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1881 — Wikipédia
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class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1881</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> année du XIXe siècle </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Langue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Langue</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" 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1.0.2 (change every time you update a partial) --> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Cette page concerne l'année <b>1881</b> (MDCCCLXXXI en chiffres romains) du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier grégorien">calendrier grégorien</a>.</p> </div> </div> <p>L'année <b>1881</b> est une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Année commune">année commune</a> qui <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune_commen%C3%A7ant_un_samedi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Année commune commençant un samedi">commence un samedi</a>.</p> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:21em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #C0D1E2;"> <div> <small>Chronologies</small> </div> </div> <div class="images"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Attentat_auf_Zar_Alexander_II_1881_19Jh.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Attentat_auf_Zar_Alexander_II_1881_19Jh.jpg/220px-Attentat_auf_Zar_Alexander_II_1881_19Jh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Attentat_auf_Zar_Alexander_II_1881_19Jh.jpg/330px-Attentat_auf_Zar_Alexander_II_1881_19Jh.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Attentat_auf_Zar_Alexander_II_1881_19Jh.jpg/440px-Attentat_auf_Zar_Alexander_II_1881_19Jh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1005"></a></span> </div> <div class="legend"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/13_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="13 mars">13 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assassinat_d%27Alexandre_II_de_Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assassinat d'Alexandre II de Russie">assassinat</a> de l’empereur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_II_de_Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre II de Russie">Alexandre II de Russie</a>. </div> <table> <caption class="hidden" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"> Données clés </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1878?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1878">1878</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1879?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1879">1879</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1880?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1880">1880</a> <b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1881</a> </b> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1882?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1882">1882</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1883?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1883">1883</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1884?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1884">1884</a><br><small><b>Décennies :</b></small><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1850?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1850">1850</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1860?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1860">1860</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1870?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1870">1870</a> <b> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1880?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1880">1880</a> </b> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1890?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1890">1890</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1900?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1900">1900</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1910?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1910">1910</a><br><small><b>Siècles :</b></small><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XVIIe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XVIIe siècle">XVII<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XVIIIe siècle">XVIII<sup>e</sup></a> <b> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XIXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XIXe siècle">XIX<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XXe siècle">XX<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XXIe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XXIe siècle">XXI<sup>e</sup></a><br><small><b>Millénaires :</b></small><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ier millénaire av. J.-C.">-I<sup>er</sup></a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ier millénaire">I<sup>er</sup></a> <b> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IIe millénaire">II<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IIIe_mill%C3%A9naire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IIIe millénaire">III<sup>e</sup></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_chronologies_par_zone_g%C3%A9ographique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des chronologies par zone géographique">Chronologies géographiques</a> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Afrique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Afrique (page inexistante)">Afrique</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Afrique_du_Sud&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Afrique du Sud (page inexistante)">Afrique du Sud</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Alg%C3%A9rie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Algérie (page inexistante)">Algérie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Angola&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Angola (page inexistante)">Angola</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_B%C3%A9nin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Bénin (page inexistante)">Bénin</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Botswana&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Botswana (page inexistante)">Botswana</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Burkina_Faso&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Burkina Faso (page inexistante)">Burkina Faso</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Burundi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Burundi (page inexistante)">Burundi</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Cameroun&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Cameroun (page inexistante)">Cameroun</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Cap-Vert&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Cap-Vert (page inexistante)">Cap-Vert</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_R%C3%A9publique_centrafricaine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en République centrafricaine (page inexistante)">République centrafricaine</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_aux_Comores&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 aux Comores (page inexistante)">Comores</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_R%C3%A9publique_du_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en République du Congo (page inexistante)">République du Congo</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en République démocratique du Congo (page inexistante)">République démocratique du Congo</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_C%C3%B4te_d'Ivoire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Côte d'Ivoire (page inexistante)">Côte d'Ivoire</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_Djibouti&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à Djibouti (page inexistante)">Djibouti</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_%C3%89gypte&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Égypte (page inexistante)">Égypte</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_%C3%89rythr%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Érythrée (page inexistante)">Érythrée</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_%C3%89thiopie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Éthiopie (page inexistante)">Éthiopie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Gabon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Gabon (page inexistante)">Gabon</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Gambie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Gambie (page inexistante)">Gambie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Ghana&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Ghana (page inexistante)">Ghana</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Guin%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Guinée (page inexistante)">Guinée</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Guin%C3%A9e-Bissau&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Guinée-Bissau (page inexistante)">Guinée-Bissau</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Guin%C3%A9e_%C3%A9quatoriale&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Guinée équatoriale (page inexistante)">Guinée équatoriale</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Kenya&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Kenya (page inexistante)">Kenya</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Lesotho&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Lesotho (page inexistante)">Lesotho</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Liberia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Liberia (page inexistante)">Liberia</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Libye&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Libye (page inexistante)">Libye</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_Madagascar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à Madagascar (page inexistante)">Madagascar</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Malawi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Malawi (page inexistante)">Malawi</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Mali&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Mali (page inexistante)">Mali</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Mauritanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Mauritanie (page inexistante)">Mauritanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_Maurice_(pays)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à Maurice (pays) (page inexistante)">Maurice</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Maroc&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Maroc (page inexistante)">Maroc</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Mozambique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Mozambique (page inexistante)">Mozambique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Namibie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Namibie (page inexistante)">Namibie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Niger&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Niger (page inexistante)">Niger</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Nigeria (page inexistante)">Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Ouganda&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Ouganda (page inexistante)">Ouganda</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Rwanda (page inexistante)">Rwanda</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Sahara_occidental&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Sahara occidental (page inexistante)">Sahara occidental</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_Sao_Tom%C3%A9-et-Principe&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à Sao Tomé-et-Principe (page inexistante)">Sao Tomé-et-Principe</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Sénégal (page inexistante)">Sénégal</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_aux_Seychelles&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 aux Seychelles (page inexistante)">Seychelles</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Sierra_Leone&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Sierra Leone (page inexistante)">Sierra Leone</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Somalie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Somalie (page inexistante)">Somalie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Soudan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Soudan (page inexistante)">Soudan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Soudan_du_Sud&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Soudan du Sud (page inexistante)">Soudan du Sud</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Swaziland&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Swaziland (page inexistante)">Swaziland</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Tanzanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Tanzanie (page inexistante)">Tanzanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Tchad&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Tchad (page inexistante)">Tchad</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Togo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Togo (page inexistante)">Togo</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Tunisie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Tunisie (page inexistante)">Tunisie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Zambie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Zambie (page inexistante)">Zambie</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Zimbabwe (page inexistante)">Zimbabwe</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_par_pays_en_Am%C3%A9rique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 par pays en Amérique (page inexistante)">Amérique</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_Antigua-et-Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à Antigua-et-Barbuda (page inexistante)">Antigua-et-Barbuda</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Argentine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Argentine (page inexistante)">Argentine</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_aux_Bahamas&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 aux Bahamas (page inexistante)">Bahamas</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_la_Barbade&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à la Barbade (page inexistante)">Barbade</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_Belize&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à Belize (page inexistante)">Belize</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Bolivie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Bolivie (page inexistante)">Bolivie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Br%C3%A9sil&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Brésil (page inexistante)">Brésil</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_au_Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 au Canada">Canada</a> <small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_Colombie-Britannique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en Colombie-Britannique">Colombie-Britannique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_au_Manitoba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 au Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_Nouvelle-%C3%89cosse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en Nouvelle-Écosse">Nouvelle-Écosse</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_au_Nouveau-Brunswick?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 au Nouveau-Brunswick">Nouveau-Brunswick</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_Ontario?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_au_Qu%C3%A9bec?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 au Québec">Québec</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_aux_Territoires_du_Nord-Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 aux Territoires du Nord-Ouest">Territoires du Nord-Ouest</a>)</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Chili&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Chili (page inexistante)">Chili</a> <small>()</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Colombie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Colombie (page inexistante)">Colombie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Costa_Rica&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Costa Rica (page inexistante)">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_Cuba&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à Cuba (page inexistante)">Cuba</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_R%C3%A9publique_dominicaine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en République dominicaine (page inexistante)">République dominicaine</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_la_Dominique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à la Dominique (page inexistante)">Dominique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_%C3%89quateur&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Équateur (page inexistante)">Équateur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_aux_%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 aux États-Unis">États-Unis</a><small> ()</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_la_Grenade&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à la Grenade (page inexistante)">Grenade</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Guatemala (page inexistante)">Guatemala</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Guyana&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Guyana (page inexistante)">Guyana</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Ha%C3%AFti&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Haïti (page inexistante)">Haïti</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Honduras&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Honduras (page inexistante)">Honduras</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Jama%C3%AFque&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Jamaïque (page inexistante)">Jamaïque</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Mexique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Mexique (page inexistante)">Mexique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Nicaragua&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Nicaragua (page inexistante)">Nicaragua</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_Panama&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à Panama (page inexistante)">Panama</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Paraguay&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Paraguay (page inexistante)">Paraguay</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_P%C3%A9rou&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Pérou (page inexistante)">Pérou</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_Saint-Christophe-et-Ni%C3%A9v%C3%A8s&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès (page inexistante)">Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines (page inexistante)">Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_Sainte-Lucie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à Sainte-Lucie (page inexistante)">Sainte-Lucie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Salvador (page inexistante)">Salvador</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Suriname&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Suriname (page inexistante)">Suriname</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_Trinit%C3%A9-et-Tobago&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à Trinité-et-Tobago (page inexistante)">Trinité-et-Tobago</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Uruguay&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Uruguay (page inexistante)">Uruguay</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Venezuela&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Venezuela (page inexistante)">Venezuela</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_par_pays_en_Asie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 par pays en Asie (page inexistante)">Asie</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Abkhazie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Abkhazie (page inexistante)">Abkhazie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Afghanistan (page inexistante)">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Arabie_saoudite&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Arabie saoudite (page inexistante)">Arabie saoudite</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Arm%C3%A9nie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Arménie (page inexistante)">Arménie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Azerba%C3%AFdjan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Azerbaïdjan (page inexistante)">Azerbaïdjan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Bahre%C3%AFn&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Bahreïn (page inexistante)">Bahreïn</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Bangladesh&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Bangladesh (page inexistante)">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Bhoutan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Bhoutan (page inexistante)">Bhoutan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Birmanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Birmanie (page inexistante)">Birmanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Brunei (page inexistante)">Brunei</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Cambodge&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Cambodge (page inexistante)">Cambodge</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_dans_le_Caucase&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 dans le Caucase (page inexistante)">Caucase</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Chine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Chine (page inexistante)">Chine</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_Chypre&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à Chypre (page inexistante)">Chypre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Cor%C3%A9e_du_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Corée du Nord (page inexistante)">Corée du Nord</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Cor%C3%A9e_du_Sud&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Corée du Sud (page inexistante)">Corée du Sud</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_aux_%C3%89mirats_arabes_unis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 aux Émirats arabes unis (page inexistante)">Émirats arabes unis</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_G%C3%A9orgie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Géorgie (page inexistante)">Géorgie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Inde&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Inde (page inexistante)">Inde</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Indon%C3%A9sie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Indonésie (page inexistante)">Indonésie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Irak (page inexistante)">Irak</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Iran (page inexistante)">Iran</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Isra%C3%ABl&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Israël (page inexistante)">Israël</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Japon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Japon (page inexistante)">Japon</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Jordanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Jordanie (page inexistante)">Jordanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Kazakhstan (page inexistante)">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Kirghizistan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Kirghizistan (page inexistante)">Kirghizistan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Kurdistan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Kurdistan (page inexistante)">Kurdistan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Kowe%C3%AFt&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Koweït (page inexistante)">Koweït</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Laos (page inexistante)">Laos</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Liban&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Liban (page inexistante)">Liban</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Malaisie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Malaisie (page inexistante)">Malaisie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_aux_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 aux Maldives (page inexistante)">Maldives</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Mongolie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Mongolie (page inexistante)">Mongolie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_N%C3%A9pal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Népal (page inexistante)">Népal</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Oman (page inexistante)">Oman</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Oss%C3%A9tie_du_Sud-Alanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Ossétie du Sud-Alanie (page inexistante)">Ossétie du Sud-Alanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Ouzb%C3%A9kistan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Ouzbékistan (page inexistante)">Ouzbékistan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Pakistan (page inexistante)">Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Palestine (page inexistante)">Palestine</a><small> ()</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_aux_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 aux Philippines (page inexistante)">Philippines</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_par_pays_au_Proche-Orient&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 par pays au Proche-Orient (page inexistante)">Proche-Orient</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Qatar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Qatar (page inexistante)">Qatar</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Russie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Russie (page inexistante)">Russie</a><small> ()</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_Singapour&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à Singapour (page inexistante)">Singapour</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Sri Lanka (page inexistante)">Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Syrie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Syrie (page inexistante)">Syrie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Tadjikistan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Tadjikistan (page