.<a href="#cite_note-capital.ro-145">[145]</a> In 2022, the Romanian Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure announced a 120 million euros feasibility study for the construction of a high-speed line connecting Bucharest to Constanța and the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Port of Constanța">Port of Constanța</a>, as well as a line to Budapest, making use of the <a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_EU" title="Next Generation EU">European Union Recovery Instrument</a> following the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is planned to be finished by 2026. Two variants of the line to Hungary are studied, including one through the <a href="/wiki/Olt_(river)" title="Olt (river)">Olt river Valley</a>, passing <a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oradea" title="Oradea">Oradea</a> with a length of 590 kilometres and an estimated cost of 17 billion euros. The second variant is a hybrid approach, which includes sections of lower speeds taking into account geographical aspects and economic profitability.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> The journey between Budapest and Bucharest would be reduced from 11 hours to just 3.5 hours. The costs for the high-speed rail were in 2024 estimated at 17 million euros.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serbia">Serbia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Serbia">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Connection_with_Hungary_(Belgrade-Budapest)">Connection with Hungary (Belgrade-Budapest)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Connection with Hungary (Belgrade-Budapest)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Budapest%E2%80%93Belgrade%E2%80%93Skopje%E2%80%93Athens_railway" title="Budapest–Belgrade–Skopje–Athens railway">Budapest–Belgrade–Skopje–Athens railway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Budapest%E2%80%93Belgrade_railway" title="Budapest–Belgrade railway">Budapest–Belgrade railway</a></div> As a result of negotiations between the two European countries and China, it was decided to build a high-speed line between their capital cities <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, as a part of a larger corridor Budapest-Belgrade-<a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a>-<a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>-<a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>-<a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, by upgrading the current <a href="/wiki/Budapest%E2%80%93Belgrade_railway" title="Budapest–Belgrade railway">Budapest–Belgrade railway line</a> to 200 km/h (124 mph) in Serbia and to 160 km/h (99 mph) in Hungary.<a href="#cite_note-Budapest-Belgrade_first_stone-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-who-benefits-from-149">[149]</a> The construction of the railway line in Serbia started in September 2017, when the construction of the Čortanovci tunnel began.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> The 75 km (47 mi) railway for speed up to 200 km/h (124 mph) between <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Centre_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade Centre railway station">Belgrade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad_railway_station" title="Novi Sad railway station">Novi Sad</a> opened on 19 March 2022 (this part was divided in two sections: as of 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Centre_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade Centre railway station">Belgrade</a> - <a href="/wiki/Stara_Pazova_railway_station" title="Stara Pazova railway station">Stara Pazova</a> 34.5 km (21.4 mi) section was planned to be finished in the end of 2020 and the <a href="/wiki/Stara_Pazova_railway_station" title="Stara Pazova railway station">Stara Pazova</a> - <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad_railway_station" title="Novi Sad railway station">Novi Sad</a> 40.4 km (25.1 mi) section in November 2021).<a href="#cite_note-belgrade-novi-sad-line-reopens-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> The construction of the 107.4 km (66.7 mi) section between Novi Sad and Subotica (Hungarian border) was started on 7 April 2022 and is due to be completed for the end of 2024.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> The construction of the Hungarian part of the railway, 152 km (94 mi), was started in October 2021 and is due to be completed by 2025.<a href="#cite_note-:1-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-Budapest-Belgrade_first_stone-148">[148]</a> When the project is complete, the journey between Budapest and Belgrade should be reduced to 2h 40mn according to some sources and to 3h 30mn according to some others.<a href="#cite_note-belgrade-novi-sad-line-reopens-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-who-benefits-from-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Further_upgrades">Further upgrades</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Further upgrades">edit</a>]</div> After the realisation of a high speed line between Belgrade and Novi Sad, additional high speed connections within <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> are planned as well as the modernisation of branch lines which will connect the main high speed line Subotica-<a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a> with neighbouring countries like North Macedonia and Bulgaria. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Line[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </th> <th>Speed </th> <th>Length </th> <th>Start of revenue services </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> - <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">200 km/h (125 mph) </td> <td>75 km (47 mi) </td> <td>19.03.2022<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a> - <a href="/wiki/Subotica" title="Subotica">Subotica</a> </td> <td>108.3 km (67.3 mi) </td> <td>Under construction - expected by 25 November 2024<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> - <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a> </td> <td>230 km (140 mi) </td> <td>Construction to start in June 2023.<a href="#cite_note-informer-2022-04-06-159">[159]</a> Completion expected for 2026 (partial) & 2029.<a href="#cite_note-informer-2022-04-06-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-railwaypro-2023-03-160">[160]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Subotica" title="Subotica">Subotica</a> - <a href="/wiki/Horgo%C5%A1" title="Horgoš">Horgoš</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">160 km/h (100 mph) </td> <td>26.6 km (16.5 mi) </td> <td>01.08.2022<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a> - <a href="/wiki/Dimitrovgrad,_Serbia" title="Dimitrovgrad, Serbia">Dimitrovgrad</a> </td> <td>80 km (50 mi) </td> <td>By 2025.<a href="#cite_note-informer-2022-04-06-159">[159]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a> - <a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%A1evo" title="Preševo">Preševo</a> </td> <td>88 km (55 mi) </td> <td>Early 2026.<a href="#cite_note-informer-2022-04-06-159">[159]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Central-Eastern_Europe">Central-Eastern Europe</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Central-Eastern Europe">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Croatia">Croatia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Croatia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Croatia" title="High-speed rail in Croatia">High-speed rail in Croatia</a></div> In early 2000s has the Croatian parliament passed a bill to build its first high-speed line, a new <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botovo,_Croatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Botovo, Croatia (page does not exist)">Botovo</a>–<a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>–<a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a> line, which would with later upgrades allow maximum speed of 250 km/h.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> The plan was to start building in 2007. But later plans from 2020 forsee only upgrades to 160 km/h.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Czech_Republic">Czech Republic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Czech Republic">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="High-speed rail in the Czech Republic">High-speed rail in the Czech Republic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_High_Speed_Railroad_in_Czechia_and_neighbourhood.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Map_of_High_Speed_Railroad_in_Czechia_and_neighbourhood.png/220px-Map_of_High_Speed_Railroad_in_Czechia_and_neighbourhood.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Map_of_High_Speed_Railroad_in_Czechia_and_neighbourhood.png/330px-Map_of_High_Speed_Railroad_in_Czechia_and_neighbourhood.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Map_of_High_Speed_Railroad_in_Czechia_and_neighbourhood.png/440px-Map_of_High_Speed_Railroad_in_Czechia_and_neighbourhood.png 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Map of planned high-speed railroads in <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czechia</a></figcaption></figure> In 2004, the Czech Ministry of Transportation presented its plan for a high-speed rail network which should be roughly 660 km (410 mi) long.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> In 2017 the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Government of the Czech Republic">government</a> approved five main lines connecting the biggest cities (main line being the RS1 Prague-Brno-Ostrava) and neighbouring countries. The operation speed should reach more than 300 km/h (186 mph) on most parts. Different parts of the expected network are at different stages of planning as of 2023, however construction of some should start by 2026.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> The most challenging part of high-speed rail will be linking Prague and <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a> via <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ast%C3%AD_nad_Labem" title="Ústí nad Labem">Ústí nad Labem</a> which will require a new 25 km long tunnel through the <a href="/wiki/Ore_Mountains" title="Ore Mountains">Ore Mountains</a>. It should have speed of 200 km/h for personal transport and 110 km/h for freight transport.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> The tunnel is of a strategic importance for Czechia as in 2023 the only electrified line linking Germany and the Czech Republic goes through the narrow <a href="/wiki/Elbe_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbe valley">Elbe valley</a>, which is limiting capacity. The connection between Prague, Dresden and Berlin lies on the European <a href="/wiki/Orient/East%E2%80%93Med_Corridor" title="Orient/East–Med Corridor">Orient/East-Med Corridor</a>, an important freight link to the North Sea ports. The rail connection was added to the German Bundesverkehrswegeplan 2015 (federal transportation plan) which lays out German transportation priorities until 2030, but it does not include the line in its highest priority category, making construction unlikely in the near term.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] In regard to the rolling stock, the <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_Dr%C3%A1hy" class="mw-redirect" title="České Dráhy">Czech Railways</a> have been running the <a href="/wiki/Pendolino#Czech_Republic" title="Pendolino">Super City Pendolino</a> from <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ostrava" title="Ostrava">Ostrava</a> since 2005. The <a href="/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino">Pendolino</a> is capable of operating at 230 km/h (143 mph), but trains that are in service are limited to 160 km/h (99 mph) due to the speeds the railways were constructed for. These limits may be raised in the future to 200 km/h (124 mph). For example, the last parts of 4th transit corridor (<a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>–<a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_Bud%C4%9Bjovice" title="České Budějovice">České Budějovice</a>) are already projected for 200 km/h (124 mph).<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Railjet" title="Railjet">railjet</a> rolling stock is also capable of 230 km/h (143 mph) and reaches that speed in Austria and Germany but is likewise limited to 160 km/h (99 mph) in the Czech Republic. The <a href="/wiki/Velim_railway_test_circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Velim railway test circuit">Velim railway test circuit</a> contains a large 13.3-kilometre (8.3 mi) track with a maximum allowed speed of 230 km/h (143 mph) for <a href="/wiki/Tilting_trains" class="mw-redirect" title="Tilting trains">tilting trains</a> and up to 210 km/h (130 mph) for conventional trains.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hungary">Hungary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Hungary">edit</a>]</div> In January 2022, the Hungarian Government has announced it will conduct its first high-speed feasibility study on a new line capable of reaching speeds up to 250–300 km/h between Budapest and <a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj-Napoca</a> in <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> In contrast, the upgrade of the <a href="/wiki/Budapest%E2%80%93Belgrade_railway" title="Budapest–Belgrade railway">Budapest–Belgrade railway</a> will achieve high-speed travel only on the Serbian side, with speeds of up to 200 km/h, while the Hungarian section is being built for a maximum of 160 km/h.<a href="#cite_note-Budapest-Belgrade_first_stone-148">[148]</a> The construction of the Hungarian part of the railway, 152 km (94 mi), was started in October 2021 and is due to be completed by 2025.<a href="#cite_note-:1-156">[156]</a> Once finished, the journey between Budapest and Belgrade is projected to be reduced to either 2 hours 40 minutes or 3 hours 30 minutes, depending on the source.