inexistante)">Tadjikistan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_Ta%C3%AFwan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à Taïwan (page inexistante)">Taïwan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Tha%C3%AFlande&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Thaïlande (page inexistante)">Thaïlande</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Timor_oriental&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Timor oriental (page inexistante)">Timor oriental</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Turkm%C3%A9nistan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Turkménistan (page inexistante)">Turkménistan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Turquie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Turquie (page inexistante)">Turquie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Vi%C3%AAt_Nam&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Viêt Nam (page inexistante)">Viêt Nam</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Y%C3%A9men&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Yémen (page inexistante)">Yémen</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Europe&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Europe (page inexistante)">Europe</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Abkhazie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Abkhazie (page inexistante)">Abkhazie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Allemagne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Allemagne (page inexistante)">Allemagne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Albanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Albanie (page inexistante)">Albanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Andorre&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Andorre (page inexistante)">Andorre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Arm%C3%A9nie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Arménie (page inexistante)">Arménie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Autriche&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Autriche (page inexistante)">Autriche</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Azerba%C3%AFdjan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Azerbaïdjan (page inexistante)">Azerbaïdjan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en Belgique">Belgique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Bi%C3%A9lorussie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Biélorussie (page inexistante)">Biélorussie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Bosnie-Herz%C3%A9govine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Bosnie-Herzégovine (page inexistante)">Bosnie-Herzégovine</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Bulgarie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Bulgarie (page inexistante)">Bulgarie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_dans_le_Caucase&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 dans le Caucase (page inexistante)">Caucase</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_Chypre&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à Chypre (page inexistante)">Chypre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Croatie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Croatie (page inexistante)">Croatie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Danemark&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Danemark (page inexistante)">Danemark</a><small> ()</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Espagne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Espagne (page inexistante)">Espagne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Estonie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Estonie (page inexistante)">Estonie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Finlande&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Finlande (page inexistante)">Finlande</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en France">France</a> <small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en Bretagne">Bretagne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_Lorraine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en Lorraine">Lorraine</a> et )</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_G%C3%A9orgie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Géorgie (page inexistante)">Géorgie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_Gr%C3%A8ce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en Grèce">Grèce</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Hongrie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Hongrie (page inexistante)">Hongrie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Irlande&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Irlande (page inexistante)">Irlande</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Islande&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Islande (page inexistante)">Islande</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_Italie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en Italie">Italie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Kazakhstan (page inexistante)">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Kosovo (page inexistante)">Kosovo</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Lettonie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Lettonie (page inexistante)">Lettonie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Liechtenstein (page inexistante)">Liechtenstein</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Lituanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Lituanie (page inexistante)">Lituanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Luxembourg (page inexistante)">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Mac%C3%A9doine_du_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Macédoine du Nord (page inexistante)">Macédoine du Nord</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_Malte&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à Malte (page inexistante)">Malte</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Moldavie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Moldavie (page inexistante)">Moldavie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à Monaco (page inexistante)">Monaco</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Mont%C3%A9n%C3%A9gro&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Monténégro (page inexistante)">Monténégro</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Norv%C3%A8ge&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Norvège (page inexistante)">Norvège</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Oss%C3%A9tie_du_Sud-Alanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Ossétie du Sud-Alanie (page inexistante)">Ossétie du Sud-Alanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_aux_Pays-Bas&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 aux Pays-Bas (page inexistante)">Pays-Bas</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Pologne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Pologne (page inexistante)">Pologne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Portugal (page inexistante)">Portugal</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Roumanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Roumanie (page inexistante)">Roumanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Royaume-Uni&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Royaume-Uni (page inexistante)">Royaume-Uni</a> <small>()</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Russie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Russie (page inexistante)">Russie</a><small> ()</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_Saint-Marin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à Saint-Marin (page inexistante)">Saint-Marin</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Serbie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Serbie (page inexistante)">Serbie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Slovaquie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Slovaquie (page inexistante)">Slovaquie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Slov%C3%A9nie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Slovénie (page inexistante)">Slovénie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Su%C3%A8de&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Suède (page inexistante)">Suède</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_Suisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en Suisse">Suisse</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Tch%C3%A9quie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Tchéquie (page inexistante)">Tchéquie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Turquie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Turquie (page inexistante)">Turquie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Ukraine (page inexistante)">Ukraine</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Vatican&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Vatican (page inexistante)">Vatican</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_par_pays_en_Oc%C3%A9anie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 par pays en Océanie (page inexistante)">Océanie</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Australie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Australie (page inexistante)">Australie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_aux_%C3%8Eles_Cook&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 aux Îles Cook (page inexistante)">Îles Cook</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_aux_%C3%89tats_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9r%C3%A9s_de_Micron%C3%A9sie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 aux États fédérés de Micronésie (page inexistante)">États fédérés de Micronésie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_aux_Fidji&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 aux Fidji (page inexistante)">Fidji</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Indon%C3%A9sie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Indonésie (page inexistante)">Indonésie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_aux_%C3%8Eles_Marshall&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 aux Îles Marshall (page inexistante)">Îles Marshall</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_Nauru&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à Nauru (page inexistante)">Nauru</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_%C3%A0_Niue&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 à Niue (page inexistante)">Niue</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Nouvelle-Z%C3%A9lande&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Nouvelle-Zélande (page inexistante)">Nouvelle-Zélande</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_aux_Palaos&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 aux Palaos (page inexistante)">Palaos</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée (page inexistante)">Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_aux_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 aux Kiribati (page inexistante)">Kiribati</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_aux_%C3%8Eles_Salomon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 aux Îles Salomon (page inexistante)">Îles Salomon</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_aux_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 aux Samoa (page inexistante)">Samoa</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_aux_Samoa_am%C3%A9ricaines&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 aux Samoa américaines (page inexistante)">Samoa américaines</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Timor_oriental&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Timor oriental (page inexistante)">Timor oriental</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_aux_Tonga&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 aux Tonga (page inexistante)">Tonga</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_aux_Tuvalu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 aux Tuvalu (page inexistante)">Tuvalu</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_au_Vanuatu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 au Vanuatu (page inexistante)">Vanuatu</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_dans_les_mers_et_oc%C3%A9ans&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 dans les mers et océans (page inexistante)">Mers et océans</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_dans_la_Manche&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 dans la Manche (page inexistante)">Manche</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_mer_Baltique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en mer Baltique (page inexistante)">Mer Baltique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_mer_des_Cara%C3%AFbes&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en mer des Caraïbes (page inexistante)">Mer des Caraïbes</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_mer_Caspienne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en mer Caspienne (page inexistante)">Mer Caspienne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_mer_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en mer Méditerranée (page inexistante)">Mer Méditerranée</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_mer_du_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en mer du Nord (page inexistante)">Mer du Nord</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_mer_Noire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en mer Noire (page inexistante)">Mer Noire</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_mer_Rouge&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en mer Rouge (page inexistante)">Mer Rouge</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_dans_l'oc%C3%A9an_Arctique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 dans l'océan Arctique (page inexistante)">Océan Arctique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_dans_l'oc%C3%A9an_Atlantique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 dans l'océan Atlantique (page inexistante)">Océan Atlantique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_dans_l'oc%C3%A9an_Austral&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 dans l'océan Austral (page inexistante)">Océan Austral</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_dans_l'oc%C3%A9an_Indien&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 dans l'océan Indien (page inexistante)">Océan Indien</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_dans_l'oc%C3%A9an_Pacifique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 dans l'océan Pacifique (page inexistante)">Océan Pacifique</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_Antarctique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en Antarctique (page inexistante)">Antarctique</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_chronologies_th%C3%A9matiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des chronologies thématiques">Chronologies thématiques</a> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_art&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en art (page inexistante)">Art</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_architecture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en architecture">Architecture</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_arts_plastiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en arts plastiques">Arts plastiques</a> <small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_dessin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en dessin (page inexistante)">Dessin</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_gravure&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en gravure (page inexistante)">Gravure</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_lithographie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en lithographie (page inexistante)">Lithographie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_peinture&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en peinture (page inexistante)">Peinture</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_sculpture&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en sculpture (page inexistante)">Sculpture</a>)</small>, <small>()</small>, <small>()</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_litt%C3%A9rature?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en littérature">Littérature</a> <small>()</small>, Musique <small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_musique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en musique">Populaire</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_musique_classique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en musique classique">Classique</a>)</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_photographie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en photographie">Photographie</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_au_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 au théâtre">Théâtre</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_ing%C3%A9nierie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en ingénierie (page inexistante)">Ingénierie</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><small>()</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_architecture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en architecture">Architecture</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_dans_les_chemins_de_fer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 dans les chemins de fer">Chemins de fer</a> <small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Liste_des_accidents_ferroviaires_en_France_en_1881&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Liste des accidents ferroviaires en France en 1881 (page inexistante)">Accidents ferroviaires en France</a>)</small>, <small>()</small> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_dans_les_parcs_de_loisirs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 dans les parcs de loisirs">Parcs de loisirs</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_politique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en politique (page inexistante)">Politique</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_droit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en droit">Droit</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_d%27%C3%A9lections_en_1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste d'élections en 1881">Élections</a> et <small>()</small></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_religion&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en religion (page inexistante)">Religion</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_dans_le_bouddhisme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 dans le bouddhisme (page inexistante)">Bouddhisme</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_dans_le_christianisme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 dans le christianisme (page inexistante)">Christianisme</a> <small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_dans_le_catholicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 dans le catholicisme">Catholicisme</a>, et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_dans_le_protestantisme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 dans le protestantisme (page inexistante)">Protestantisme</a>)</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_dans_l'hindouisme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 dans l'hindouisme (page inexistante)">Hindouisme</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_dans_l'islam&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 dans l'islam (page inexistante)">Islam</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_dans_le_juda%C3%AFsme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 dans le judaïsme (page inexistante)">Judaïsme</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_science?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en science">Science</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_arch%C3%A9ologie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en archéologie (page inexistante)">Archéologie</a>, <small>()</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_biologie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en biologie (page inexistante)">Biologie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_chimie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en chimie">Chimie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_climatologie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en climatologie (page inexistante)">Climatologie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_exploration&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en exploration (page inexistante)">Exploration</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_g%C3%A9ologie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en géologie (page inexistante)">Géologie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_histoire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en histoire (page inexistante)">Histoire</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_math%C3%A9matiques&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en mathématiques (page inexistante)">Mathématiques</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_pal%C3%A9ontologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1881 en paléontologie">Paléontologie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_physique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en physique (page inexistante)">Physique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_psychologie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en psychologie (page inexistante)">Psychologie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_sant%C3%A9_et_m%C3%A9decine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en santé et médecine">Santé et médecine</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_sociologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1881 en sociologie">Sociologie</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_sport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en sport">Sport</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_athl%C3%A9tisme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en athlétisme (page inexistante)">Athlétisme</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_baseball?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en baseball">Baseball</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_combin%C3%A9_nordique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en combiné nordique">Combiné nordique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_cyclisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1881 en cyclisme">Cyclisme</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_football?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en football">Football</a> <small>()</small>, <small>()</small>, <small>()</small>, Rugby <small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_rugby_%C3%A0_XV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en rugby à XV">À XV</a>)</small>, <small>()</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_en_tennis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 en tennis (page inexistante)">Tennis</a> <small>()</small>, <small>()</small> et <small>()</small></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1881&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Décès en 1881 (page inexistante)">Décès</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_journalisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en journalisme">Journalisme</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Naissance_en_1881&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Naissance en 1881 (page inexistante)">Naissance</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881_en_philosophie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881 en philosophie">Philosophie</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terrorisme_avant_1946?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terrorisme avant 1946">Terrorisme</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"> Calendriers </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier romain">Romain</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_chinois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier chinois">Chinois</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier grégorien">Grégorien</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_julien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier julien">Julien</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9bra%C3%AFque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier hébraïque">Hébraïque</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_hindou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier hindou">Hindou</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9girien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier hégirien">Hégirien</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_persan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier persan">Persan</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_r%C3%A9publicain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier républicain">Républicain</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#CEE0F2;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D1881%26action%3Dedit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Ann%C3%A9es?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></p> </div> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89v%C3%A9nements"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Événements</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Afrique"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Afrique</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Afrique_australe"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Afrique australe</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Afrique_du_Nord"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Afrique du Nord</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Am%C3%A9rique"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Amérique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Asie_et_Pacifique"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Asie et Pacifique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Europe"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Europe</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Russie"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Russie</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Naissances_en_1881"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Naissances en 1881</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1881"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Décès en 1881</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Événements"><span id=".C3.89v.C3.A9nements"></span>Événements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Événements" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Afrique">Afrique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Afrique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Tekle_Haymanot_of_Gojjam.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Tekle_Haymanot_of_Gojjam.png/170px-Tekle_Haymanot_of_Gojjam.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2797"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 238px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Tekle_Haymanot_of_Gojjam.png/170px-Tekle_Haymanot_of_Gojjam.png" data-width="170" data-height="238" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Tekle_Haymanot_of_Gojjam.png/255px-Tekle_Haymanot_of_Gojjam.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Tekle_Haymanot_of_Gojjam.png/340px-Tekle_Haymanot_of_Gojjam.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20 janvier">20 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tekle_Haymanot_Tessemma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tekle Haymanot Tessemma">Adal Tessemma</a> <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9gus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Négus">negus</a></i> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Godjam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Godjam">Godjam</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20 janvier">20 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yohannes_IV_d%27%C3%89thiopie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Yohannes IV d'Éthiopie">Yohannes IV d’Éthiopie</a> fait couronner <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tekle_Haymanot_Tessemma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tekle Haymanot Tessemma">Adal Tessemma</a> <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9gus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Négus">negus</a></i> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Godjam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Godjam">Godjam</a> et du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaffa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaffa">Kaffa</a>. En réaction le <i>négus</i> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shewa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Shewa">Shewa</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Menelik_II_d%27%C3%89thiopie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Menelik II d'Éthiopie">Menelik</a> assujettit au tribut le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaffa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaffa">Kaffa</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jimma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jimma">Jimma</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 février">7 février</a> : le lieutenant-colonel <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gustave_Borgnis-Desbordes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gustave Borgnis-Desbordes">Borgnis-Desbordes</a> s’installe à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kita">Kita</a> où il construit un fort<sup id="cite_ref-Ballo_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ballo-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16 février">16 février</a> : le colonel <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Flatters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Flatters">Paul Flatters</a> est assassiné par les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Touaregs_(peuple)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Touaregs (peuple)">Touareg</a> au puits de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bir_el-Garama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bir el-Garama">Bir el-Garama</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 février">26 février</a> : loi accordant les crédits permettant le début de la construction du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chemin_de_fer_de_Kayes_au_Niger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chemin de fer de Kayes au Niger">chemin de fer entre Kayes et le Niger</a>, achevé en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1904?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1904">1904</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10 mars">10 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Gallieni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Gallieni">Gallieni</a> signe à Nango un traité avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ahmadou_Tall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ahmadou Tall">Ahmadou</a> qui accorde à la France le droit de faire du commerce sur le haut Niger ; le traité n’est pas ratifié par la France<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ahmadou laisse partir Gallieni le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 mars">21 mars</a>. Il rejoint à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kita">Kita</a> la colonne commandée par le lieutenant-colonel <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gustave_Borgnis-Desbordes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gustave Borgnis-Desbordes">Borgnis-Desbordes</a>, commandant militaire du Haut-Fleuve, qui soumettra par la suite la région située entre le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sénégal">Sénégal</a> et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Niger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Niger">Niger</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/29_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="29 mars">29 mars</a> : promulgation du Code des 305 articles à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madagascar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il crée huit ministères (Intérieur, affaires Étrangères, armée, Lois, Justice, Industrie, Finances et Instruction publique), institue la scolarisation obligatoire, réorganise l’armée et l’administration.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mars_1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mars 1881">Mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samori_Tour%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Samori Touré">Samori Touré</a> prend <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kankan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kankan">Kankan</a> après neuf mois de siège<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il rencontre pour la première fois les troupes françaises sur la rive gauche du Niger. Après la chute de Kankan, l’État de Samori Touré évolue vers une théocratie islamique (1880-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1886?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1886">1886</a>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 avril">27 avril</a> : début du soulèvement du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Damel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Damel">damel</a> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_du_Cayor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume du Cayor">Cayor</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lat_Dior?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lat Dior">Lat Dior</a> au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sénégal">Sénégal</a>, qui dénonce le traité de 1879 et s’oppose à la construction de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compagnie_du_chemin_de_fer_de_Dakar_%C3%A0_Saint-Louis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compagnie du chemin de fer de Dakar à Saint-Louis">ligne de chemin de fer de Dakar à Saint-Louis</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (fin en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1885?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1885">1885</a>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avril_1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avril 1881">Avril</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fouta-Toro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fouta-Toro">Fouta-Toro</a> passe sous le protectorat français : le colonel <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Bri%C3%A8re_de_l%27Isle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Brière de l'Isle">Brière de l'Isle</a>, gouverneur du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sénégal">Sénégal</a>, obtient la soumission de l’almani Siré-Baba-Lih, qui règne sur le littoral de l’actuel <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sénégal">Sénégal</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mai_1880?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mai 1880">Mai</a> ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juin_1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juin 1881">juin</a> : le Français <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Arnoux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Arnoux">Pierre Arnoux</a> s’installe à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Obock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Obock">Obock</a> (il est tué le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1882-03-03" data-sort-value="1882-03-03">3 mars 1882</time>)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ; le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30 juin">30 juin</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Soleillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Soleillet">Paul Soleillet</a> signe un engagement avec l’entrepreneur havrais Albert Godin qui vient de fonder la Société française d’Obock. Soleillet arrive à Obock le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1882-01-12" data-sort-value="1882-01-12">12 janvier 1882</time><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 juillet">5 juillet</a> : protectorat français sur le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fouta-Djalon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fouta-Djalon">Fouta-Djalon</a><sup id="cite_ref-Diop_14-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Diop-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 décembre">12 décembre</a> : création de la Compagnie du Sénégal et de la côte occidentale d’Afrique<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compagnie_fran%C3%A7aise_de_l%27Afrique_occidentale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Compagnie française de l'Afrique occidentale">Compagnie française de l’Afrique occidentale</a> en 1887).</li> </ul> <p><br></p> <ul> <li>Début du règne de Hachem, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_du_Kanem-Bornou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume du Kanem-Bornou">sultan du Bornou</a> (1881-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1893?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1893">1893</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Insurrection des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baoul%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baoulés">Baoulés</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Côte d'Ivoire">Côte d'Ivoire</a> (fin en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1902?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1902">1902</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><i>Hamites General Economy</i><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, pamphlet préconisant la création d’Églises chrétiennes indépendantes au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nigeria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Afrique_australe">Afrique australe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Afrique australe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16 janvier">16 janvier</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_des_Boers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Première Guerre des Boers">première Guerre des Boers</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_d%27Elandsfontein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille d'Elandsfontein">bataille d’Elandsfontein</a><sup id="cite_ref-Knight_19-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Knight-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 janvier">28 janvier</a> : les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boers">Boers</a> défont l’armée britannique à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Laing%27s_Nek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de Laing's Nek">bataille de Laing’s Nek</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 février">8 février</a> : les Boers défont l’armée britannique à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Schuinshoogte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de Schuinshoogte">bataille de Schuinshoogte</a> ou d’Ingogo<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 février">12 février</a> : les Boers défont l’armée britannique à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Rooihuiskraal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de Rooihuiskraal">bataille de Rooihuiskraal</a>, aux environs de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pretoria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Majuba_LondonNews.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Majuba_LondonNews.jpg/220px-Majuba_LondonNews.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1056"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Majuba_LondonNews.jpg/220px-Majuba_LondonNews.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Majuba_LondonNews.jpg/330px-Majuba_LondonNews.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Majuba_LondonNews.jpg/440px-Majuba_LondonNews.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 février">27 février</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Majuba_Hill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataille de Majuba Hill">bataille de Majuba Hill</a> </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 février">27 février</a> : les Boers défont l’armée britannique à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Majuba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de Majuba">bataille de Majuba Hill</a><sup id="cite_ref-Knight_19-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Knight-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Mort du général <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Pomeroy_Colley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Pomeroy Colley">George Pomeroy Colley</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/23_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="23 mars">23 mars</a> : armistice entre les Boers et les Britanniques signé à <i>O’Neil’s Cottage</i>, à quelques centaines de mètres de Majuba Hill<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3 août">3 août</a> : le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a> reconnaît l’indépendance de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_sud-africaine_du_Transvaal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="République sud-africaine du Transvaal">république du Transvaal</a> sous la suzeraineté de principe de la couronne britannique à la convention de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pretoria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Afrique_du_Nord">Afrique du Nord</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Afrique du Nord" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1er_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1er février"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> février</a> : mutinerie parmi les officiers de la garnison du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Caire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Caire">Caire</a>, qui interviennent pour secourir trois colonels dont le nationaliste <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ahmed_Urabi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ahmed Urabi">Arabi Pacha</a>, traduit devant la cour martiale pour des actes de désobéissance. Le khédive doit congédier son ministre de la guerre. Début du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volte_%CA%BBUrabi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Révolte ʻUrabi">soulèvement nationaliste</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89gypte_sous_les_Alaouites?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Égypte sous les Alaouites">Égypte</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>25<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30 mars">30 mars</a> : incursion de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kroumirs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kroumirs">Kroumirs</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alg%C3%A9rie_fran%C3%A7aise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Algérie française">Algérie</a><sup id="cite_ref-Martin_26-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Martin-26"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 avril">7 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jules_Ferry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jules Ferry">Jules Ferry</a> fait voter à la Chambre des crédits pour organiser une expédition militaire contre les Kroumirs<sup id="cite_ref-Martin_26-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Martin-26"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="22 avril">22 avril</a> : assassinat du lieutenant Weinbrenner. Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marabout_(islam)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marabout (islam)">marabout</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cheikh_Bouamama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cheikh Bouamama">Bou Amana</a> des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ouled_Sidi_Cheikh_-_Cheraga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ouled Sidi Cheikh - Cheraga">Ouled-Sidi-Cheikh</a> prend la tête d’une insurrection dans le Sud <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oran">oranais</a>. Le calme est rétabli au bout de quelques mois<sup id="cite_ref-Bouchène_27-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bouch%C3%A8ne-27"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>27<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 avril">24 avril</a> : <b><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conqu%C3%AAte_de_la_Tunisie_par_la_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conquête de la Tunisie par la France">intervention française en Tunisie</a></b> (fin en novembre). Une armée de 30 000 hommes passe la frontière. La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kroumirie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kroumirie">Kroumirie</a> est occupée sans que le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bey_(titre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bey (titre)">bey</a> donne l’ordre à ses troupes régulières de réagir<sup id="cite_ref-Martin_26-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Martin-26"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Trait%C3%A9_du_Bardo.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Trait%C3%A9_du_Bardo.jpg/220px-Trait%C3%A9_du_Bardo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="277"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Trait%C3%A9_du_Bardo.jpg/220px-Trait%C3%A9_du_Bardo.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Trait%C3%A9_du_Bardo.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 mai">12 mai</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_du_Bardo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité du Bardo">traité du Bardo</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 mai">12 mai</a> : signature au palais de Ksar Saïd du <b><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_du_Bardo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité du Bardo">traité du Bardo</a></b> entre le général Bréard et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bey_de_Tunis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bey de Tunis">bey de Tunis</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sadok_Bey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sadok Bey">Sadok Bey</a>, instaurant le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protectorat_fran%C3%A7ais_de_Tunisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protectorat français de Tunisie">protectorat français de Tunisie</a><sup id="cite_ref-Martin_26-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Martin-26"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il est ratifié à la chambre malgré <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Georges Clemenceau">Clemenceau</a> et grâce à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jules_Ferry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jules Ferry">Jules Ferry</a>. Le bey est maintenu dans ses fonctions mais doit accepter la nomination à ses côtés d'un résident général.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/13_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="13 mai">13 mai</a> : Théodore Roustan est nommé <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9sident_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_de_France_en_Tunisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Résident général de France en Tunisie">ministre résident à Tunis</a> (fin en 1882).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18 juin">18 juin</a>, Tunisie<sup id="cite_ref-Caron_28-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Caron-28"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>28<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : une canonnière française, le <i>Chacal</i>, fait son apparition devant <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sfax?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sfax">Sfax</a>, mais est accueillie par des coups de fusil<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>29<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'intervention française provoque une insurrection musulmane, encouragée par les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marabout_(islam)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marabout (islam)">marabouts</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/San%C5%ABsiyya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanūsiyya">sanoussi</a> qui proclament le djihad à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sfax?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sfax">Sfax</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gab%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gabès">Gabès</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kairouan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kairouan">Kairouan</a>, réprimée de juillet à octobre par un corps expéditionnaire français de 50 000 hommes. Les dissidents se soumettent sans grande résistance fin novembre. Seule, dans l’extrême sud, quelques tribus restent en guerre jusqu’en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1883?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1883">1883</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/29_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="29 juin">29 juin</a> : au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soudan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soudan">Soudan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muhammad_Ahmad_ibn_Abd_Allah_Al-Mahdi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muhammad Ahmad ibn Abd Allah Al-Mahdi">Mohamed Ahmed ibn Abd Allah</a>, originaire de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dongola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dongola">Dongola</a>, se proclame le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mahdi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a> (le sauveur) et prêche contre les Turcs<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>30<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il dispose au début de quelques partisans et d’armes de jet, mais le succès qu’il remporte auprès des garnisons égyptiennes abandonnées au Soudan renforce ses troupes et ses armements. Il <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_des_Mahdistes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerre des Mahdistes">conquiert tout le pays</a> de 1881 à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1884?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1884">1884</a>. Sa révolte éveille pour la première fois une conscience nationale au Soudan.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 septembre">9 septembre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89gypte_sous_les_Alaouites?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Égypte sous les Alaouites">Égypte</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volte_%CA%BBUrabi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Révolte ʻUrabi">soulèvement nationaliste</a> conduit au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Caire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Caire">Caire</a> par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ahmed_Urabi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ahmed Urabi">Arabi Pacha</a> contre le khédive <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tawfiq?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawfiq">Tawfiq</a>, soumis aux européens (fin en 1882)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>31<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Regroupés dans le Parti patriotique, les officiers égyptiens réclament la fin du monopole des turco-circassiens sur les hautes fonctions de l’État. Après l’arrestation du leader nationaliste Arabi Pacha, des régiments se mutinent et contraignent <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tawfiq?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawfiq">Tawfiq</a> à former un nouveau gouvernement. Les puissances, à l’exception de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a> qui craint des répercussions en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tunisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tunisie">Tunisie</a>, demandent une intervention militaire ottomane.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Le_lieutenant_Hartuis_frappant_%C3%A0_Bab_El_Khoukh_-_Kairouan_-_26.10.1881.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Le_lieutenant_Hartuis_frappant_%C3%A0_Bab_El_Khoukh_-_Kairouan_-_26.10.1881.jpg/170px-Le_lieutenant_Hartuis_frappant_%C3%A0_Bab_El_Khoukh_-_Kairouan_-_26.10.1881.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="251" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="769"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 251px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Le_lieutenant_Hartuis_frappant_%C3%A0_Bab_El_Khoukh_-_Kairouan_-_26.10.1881.jpg/170px-Le_lieutenant_Hartuis_frappant_%C3%A0_Bab_El_Khoukh_-_Kairouan_-_26.10.1881.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="251" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Le_lieutenant_Hartuis_frappant_%C3%A0_Bab_El_Khoukh_-_Kairouan_-_26.10.1881.jpg/255px-Le_lieutenant_Hartuis_frappant_%C3%A0_Bab_El_Khoukh_-_Kairouan_-_26.10.1881.