<a href="#cite_note-Budapest-Belgrade_first_stone-148">[148]</a> Regarding the rolling stock, in September 2022 the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hungary" title="Government of Hungary">Hungarian Government</a> has announced the purchase of 39 + 10 trains (composed of 7 carriages each) and 50 <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> <a href="/wiki/Vectron_(locomotive)" title="Vectron (locomotive)">Vectron</a> locomotives with the purpose of upgrading up to 2/3 of the existing long-distance passenger fleet running on domestic and international <a href="/wiki/InterCity" title="InterCity">InterCity</a> services of the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_State_Railways" title="Hungarian State Railways">Hungarian State Railways</a>. The project foresees services similar to those provided by <a href="/wiki/%C3%96BB" class="mw-redirect" title="ÖBB">ÖBB's</a> <a href="/wiki/Railjet" title="Railjet">railjet</a> services running in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> as well as abroad, including between <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> (and forward to <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> or <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zurich</a>). The company plans to offer upgraded InterCity services on the following lines: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>–<a href="/wiki/Miskolc" title="Miskolc">Miskolc</a>–<a href="/wiki/Ny%C3%ADregyh%C3%A1za" title="Nyíregyháza">Nyíregyháza</a>–<a href="/wiki/Szolnok" title="Szolnok">Szolnok</a>–Budapest loop</li> <li>Budapest–<a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a></li> <li>Budapest–<a href="/wiki/Kecskem%C3%A9t" title="Kecskemét">Kecskemét</a>–<a href="/wiki/Szeged" title="Szeged">Szeged</a></li> <li>Budapest–<a href="/wiki/Gy%C5%91r" title="Győr">Győr</a>–Vienna (together with existing <a href="/wiki/Railjet" title="Railjet">ÖBB railjet</a> services)</li> <li>Budapest–<a href="/wiki/Lake_Balaton" title="Lake Balaton">Lake Balaton</a> southern shore</li> <li>Budapest–Lake Balaton northern shore (after the line's electrification)</li> <li>Budapest–<a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></li> <li>Budapest–<a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest%E2%80%93Belgrade_railway" title="Budapest–Belgrade railway">Budapest–Belgrade</a></li> <li>possible services to the states of the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Southern Balkans</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a></li></ul> The new rolling stock is capable of reaching running speeds up to 230 km/h (143 mph). However, currently the highest allowed speed limit in the country remains at 160 km/h on the Budapest–<a href="/wiki/Hegyeshalom_railway_station" title="Hegyeshalom railway station">Hegyeshalom</a> (Austrian border) line. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Poland">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Poland" title="High-speed rail in Poland">High-speed rail in Poland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polish_Pendolino_front_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Polish_Pendolino_front_2.JPG/220px-Polish_Pendolino_front_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Polish_Pendolino_front_2.JPG/330px-Polish_Pendolino_front_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Polish_Pendolino_front_2.JPG/440px-Polish_Pendolino_front_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2712" data-file-height="2004" /></a><figcaption>Polish Railways <a href="/wiki/New_Pendolino" title="New Pendolino">New Pendolino</a> in Wrocław, western Poland</figcaption></figure> Today, the main cities of Poland are linked by railway transport reaching 160 km/h (99 mph). On 14 December 2014, Polish State Railways started passenger service trains PKP <a href="/wiki/Pendolino_ED250" class="mw-redirect" title="Pendolino ED250">Pendolino ED250</a> operating 200 km/h (124 mph) speed on 80 km (50 mi) line Olszamowice-Zawiercie (part of railway line called <a href="/wiki/Central_Rail_Line_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Rail Line (Poland)">Central Trunk Line (CMK)</a> from Warsaw to Katowice). Currently it is the line with highest railway speed in Poland. Several other sections of the Central Trunk Line will soon allow speeds of 200 km/h (124 mph) (with a current speed record set up by Pendolino Train on 21 November 2013 in Poland of 293 km/h (182 mph)). According to recent plans of PKP-PLK, sections of CMK between Warsaw and Gdańsk (145 km (90 mi)) and Warsaw-Kraków (additional 80 km (50 mi)) will be added to present section from no later than December 2015. That will make about 300 km (186 mi) of railways available for speed of 200 km/h (124 mph). Other sections will start operating at 200 km/h (124 mph) in 2016. Polish Railways for many years did not possess the rolling stock to achieve speeds over 160 km/h (99 mph). <a href="/wiki/Polish_State_Railways" title="Polish State Railways">Polish Railways</a> planned to buy Pendolino trains in 1998, but the contract was cancelled the following year by the Supreme Control Chamber due to financial losses by Polish Railways. However, a new contract with Alstom Transport worth 665 million euros was signed in May 2011 and since December 2014, 20 Pendolino units service the Katowice/Kraków–Gdynia line and Wrocław/Warsaw line. However, Pendolinos in Poland are not equipped with tilting system, which would not be very useful on the flat Polish Plains. The lack of a tilting system for the Pendolino train along with choosing Alstom Transportation despite domestic train producers was a subject of broad debate in media and Polish Railways were heavily criticised for that purchase. Other current plans call for a 'Y' line that will connect <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kalisz" title="Kalisz">Kalisz</a>, with branches to <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>. The geometric layout of the line will be designed to permit speeds of 360 km/h (224 mph). Construction was planned to begin around 2014 and finish in 2019. In the centre of the city of Łódź the 'Y' line will travel through a tunnel which will link two existing railway stations. One of them, Łódź Fabryczna, will be reconstructed as an underground station, work being scheduled to start in July 2010.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> In April 2009, four companies qualified for the second phase of a public tender to prepare a feasibility study for construction of the line. In April 2010, the tender for a feasibility study was awarded to a consortium led by Spanish company Ingenieria IDOM.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> The feasibility study project was granted €80 million in subsidy from <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> The total cost of the line including construction and train sets was estimated at €6.9bn and is planned to be financed partially by EU subsidies.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> In 2019, the program of the <a href="/wiki/New_Central_Polish_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="New Central Polish Airport">Solidarity Transport Hub (STH) or Central Communication/Transport Port</a> (in Polish Centralny Port Komunikacyjny or CPK) was announced by the Polish government.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> This project envisages the construction of 2,000 km of high-speed railways as well as upgrades to 3,700 km of existing railways to connect the largest urban areas in Poland and surrounding countries. A <a href="/wiki/New_Central_Polish_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="New Central Polish Airport">new airport in central Poland</a> will serve as the main transport hub for the entire country, with travel time by rail of under 2.5 hours to nearly all major Polish cities.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> The network will also connect Poland to the planned <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="High-speed rail in the Czech Republic">high-speed railway network of the Czech Republic</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Rail_Baltica" title="Rail Baltica">Rail Baltica</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 2020, the speed limit was raised to 200 km/h (124 mph) on the line from Warsaw to <a href="/wiki/Gdynia" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_high-speed_projects">Other high-speed projects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Other high-speed projects">edit</a>]</div> Several other countries in Europe have launched or planned high-speed rail programmes. Due to geographic challenges, these projects are likely to remain national in scope for the foreseeable future, without international links to existing high-speed networks. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belarus">Belarus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Belarus">edit</a>]</div> In 2017 Belarus authorities agreed to offer land territories to Chinese corporation <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_Construction_Corporation" title="China Railway Construction Corporation">CRCC</a> for construction of a high-speed corridor between the EU and Russia through country territory. Chinese engineering companies are also interested in building highways and Russian high-speed railways running in connection with this route with possible interchange with the Moscow-Kazan high-speed corridor.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Baltics">The Baltics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: The Baltics">edit</a>]</div> A north/south <a href="/wiki/Rail_Baltica" title="Rail Baltica">Rail Baltica</a> line from <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a> has been under construction since 2019 and is planned to be in service by 2030. The line will connect Tallinn and Kaunas via <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panev%C4%97%C5%BEys" title="Panevėžys">Panevėžys</a>, while also providing connections to airports and railway terminals. The railway will be the first high-speed, 1435mm standard gauge railway in the Baltics. From Kaunas, it will be connected to the already existing high-speed network in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>. Project speeds are 249 km/h (155 mph) for passenger trains and 120 km/h (75 mph) for freight traffic. About 85% of construction costs (totalling ca. 15.3 billion €) will be covered by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, the rest will be paid jointly by the Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian governments. Indirectly the railway may also link <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, as there are plans for a Tallinn-Helsinki railway tunnel.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> The project has been surrounded with controversy in all states, mainly due to environmental concerns and the cost of the project. According to surveys conducted to Estonia, public support remains around 60%, with the percent higher amongst people living in Tallinn and amongst people with higher education, while the percent drops in rural areas. Controversy has also surrounded the choice of route, with some proposing that the railway should also go through <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>. However this has been dismissed as they are large detours, would increase the cost and bring no sufficient benefit.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Ireland">edit</a>]</div> In 2020 the Irish Government confirmed it will be launching a study into an approximately 500 km (311 mi) high-speed railway from <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a> via <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a> and <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a>,<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> which could cost around €15 billion.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portugal">Portugal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Portugal">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Portugal" title="High-speed rail in Portugal">High-speed rail in Portugal</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CPA_4009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/CPA_4009.jpg/250px-CPA_4009.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/CPA_4009.jpg/375px-CPA_4009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/CPA_4009.jpg/500px-CPA_4009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5083" data-file-height="3391" /></a><figcaption>An Alfa Pendular train when its current livery was introduced (2017)</figcaption></figure> Since the 1990s, the Italian tilting train, the <a href="/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino">Pendolino</a>, runs the <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Pendular" title="Alfa Pendular">Alfa Pendular</a> service, connecting Portugal's mainland from the north border to the <a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a>, its southern counterpart, at a speed of up to 220 km/h (137 mph). High-speed connections between Spain and Portugal have been agreed upon and planned, but initial works had yet to begin when the projects were cancelled in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-High_speed_programme_axed-186">[186]</a> The Portuguese government had approved the construction of six high-speed lines from the capital <a href="/wiki/Lisbon%E2%80%93Porto_high-speed_rail_line" title="Lisbon–Porto high-speed rail line">Lisbon to Porto</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a> to <a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Aveiro,_Portugal" title="Aveiro, Portugal">Aveiro</a> to <a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a>, from Lisbon to <a href="/wiki/Faro,_Portugal" title="Faro, Portugal">Faro</a>, from Faro to <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a> and from Lisbon to <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, bringing the two countries' capital cities within three hours of each other, at a max speed of 350 km/h (217 mph).<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> On 8 May 2010, The Portuguese Transport Minister signed off the 40-year PPP covering the construction of the Lisbon–Madrid high-speed line. The total cost was then put at €1.359bn for a double-track standard gauge line from <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Portugal%E2%80%93Spain_border" title="Portugal–Spain border">Spanish border</a>. Also included was a broad gauge line from the Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Sines" title="Port of Sines">Port of Sines</a> to the Spanish border. The line was expected to open by the end of 2013 and would reduce the journey time between Lisbon and Madrid to 2 hours 45 minutes,<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> the project however, was cancelled in March 2012.<a href="#cite_note-High_speed_programme_axed-186">[186]</a> In October 2020 the government proposed a 75-minute rail link between the country's two main cities, Lisbon and Porto.<a href="#cite_note-auto-189">[189]</a> Also, the Atlantic Axis of the Northwestern Peninsula–Eixo Atlântico do Noroeste Peninsular high-speed railway connection between Portugal and Galicia (covering all the main cities between <a href="/wiki/Set%C3%BAbal" title="Setúbal">Setúbal</a>-<a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a>) was favoured as of 2020.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Line<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-75">[75]</a></th> <th>Speed</th> <th>Length</th> <th>Expected start of revenue services </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Extremadura_high-speed_rail_line#Extension_to_Portugal" title="Madrid–Extremadura high-speed rail line">Lisbon-Évora-Spanish border</a> (to Madrid)</td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>90 km (56 mi) Évora-Elvas</td> <td>New high-speed line Évora-Elvas (90 km) to be inaugurated in 2024 with Lisbon-Bajadoz service.<a href="#cite_note-radioelvas-2023-03-191">[191]</a> Initial project cancelled in 2012,<a href="#cite_note-High_speed_programme_axed-186">[186]</a> new project Évora-Spanish border announced in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-RCampanario2017-192">[192]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lisbon%E2%80%93Porto_high-speed_rail_line" title="Lisbon–Porto high-speed rail line">Lisbon–Porto high-speed rail line</a></td> <td>300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>292 km (181 mi)</td> <td>Early project cancelled<a href="#cite_note-High_speed_programme_axed-186">[186]</a> and repurposed in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-auto-189">[189]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Porto%E2%80%93Vigo_high-speed_rail_line" title="Porto–Vigo high-speed rail line">Porto</a>–<a href="/wiki/Portugal%E2%80%93Spain_border" title="Portugal–Spain border">Spanish border</a> (to Vigo)</td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>125 km (78 mi)</td> <td>Initial project cancelled<a href="#cite_note-High_speed_programme_axed-186">[186]</a> and repurposed in 2020. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Russia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Russia" title="High-speed rail in Russia">High-speed rail in Russia</a></div> Two experimental high-speed trainsets (designed for 200 km/h (124 mph) operation) were built in 1974: locomotive-hauled RT-200 ("Russkaya Troika") and <a href="/wiki/ER-200" class="mw-redirect" title="ER-200">ER-200</a> <a href="/wiki/Electric_Multiple_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric Multiple Unit">EMU</a>. The RT-200 set made only experimental runs in 1975 and 1980 and was discontinued due to unavailability of the ChS-200 high-speed locomotive – they were only delivered later. The <a href="/wiki/ER-200" class="mw-redirect" title="ER-200">ER-200</a> <a href="/wiki/Electric_Multiple_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric Multiple Unit">EMU</a> was put into regular service in 1984. In 1992 a second <a href="/wiki/ER-200" class="mw-redirect" title="ER-200">ER-200</a> trainset was built in Riga. Both sets were in operation till 28 February 2009.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Instead of these outdated domestic trainsets, imported trainsets have been in operation since March 2009. <a href="/wiki/Siemens_Velaro" title="Siemens Velaro">Siemens Velaro</a> trainsets have operated since 2009 between <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, at speeds of up to 250 km/h (155 mph) and since 2010 between <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a> and Moscow, where service is limited to 160 km/h (99 mph). The <a href="/wiki/Karelian_Trains_Class_Sm6" class="mw-redirect" title="Karelian Trains Class Sm6">Pendolino Sm6</a>, similar to Finnish high-speed trains, began operation in 2010 between Saint Petersburg and <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> at up to 220 km/h (137 mph). In February 2010 <a href="/wiki/RZhD" class="mw-redirect" title="RZhD">RZhD</a> announced it would shortly release a proposal for a new high-speed line to be built parallel to the existing line between Saint Petersburg and Moscow due to congestion on the existing line.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> In April 2010 it was confirmed that a new Moscow–Saint Petersburg high-speed line with length of 660 km (410 mi) and running speed of up to 400 km/h (249 mph) was envisioned, cutting the journey time from 3h 45m to 2h 30m. It is expected the line to include stops at both Saint Petersburg and Moscow region airports.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> On 28 January 2011, Russia announced that the high speed rail link between Moscow and Saint Petersburg will be finished on time for the <a href="/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2018 FIFA World Cup">2018 FIFA World Cup</a>. The cost is expected to be "somewhere around" 10 to 15 billion euros, not including land purchases, said Denis Muratov, general director of High-Speed Rail Lines.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> The state will shoulder up to 70 percent of construction costs, with the remainder coming from outside investors. Most of that money is likely to come from international financial institutions, including the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="European Bank for Reconstruction and Development">European Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a>, Muratov said. <a href="/wiki/Sberbank" title="Sberbank">Sberbank</a>, <a href="/wiki/VTB_Bank" title="VTB Bank">VTB</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vnesheconombank_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vnesheconombank (Russia)">VEB</a> may also be interested. In fact, construction of this new Moscow–Saint Petersburg high-speed line didn't start.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Instead of it, on 13 May 2015 the Russian government announced that <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="China Railway Group">China Railway Group</a> Ltd will build a 400 km/h (249 mph) high speed rail link from Moscow to <a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a> by 2018 in time for the 2018 FIFA World Cup where Kazan is one of the cities that will host some of the football matches. The cost of the Moscow–Kazan link is estimated at $21.4 billion. Train travel from Moscow to Kazan, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Tatarstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Tatarstan">Republic of Tatarstan</a>, will be shortened to just 3.5 hours instead of the more than 14 hours that it takes now.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The opening date was later changed to 2020.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Line </th> <th>Speed </th> <th>Length </th> <th>Expected start of revenue services </th></tr> <tr> <td>Moscow–Kazan[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </td> <td>400 km/h (249 mph) </td> <td>770 km (478 mi) (301 km (187 mi) initial section) </td> <td>2020 (postponed after crisis) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_development">In development</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: In development">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cross_border">Cross border</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Cross border">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Countries </th> <th>Line </th> <th>Speed (km/h) </th> <th>Length </th> <th>Construction start year </th> <th>Expected start of revenue services </th></tr> <tr> <td>Austria/Italy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brenner_Base_Tunnel" title="Brenner Base Tunnel">Brenner Base Tunnel</a></td> <td rowspan="3">250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>56 km (35 mi)</td> <td>2006</td> <td>2032 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Finland/Russia/Norway </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Railway" title="Arctic Railway">Arctic Railway</a></td> <td>526 km (327 mi)</td> <td>2025+</td> <td>2030+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany/Switzerland </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe%E2%80%93Basel_high-speed_railway" title="Karlsruhe–Basel high-speed railway">Karlsruhe–Basel high-speed railway</a></td> <td>182 km (113 mi)</td> <td>1987</td> <td>1993–2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany/Czech Republic </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague%E2%80%93Dresden_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prague–Dresden railway (page does not exist)">Prague–Dresden railway</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schnellfahrstrecke_Dresden%E2%80%93Prag" class="extiw" title="de:Schnellfahrstrecke Dresden–Prag">de</a>]</td> <td>200–320 km/h (125–200 mph)</td> <td>70 km (43 mi)+</td> <td>2025</td> <td>2030–2035 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany/Denmark </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fehmarn_Belt_Fixed_Link" class="mw-redirect" title="Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link">Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link</a></td> <td rowspan="2">200 km/h (125 mph)</td> <td>18 km (11 mi)</td> <td>2021</td> <td>2029 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sweden/Denmark </td> <td><a href="/wiki/HH_Tunnel" title="HH Tunnel">HH Tunnel</a></td> <td>60 km (37 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2040 (guess) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Portugal/Spain </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lisbon%E2%80%93Madrid_high-speed_rail_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbon–Madrid high-speed rail line">Lisbon–Madrid high-speed rail line</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-75">[75]</a></td> <td>350 km/h (220 mph)</td> <td>640 km (400 mi)</td> <td>Cancelled<a href="#cite_note-High_speed_programme_axed-186">[186]</a></td> <td>2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rail_Baltica" title="Rail Baltica">Rail Baltica</a></td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>870 km (540 mi)</td> <td>2018</td> <td>2028 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Estonia/Finland </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Helsinki-Tallinn_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki-Tallinn Tunnel">Helsinki-Tallinn Tunnel</a></td> <td>Undecided</td> <td>103 km (64 mi)</td> <td>2025+</td> <td>2040 (guess) </td></tr> <tr> <td>United Kingdom/Ireland </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proposed_British_Isles_fixed_sea_link_connections" title="Proposed British Isles fixed sea link connections">Celtic Crossing</a></td> <td rowspan="2">250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>41 km (25 mi)<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> to 110 km (68 mi)<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a></td> <td>Cancelled<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a></td> <td>2030+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Portugal/Spain </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Porto%E2%80%93Vigo_high-speed_rail_line" title="Porto–Vigo high-speed rail line">Porto–Vigo high-speed rail line</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-75">[75]</a></td> <td>125 km (78 mi)</td> <td>Cancelled<a href="#cite_note-High_speed_programme_axed-186">[186]</a></td> <td>2030 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Country-specific">Country-specific</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Country-specific">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/High-speed_rail_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/High-speed rail in Europe">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 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.