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Le_lieutenant_Hartuis_frappant_%C3%A0_Bab_El_Khoukh_-_Kairouan_-_26.10.1881.jpg/340px-Le_lieutenant_Hartuis_frappant_%C3%A0_Bab_El_Khoukh_-_Kairouan_-_26.10.1881.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 octobre">26 octobre</a> : occupation de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kairouan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kairouan">Kairouan</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10 octobre">10 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Occupation_de_Tunis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation de Tunis">occupation de Tunis</a> par les troupes françaises<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>32<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 octobre">26 octobre</a> : occupation de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kairouan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kairouan">Kairouan</a> par les troupes françaises<sup id="cite_ref-Caron_28-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Caron-28"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>28<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 novembre">26 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Tirman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Tirman">Louis Tirman</a> est nommé gouverneur général de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alg%C3%A9rie_fran%C3%A7aise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Algérie française">Algérie</a> (fin en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1891?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1891">1891</a>). Il inaugure le système du « rattachement » (décret du 26 août 1881), une expérience tendant à l’assimilation administrative de l’Algérie, qui échoue<sup id="cite_ref-Bouchène_27-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bouch%C3%A8ne-27"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>27<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Amérique"><span id="Am.C3.A9rique"></span>Amérique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Amérique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Entrada_del_ej%C3%A9rcito_chileno_a_Lima_(1881).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Entrada_del_ej%C3%A9rcito_chileno_a_Lima_%281881%29.jpg/220px-Entrada_del_ej%C3%A9rcito_chileno_a_Lima_%281881%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1585" data-file-height="1056"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Entrada_del_ej%C3%A9rcito_chileno_a_Lima_%281881%29.jpg/220px-Entrada_del_ej%C3%A9rcito_chileno_a_Lima_%281881%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Entrada_del_ej%C3%A9rcito_chileno_a_Lima_%281881%29.jpg/330px-Entrada_del_ej%C3%A9rcito_chileno_a_Lima_%281881%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Entrada_del_ej%C3%A9rcito_chileno_a_Lima_%281881%29.jpg/440px-Entrada_del_ej%C3%A9rcito_chileno_a_Lima_%281881%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 janvier">17 janvier</a> : l'armée chilienne marche dans Lima. </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15 janvier">15 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_du_Pacifique_(1879-1884)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre du Pacifique (1879-1884)">Guerre du Pacifique</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Miraflores?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de Miraflores">bataille de Miraflores</a>. Les troupes chiliennes occupent <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lima_(P%C3%A9rou)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lima (Pérou)">Lima</a> le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 janvier">17</a><sup id="cite_ref-Silva_33-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Silva-33"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>33<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La ville est mise à sac.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 mars">4 mars</a> : présidence républicaine de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Garfield?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="James Garfield">James Garfield</a> aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a>. Il est assassiné le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 juillet">2 juillet</a><sup id="cite_ref-Upchurch_34-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Upchurch-34"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>34<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 mars">12 mars</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9rou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pérou">Pérou</a> : le caudillo démocrate <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_de_Pi%C3%A9rola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicolás de Piérola">Nicolás de Piérola</a>, au pouvoir depuis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1879?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1879">1879</a>, est emporté par la défaite militaire et cède le pouvoir à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francisco_Garc%C3%ADa_Calder%C3%B3n_(P%C3%A9rou)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francisco García Calderón (Pérou)">Francisco García Calderón</a> puis au général <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lizardo_Montero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lizardo Montero">Lizardo Montero</a> le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 septembre">28 septembre</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>35<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 juillet">2 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assassinat_de_James_A._Garfield?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assassinat de James A. Garfield">assassinat de James A. Garfield</a><sup id="cite_ref-Upchurch_34-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Upchurch-34"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>34<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/23_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="23 juillet">23 juillet</a> : traité de limites signé à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buenos_Aires?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> fixant la frontière entre le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chili?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chili">Chili</a> et l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argentine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Argentine">Argentine</a> le long de la ligne de crête de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cordill%C3%A8re_des_Andes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cordillère des Andes">Cordillère des Andes</a>, entré en vigueur le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1881-10-22" data-sort-value="1881-10-22">22 octobre 1881</time><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>36<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18 septembre">18 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domingo_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domingo Santa María">Domingo Santa María</a> est élu <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_pr%C3%A9sidents_du_Chili?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des présidents du Chili">président de la république</a> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chili?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chili">Chili</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>37<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/An%C3%ADbal_Pinto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aníbal Pinto">Aníbal Pinto</a>, vainqueur de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_du_Pacifique_(1879-1884)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre du Pacifique (1879-1884)">guerre du Pacifique</a>, ne peut se représenter car la réélection n’est plus permise au Chili depuis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1871?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1871">1871</a>. Leurs succès militaires profitent aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_lib%C3%A9ral_(Chili)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti libéral (Chili)">libéraux</a> qui gardent le pouvoir jusqu’en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1890?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1890">1890</a>.</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20 septembre">20 septembre</a> : début de la présidence républicaine du vice-président <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chester_Alan_Arthur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chester Alan Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a> aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a> (fin en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1885?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1885">1885</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Upchurch_34-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Upchurch-34"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>34<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Asie_et_Pacifique">Asie et Pacifique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Asie et Pacifique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Khevsur_warriors_wearing_their_traditional_armor.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Khevsur_warriors_wearing_their_traditional_armor.jpg/220px-Khevsur_warriors_wearing_their_traditional_armor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="736"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 202px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Khevsur_warriors_wearing_their_traditional_armor.jpg/220px-Khevsur_warriors_wearing_their_traditional_armor.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="202" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Khevsur_warriors_wearing_their_traditional_armor.jpg/330px-Khevsur_warriors_wearing_their_traditional_armor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Khevsur_warriors_wearing_their_traditional_armor.jpg/440px-Khevsur_warriors_wearing_their_traditional_armor.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Soldats turkmènes lors du siège de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geok-Tepe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Geok-Tepe">Geok-Tepe</a> </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 janvier">24 janvier</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="01-12" data-sort-value="01-12">12 janvier</time> du calendrier julien) : la forteresse de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%B6kdepe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gökdepe">Gökdepe</a> (région de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Merv?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Merv">Merv</a>) est le dernier territoire du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turkestan_russe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turkestan russe">Turkestan</a> à passer sous domination russe<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>38<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, en faisant 15 000 victimes turkmènes.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 février">21 février</a> : annexion des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Gambier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Îles Gambier">îles Gambier</a> à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>39<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 février">24 février</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="02-12" data-sort-value="02-12">12 février</time> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_julien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a>) : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Saint-P%C3%A9tersbourg_(1881)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Traité de Saint-Pétersbourg (1881)">traité de Saint-Pétersbourg</a> entre la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russie">Russie</a> et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chine">Chine</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>40<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La Russie restitue la région de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ili?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ili">Ili</a> qu’elle occupe depuis 1871, mais enlève de vastes territoires à l’ouest de la rivière <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khorgos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khorgos">Khorgos</a> soit plus de 70 000 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr>. La Russie est autorisée à établir des consulats à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turfan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Turfan">Turfan</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suzhou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 mars">25 mars</a> : l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tat_de_Mysore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="État de Mysore">État de Mysore</a>, en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inde">Inde</a> est rendu à son souverain légitime, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynastie_des_Odeyar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynastie des Odeyar">Chamaraja Wodeyar</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>41<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mai_1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mai 1881">Mai</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yokohama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a> : une mission d’observation <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cor%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corée">coréenne</a> (<i>Sinsa yuramdan</i>) arrive au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japon">Japon</a> pour étudier les moyens de moderniser le pays (fin en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ao%C3%BBt_1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Août 1881">août</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>42<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Des officiers nippons sont chargés d’instruire sur place l’armée coréenne.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 juin">12 juin</a> : un édit royal met officiellement fin à la persécution du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianisme_en_Cor%C3%A9e_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christianisme en Corée du Sud">christianisme en Corée</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>43<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 juin">27</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/29_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="29 juin">29 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Midhat_Pacha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Midhat Pacha">Midhat Pacha</a>, nommé en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Syrie">Syrie</a> sur la pression des Britanniques après sa démission en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1878?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1878">1878</a>, est condamné à mort, puis gracié par le sultan ottoman qui l’accuse d’être mêlé à l’assassinat d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abd%C3%BClaziz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abdülaziz">Abdülaziz</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1876?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1876">1876</a>. Il est exilé à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taef?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Taef">Taef</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 juillet">28 juillet</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>44<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juin_1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juin 1881">Juin</a> : le chef de la révolte <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kurde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kurde">kurde</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cheikh_Obeidullah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheikh Obeidullah">Ubayd Allah</a> est capturé et emprisonné à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istanbul?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>45<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 août">26 août</a> : la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Borneo_Chartered_Company?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Borneo Chartered Company">British North Bornéo (Chartered) Company</a></i> est autorisée par une charte royale à administrer la région<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>46<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 septembre">24 septembre</a> : le marquis Tseng, représentant du gouvernement chinois en Europe, informe le ministre français des Affaires étrangères <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire">Barthélemy Saint-Hilaire</a>, que la Chine ne peut pas reconnaître le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Saigon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Traité de Saigon">traité</a> conclu avec l'Annam le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1874-03-15" data-sort-value="1874-03-15">15 mars 1874</time> ; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Gambetta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Léon Gambetta">Gambetta</a>, ministre des Affaires Étrangères depuis le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14 novembre">14 novembre</a>, répond à Tseng le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1882-01-01" data-sort-value="1882-01-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> janvier 1882</time>, que le gouvernement français n’hésiterait pas à revendiquer l’entière liberté de ses actes en ce qui concerne l’exécution de ses conventions avec l’Annam. Des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9dition_du_Tonkin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Expédition du Tonkin">opérations de lutte contre le brigandage</a> dans la vallée du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fleuve_Rouge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fleuve Rouge">fleuve Rouge</a> en 1882 provoquent la <b><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_franco-chinoise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre franco-chinoise">guerre entre la Chine et la France</a></b> pour le contrôle de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Annam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Annam">Annam</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>47<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/29_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="29 octobre">29 octobre</a> : l’homme d’État japonais <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Itagaki_Taisuke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Itagaki Taisuke">Itagaki Taisuke</a> fonde le <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jiy%C5%ABt%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jiyūtō">Jiyūtō</a></i>, parti libéral<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>48<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, qui réclame l’extension des droits civiques, l’égalité de tous devant la loi et un régime constitutionnel.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Octobre_1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Octobre 1881">Octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eliezer_Ben-Yehuda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eliezer Ben-Yehuda">Eliezer Ben-Yehuda</a> arrive à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jaffa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>. Il s’installe à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jérusalem">Jérusalem</a> et renouvelle l’usage de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9breu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hébreu">hébreu</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>49<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20 décembre">20 décembre</a> : création d’une commission de la dette publique ottomane. L’administration de la dette va contrôler près de 30 % des revenus de l’État<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>50<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Elle garantit les emprunts ottomans sur les places boursières européennes.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 décembre">21 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_d%27Akhal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité d'Akhal">convention d’Akhal</a>, signée à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C3%A9h%C3%A9ran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Téhéran">Téhéran</a> rectifiant la frontière russo-perse. La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_perse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire perse">Perse</a> reconnait l’annexion du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khwarezm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khwarezm">Khwarezm</a> par l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_russe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire russe">Empire russe</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>51<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <p><br></p> <ul> <li>Opposition <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nationalisme_arabe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nationalisme arabe">nationaliste arabe</a> aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_ottoman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire ottoman">Ottomans</a> : des placards nationalistes appellent les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arabes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arabes">populations arabes</a> à la révolte contre l’autorité ottomane à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beyrouth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beyrouth">Beyrouth</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="1880-12-31" data-sort-value="1880-12-31">31 décembre 1880</time><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>52<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bagdad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Damas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Damas">Damas</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alep?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alep">Alep</a>. Des intellectuels des provinces arabes de l’empire dénoncent dans des publications diffusées à partir de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londres">Londres</a> (<i>al-Khilafa</i> de Louis Sabundji, 1881<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>53<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>) l’usurpation du titre de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calife?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calife">calife</a> par les Turcs ottomans et réclament sa restitution à un souverain arabe, qui doit appartenir, selon certains, à la descendance du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mahomet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mahomet">prophète</a>. Au même moment, leurs idées sur le califat arabe sont reprises par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wilfrid_Scawen_Blunt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wilfrid Scawen Blunt">Wilfrid Scawen Blunt</a> qui publie <i>The Future of Islam</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1882?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1882">1882</a>).</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Europe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/29_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="29 janvier">29 janvier</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espagne">Espagne</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alejandro_Pidal_y_Mon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alejandro Pidal y Mon">Alejandro Pidal y Mon</a> crée l’union Catholique (<i>Unión Católica</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>54<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, qui vise à ramener les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carlisme_(Espagne)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlisme (Espagne)">carlistes</a> dans la mouvance conservatrice.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14 février">14 février</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>55<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : le gouvernement hongrois prend le contrôle de la force publique en remplaçant les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandoure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pandoure">pandours</a> des départements, devenus obsolètes, par des gendarmes dotés de pouvoirs étendus dans les campagnes<sup id="cite_ref-Bérenger_56-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-B%C3%A9renger-56"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>56<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Carol-I-Coronation.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Carol-I-Coronation.jpg/220px-Carol-I-Coronation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3876" data-file-height="2649"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Carol-I-Coronation.jpg/220px-Carol-I-Coronation.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Carol-I-Coronation.jpg/330px-Carol-I-Coronation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Carol-I-Coronation.jpg/440px-Carol-I-Coronation.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="22 mai">22 mai</a> : couronnement de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carol_Ier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carol Ier">Carol <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> de Roumanie</a> </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 mars">26 mars</a> : la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Roumanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Roumanie">Roumanie</a> est érigée en royaume. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carol_Ier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carol Ier">Carol <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> de Roumanie</a> est couronné roi de Roumanie le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="22 mai">22 mai</a> (fin de règne en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1914?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1914">1914</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>57<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il désigne comme héritier son neveu <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferdinand_Ier_de_Roumanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand Ier de Roumanie">Ferdinand de Hohenzollern</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 avril">7 avril</a> : le premier ministre britannique <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Gladstone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="William Gladstone">William Gladstone</a> accorde le <i>Land Act</i> à l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irlande_(%C3%AEle)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irlande (île)">Irlande</a>, qui prend force de loi le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="22 août">22 août</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>58<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Après avoir fait adopter des lois de coercition, Gladstone obtient le vote d’une loi agraire qui répond aux attentes de la <i>Land League</i> : loyer correct, maintien du bail tant que le loyer est payé, liberté de vendre son droit d’occupation à un tiers.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="22 avril">22 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dimitrie_Br%C4%83tianu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dimitrie Brătianu">Dimitrie Brătianu</a> est nommé premier ministre de la Roumanie (fin le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 juin">21 juin</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>59<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 mai">12 mai</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14 mai">14 mai</a> : les Roumains de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transylvanie_austro-hongroise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transylvanie austro-hongroise">Transylvanie</a>, du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banat_historique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banat historique">Banat</a>, du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A1ramaros_(comitat)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Máramaros (comitat)">Maramureş</a> et de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cri%C5%9Fana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Crişana">Crişana</a> fondent un <i>Parti national roumain</i> à la Conférence de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sibiu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a> qui réclame l’autonomie de la Transylvanie, l'égalité des droits et le libre emploi de la langue<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>60<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 juin">7 juin</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a> : premier meeting de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Social_Democratic_Federation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Democratic Federation">Fédération sociale-démocrate</a> (SDF), fondée par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_Hyndman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry Hyndman">Henry Hyndman</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>61<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18 juin">18 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Entente_des_trois_empereurs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Entente des trois empereurs">traité des « trois empereurs »</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche-Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche-Hongrie">Autriche-Hongrie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire allemand">Allemagne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_russe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire russe">Russie</a>) confirmant le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syst%C3%A8mes_bismarckiens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Systèmes bismarckiens">système bismarckien</a> d’isolement de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a> (fin en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1887?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1887">1887</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Milza_62-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Milza-62"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>62<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empires_centraux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empires centraux">Empires centraux</a> s’engagent à ne pas s’opposer à la constitution d’une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulgarie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulgarie">Bulgarie</a> unie et indépendante.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 juin">28 juin</a> : alliance austro-serbe à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milan">Milan</a> (fin en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1895?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1895">1895</a>). Accord secret signé entre l’empereur d’Autriche et le prince de Serbie<sup id="cite_ref-Milza200945_63-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Milza200945-63"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>63<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, qui s’engage à interdire toute propagande serbe dans l’Empire contre la promesse autrichienne de reconnaître ses droits sur la vallée du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vardar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vardar">Vardar</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 juillet">2 juillet</a> : une commission gréco-turque mise en place par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_de_Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Congrès de Berlin">congrès de Berlin</a> définit la frontière entre les deux pays et accorde à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Gr%C3%A8ce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Grèce">Grèce</a> les districts de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Volos">Volos</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Larissa_(Thessalie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Larissa (Thessalie)">Larissa</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trokhala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trokhala">Trokhala</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trikala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trikala">Trikala</a>) situés au nord, et à l’empire ottoman, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ioannina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ioannina">Ioannina</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>64<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15 juillet">15 juillet</a> : la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Croatie_militaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatie militaire">Croatie militaire</a> et de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confins_militaires?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confins militaires">Krajina de Slavonie</a> sont réintégrées au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Croatie-Slavonie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Croatie-Slavonie">royaume de Croatie-Slavonie</a><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>65<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Face à la politique hongroise de magyarisation, les nationalistes croates proposent de transformer la monarchie en une triple monarchie unitaire, autrichienne-hongroise-croate, mais sans rencontrer aucun écho.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 octobre">27 octobre</a> : recul des conservateurs aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lections_l%C3%A9gislatives_allemandes_de_1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élections législatives allemandes de 1881">législatives</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire allemand">Allemagne</a><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-66"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>66<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les trois partis conservateurs perdent 10 % au profit des progressistes et des libéraux. Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zentrum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zentrum">Centre</a> devient le premier parti tandis que la social-démocratie gagne des sièges. Affaiblissement du parti national-libéral (17 % des voix au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reichstag_(Empire_allemand)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reichstag (Empire allemand)">Reichstag</a>). Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_progressiste_allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti progressiste allemand">parti progressiste</a> (<i>Fortschristtspartei</i>), adversaire de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Otto von Bismarck">Bismarck</a>, obtient le même score.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 novembre">17 novembre</a> : l’empereur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guillaume_Ier_d%27Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Guillaume Ier d'Allemagne">Guillaume <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> d’Allemagne</a> annonce au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reichstag_(Empire_allemand)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reichstag (Empire allemand)">Reichstag</a> la triple loi d’assurance ouvrière : assurance maladie (<time class="nowrap" datetime="1883-06-15" data-sort-value="1883-06-15">15 juin 1883</time>), accident du travail (<time class="nowrap" datetime="1884-07-06" data-sort-value="1884-07-06">6 juillet 1884</time>) et assurance invalidité et vieillesse (<time class="nowrap" datetime="1889-06-22" data-sort-value="1889-06-22">22 juin 1889</time>)<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-67"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>67<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Le_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de-Vienne.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Le_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de-Vienne.jpg/220px-Le_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de-Vienne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1995" data-file-height="1511"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 167px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Le_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de-Vienne.jpg/220px-Le_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de-Vienne.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="167" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Le_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de-Vienne.jpg/330px-Le_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de-Vienne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Le_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de-Vienne.jpg/440px-Le_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de-Vienne.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> L'incendie du théâtre de Vienne. </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 décembre">8 décembre</a> : l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Incendie_du_Ringtheater?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Incendie du Ringtheater">incendie</a> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ringtheater?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ringtheater">Ringtheater</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vienne_(Autriche)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vienne (Autriche)">Vienne</a> fait 384 victimes<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-68"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>68<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <p><br></p> <ul> <li>Création en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Hongrie">Hongrie</a> du Parti d’opposition modérée composé de conservateurs<sup id="cite_ref-Bérenger_56-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-B%C3%A9renger-56"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>56<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Russie">Russie</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Russie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 février">9 février</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="01-28" data-sort-value="01-28">28 janvier</time> du calendrier julien) : projet de réforme de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mikha%C3%AFl_Loris-Melikov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mikhaïl Loris-Melikov">Loris-Melikov</a><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>69<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ; association limitée de représentants élus des <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zemstvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zemstvo">zemstvos</a></i> et des <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Douma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Douma">Doumas</a></i> à l’examen des projets de loi.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/13_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="13 mars">13 mars</a> (<abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> mars du calendrier julien) : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assassinat_d%27Alexandre_II_de_Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assassinat d'Alexandre II de Russie">assassinat</a> de l’empereur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_II_de_Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre II de Russie">Alexandre II de Russie</a> à Saint-Pétersbourg par <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Narodna%C3%AFa_Volia_(XIXe_si%C3%A8cle)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Narodnaïa Volia (XIXe siècle)">Narodnaïa Volia</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Milza_62-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Milza-62"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>62<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il venait de donner son approbation aux projets de réformes du comte <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mikha%C3%AFl_Loris-Melikov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mikhaïl Loris-Melikov">Loris-Melikov</a>. Début du règne de l’empereur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_III_de_Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre III de Russie">Alexandre III de Russie</a> (fin en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1894?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1894">1894</a>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 avril">27 avril</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3 mai">3 mai</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="04-15" data-sort-value="04-15">15 avril</time>-<time class="nowrap" datetime="04-21" data-sort-value="04-21">21 avril</time> du calendrier julien) : pogrom d’Elisavetgrad<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>70<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Première vague de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pogroms_en_Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pogroms en Russie">pogroms</a> contre les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juifs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juifs">Juifs</a>, accusés de l’assassinat du tsar, à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kirovohrad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirovohrad">Elisavetgrad</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kiev">Kiev</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Odessa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Odessa">Odessa</a><sup id="cite_ref-Aronson_71-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Aronson-71"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>71<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Organisation du mouvement sioniste <i>Hibbat Zion</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amants_de_Sion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amants de Sion">amour de Sion</a>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 mai">11 mai</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="04-29" data-sort-value="04-29">29 avril</time> du calendrier julien) : Alexandre III affirme son attachement à l’autocratie. Démission des ministres libéraux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mikha%C3%AFl_Loris-Melikov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mikhaïl Loris-Melikov">Loris-Melikov</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dimitri_Milioutine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimitri Milioutine">Milioutine</a><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-72"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>72<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 août">26 août</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="08-14" data-sort-value="08-14">14 août</time> du calendrier julien) : loi permettant d’imposer un état de siège de sévérité variable<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>73<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Création d’une nouvelle police secrète, les « sections de protection de l’ordre et de la sécurité » (<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Okhrana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Okhrana">Okhrana</a></i>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 décembre">25</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 décembre">27 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pogrom_de_Varsovie_(1881)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pogrom de Varsovie (1881)">pogrom de Varsovie</a><sup id="cite_ref-Aronson_71-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Aronson-71"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>71<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><time class="nowrap" datetime="1882-01-09" data-sort-value="1882-01-09">9 janvier 1882</time> : (<time class="nowrap" datetime="12-28" data-sort-value="12-28">28 décembre</time> du calendrier julien) : loi rendant le rachat obligatoire pour le million de feux paysans restés sous le statut de la dépendance temporaire. Diminution des annuités de rachat<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-74"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>74<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Naissances_en_1881">Naissances en 1881</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Naissances en 1881" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Voir la catégorie : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Naissance_en_1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catégorie:Naissance en 1881">Naissance en 1881</a>. </div> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10 janvier">10 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auguste_Le_Guennant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auguste Le Guennant">Auguste Le Guennant</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1972?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1972">1972</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15 janvier">15 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michel_Abonnel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michel Abonnel">Michel Abonnel</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1915-02-02" data-sort-value="1915-02-02">2 février 1915</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18 janvier">18 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erich_Herm%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erich Hermès">Erich Hermès</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dessinateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dessinateur">dessinateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suisse">suisse</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1971-06-21" data-sort-value="1971-06-21">21 juin 1971</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 janvier">21 janvier</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oscar_Eichacker?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oscar Eichacker">Oscar Eichacker</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sculpteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sculpteur">sculpteur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravure">graveur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Professeur_(titre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Professeur (titre)">professeur</a> aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_beaux-arts_de_Marseille?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="École supérieure des beaux-arts de Marseille">Beaux-Arts de Marseille</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1961-06-23" data-sort-value="1961-06-23">23 juin 1961</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anton_Huotari?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anton Huotari">Anton Huotari</a>, député et rédacteur en chef finlandais († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1931-11-07" data-sort-value="1931-11-07">7 novembre 1931</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/23_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="23 janvier">23 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luisa_Casati?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luisa Casati">Luisa Casati</a> , <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marquis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marquis">marquise</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italie">italienne</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1957-06-01" data-sort-value="1957-06-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> juin 1957</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 janvier">25 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Van_den_Eynde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Van den Eynde">Louis Van den Eynde</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">belge</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1966-07-22" data-sort-value="1966-07-22">22 juillet 1966</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 janvier">27 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sveinn_Bj%C3%B6rnsson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sveinn Björnsson">Sveinn Björnsson</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> président de la république d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islande">Islande</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1952-01-25" data-sort-value="1952-01-25">25 janvier 1952</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/29_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="29 janvier">29 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kim_Kyu-sik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kim Kyu-sik">Kim Kyu-sik</a>, homme politique coréen († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1950-12-10" data-sort-value="1950-12-10">10 décembre 1950</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/31_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="31 janvier">31 janvier</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irving_Langmuir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chimiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chimiste">chimiste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Physicien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Physicien">physicien</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1957-08-16" data-sort-value="1957-08-16">16 août 1957</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anna_Pavlova_(danseuse)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anna Pavlova (danseuse)">Anna Pavlova</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danseuse_%C3%A9toile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Danseuse étoile">danseuse étoile</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_russe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire russe">russe</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1931-01-23" data-sort-value="1931-01-23">23 janvier 1931</time>).</li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 février">4 février</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fernand Léger">Fernand Léger</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1955-08-17" data-sort-value="1955-08-17">17 août 1955</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 février">6 février</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karl_Weigl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karl Weigl">Karl Weigl</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche-Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche-Hongrie">autrichien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1949-08-11" data-sort-value="1949-08-11">11 août 1949</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 février">7 février</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Martin-Sauvaigo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Martin-Sauvaigo">Charles Martin-Sauvaigo</a>, peintre français († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1970-11-09" data-sort-value="1970-11-09">9 novembre 1970</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10 février">10 février</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maurice_Guiraud-Rivi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maurice Guiraud-Rivière">Maurice Guiraud-Rivière</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dessinateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dessinateur">dessinateur</a>, et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sculpteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sculpteur">sculpteur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1947?