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}</style> <table class="wikitable sortable sticky-header"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th width="250">Line </th> <th>Speed </th> <th>Length </th> <th>Construction began to begin </th> <th>Expected start of revenue services </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Austria </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Koralm_Railway" title="Koralm Railway">Koralm Railway</a></td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>125 km (78 mi)</td> <td>2001</td> <td>2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_railway_(Austria)" class="mw-redirect" title="North railway (Austria)">North Railway</a></td> <td>200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>77.9 km (48.4 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2030 (upgrading) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Lower_Inn_Valley_railway" title="New Lower Inn Valley railway">New Lower Inn Valley railway</a> (extension)</td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>90 km (55.9 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Belgium </td> <td>Line 25N</td> <td rowspan="6">200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>20 km (12.4 mi)</td> <td>2012</td> <td>2020–2027 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgian_railway_line_50A" title="Belgian railway line 50A">Line 50A</a></td> <td>28.8 km (17.9 mi)</td> <td>2018</td> <td>Unknown (upgrading) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Line 96N</td> <td>13.6 km (8.5 mi)</td> <td>1997</td> <td>Unknown (upgrading) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9">Czech Republic </td> <td>Prague–České Budějovice</td> <td>166 km (103 mi)</td> <td>2020</td> <td>2023–2026 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Praha–Poříčany</td> <td>25.92 km (16.11 mi)</td> <td>2020</td> <td>2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brno–Přerov</td> <td>90.1 km (56.0 mi)</td> <td>2021</td> <td>2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ejpovice_Tunnel" title="Ejpovice Tunnel">Ejpovice Tunnel</a></td> <td rowspan="2">160 km/h (99 mph) (200 km/h (124 mph) planned)</td> <td>4.15 km (2.58 mi)</td> <td>2018</td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Praha–Plzeň</td> <td>102.85 km (63.91 mi)</td> <td>2016 (upgrading)</td> <td>2026 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Praha-Brno-Ostrava</td> <td>350 km/h (217 mph)</td> <td>350 km (217 mi)</td> <td>2027</td> <td>2035 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Praha-Beroun</td> <td>300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>24.7 km (15.3 mi)</td> <td>2028</td> <td>2038 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brno–Breclav</td> <td rowspan="2">350 km/h (217 mph)</td> <td rowspan="2">50 km (31.1 mi)</td> <td>2027</td> <td>2035 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hradec Králové–Polish Border</td> <td>2040</td> <td>2045 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Denmark </td> <td>Ringsted-Fehmarn railway</td> <td rowspan="2">200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>115 km (71 mi)</td> <td>2017</td> <td>2029 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ringsted-Odense railway (upgrading)</td> <td>96 km (59.7 mi)</td> <td>2023</td> <td>2029 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vestfyn_Line" title="Vestfyn Line">Kavslunde-Odense railway</a></td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>35 km (22 mi)</td> <td>2023</td> <td>2029 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Finland </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Helsinki%E2%80%93Turku_high-speed_railway" title="Helsinki–Turku high-speed railway">Helsinki–Turku high-speed railway</a></td> <td rowspan="2">300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>95 km (59.0 mi)</td> <td>(planned)</td> <td>2031 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/It%C3%A4rata" title="Itärata">East Rail Connection</a></td> <td>126 km (78 mi)</td> <td>(planned)</td> <td>2027+ </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">France </td> <td>LGV Bordeaux–Toulouse</td> <td rowspan="3">350 km/h (217 mph)</td> <td>222 km (138 mi)</td> <td>2019 (planned)</td> <td>2032 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LGV Bordeaux–Espagne (Dax to border)</td> <td>60 km (37.3 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2034 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LGV Montpellier–Perpignan</td> <td>150 km (93 mi)</td> <td>2021 (planned)</td> <td>2027+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ligne nouvelle Paris-Normandie</td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>310 km (190 mi)</td> <td>2027 (approved)</td> <td>2035+ </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="18">Germany </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe%E2%80%93Basel_high-speed_railway#Karlsruhe–Rastatt_section" title="Karlsruhe–Basel high-speed railway">Rhine Railway Karlsruhe-Rastatt</a></td> <td rowspan="2">250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>30 km (19 mi)</td> <td>2013</td> <td>2026 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe%E2%80%93Basel_high-speed_railway" title="Karlsruhe–Basel high-speed railway">Rhine Railway Offenburg-Basel</a></td> <td>120 km (75 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt%E2%80%93G%C3%B6ttingen_railway" title="Frankfurt–Göttingen railway">Kinzig Valley Railway (Hesse)</a></td> <td rowspan="2">200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>80.6 km (50.08 mi)</td> <td>2007</td> <td>2021 (upgrading) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Appenweier%E2%80%93Strasbourg_railway" title="Appenweier–Strasbourg railway">Appenweier–Strasbourg railway</a></td> <td>13.5 km (8.4 mi)</td> <td>2010</td> <td>2023 (upgrading) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt%E2%80%93Mannheim_high-speed_railway" title="Frankfurt–Mannheim high-speed railway">Frankfurt-Manheim</a></td> <td>300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>85 km (52.8 mi)</td> <td>2025</td> <td>2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oberhausen%E2%80%93Arnhem_railway" title="Oberhausen–Arnhem railway">Oberhausen–Arnhem railway</a></td> <td>200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>73 km (45.4 mi)</td> <td>2014</td> <td>Unknown (upgrading) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart%E2%80%93Wendlingen_high-speed_railway" title="Stuttgart–Wendlingen high-speed railway">Stuttgart–Wendlingen high-speed railway</a></td> <td rowspan="2">250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>25 km (15.5 mi)</td> <td>2014</td> <td>2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ulm-Augsburg high-speed railway (parallel)</td> <td>70 km (43.5 mi)</td> <td>2023</td> <td>2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hanau%E2%80%93W%C3%BCrzburg/Fulda%E2%80%93Erfurt_high-speed_railway" title="Hanau–Würzburg/Fulda–Erfurt high-speed railway">Hanau-Gelnhausen high-speed railway</a></td> <td>300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>55 km (34.2 mi)</td> <td>2025</td> <td>2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lübeck–Puttgarden railway</td> <td rowspan="3">200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>88.6 km (55.1 mi)</td> <td>2022</td> <td>2028 (upgrading) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lübeck–Hamburg railway</td> <td>62.5 km (38.8 mi)</td> <td>2020</td> <td>2027 (upgrading) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Berlin–<a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Oder)" title="Frankfurt (Oder)">Frankfurt an der Oder</a></td> <td>81.2 km (50.5 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2027 (upgrading) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bielefeld–Hannover high-speed railway</td> <td>300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>100 km (62.1 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uelzen%E2%80%93Langwedel_railway" title="Uelzen–Langwedel railway">Uelzen–Langwedel railway</a></td> <td rowspan="5">200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>97.4 km (60.5 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Regensburg%E2%80%93Passau_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Regensburg–Passau railway">Regensburg–Passau railway</a></td> <td>57.3 km (35.6 mi)</td> <td>2006</td> <td>2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Berlin%E2%80%93G%C3%B6rlitz_railway" title="Berlin–Görlitz railway">Berlin–Görlitz railway</a></td> <td>114.7 km (71.3 mi)</td> <td>2023</td> <td>2027 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wunstorf%E2%80%93Bremen_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Wunstorf–Bremen railway">Wunstorf–Bremen railway</a></td> <td>122.3 km (76.0 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2030 (upgrading approved) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stendal%E2%80%93Uelzen_railway" title="Stendal–Uelzen railway">Stendal–Uelzen railway</a></td> <td>107.5 km (66.8 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Greece </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Egnatia_Railway" title="Egnatia Railway">Egnatia Railway</a></td> <td rowspan="2">250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>565 km (351 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2028+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>route to Albania</td> <td>130 km (81 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hungary </td> <td>Serbian Border-Budapest</td> <td>200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>152 km (94 mi)</td> <td>2019</td> <td>2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ireland </td> <td>Dublin-Cork Railway</td> <td>225 km/h (140 mph)</td> <td>266 km (165 mi)</td> <td>Early 2000s</td> <td>2023+ </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Italy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brenner_Railway" title="Brenner Railway">Verona–Brenner</a><a href="#cite_note-tunnelbuilder1-16">[16]</a></td> <td rowspan="2">250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>276 km (171 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tortona%E2%80%93Genoa_high-speed_railway" title="Tortona–Genoa high-speed railway">Tortona–Genoa high-speed railway</a><a href="#cite_note-tunnelbuilder1-16">[16]</a></td> <td>53 km (32.9 mi)</td> <td>2013</td> <td>2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Naples–Foggia railway</td> <td rowspan="2">200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>194 km (121 mi)</td> <td>2012</td> <td>2026 (upgrading) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Netherlands </td> <td>Rhine Railway</td> <td>116.3 km (72.3 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lelylijn</td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>120 km (74.6 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>Before 2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Norway </td> <td>Drammen–Kobbervik</td> <td rowspan="3">250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>7.8 km (4.8 mi)</td> <td>2019</td> <td>2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nykirke-Barkåker</td> <td>13.6 km (8.5 mi)</td> <td>2020</td> <td>2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kleverud-Åkersvika</td> <td>29.7 km (18.5 mi)</td> <td>2022</td> <td>2027 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Poland </td> <td>Y-line</td> <td rowspan="3">250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>450 km (279.6 mi)</td> <td>2021 (claimed)</td> <td>2027-2030+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>CMK Północ / PKP rail line 5</td> <td>295 km (183.3 mi)</td> <td>2025+</td> <td>2030+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shortcut in PKP rail line 9</td> <td>33 km (20.5 mi)</td> <td>2020+</td> <td>2025+ </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Portugal </td> <td>Linha do Sul (another section)</td> <td>220 km/h (140 mph)</td> <td>50 km (31.1 mi)</td> <td>2015</td> <td>2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Axis</td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>374.7 km (232.8 mi)</td> <td>2015</td> <td>2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td>High-speed mainline</td> <td>300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>298 km (185 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Romania </td> <td>Bucharest-Cluj</td> <td>200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>497 km (309 mi)</td> <td>2020 (originally planned 2019)</td> <td>2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russia </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gorky_Railway" title="Gorky Railway">Gor'kovskaya Railway</a> (Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod)</td> <td>200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>421 km (262 mi)</td> <td>2021</td> <td>2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Slovakia </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dev%C3%ADnska_Nov%C3%A1_Ves" title="Devínska Nová Ves">Devínska Nová Ves</a>-Czech border</td> <td rowspan="4">200 km/h (124 mph)</td> <td>57.8 km (35.9 mi)</td> <td>2017</td> <td>2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7">Spain </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_High_Speed_Corridor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mediterranean High Speed Corridor (page does not exist)">Mediterranean High Speed Corridor</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>–<a href="/wiki/Region_of_Murcia" title="Region of Murcia">Murcia</a>–<a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencia</a>–<a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>–French border<a href="#cite_note-elpais1-74">[74]</a></td> <td>250–350 km/h (155–217 mph)</td> <td>+1,000 km (621 mi)</td> <td></td> <td>2016–2020–2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>–(<a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1ceres,_Spain" title="Cáceres, Spain">Cáceres</a>–<a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a>–<a href="/wiki/Badajoz" title="Badajoz">Badajoz</a>)–<a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-75">[75]</a></td> <td>350 km/h (217 mph)</td> <td>640 km (400 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>L.A.V. <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>–<a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a><a href="#cite_note-railwaygazette4-76">[76]</a></td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>León–Gijón high-speed rail line</td> <td>350 km/h (217 mph)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2009</td> <td>2020+ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Murcia%E2%80%93Almer%C3%ADa_high-speed_rail_line" title="Murcia–Almería high-speed rail line">Murcia–Almería high-speed rail line</a></td> <td>300 km/h (186 mph)</td> <td>184.3 km (114.5 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2026 </td></tr> <tr> <td>L.A.V. Burgos–Vitoria-Gasteiz</td> <td>350 km/h (217 mph)</td> <td>98.8 km (61.4 mi)</td> <td>2009</td> <td>2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Basque_Y" title="Basque Y">Basque Y</a></td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>175 km (109 mi)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>2027 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Switzerland </td> <td>Jura Foot Railway</td> <td>104.5 km (64.9 mi)</td> <td>Unknown (upgrading)</td> <td>2025–2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lausanne%E2%80%93Geneva_railway" title="Lausanne–Geneva railway">Lausanne–Geneva railway</a></td> <td>66.18 km (41.12 mi)</td> <td>Unknown (upgrading)</td> <td>2025–2030 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Simplon Railway</td> <td>191.41 km (118.94 mi)</td> <td>Unknown (upgrading)</td> <td>2025–2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6">Sweden </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Bothnia_Line" title="North Bothnia Line">The North Bothnia Line</a> Norrbotniabanan </td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>270 km</td> <td>August 2018 (Umeå–Dåva section)</td> <td>2024 (the rest after 2030) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Link" title="West Link">The West Link</a> Västlänken </td> <td>100 km/h (62 mph)</td> <td>6 km</td> <td>May 2018</td> <td>2026 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Link_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="East Link Project">The East Link</a> Ostlänken </td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>160 km</td> <td>2023–2024 (estimated)</td> <td>2033–2035 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Link&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Link (page does not exist)">Southeast Link</a> Sydostlänken </td> <td>160 km/h (100 mph)</td> <td>60 km</td> <td>2028–2033 (possible)</td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bor%C3%A5s" title="Borås">Borås</a> Double Tracks </td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)? </td> <td>60 km </td> <td>Not yet been decided </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4ssleholm" title="Hässleholm">Hässleholm</a>–<a href="/wiki/Lund" title="Lund">Lund</a> Four Tracks </td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)? </td> <td>60 km </td> <td>Not yet been decided </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ukraine </td> <td>Polish border-Lviv-Kyiv-Odesa</td> <td>250 km/h (155 mph)</td> <td>900 km (559 mi)</td> <td>2021 (claimed)</td> <td>2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="10">United Kingdom </td> <td><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_2" title="High Speed 2">High Speed 2</a></td> <td rowspan="2">362 km/h (225 mph)</td> <td>230 km (143 mi)</td> <td>2017</td> <td>2031 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_2" title="High Speed 2">High Speed 2</a> (phase 2)</td> <td>390 km (242 mi)</td> <td>2022 (planned)</td> <td>2040 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Powerhouse_Rail" title="Northern Powerhouse Rail">Northern Powerhouse Rail</a></td> <td>230 km/h (143 mph)</td> <td>65 km (40.4 mi)</td> <td>2022 (planned)</td> <td>2035+ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Reading%E2%80%93Taunton_line" title="Reading–Taunton line">Reading–Taunton line</a></td> <td rowspan="5">201 km/h (125 mph)</td> <td>173.21 km (107.63 mi)</td> <td rowspan="7">Unknown (proposed)</td> <td>Before 2043 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bristol%E2%80%93Exeter_line" title="Bristol–Exeter line">Bristol–Exeter line</a></td> <td>121.36 km (75.41 mi)</td> <td>Before 2043 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_West_Main_Line" title="South West Main Line">South West Main Line</a></td> <td>239.8 km (149.0 mi)</td> <td>Before 2043 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Coventry–Nuneaton-Leicester lines</td> <td>40 km (25 mi)</td> <td>Before 2036 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Crewe%E2%80%93Derby_line" title="Crewe–Derby line">Crewe–Derby line</a></td> <td>83 km (51.6 mi)</td> <td>Before 2036 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Waverley_Route" title="Waverley Route">Waverley Route</a></td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>158.1 km (98.2 mi)</td> <td>Before 2035<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Marches_line" title="Welsh Marches line">Welsh Marches line</a></td> <td>201 km/h (125 mph)</td> <td>225 km (140 mi)</td> <td>Before 2036 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milan%E2%80%93Paris_Frecciarossa" title="Milan–Paris Frecciarossa">Milan–Paris Frecciarossa</a> – a passenger railway service running between <a href="/wiki/Milano_Centrale_railway_station" title="Milano Centrale railway station">Milano Centrale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Lyon" title="Gare de Lyon">Paris Gare de Lyon</a><a href="#cite_note-:15-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Europe" title="Rail transport in Europe">Rail transport in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-European_high-speed_rail_network" title="Trans-European high-speed rail network">Trans-European high-speed rail network</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ADIF-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ADIF_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ADIF_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ADIF_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ADIF_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ADIF_1-4">e</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adifaltavelocidad.es/red-ferroviaria/red-de-alta-velocidad">"Red de Alta Velocidad"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Railway+Pro+Magazine&rft.atitle=Italy+proves+once+again+its+reliance+on+railways&rft.pages=31&rft.date=2022-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonline.fliphtml5.com%2Fylfj%2Fbnuy%2F%23p%3D33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railwaypro.com/wp/construction-launched-for-florence-high-speed-bypass/">"Construction launched for Florence high-speed bypass"</a>. RailwayPRO. 5 June 2023. 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Retrieved 28 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Italferr.it&rft.atitle=Roma%E2%80%93Firenze+%E2%80%93+Alta+Velocit%C3%A0+%E2%80%93+Alta+Capacit%C3%A0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.italferr.it%2Fcms%2Fv%2Findex.jsp%3Fvgnextoid%3Df37cdde3564ca110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141218192603/http://www.fsitaliane.it/fsi-en/GROUP/Safety-and-Technology/Frecciarossa1000%3A-the-train-of-the-future/Frecciarossa-1000-in-Figures">"Frecciarossa 1000 in Figures"</a>. Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane. 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Retrieved 24 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frecciarossa+1000+in+Figures&rft.pub=Ferrovie+dello+Stato+Italiane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsitaliane.it%2Ffsi-en%2FGROUP%2FSafety-and-Technology%2FFrecciarossa1000%3A-the-train-of-the-future%2FFrecciarossa-1000-in-Figures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/frecciarossa-1000-very-high-speed-train/">"Frecciarossa 1000 Very High-Speed Train"</a>. Railway Technology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150809032916/http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/frecciarossa-1000-very-high-speed-train">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Railway+Technology&rft.atitle=Frecciarossa+1000+Very+High-Speed+Train&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railway-technology.com%2Fprojects%2Ffrecciarossa-1000-very-high-speed-train%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/french-train-breaks-speed-record-1.650346">"French Train Breaks Speed Record"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805201116/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/french-train-breaks-speed-record-1.650346">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=French+Train+Breaks+Speed+Record&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Ffrench-train-breaks-speed-record-1.650346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hitachirail.com/products-and-solutions/rolling-stock/high-speed/">"High Speed Trains: ETR1000 – Frecciarossa"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hitachi_Rail_Italy" title="Hitachi Rail Italy">Hitachi Rail</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hitachi+Rail&rft.atitle=High+Speed+Trains%3A+ETR1000+%E2%80%93+Frecciarossa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hitachirail.com%2Fproducts-and-solutions%2Frolling-stock%2Fhigh-speed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FS_Frecciarossa_1000-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FS_Frecciarossa_1000_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FS_Frecciarossa_1000_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fsitaliane.it/content/fsitaliane/en/innovation/transport-technology/frecciarossa-1000.html">"Frecciarossa 1000: Trenitalia High Speed trains speeding toward the future"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato_Italiane" title="Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane">Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ferrovie+dello+Stato+Italiane&rft.atitle=Frecciarossa+1000%3A+Trenitalia+High+Speed+trains+speeding+toward+the+future&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsitaliane.it%2Fcontent%2Ffsitaliane%2Fen%2Finnovation%2Ftransport-technology%2Ffrecciarossa-1000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fsnews.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=b613074512ad9310VgnVCM1000008916f90aRCRD">"Frecciarossa 1000: tempi di viaggio di un'ora e 59 minuti tra Milano Rogoredo e Roma Tiburtina – Notizie"</a>. FSNews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130527133701/http://www.fsnews.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=b613074512ad9310VgnVCM1000008916f90aRCRD">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FSNews&rft.atitle=Frecciarossa+1000%3A+tempi+di+viaggio+di+un%27ora+e+59+minuti+tra+Milano+Rogoredo+e+Roma+Tiburtina+%E2%80%93+Notizie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsnews.it%2Fcms%2Fv%2Findex.jsp%3Fvgnextoid%3Db613074512ad9310VgnVCM1000008916f90aRCRD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ferrovie.it/portale/articoli/1855">"Il Frecciarossa 1000 è ancora da record"</a>. Ferrovie.it. 26 February 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ferrovie.it&rft.atitle=Il+Frecciarossa+1000+%C3%A8+ancora+da+record&rft.date=2016-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ferrovie.it%2Fportale%2Farticoli%2F1855&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.repubblica.it/economia/2018/05/28/news/alta_velocita_addio_ai_350_all_ora_il_ministero_blocca_i_test-197543601/">"Alta velocità, addio ai 350 all'ora: il ministero chiude il dossier"</a>. <a href="/wiki/La_Repubblica" title="La Repubblica">la Repubblica</a> (in Italian). 28 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330011139/https://www.repubblica.it/economia/2018/05/28/news/alta_velocita_addio_ai_350_all_ora_il_ministero_blocca_i_test-197543601/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=la+Repubblica&rft.atitle=Alta+velocit%C3%A0%2C+addio+ai+350+all%27ora%3A+il+ministero+chiude+il+dossier&rft.date=2018-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.repubblica.it%2Feconomia%2F2018%2F05%2F28%2Fnews%2Falta_velocita_addio_ai_350_all_ora_il_ministero_blocca_i_test-197543601%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/high-speed/rfi-fined-for-discrimination-in-planning-for-360km-h-operation/">"RFI fined for discrimination in planning for 360km/h operation"</a>. International Railway Journal. 8 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201007151500/https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/high-speed/rfi-fined-for-discrimination-in-planning-for-360km-h-operation/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Railway+Journal&rft.atitle=RFI+fined+for+discrimination+in+planning+for+360km%2Fh+operation&rft.date=2018-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railjournal.com%2Fpassenger%2Fhigh-speed%2Frfi-fined-for-discrimination-in-planning-for-360km-h-operation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FS355record-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FS355record_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corriere.it/cronache/09_febbraio_04/treno_record_galleria_8806fdfa-f2ce-11dd-8878-00144f02aabc.shtml">"Due record in prova per il Frecciarossa"</a> (in Italian). Repubblica. 4 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Due+record+in+prova+per+il+Frecciarossa&rft.pub=Repubblica&rft.date=2009-02-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corriere.it%2Fcronache%2F09_febbraio_04%2Ftreno_record_galleria_8806fdfa-f2ce-11dd-8878-00144f02aabc.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Marco Morino: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/impresa-e-territori/2014-08-07/all-expo-il-frecciarossa-1000--113630.shtml?uuid=ABuApBiB">All'Expo con il Frecciarossa 1000</a> Il Sole 24 Ore, 7 August 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/high-speed/italy-rejects-plans-to-increase-speed-to-350km-h/">"Italy rejects plans to increase speed to 350km/h"</a>. International Railway Journal. 31 May 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Railway+Journal&rft.atitle=Italy+rejects+plans+to+increase+speed+to+350km%2Fh&rft.date=2018-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railjournal.com%2Fpassenger%2Fhigh-speed%2Fitaly-rejects-plans-to-increase-speed-to-350km-h%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/high-speed/rfi-fined-for-discrimination-in-planning-for-360km-h-operation/">"RFI fined for discrimination in planning for 360km/h operation"</a>. International Railway Journal. 8 August 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Railway+Journal&rft.atitle=RFI+fined+for+discrimination+in+planning+for+360km%2Fh+operation&rft.date=2018-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railjournal.com%2Fpassenger%2Fhigh-speed%2Frfi-fined-for-discrimination-in-planning-for-360km-h-operation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Lucio Cillis: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.repubblica.it/economia/2018/05/28/news/alta_velocita_addio_ai_350_all_ora_il_ministero_blocca_i_test-197543601/?ref=RHPPBT-VE-I0-C6-P10-S1.6-T1">[1]</a> Repubblica Affari e Finanza, 2018-05-28 </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Substantial travel time differences between the French TGV (around 80 minutes) and Italian high speed trains (around 50 minutes) (Both non-stop times). This time difference of 30 minutes can only be caused by the TGV taking the slower classic route. The fast regional trains who do not take the high speed take only slightly a bit longer, but they have more stops. There is one TGV that stops in Novara with only marginal extra time. It is not possible to stop in Novara without using the Novara - Milan old classic line. Consulted 2017 and 2016 timetables. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trenitalia.com/tcom/Le-Frecce/Collegamenti-e-servizi-Frecciarossa">"Viaggia con i treni Frecciarossa e acquista il biglietti a prezzi scontati - Le Frecce - Trenitalia"</a>. trenitalia.com (in Italian). Retrieved 14 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=trenitalia.com&rft.atitle=Viaggia+con+i+treni+Frecciarossa+e+acquista+il+biglietti+a+prezzi+scontati+-+Le+Frecce+-+Trenitalia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trenitalia.com%2Ftcom%2FLe-Frecce%2FCollegamenti-e-servizi-Frecciarossa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ferrovie.info/index.php/it/13-treni-reali/17310-ferrovie-ecco-il-progetto-della-av-ac-salerno-reggio-calabria">"Ferrovie: Ecco il progetto della AV/AC Salerno-Reggio Calabria"</a> (in Italian). Retrieved 8 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ferrovie%3A+Ecco+il+progetto+della+AV%2FAC+Salerno-Reggio+Calabria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ferrovie.info%2Findex.php%2Fit%2F13-treni-reali%2F17310-ferrovie-ecco-il-progetto-della-av-ac-salerno-reggio-calabria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citynow.it/alta-velocita-ferroviaria-sa-rc-come-cambiano-scenari-foto-social-ponte-stretto/">"Alta velocità ferroviaria SA-RC, come cambiano gli scenari"</a> (in Italian). 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Retrieved 28 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Railway+Gazette+International&rft.atitle=High+speed+concession+plan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaygazette.com%2Fnews%2Fsingle-view%2Fview%2F10%2Fhigh-speed-concession-plan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LeonsTagebuch-77"><a href="#cite_ref-LeonsTagebuch_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/leon/conexion-linea-atocha-chamartin-abrira-paso-trenes-leon-sur/202105210133312114935.html">"La conexión de la línea de Atocha a Chamartín abrirá paso a los trenes de León al sur"</a>. 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Retrieved 23 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Diario+de+Leon&rft.atitle=La+conexi%C3%B3n+de+la+l%C3%ADnea+de+Atocha+a+Chamart%C3%ADn+abrir%C3%A1+paso+a+los+trenes+de+Le%C3%B3n+al+sur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diariodeleon.es%2Farticulo%2Fleon%2Fconexion-linea-atocha-chamartin-abrira-paso-trenes-leon-sur%2F202105210133312114935.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120326192022/http://noticias.terra.es/2011/local/0202/actualidad/renfe-invertira-30-millones-en-reciclar-diez-trenes-ave-para-explotar-la-linea-madrid-paris.aspx">"Renfe invertirá 30 millones en 'reciclar' diez trenes AVE para explotar la línea Madrid-París"</a> [Renfe will invest 30 million in 'recycling' ten AVE trains to operate the Madrid-Paris line]. 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Retrieved 7 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Railway+Gazette+International&rft.atitle=NS+Hispeed+launches+HSL-Zuid+services&rft.date=2009-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaygazette.com%2Fnews%2Fsingle-view%2Fview%2F10%2Fns-hispeed-launches-hsl-zuid-services.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFunnekotter" class="citation web cs1">Funnekotter, Bart. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrc.nl/">"NRC - Nieuws, achtergronden en onderzoeksjournalistiek"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NRC_Handelsblad" class="mw-redirect" title="NRC Handelsblad">NRC Handelsblad</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191210155435/https://www.nrc.nl/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NRC+Handelsblad&rft.atitle=NRC+-+Nieuws%2C+achtergronden+en+onderzoeksjournalistiek&rft.aulast=Funnekotter&rft.aufirst=Bart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrc.nl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200329105401/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/ministeries/ministerie-van-infrastructuur-en-waterstaat">"Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu: Cabinet position HSL Oost"</a>. Verkeer En Waterstaat. 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Thomas Telford. 1993. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-727719393" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-727719393"><bdi>978-0-727719393</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211230235955/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZuKO5CY4udEC&q=CHANNELTUNNEL+200+KM%2FH&pg=PA33">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2021. 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Railbaltic.info. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://railbaltic.info/et/projektist-rail-baltic/kkk">the original</a> on 13 July 2017. 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Retrieved 13 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=railbaltic.info&rft.atitle=Elanike+toetus+Rail+Balticule+p%C3%BCsib+ligikaudu+60%25+juures&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frailbaltic.info%2Fet%2F10-ee-sisu%2F490-elanike-toetus-rail-balticule-puesib-ligikaudu-60-juures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/high-speed/study-to-investigate-belfast-dublin-cork-high-speed-line/">"Study to investigate Belfast–Dublin–Cork high-speed line"</a>. International Railway Journal. 4 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928091349/https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/high-speed/study-to-investigate-belfast-dublin-cork-high-speed-line/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Railway+Journal&rft.atitle=Study+to+investigate+Belfast%E2%80%93Dublin%E2%80%93Cork+high-speed+line&rft.date=2020-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railjournal.com%2Fpassenger%2Fhigh-speed%2Fstudy-to-investigate-belfast-dublin-cork-high-speed-line%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/review-of-15bn-high-speed-rail-line-linking-dublin-belfast-cork-1.4321928?mode=amp">"Review of €15bn high-speed rail line linking Dublin, Belfast, Cork"</a>. 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Railway Gazette International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502033347/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/infrastructure/single-view/view/high-speed-programme-axed.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Railway+Gazette+International&rft.atitle=High+speed+programme+axed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaygazette.com%2Fnews%2Finfrastructure%2Fsingle-view%2Fview%2Fhigh-speed-programme-axed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGusiluz2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gusiluz (19 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geotren.es/blog/linea-de-alta-velocidad-mixta-madrid-lisboa/">"Línea de alta velocidad mixta Madrid-Lisboa"</a>. Geotren (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201220074653/https://www.geotren.es/blog/linea-de-alta-velocidad-mixta-madrid-lisboa/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2020. 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Rádio e Televisão de Portugal. 22 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211116163727/https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/economia/governo-quer-linha-ferroviaria-de-alta-velocidade-entre-lisboa-e-porto_a1269081">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2021. 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Rádio Campanário. 26 October 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=R%C3%A1dio+Campan%C3%A1rio&rft.atitle=Conhe%C3%A7a+o+tra%C3%A7ado+da+Linha+F%C3%A9rrea+%C3%89vora+%E2%80%93+Caia&rft.date=2017-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiocampanario.com%2Fultimas%2Fregional%2Fconheca-o-tracado-da-linha-ferrea-evora-caia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-speed+rail+in+Europe" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spbgid.ru/index.php?news=172552">"В последний день февраля скоростной поезд ЭР-200, 25 лет курсировавший между Петербургом и Москвой, совершил свой последний рейс. Теперь его заменит скоростной поезд 'Сапсан', построенный немецким концерном Siemens"</a>. Spbgid.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073705/http://www.spbgid.ru/index.php?news=172552">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2016. 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="High-speed_rail" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:High-speed_rail" title="Template:High-speed rail"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:High-speed_rail" title="Template talk:High-speed rail"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:High-speed_rail" title="Special:EditPage/Template:High-speed rail"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="High-speed_rail" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">High-speed rail</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">rail transport</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail#Technologies" title="High-speed rail">Technologies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">Conventional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovertrain" title="Hovertrain">Hovertrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperloop" title="Hyperloop">Hyperloop</a>/<a href="/wiki/Vactrain" title="Vactrain">Vactrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maglev" title="Maglev">Maglev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_high-speed_trains" title="List of high-speed trains">High-speed trains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee;">350 km/h (217 mph) or more</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CR400AF" title="China Railway CR400AF">China Railway CR400AF</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CR400BF" title="China Railway CR400BF">CR400BF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transrapid" title="Transrapid">Transrapid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L0_Series" title="L0 Series">Shinkansen Series L0</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee;">300–349 km/h (186–217 mph)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renfe_Class_100" title="Renfe Class 100">Renfe Class 100, 101</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renfe_Class_102" title="Renfe Class 102">102</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renfe_Class_103" title="Renfe Class 103">103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGV_(train)" title="AGV (train)">Alstom AGV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexie_(train)" title="Hexie (train)">China Railway Hexie</a> <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH2" title="China Railway CRH2">CRH2C</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH3" title="China Railway CRH3">3C</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH380A" title="China Railway CRH380A">380A</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vibrant_Express" title="Vibrant Express">MTR CRH380A</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH3" title="China Railway CRH3">380B</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH3" title="China Railway CRH3">380C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Zefiro#Zefiro_380" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier Zefiro">380D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FS_Class_ETR_500" title="FS Class ETR 500">ETR 500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frecciarossa_1000" title="Frecciarossa 1000">ETR 400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_373" title="British Rail Class 373">Eurostar e300</a>; <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_374" title="British Rail Class 374">e320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICE_3" title="ICE 3">ICE 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTX-I" title="KTX-I">KTX-I</a>, <a href="/wiki/KTX-Sancheon" title="KTX-Sancheon">II (Sancheon)</a>, <a href="/wiki/KTX-Cheongryong" title="KTX-Cheongryong">KTX-Cheongryong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAF_Oaris" title="CAF Oaris">Oaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBKA" title="PBKA">PBKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/500_Series_Shinkansen" title="500 Series Shinkansen">Shinkansen Series 500</a>, <a href="/wiki/N700_Series_Shinkansen" title="N700 Series Shinkansen">N700</a>, <a href="/wiki/N700S_Series_Shinkansen" title="N700S Series Shinkansen">N700S</a>, <a href="/wiki/E5_and_H5_Series_Shinkansen" title="E5 and H5 Series Shinkansen">E5/H5</a>, <a href="/wiki/E6_Series_Shinkansen" title="E6 Series Shinkansen">E6</a>, <a href="/wiki/E8_Series_Shinkansen" title="E8 Series Shinkansen">E8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talgo_AVRIL" title="Talgo AVRIL">AVRIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNCF_TGV_Sud-Est" title="SNCF TGV Sud-Est">TGV Sud-Est (refurbished)</a>, <a href="/wiki/SNCF_TGV_Atlantique" title="SNCF TGV Atlantique">Atlantique</a>, <a href="/wiki/SNCF_TGV_R%C3%A9seau" title="SNCF TGV Réseau">Réseau</a> (PBA), <a href="/wiki/TGV_Duplex" title="TGV Duplex">Duplex</a>, <a href="/wiki/SNCF_TGV_POS" class="mw-redirect" title="SNCF TGV POS">POS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euroduplex" title="Euroduplex">2N2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avelia_Horizon" title="Avelia Horizon">M (Avelia Horizon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCDD_HT80000" title="TCDD HT80000">TCDD HT80000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THSR_700T" title="THSR 700T">THSR 700T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_Velaro" title="Siemens Velaro">Siemens Velaro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee;">250–299 km/h (155–186 mph)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avelia_Liberty" title="Avelia Liberty">Avelia Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="China Star">China Star</a>, <a href="/wiki/DJF2" class="mw-redirect" title="DJF2">DJF2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hexie_(train)" title="Hexie (train)">China Railway Hexie</a> <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH1" title="China Railway CRH1">CRH1A, 1B, 1E</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH2" title="China Railway CRH2">2A, 2B, 2E, 2G</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH3" title="China Railway CRH3">3A</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH5" title="China Railway CRH5">5A, 5E, 5G</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuxing_(train)" title="Fuxing (train)">China Railway Fuxing CR300AF, CR300BF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercity_Express" title="Intercity Express">ICE</a> <a href="/wiki/ICE_1" title="ICE 1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICE_2" title="ICE 2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICE_4_(Deutsche_Bahn)" class="mw-redirect" title="ICE 4 (Deutsche Bahn)">4</a> (ICx)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTX-Eum" title="KTX-Eum">KTX-Eum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Pendolino" title="New Pendolino">New Pendolino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renfe_Class_120_/_121" title="Renfe Class 120 / 121">Renfe Class 120, 121</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renfe_Class_130" title="Renfe Class 130">130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapsan" title="Sapsan">Sapsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBB-CFF-FFS_RABe_501" class="mw-redirect" title="SBB-CFF-FFS RABe 501">SBB RABe 501</a>, <a href="/wiki/SBB-CFF-FFS_RABe_503" class="mw-redirect" title="SBB-CFF-FFS RABe 503">RABe 503</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/200_Series_Shinkansen" title="200 Series Shinkansen">Shinkansen Series 200</a>, <a href="/wiki/300_Series_Shinkansen" title="300 Series Shinkansen">300</a>, <a href="/wiki/700_Series_Shinkansen" title="700 Series Shinkansen">700</a>, <a href="/wiki/800_Series_Shinkansen" title="800 Series Shinkansen">800</a>, <a href="/wiki/E2_Series_Shinkansen" title="E2 Series Shinkansen">E2</a>, <a href="/wiki/E3_Series_Shinkansen" title="E3 Series Shinkansen">E3</a>, <a href="/wiki/E7_and_W7_Series_Shinkansen" title="E7 and W7 Series Shinkansen">E7/W7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCDD_HT65000" title="TCDD HT65000">TCDD HT65000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNCF_TGV_Sud-Est" title="SNCF TGV Sud-Est">TGV Sud-Est (original)</a>, <a href="/wiki/SNCF_TGV_La_Poste" title="SNCF TGV La Poste">La Poste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AnsaldoBreda_V250" title="AnsaldoBreda V250">V250</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee;">200–249 km/h (124–155 mph)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acela_Express_(trainset)" title="Acela Express (trainset)">Acela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_ACS-64" title="Siemens ACS-64">ACS-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_180" title="British Rail Class 180">Adelante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Passenger_Train" title="Advanced Passenger Train">APT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Railway_DJJ1" title="China Railway DJJ1">China Railway DJJ1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hexie_(train)" title="Hexie (train)">China Railway Hexie</a> <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH6" title="China Railway CRH6">CRH6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuxing_(train)" title="Fuxing (train)">China Railway Fuxing</a> <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CR200J" title="China Railway CR200J">CR200J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ER200" title="ER200">ER200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardier-Alstom_HHP-8" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier-Alstom HHP-8">HHP-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IC4" title="IC4">IC4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NS_Intercity_Nieuwe_Generatie" title="NS Intercity Nieuwe Generatie">ICNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterCity_125" title="InterCity 125">InterCity 125</a>, <a href="/wiki/InterCity_225" title="InterCity 225">225</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICE_T" title="ICE T">ICE T</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICE_TD" title="ICE TD">TD</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICE_L" title="ICE L">ICE L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_395" title="British Rail Class 395">Javelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSB_Class_71" title="NSB Class 71">NSB Class 71 (Flytoget)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSB_Class_73" title="NSB Class 73">NSB Class 73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadler_Flirt" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadler Flirt">NSB Class 74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino">Pendolino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railjet" title="Railjet">Railjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Regina" title="Bombardier Regina">Regina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen" title="0 Series Shinkansen">Shinkansen series 0</a>, <a href="/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen" title="100 Series Shinkansen">100</a>, <a href="/wiki/400_Series_Shinkansen" title="400 Series Shinkansen">400</a>, <a href="/wiki/E1_Series_Shinkansen" title="E1 Series Shinkansen">E1</a>, <a href="/wiki/E4_Series_Shinkansen" title="E4 Series Shinkansen">E4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBB_RABDe_500" title="SBB RABDe 500">SBB RABDe 500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBB-CFF-FFS_Re_460" title="SBB-CFF-FFS Re 460">Re 460</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_Charger" title="Siemens Charger">SC-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_Charger" title="Siemens Charger">SCB-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_2000" title="X 2000">X 2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/SJ_X40" title="SJ X40">SJ X40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-TER_(Z_21500)" title="Z-TER (Z 21500)">Z-TER (Z 21500)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokol_(train)" title="Sokol (train)">Sokol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_800" title="British Rail Class 800">British Rail Classes 800</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_801" title="British Rail Class 801">801</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_802" title="British Rail Class 802">802</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_803" title="British Rail Class 803">803</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_805" title="British Rail Class 805">805</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_807" title="British Rail Class 807">807</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_810" title="British Rail Class 810">810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talgo_XXI" class="mw-redirect" title="Talgo XXI">Talgo XXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Voyager" title="Bombardier Voyager">Voyager/Meridian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X3_(train)" title="X3 (train)">X3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Experimental_and_prototype_high-speed_trains" title="Category:Experimental and prototype high-speed trains">Experimental and prototype high-speed trains (category)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="High-speed railway line">High-speed railway line</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_high-speed_railway_lines" title="List of high-speed railway lines">List of high-speed railway lines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By countries and territories planned networks in italics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Boraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Boraq">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Egypt" title="High-speed rail in Egypt">Egypt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee;">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires%E2%80%93Rosario%E2%80%93C%C3%B3rdoba_high-speed_railway" title="Buenos Aires–Rosario–Córdoba high-speed railway">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Brazil" title="High-speed rail in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Canada" title="High-speed rail in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Mexico" title="High-speed rail in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_the_United_States" title="High-speed rail in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee;"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="High-speed rail in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_China" title="High-speed rail in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Express_Rail_Link" title="Hong Kong Express Rail Link">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_India" title="High-speed rail in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Indonesia" title="High-speed rail in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran%E2%80%93Qom%E2%80%93Isfahan_High_Speed_Rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran–Qom–Isfahan High Speed Rail">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad%E2%80%93Basra_high-speed_rail_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad–Basra high-speed rail line">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinkansen" title="Shinkansen">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Kazakhstan" title="High-speed rail in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_South_Korea" title="High-speed rail in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haramain_high-speed_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haramain high-speed railway">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_High_Speed_Rail" title="Taiwan High Speed Rail">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Thailand" title="High-speed rail in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Turkey" title="High-speed rail in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Uzbekistan" title="High-speed rail in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_express_railway_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="North–South express railway (Vietnam)">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Austria" title="High-speed rail in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Belgium" title="High-speed rail in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Croatia" title="High-speed rail in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="High-speed rail in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Denmark" title="High-speed rail in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Finland" title="High-speed rail in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_France" title="High-speed rail in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Germany" title="High-speed rail in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="High-speed rail in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Italy" title="High-speed rail in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Latvia" title="High-speed rail in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_the_Netherlands" title="High-speed rail in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Norway" title="High-speed rail in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Poland" title="High-speed rail in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Portugal" title="High-speed rail in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Russia" title="High-speed rail in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Spain" title="High-speed rail in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Sweden" title="High-speed rail in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Switzerland" title="High-speed rail in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara%E2%80%93Istanbul_high-speed_railway" title="Ankara–Istanbul high-speed railway">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="High-speed rail in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee;">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Australia" title="High-speed rail in Australia">Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_high-speed_rail_by_country" title="Proposed high-speed rail by country">Proposed high-speed rail by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="High-speed_railway_lines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:High-speed_railway_lines" title="Template:High-speed railway lines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:High-speed_railway_lines" title="Template talk:High-speed railway lines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:High-speed_railway_lines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:High-speed railway lines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="High-speed_railway_lines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_high-speed_railway_lines" title="List of high-speed railway lines">High-speed railway lines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">High-speed rail</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:High-speed_rail_by_country" title="Category:High-speed rail by country">High-speed rail by country</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:High_speed_rail" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:High speed rail">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Morocco" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Morocco</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Boraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Boraq">Casablanca–Tangier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="High-speed rail in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_China" title="High-speed rail in China">China</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_corridor" title="Coastal corridor">Coastal