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1947">1947</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 février">11 février</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carlo_Carr%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carlo Carrà">Carlo Carrà</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_d%27Italie_(1861-1946)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume d'Italie (1861-1946)">italien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1966-04-13" data-sort-value="1966-04-13">13 avril 1966</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kobayashi_Kokei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kobayashi Kokei">Kobayashi Kokei</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japon">japonais</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1957-04-03" data-sort-value="1957-04-03">3 avril 1957</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14 février">14 février</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valentine_Grant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valentine Grant">Valentine Grant</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Actrice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Actrice">actrice</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américaine</a>, de la période du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_muet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cinéma muet">muet</a>. († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1949-03-12" data-sort-value="1949-03-12">12 mars 1949</time>)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20 février">20 février</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Julien_Maitron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Julien Maitron">Julien Maitron</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyclisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyclisme">coureur cycliste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1972-10-08" data-sort-value="1972-10-08">8 octobre 1972</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 février">21 février</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marc_Boegner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marc Boegner">Marc Boegner</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penseur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Penseur">penseur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pasteur_protestant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasteur protestant">pasteur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Académie française">académicien français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1970-12-18" data-sort-value="1970-12-18">18 décembre 1970</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peet_Johanson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peet Johanson">Peet Johanson</a>, agriculteur et homme politique estonien († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1939?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1939">1939</a>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 février">28 février</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Otto_Dowling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Otto Dowling">Otto Dowling</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1946-04-14" data-sort-value="1946-04-14">14 avril 1946</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fernand_Sanz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fernand Sanz">Fernand Sanz</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyclisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyclisme">coureur cycliste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1925-01-08" data-sort-value="1925-01-08">8 janvier 1925</time>).</li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 mars">4 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armand-Hippolyte_d%27Orchymont?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armand-Hippolyte d'Orchymont">Armand-Hippolyte d'Orchymont</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Entomologiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Entomologiste">entomologiste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">belge</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1947-02-09" data-sort-value="1947-02-09">9 février 1947</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 mars">6 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89mile_Friol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Émile Friol">Émile Friol</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyclisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyclisme">coureur cycliste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1916-03-16" data-sort-value="1916-03-16">16 mars 1916</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 mars">8 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eduard_Zachert?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eduard Zachert">Eduard Zachert</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire allemand">allemand</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1943-07-22" data-sort-value="1943-07-22">22 juillet 1943</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 mars">12 mars</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pavel_Chillingovski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pavel Chillingovski">Pavel Chillingovski</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravure">graveur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enseignant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enseignant">professeur</a> d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Art?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Art">art</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_russe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire russe">russe</a> puis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">soviétique</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1942-04-05" data-sort-value="1942-04-05">5 avril 1942</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Georges_Filiberti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Georges Filiberti">Georges Filiberti</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> d'origine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_d%27Italie_(1861-1946)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume d'Italie (1861-1946)">italienne</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1970-12-03" data-sort-value="1970-12-03">3 décembre 1970</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14 mars">14 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Alexandre_Verdilhan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="André Alexandre Verdilhan">André Alexandre Verdilhan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sculpteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sculpteur">sculpteur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1963-07-21" data-sort-value="1963-07-21">21 juillet 1963</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16 mars">16 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Paulus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Paulus">Pierre Paulus</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">belge</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1959-08-17" data-sort-value="1959-08-17">17 août 1959</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 mars">17 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raoul_Daufresne_de_La_Chevalerie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raoul Daufresne de La Chevalerie">Raoul Daufresne de La Chevalerie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sportif?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sportif">sportif</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">belge</a>, principalement <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Footballeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Footballeur">joueur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Entra%C3%AEneur_(football)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Entraîneur (football)">entraîneur</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Football?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Football">football</a>, commandant en chef des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forces_belges_libres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forces belges libres">Forces belges libres</a> au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1967-11-25" data-sort-value="1967-11-25">25 novembre 1967</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18 mars">18 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Le_Flem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Le Flem">Paul Le Flem</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1984-07-31" data-sort-value="1984-07-31">31 juillet 1984</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20 mars">20 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Schueller?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eugène Schueller">Eugène Schueller</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chimiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chimiste">chimiste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chef_d%27entreprise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chef d'entreprise">chef d'entreprise</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a>, fondateur de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="L'Oréal">L'Oréal</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1957-08-23" data-sort-value="1957-08-23">23 août 1957</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 mars">21 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89douard-Marcel_Sandoz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édouard-Marcel Sandoz">Édouard-Marcel Sandoz</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sculpteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sculpteur">sculpteur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aquarelle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aquarelle">aquarelliste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suisse">suisse</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1971-03-20" data-sort-value="1971-03-20">20 mars 1971</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="22 mars">22 mars</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Berlaimont?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Berlaimont">Louis Berlaimont</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">belge</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1950-02-03" data-sort-value="1950-02-03">3 février 1950</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henriette_Moriam%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henriette Moriamé">Henriette Moriamé</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9sistance_(politique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Résistance (politique)">résistante</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">française</a> lors de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_mondiale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Première Guerre mondiale">Première Guerre mondiale</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1918-08-24" data-sort-value="1918-08-24">24 août 1918</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/23_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="23 mars">23 mars</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gabrielle_Decohorne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gabrielle Decohorne">Gabrielle Decohorne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peinture_de_paysage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peinture de paysage">paysagiste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aquarelle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aquarelle">aquarelliste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">française</a> († ?).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roger_Martin_du_Gard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roger Martin du Gard">Roger Martin du Gard</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_litt%C3%A9rature?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prix Nobel de littérature">prix Nobel de littérature</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1937?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1937">1937</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1958-08-22" data-sort-value="1958-08-22">22 août 1958</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 mars">25 mars</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Béla Bartók">Béla Bartók</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Hongrie">hongrois</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1945-09-26" data-sort-value="1945-09-26">26 septembre 1945</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edmund_Curtis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edmund Curtis">Edmund Curtis</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Historien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Historien">historien</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">britannique</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1943-03-25" data-sort-value="1943-03-25">25 mars 1943</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30 mars">30 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raoul_Bardac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raoul Bardac">Raoul Bardac</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pianiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pianiste">pianiste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1950-07-30" data-sort-value="1950-07-30">30 juillet 1950</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/31_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="31 mars">31 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rudolf_Pla%C4%8Dek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rudolf Plaček">Rudolf Plaček</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illustrateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illustrateur">illustrateur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caricaturiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Caricaturiste">caricaturiste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche-Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche-Hongrie">austro-hongrois</a> puis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tch%C3%A9coslovaquie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tchécoslovaquie">tchécoslovaque</a> († ?).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 avril">2 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diran_Alexanian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diran Alexanian">Diran Alexanian</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violoncelliste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Violoncelliste">violoncelliste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9dagogie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pédagogie">pédagogue</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arm%C3%A9nie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arménie">arménien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1954-07-27" data-sort-value="1954-07-27">27 juillet 1954</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3 avril">3 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hans_Paasche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hans Paasche">Hans Paasche</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Officier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Officier">officier</a> de marine, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Essai_(litt%C3%A9rature)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Essai (littérature)">essayiste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire allemand">allemand</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1920-05-21" data-sort-value="1920-05-21">21 mai 1920</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 avril">6 avril</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul-Andr%C3%A9_Eschbach?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul-André Eschbach">Paul-André Eschbach</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1961-08-10" data-sort-value="1961-08-10">10 août 1961</time>).</li> <li>Hilda Lovisa Nordquist, actrice <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pays-Bas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pays-Bas">néerlandaise</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1935-10-16" data-sort-value="1935-10-16">16 octobre 1935</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 avril">7 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Davy_Burnaby?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Davy Burnaby">Davy Burnaby</a>, interprète de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Com%C3%A9die_musicale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comédie musicale">comédies musicales</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acteur">acteur</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Film_musical?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Film musical">films musicaux</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angleterre">anglais</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1949-04-18" data-sort-value="1949-04-18">18 avril 1949</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 avril">12 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Maclet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élisée Maclet">Élisée Maclet</a>, peintre français († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1962-08-23" data-sort-value="1962-08-23">23 août 1962</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15 avril">15 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Bodard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Bodard">Pierre Bodard</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1937-06-18" data-sort-value="1937-06-18">18 juin 1937</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16 avril">16 avril</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fortunino_Matania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fortunino Matania">Fortunino Matania</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_d%27Italie_(1861-1946)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume d'Italie (1861-1946)">italien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1963-02-08" data-sort-value="1963-02-08">8 février 1963</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Frederick_Lindley_Wood?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Frederick Lindley Wood">Edward Frederick Lindley Wood</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> comte d'Halifax, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">britannique</a>, ambassadeur, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vice-roi_des_Indes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-roi des Indes">vice-roi des Indes</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1926?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1926">1926</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1931?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1931">1931</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1959-12-23" data-sort-value="1959-12-23">23 décembre 1959</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20 avril">20 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nikola%C3%AF_Miaskovski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nikolaï Miaskovski">Nikolaï Miaskovski</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_russe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire russe">russe</a> puis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">soviétique</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1950-08-09" data-sort-value="1950-08-09">9 août 1950</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 avril">27 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%B3ric_Esterh%C3%A1zy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Móric Esterházy">Móric Esterházy</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Hongrie_(1867-1918)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Hongrie (1867-1918)">hongrois</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1960-06-28" data-sort-value="1960-06-28">28 juin 1960</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30 avril">30 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philippe_Robert_(peintre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philippe Robert (peintre)">Philippe Robert</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illustrateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illustrateur">illustrateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suisse">suisse</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1930-06-22" data-sort-value="1930-06-22">22 juin 1930</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1er_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1er mai"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> mai</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Wiley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="George Wiley">George Wiley</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyclisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyclisme">coureur cycliste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyclisme_sur_piste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyclisme sur piste">sur piste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1954-03-03" data-sort-value="1954-03-03">3 mars 1954</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 mai">2 mai</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert-Henri_Blot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert-Henri Blot">Robert-Henri Blot</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peinture_de_paysage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peinture de paysage">paysagiste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1948?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1948">1948</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ernst_Legal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ernst Legal">Ernst Legal</a>, acteur, metteur en scène et directeur de théâtre et d'opéra allemand († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1955-06-29" data-sort-value="1955-06-29">29 juin 1955</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 mai">4 mai</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Hassell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Hassell">George Hassell</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acteur">acteur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angleterre">anglais</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1937-02-17" data-sort-value="1937-02-17">17 février 1937</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 mai">5 mai</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gino_Romiti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gino Romiti">Gino Romiti</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_d%27Italie_(1861-1946)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume d'Italie (1861-1946)">italien</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1967?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1967">1967</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 mai">11 mai</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theodore von Kármán">Theodore von Kármán</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Physicien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Physicien">physicien</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Hongrie">hongrois</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1963-05-06" data-sort-value="1963-05-06">6 mai 1963</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/13_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="13 mai">13 mai</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albert_Chanot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albert Chanot">Albert Chanot</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sculpteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sculpteur">sculpteur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1963-02-25" data-sort-value="1963-02-25">25 février 1963</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19 mai">19 mai</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a>, meneur de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_d%27ind%C3%A9pendance_turque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre d'indépendance turque">guerre d'indépendance turque</a>, fondateur et premier président de la république de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turquie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turquie">Turquie</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1938-11-10" data-sort-value="1938-11-10">10 novembre 1938</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20 mai">20 mai</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Władysław Sikorski">Władysław Sikorski</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Militaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Militaire">militaire</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pologne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pologne">polonais</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1943-07-04" data-sort-value="1943-07-04">4 juillet 1943</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 mai">21 mai</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iosif_Iser?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iosif Iser">Iosif Iser</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Roumanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Roumanie">roumain</a> d'origine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isra%C3%ABl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israël">israélienne</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1958-04-25" data-sort-value="1958-04-25">25 avril 1958</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 mai">26 mai</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adolfo_de_la_Huerta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adolfo de la Huerta">Adolfo de la Huerta</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_pr%C3%A9sidents_du_Mexique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des présidents du Mexique">président</a> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mexique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mexique">Mexique</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1920?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1920">1920</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1955-07-09" data-sort-value="1955-07-09">9 juillet 1955</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 mai">28 mai</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agostino_Bea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Agostino Bea">Agostino Bea</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cardinal_(religion)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cardinal (religion)">cardinal</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compagnie_de_J%C3%A9sus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compagnie de Jésus">jésuite</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire allemand">allemand</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1968-11-16" data-sort-value="1968-11-16">16 novembre 1968</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Serge_F%C3%A9rat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Serge Férat">Serge Férat</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et décorateur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_russe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire russe">russe</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1958-10-13" data-sort-value="1958-10-13">13 octobre 1958</time>).</li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1er_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1er juin"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Besnard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Besnard">Robert Besnard</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravure">graveur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1914-09-28" data-sort-value="1914-09-28">28 septembre 1914</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3 juin">3 juin</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fritz_Bach?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fritz Bach">Fritz Bach</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Musicien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musicien">musicien</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organiste">organiste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enseignant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enseignant">enseignant</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suisse">suisse</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1930-12-27" data-sort-value="1930-12-27">27 décembre 1930</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michel_Larionov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michel Larionov">Michel Larionov</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Architecture_d%27int%C3%A9rieur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Architecture d'intérieur">décorateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_russe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire russe">russe</a> qui obtient la nationalité <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">française</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1964-05-10" data-sort-value="1964-05-10">10 mai 1964</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 juin">4 juin</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nathalie_Gontcharoff?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathalie Gontcharoff">Nathalie Gontcharoff</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dessinatrice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dessinatrice">dessinatrice</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Architecture_d%27int%C3%A9rieur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Architecture d'intérieur">décoratrice</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russie">russe</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1962-10-17" data-sort-value="1962-10-17">17 octobre 1962</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oskar_Jascha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oskar Jascha">Oskar Jascha</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chef_d%27orchestre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chef d'orchestre">chef d'orchestre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche-Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche-Hongrie">autrichien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1948-01-09" data-sort-value="1948-01-09">9 janvier 1948</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 juin">6 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albert_Dev%C3%A8ze?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albert Devèze">Albert Devèze</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">belge</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1959-11-28" data-sort-value="1959-11-28">28 novembre 1959</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 juin">7 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herman_Kruyder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Herman Kruyder">Herman Kruyder</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pays-Bas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pays-Bas">néerlandais</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1935-04-29" data-sort-value="1935-04-29">29 avril 1935</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10 juin">10 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Friedrich_Hilble?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Friedrich Hilble">Friedrich Hilble</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonction_publique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonction publique">fonctionnaire</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conseil_municipal_(Allemagne)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conseil municipal (Allemagne)">conseiller municipal</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Munich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Munich">munichois</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1937-06-04" data-sort-value="1937-06-04">4 juin 1937</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 juin">11 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_Lippmann?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre Lippmann">Alexandre Lippmann</a>, escrimeur et peintre français († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1960-02-23" data-sort-value="1960-02-23">23 février 1960</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19 juin">19 juin</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Gellner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="František Gellner">František Gellner</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poète">poète</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caricaturiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Caricaturiste">caricaturiste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anarchisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anarchisme">anarchiste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche-Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche-Hongrie">austro-hongrois</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1914-09-13" data-sort-value="1914-09-13">13 septembre 1914</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Lavauden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Lavauden">Louis Lavauden</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forestier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forestier">forestier</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoologie">zoologiste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1935-09-01" data-sort-value="1935-09-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> septembre 1935</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 juin">26 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giovanni_Borgonovo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giovanni Borgonovo">Giovanni Borgonovo</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_d%27Italie_(1861-1946)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume d'Italie (1861-1946)">italien</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1975?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1975">1975</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 juin">27 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Carcopino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jérôme Carcopino">Jérôme Carcopino</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Historien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Historien">historien</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haute_fonction_publique_fran%C3%A7aise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haute fonction publique française">haut fonctionnaire</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1970-03-17" data-sort-value="1970-03-17">17 mars 1970</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/29_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="29 juin">29 juin</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Curt_Sachs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Curt Sachs">Curt Sachs</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ethnomusicologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ethnomusicologie">ethnomusicologue</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9orie_de_la_musique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théorie de la musique">théoricien de la musique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire allemand">germano</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1959-02-05" data-sort-value="1959-02-05">5 février 1959</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Trousselier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Trousselier">Louis Trousselier</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyclisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyclisme">coureur cycliste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1939-04-24" data-sort-value="1939-04-24">24 avril 1939</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30 juin">30 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leopold_Petznek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leopold Petznek">Leopold Petznek</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche-Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche-Hongrie">austro-hongrois</a> puis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche">autrichien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1956-07-27" data-sort-value="1956-07-27">27 juillet 1956</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1er_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1er juillet"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hubert_Medland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hubert Medland">Hubert Medland</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande">britannique</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1964-12-11" data-sort-value="1964-12-11">11 décembre 1964</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 juillet">4 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lucien_Ludovic_Madrassi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lucien Ludovic Madrassi">Lucien Ludovic Madrassi</a>, peintre français († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1956-02-20" data-sort-value="1956-02-20">20 février 1956</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 juillet">5 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_Le_Fauconnier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri Le Fauconnier">Henri Le Fauconnier</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cubisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cubisme">cubiste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1946-12-25" data-sort-value="1946-12-25">25 décembre 1946</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 juillet">9 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacques_d%27Ot%C3%A9mar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacques d'Otémar">Jacques d'Otémar</a>, peintre et illustrateur français († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1952-02-07" data-sort-value="1952-02-07">7 février 1952</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 juillet">12 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Picart_Le_Doux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Picart Le Doux">Charles Picart Le Doux</a>, peintre, graveur, poète et écrivain français († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1959-09-11" data-sort-value="1959-09-11">11 septembre 1959</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 juillet">17 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Otto_von_W%C3%A4tjen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Otto von Wätjen">Otto von Wätjen</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire allemand">allemand</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1959-01-04" data-sort-value="1959-01-04">4 janvier 1959</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="22 juillet">22 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arthur_Hartmann?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arthur Hartmann">Arthur Hartmann</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violoniste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Violoniste">violoniste</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alto_(instrument_%C3%A0_cordes)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alto (instrument à cordes)">altiste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1956-03-30" data-sort-value="1956-03-30">30 mars 1956</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 juillet">24 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frank_Hagney?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frank Hagney">Frank Hagney</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acteur">acteur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australie">australien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1929-01-05" data-sort-value="1929-01-05">5 janvier 1929</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 juillet">26 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_%C5%A0terenberg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="David Šterenberg">David Šterenberg</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Graphiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Graphiste">graphiste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Photographe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Photographe">photographe</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_russe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire russe">russe</a> puis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">soviétique</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1948-05-01" data-sort-value="1948-05-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> mai 1948</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 juillet">27 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maurice_Lalau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maurice Lalau">Maurice Lalau</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illustrateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illustrateur">illustrateur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dessinateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dessinateur">dessinateur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1961-04-14" data-sort-value="1961-04-14">14 avril 1961</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/29_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="29 juillet">29 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ilia_Machkov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ilia Machkov">Ilia Machkov</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_russe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire russe">russe</a> puis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">soviétique</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1944-03-20" data-sort-value="1944-03-20">20 mars 1944</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30 juillet">30 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giuseppe_Palanti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giuseppe Palanti">Giuseppe Palanti</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illustrateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illustrateur">illustrateur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Costumier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Costumier">costumier</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metteur_en_sc%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metteur en scène">metteur en scène</a> et professeur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_d%27Italie_(1861-1946)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume d'Italie (1861-1946)">italien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1946-04-23" data-sort-value="1946-04-23">23 avril 1946</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1er_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1er août"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6hler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heinrich Böhler">Heinrich Böhler</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Industrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Industrie">industriel</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Collectionneur_d%27%C5%93uvres_d%27art?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Collectionneur d'œuvres d'art">collectionneur d'œuvres d'art</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Photographe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Photographe">photographe</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche-Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche-Hongrie">austro</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suisse">suisse</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1940-02-04" data-sort-value="1940-02-04">4 février 1940</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 août">2 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Gray_(acteur)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Gray (acteur)">Robert Gray</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acteur">acteur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9alisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réalisateur">réalisateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1963-08-01" data-sort-value="1963-08-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> août 1963</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 août">4 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Platon_Kerjentsev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Platon Kerjentsev">Platon Kerjentsev</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homme_d%27%C3%89tat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homme d'État">Homme d'État</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Journaliste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Journaliste">journaliste</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89conomiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Économiste">économiste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_russe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire russe">russe</a> puis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">soviétique</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1940-06-02" data-sort-value="1940-06-02">2 juin 1940</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 août">5 août</a> ou <time class="nowrap" datetime="1882-08-05" data-sort-value="1882-08-05">5 août 1882</time> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hugh_S._Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hugh S. Johnson">Hugh S. Johnson</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soldat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Soldat">soldat</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1942-04-15" data-sort-value="1942-04-15">15 avril 1942</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 août">6 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leo_Carrillo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leo Carrillo">Leo Carrillo</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acteur">acteur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1961-09-10" data-sort-value="1961-09-10">10 septembre 1961</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 août">9 août</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bernard_Boutet_de_Monvel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bernard Boutet de Monvel">Bernard Boutet de Monvel</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravure">graveur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illustrateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illustrateur">illustrateur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sculpteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sculpteur">sculpteur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arts décoratifs">décorateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1949-10-28" data-sort-value="1949-10-28">28 octobre 1949</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Heyman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Heyman">Charles Heyman</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aquarelle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aquarelle">aquarelliste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravure">graveur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eau-forte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eau-forte">aquafortiste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1915-05-15" data-sort-value="1915-05-15">15 mai 1915</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 août">12 août</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cecil_Blount_DeMille?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cecil Blount DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cin%C3%A9aste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cinéaste">cinéaste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1942-02-21" data-sort-value="1942-02-21">21 février 1942</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_Guerassimov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre Guerassimov">Alexandre Guerassimov</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_russe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire russe">russe</a> puis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">soviétique</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1963-07-23" data-sort-value="1963-07-23">23 juillet 1963</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18 août">18 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hermann_Zilcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hermann Zilcher">Hermann Zilcher</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pianiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pianiste">pianiste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9dagogue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pédagogue">pédagogue</a> musical <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire allemand">allemand</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1948-01-01" data-sort-value="1948-01-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> janvier 1948</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19 août">19 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Georges_Enesco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Georges Enesco">Georges Enesco</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roumanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roumanie">roumain</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1955-05-04" data-sort-value="1955-05-04">4 mai 1955</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 août">21 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roger_Parent_(peintre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roger Parent (peintre)">Roger Parent</a>, peintre français († 1963).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 août">24 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marthe_Chenal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marthe Chenal">Marthe Chenal</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soprano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soprano">soprano</a> à l'Opéra († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1947-01-28" data-sort-value="1947-01-28">28 janvier 1947</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/29_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="29 août">29 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valery_Larbaud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valery Larbaud">Valery Larbaud</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1957-02-02" data-sort-value="1957-02-02">2 février 1957</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 septembre">4 septembre</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Kysela?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="František Kysela">František Kysela</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Graphiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Graphiste">graphiste</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sc%C3%A9nographe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scénographe">scénographe</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enseignant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enseignant">enseignant</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche-Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche-Hongrie">austro-hongrois</a> puis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tch%C3%A9coslovaquie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tchécoslovaquie">tchécoslovaque</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1941-02-20" data-sort-value="1941-02-20">20 février 1941</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isabella_Preston?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isabella Preston">Isabella Preston</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Botaniste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Botaniste">botaniste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canada">canadienne</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1965-01-31" data-sort-value="1965-01-31">31 janvier 1965</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 septembre">5 septembre</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Numa_Ayrinhac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Numa Ayrinhac">Numa Ayrinhac</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">franco</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argentine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Argentine">argentin</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1951-03-23" data-sort-value="1951-03-23">23 mars 1951</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Otto_Bauer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Otto Bauer">Otto Bauer</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche-Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche-Hongrie">autrichien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1938-07-04" data-sort-value="1938-07-04">4 juillet 1938</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 septembre">11 septembre</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacques_Hilpert?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacques Hilpert">Jacques Hilpert</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dessinateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dessinateur">dessinateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1952-11-15" data-sort-value="1952-11-15">15 novembre 1952</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacques_Nam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacques Nam">Jacques Nam</a>, dessinateur, graveur, peintre et sculpteur français († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1974-02-22" data-sort-value="1974-02-22">22 février 1974</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 septembre">12 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Gilles_Plantey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Gilles Plantey">Robert Gilles Plantey</a>, peintre français († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1974-08-11" data-sort-value="1974-08-11">11 août 1974</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/13_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="13 septembre">13 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matthew_Betz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matthew Betz">Matthew Betz</a>, acteur américain († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1938-01-26" data-sort-value="1938-01-26">26 janvier 1938</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15 septembre">15 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lucien_de_Maleville?