corridor</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Shanghai_high-speed_railway" title="Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway">Beijing–Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Hong_Kong_(Taipei)_corridor" title="Beijing–Hong Kong (Taipei) corridor">Beijing–Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Harbin,_Beijing%E2%80%93Hong_Kong_(Macau)_corridor" title="Beijing–Harbin, Beijing–Hong Kong (Macau) corridor">Harbin–Hong Kong (Macau)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou%E2%80%93Shenzhen%E2%80%93Hong_Kong_Express_Rail_Link" title="Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link">Guangzhou–Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohhot%E2%80%93Nanning_corridor" title="Hohhot–Nanning corridor">Hohhot–Nanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Kunming_corridor" title="Beijing–Kunming corridor">Beijing–Kunming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou_(Xining)%E2%80%93Guangzhou_corridor" title="Lanzhou (Xining)–Guangzhou corridor">Lanzhou (Xining)–Guangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suifenhe%E2%80%93Manzhouli_corridor" title="Suifenhe–Manzhouli corridor">Suifenhe–Manzhouli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Lanzhou_corridor" title="Beijing–Lanzhou corridor">Beijing–Lanzhou</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao%E2%80%93Yinchuan_corridor" title="Qingdao–Yinchuan corridor">Qingdao–Yinchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia_Continental_Bridge_corridor" title="Eurasia Continental Bridge corridor">Lianyungang–Ürümqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai%E2%80%93Wuhan%E2%80%93Chengdu_high-speed_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu high-speed railway">Shanghai–Chengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai%E2%80%93Kunming_high-speed_railway" title="Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway">Shanghai–Kunming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou%E2%80%93Kunming_high-speed_railway" title="Guangzhou–Kunming high-speed railway">Guangzhou–Kunming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Indonesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Indonesia" title="High-speed rail in Indonesia">Whoosh HSR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Shinkansen" title="Shinkansen">Japan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hokkaido_Shinkansen" title="Hokkaido Shinkansen">Hokkaido Shinkansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokuriku_Shinkansen" title="Hokuriku Shinkansen">Hokuriku Shinkansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Detsu_Shinkansen" title="Jōetsu Shinkansen">Jōetsu Shinkansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_Shinkansen" title="Kyushu Shinkansen">Kyushu Shinkansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishi_Kyushu_Shinkansen" title="Nishi Kyushu Shinkansen">Nishi Kyushu Shinkansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San%27y%C5%8D_Shinkansen" title="San'yō Shinkansen">San'yō Shinkansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dhoku_Shinkansen" title="Tōhoku Shinkansen">Tōhoku Shinkansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokaido_Shinkansen" title="Tokaido Shinkansen">Tōkaidō Shinkansen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Saudi Arabia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haramain_High_Speed_Railway" title="Haramain High Speed Railway">Haramain HSR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_South_Korea" title="High-speed rail in South Korea">South Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gyeongbu_high-speed_railway" title="Gyeongbu high-speed railway">Gyeongbu HSR Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honam_high-speed_railway" title="Honam high-speed railway">Honam HSR Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suseo%E2%80%93Pyeongtaek_high-speed_railway" title="Suseo–Pyeongtaek high-speed railway">Suseo–Pyeongtaek HSR Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyeonggang_Line" title="Gyeonggang Line">Gyeonggang Line (Wonju-Gangneung)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungang_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungang Line">Jungang Line (Cheongnyangni-Dodam)</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Taiwan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_High_Speed_Rail" title="Taiwan High Speed Rail">Taiwan HSR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%BCksek_H%C4%B1zl%C4%B1_Tren" title="Yüksek Hızlı Tren">Turkey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankara%E2%80%93Istanbul_high-speed_railway" title="Ankara–Istanbul high-speed railway">Ankara–Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara%E2%80%93Sivas_high-speed_railway" title="Ankara–Sivas high-speed railway">Ankara–Sivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polatl%C4%B1%E2%80%93Konya_high-speed_railway" title="Polatlı–Konya high-speed railway">Polatlı–Konya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konya%E2%80%93Yenice_railway" title="Konya–Yenice railway">Konya–Karaman</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Uzbekistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tashkent%E2%80%93Samarkand_high-speed_rail_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Tashkent–Samarkand high-speed rail line">Tashkent–Samarkand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarkand%E2%80%93Bukhara_high-speed_rail_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarkand–Bukhara high-speed rail line">Samarkand–Bukhara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Belgium" title="High-speed rail in Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HSL_1" title="HSL 1">HSL 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSL_2" title="HSL 2">HSL 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSL_3" title="HSL 3">HSL 3</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSL_4" title="HSL 4">HSL 4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Denmark" title="High-speed rail in Denmark">Denmark</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen%E2%80%93Ringsted_Line" title="Copenhagen–Ringsted Line">Copenhagen–Ringsted</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Finland" title="High-speed rail in Finland">Finland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Sm3" title="VR Class Sm3">Kerava-Lahti</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegro_(train)" title="Allegro (train)">St. Petersburg-Helsinki</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_France" title="High-speed rail in France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGV_Atlantique" title="LGV Atlantique">LGV Atlantique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGV_Bretagne-Pays_de_la_Loire" title="LGV Bretagne-Pays de la Loire">LGV Bretagne-Pays de la Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGV_Est" title="LGV Est">LGV Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGV_Interconnexion_Est" title="LGV Interconnexion Est">LGV Interconnexion Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGV_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e" title="LGV Méditerranée">LGV Méditerranée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGV_Nord" title="LGV Nord">LGV Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGV_Rhin-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="LGV Rhin-Rhône">LGV Rhin-Rhône</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGV_Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="LGV Rhône-Alpes">LGV Rhône-Alpes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGV_Sud-Est" title="LGV Sud-Est">LGV Sud-Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGV_Sud_Europe_Atlantique" title="LGV Sud Europe Atlantique">LGV Sud Europe Atlantique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan%E2%80%93Barcelona_high-speed_rail_line" title="Perpignan–Barcelona high-speed rail line">LGV Perpignan–Barcelona</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Germany" title="High-speed rail in Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cologne%E2%80%93Aachen_high-speed_railway" title="Cologne–Aachen high-speed railway">Cologne–Düren</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne%E2%80%93Frankfurt_high-speed_rail_line" title="Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line">Cologne–Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt%E2%80%93Leipzig/Halle_high-speed_railway" title="Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway">Erfurt–Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover%E2%80%93W%C3%BCrzburg_high-speed_railway" title="Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway">Hanover–Würzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannheim%E2%80%93Stuttgart_high-speed_railway" title="Mannheim–Stuttgart high-speed railway">Mannheim–Stuttgart</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg%E2%80%93Ingolstadt_high-speed_railway" title="Nuremberg–Ingolstadt high-speed railway">Nuremberg–Ingolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg%E2%80%93Erfurt_high-speed_railway" title="Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway">Nuremberg–Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe%E2%80%93Basel_high-speed_railway" title="Karlsruhe–Basel high-speed railway">Rastatt–Offenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendlingen%E2%80%93Ulm_high-speed_railway" title="Wendlingen–Ulm high-speed railway">Wendlingen–Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover%E2%80%93Berlin_high-speed_railway" title="Hanover–Berlin high-speed railway">Wolfsburg–Berlin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="High-speed rail in Greece">Greece</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piraeus%E2%80%93Platy_railway" title="Piraeus–Platy railway">Athens–Thessaloniki</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Italy" title="High-speed rail in Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bologna%E2%80%93Florence_high-speed_railway" title="Bologna–Florence high-speed railway">Bologna–Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence%E2%80%93Rome_high-speed_railway" title="Florence–Rome high-speed railway">Florence–Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan%E2%80%93Bologna_high-speed_railway" title="Milan–Bologna high-speed railway">Milan–Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan%E2%80%93Verona_high-speed_railway" title="Milan–Verona high-speed railway">Milan–Verona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples%E2%80%93Salerno_high-speed_railway" title="Naples–Salerno high-speed railway">Naples–Salerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome%E2%80%93Naples_high-speed_railway" title="Rome–Naples high-speed railway">Rome–Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin%E2%80%93Milan_high-speed_railway" title="Turin–Milan high-speed railway">Turin–Milan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_the_Netherlands" title="High-speed rail in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HSL-Zuid" title="HSL-Zuid">HSL-Zuid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Norway" title="High-speed rail in Norway">Norway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gardermoen_Line" title="Gardermoen Line">Gardermoen Line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Poland" title="High-speed rail in Poland">Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Grodzisk_Mazowiecki%E2%80%93Zawiercie_railway" title="Grodzisk Mazowiecki–Zawiercie railway">Grodzisk–Zawiercie</a>*</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sapsan" title="Sapsan">Moscow–St.Petersburg</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegro_(train)" title="Allegro (train)">St. Petersburg-Helsinki</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Spain" title="High-speed rail in Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Axis_high-speed_rail_line" title="Atlantic Axis high-speed rail line">Atlantic Axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Galicia_high-speed_rail_line" title="Madrid–Galicia high-speed rail line">Madrid–Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Extremadura_high-speed_rail_line" title="Madrid–Extremadura high-speed rail line">Madrid–Extremadura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan%E2%80%93Barcelona_high-speed_rail_line" title="Perpignan–Barcelona high-speed rail line">Barcelona–Perpignan</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Barcelona_high-speed_rail_line" title="Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line">Madrid–Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Le%C3%B3n_high-speed_rail_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid–León high-speed rail line">Madrid–León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93M%C3%A1laga_high-speed_rail_line" title="Madrid–Málaga high-speed rail line"> Madrid–Malaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Seville_high-speed_rail_line" title="Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line">Madrid–Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Toledo_high-speed_rail_line" title="Madrid–Toledo high-speed rail line">Madrid–Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Levante_high-speed_rail_network" title="Madrid–Levante high-speed rail network">Madrid–Levante</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Sweden" title="High-speed rail in Sweden">Sweden</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bothnia_Line" title="Bothnia Line">Bothnia Line</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="High-speed rail in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_1" title="High Speed 1">High Speed 1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Corridor" title="Northeast Corridor">Northeast Corridor</a>*</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">None</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">None </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* An asterisk indicates overlap with conventional services.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&oldid=1257967381">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_Europe&oldid=1257967381</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a 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