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lucien de Maleville">Lucien de Maleville</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1964-05-07" data-sort-value="1964-05-07">7 mai 1964</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16 septembre">16 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madge_Syers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madge Syers">Madge Syers</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patinage_artistique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patinage artistique">patineuse artistique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande-Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande-Bretagne">britannique</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1917-09-09" data-sort-value="1917-09-09">9 septembre 1917</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 septembre">17 septembre</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maurice_Achener?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maurice Achener">Maurice Achener</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravure">graveur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illustrateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illustrateur">illustrateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1963-04-19" data-sort-value="1963-04-19">19 avril 1963</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Savely_Schleifer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Savely Schleifer">Savely Schleifer</a>, peintre français († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1942-09-14" data-sort-value="1942-09-14">14 septembre 1942</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 septembre">21 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89mile_Georget?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Émile Georget">Émile Georget</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyclisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyclisme">coureur cycliste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1960-10-16" data-sort-value="1960-10-16">16 octobre 1960</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 septembre">28 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roger_Grillon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roger Grillon">Roger Grillon</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illustrateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illustrateur">illustrateur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravure_sur_bois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravure sur bois">graveur sur bois</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1938-06-19" data-sort-value="1938-06-19">19 juin 1938</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/29_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="29 septembre">29 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ludwig von Mises">Ludwig von Mises</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89conomiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Économiste">économiste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche-Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche-Hongrie">austro-hongrois</a> puis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche">autrichien</a>, naturalisé <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1973-10-10" data-sort-value="1973-10-10">10 octobre 1973</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1er_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1er octobre"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maurice_Le_Scou%C3%ABzec?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maurice Le Scouëzec">Maurice Le Scouëzec</a>, peintre et graveur français († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1940-05-01" data-sort-value="1940-05-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> mai 1940</time>),</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 octobre">2 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferdinand_Barlow?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ferdinand Barlow">Ferdinand Barlow</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1951-01-03" data-sort-value="1951-01-03">3 janvier 1951</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 octobre">4 octobre</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Otto_Wille_Kuusinen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Otto Wille Kuusinen">Otto Wille Kuusinen</a>, homme politique et dirigeant communiste finlandais († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1964-05-17" data-sort-value="1964-05-17">17 mai 1964</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Salmon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="André Salmon">André Salmon</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1969-03-12" data-sort-value="1969-03-12">12 mars 1969</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 octobre">7 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alcide_Rousseau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alcide Rousseau">Alcide Rousseau</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyclisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyclisme">coureur cycliste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1974-05-04" data-sort-value="1974-05-04">4 mai 1974</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 octobre">8 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rudolf_Holsti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rudolf Holsti">Rudolf Holsti</a>, homme politique, journaliste et diplomate finlandais († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1945-08-03" data-sort-value="1945-08-03">3 août 1945</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 octobre">11 octobre</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hans_Kelsen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hans Kelsen">Hans Kelsen</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juriste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juriste">juriste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> d'origine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche-Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche-Hongrie">autrichienne</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1973-04-19" data-sort-value="1973-04-19">19 avril 1973</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roger_Reboussin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roger Reboussin">Roger Reboussin</a>, peintre français († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1965-02-19" data-sort-value="1965-02-19">19 février 1965</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 octobre">12 octobre</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crauford_Kent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crauford Kent">Crauford Kent</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acteur">acteur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angleterre">anglais</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1953-05-14" data-sort-value="1953-05-14">14 mai 1953</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Sautin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="René Sautin">René Sautin</a>, peintre français († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1968-07-23" data-sort-value="1968-07-23">23 juillet 1968</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14 octobre">14 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elizabeth_Somers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elizabeth Somers">Elizabeth Somers</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publicanisme_irlandais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Républicanisme irlandais">républicaine</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivaine</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Industrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Industrie">industrielle</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irlandais_(peuple)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irlandais (peuple)">irlandaise</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1934-12-28" data-sort-value="1934-12-28">28 décembre 1934</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15 octobre">15 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pelham_Grenville_Wodehouse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pelham Grenville Wodehouse">Pelham Grenville Wodehouse</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humoriste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humoriste">humoriste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">britannique</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1975-02-14" data-sort-value="1975-02-14">14 février 1975</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16 octobre">16 octobre</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dossibai_Patell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dossibai Patell">Dossibai Patell</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gyn%C3%A9cologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gynécologie">gynécologue</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Obst%C3%A9trique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Obstétrique">obstétricienne</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inde">indienne</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1960-02-04" data-sort-value="1960-02-04">4 février 1960</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mary_Piriou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mary Piriou">Mary Piriou</a>, peintre et graveuse française († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1956-12-28" data-sort-value="1956-12-28">28 décembre 1956</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18 octobre">18 octobre</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Baudier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Baudier">Paul Baudier</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravure">graveur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illustrateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illustrateur">illustrateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1962-12-09" data-sort-value="1962-12-09">9 décembre 1962</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Prath?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="René Prath">René Prath</a>, peintre et caricaturiste français († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1961-12-31" data-sort-value="1961-12-31">31 décembre 1961</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 octobre">24 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Basilius_Barth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Basilius Barth">Paul Basilius Barth</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dessinateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dessinateur">dessinateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suisse">suisse</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1955-04-25" data-sort-value="1955-04-25">25 avril 1955</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 octobre">25 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pablo_Picasso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espagne">espagnol</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1973-04-08" data-sort-value="1973-04-08">8 avril 1973</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 octobre">26 octobre</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Bastien_(sportif)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Bastien (sportif)">Louis Bastien</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyclisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyclisme">coureur cycliste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escrime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escrime">escrimeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1963-08-13" data-sort-value="1963-08-13">13 août 1963</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stilian_Chilingirov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stilian Chilingirov">Stilian Chilingirov</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ethnographie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ethnographie">ethnographe</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Principaut%C3%A9_de_Bulgarie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Principauté de Bulgarie">bulgare</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1962-11-23" data-sort-value="1962-11-23">23 novembre 1962</time>).</li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 novembre">4 novembre</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carlo_Chiarlo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carlo Chiarlo">Carlo Chiarlo</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nonce_apostolique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nonce apostolique">nonce apostolique</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cardinal_(religion)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cardinal (religion)">cardinal</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_d%27Italie_(1861-1946)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume d'Italie (1861-1946)">italien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1964-01-21" data-sort-value="1964-01-21">21 janvier 1964</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milton_Rosmer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milton Rosmer">Milton Rosmer</a>, acteur, réalisateur, producteur et scénariste britannique († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1971-12-07" data-sort-value="1971-12-07">7 décembre 1971</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 novembre">6 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germaine_Casse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germaine Casse">Germaine Casse</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">française</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1967-07-12" data-sort-value="1967-07-12">12 juillet 1967</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 novembre">7 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francis_Birtles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francis Birtles">Francis Birtles</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pilote_automobile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pilote automobile">pilote automobile</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Journaliste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Journaliste">journaliste</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aventurier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aventurier">aventurier</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyclisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyclisme">coureur cycliste</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Photographe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Photographe">photographe</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cin%C3%A9aste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cinéaste">cinéaste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australie">australien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1941-06-01" data-sort-value="1941-06-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> juin 1941</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 novembre">8 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Lafourcade?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Lafourcade">François Lafourcade</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyclisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyclisme">coureur cycliste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1917-08-10" data-sort-value="1917-08-10">10 août 1917</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 novembre">12 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Dupr%C3%A9_(peintre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frédéric Dupré (peintre)">Frédéric Dupré</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Architecte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Architecte">architecte</a>, décorateur et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1972-10-16" data-sort-value="1972-10-16">16 octobre 1972</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16 novembre">16 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hugo_Meisl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hugo Meisl">Hugo Meisl</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Footballeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Footballeur">joueur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Entra%C3%AEneur_(football)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Entraîneur (football)">entraîneur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arbitre_(football)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arbitre (football)">arbitre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dirigeant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dirigeant">dirigeant</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Football?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Football">football</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche-Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche-Hongrie">autrichien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1937-02-17" data-sort-value="1937-02-17">17 février 1937</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 novembre">21 novembre</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Edouard_de_Castella?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Edouard de Castella">Jean-Edouard de Castella</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dessinateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dessinateur">dessinateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suisse">suisse</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1966-07-26" data-sort-value="1966-07-26">26 juillet 1966</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Forest_(peintre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Forest (peintre)">Pierre Forest</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1971-12-17" data-sort-value="1971-12-17">17 décembre 1971</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="22 novembre">22 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ismail_Enver?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ismail Enver">Ismail Enver</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Officier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Officier">officier</a> militaire <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turquie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turquie">turc</a> <time class="nowrap" datetime="1922-08-04" data-sort-value="1922-08-04">4 août 1922</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 novembre">25 novembre</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_XXIII?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean XXIII">Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli</a>, futur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pape?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pape">pape</a> Jean XXIII († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1963-06-03" data-sort-value="1963-06-03">3 juin 1963</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lucienne_Heuvelmans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lucienne Heuvelmans">Lucienne Heuvelmans</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sculptrice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sculptrice">sculptrice</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">française</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1944?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1944">1944</a>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 novembre">26 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaetano_Cicognani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaetano Cicognani">Gaetano Cicognani</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cardinal_(religion)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cardinal (religion)">cardinal</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_d%27Italie_(1861-1946)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume d'Italie (1861-1946)">italien</a> de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Curie_romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Curie romaine">curie romaine</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1962-02-05" data-sort-value="1962-02-05">5 février 1962</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 novembre">28 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stefan_Zweig?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stefan Zweig">Stefan Zweig</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche-Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche-Hongrie">autrichien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1942-02-22" data-sort-value="1942-02-22">22 février 1942</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 décembre">2 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre-Aur%C3%A8le_Asselin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre-Aurèle Asselin">Pierre-Aurèle Asselin</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_lyrique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste lyrique">artiste lyrique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canada">canadien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1964-12-27" data-sort-value="1964-12-27">27 décembre 1964</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 décembre">4 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armand_Coussens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armand Coussens">Armand Coussens</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravure">graveur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illustrateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illustrateur">illustrateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1935-02-02" data-sort-value="1935-02-02">2 février 1935</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 décembre">5 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ernest_Paul?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ernest Paul">Ernest Paul</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyclisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyclisme">coureur cycliste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1964-09-09" data-sort-value="1964-09-09">9 septembre 1964</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 décembre">7 décembre</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giuseppe_Amisani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giuseppe Amisani">Giuseppe Amisani</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_d%27Italie_(1861-1946)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume d'Italie (1861-1946)">italien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1941-09-08" data-sort-value="1941-09-08">8 septembre 1941</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marie-Anne_Camax-Zoegger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marie-Anne Camax-Zoegger">Marie-Anne Camax-Zoegger</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">française</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1952-10-31" data-sort-value="1952-10-31">31 octobre 1952</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 décembre">8 décembre</a>: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albert_Gleizes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dessinateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dessinateur">dessinateur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravure">graveur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philosophe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philosophe">philosophe</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9orie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théorie">théoricien</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1953-06-23" data-sort-value="1953-06-23">23 juin 1953</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 décembre">9 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_Juster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean Juster">Jean Juster</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avocat_(m%C3%A9tier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avocat (métier)">avocat</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1915-10-12" data-sort-value="1915-10-12">12 octobre 1915</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/13_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="13 décembre">13 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fernand_Pinal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fernand Pinal">Fernand Pinal</a>, peintre et graveur (eau-forte et gravure sur bois) français († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1958-10-12" data-sort-value="1958-10-12">12 octobre 1958</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 décembre">17 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jan_Sluijters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jan Sluijters">Jan Sluijters</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Affichiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Affichiste">affichiste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relieur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Relieur">relieur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pays-Bas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pays-Bas">néerlandais</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1957-05-08" data-sort-value="1957-05-08">8 mai 1957</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="22 décembre">22 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Walter_Pfrimer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Walter Pfrimer">Walter Pfrimer</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche-Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche-Hongrie">autrichien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1968-05-31" data-sort-value="1968-05-31">31 mai 1968</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 décembre">25 décembre</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lucienne_Heuvelmans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lucienne Heuvelmans">Lucienne Heuvelmans</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sculpteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sculpteur">sculptrice</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illustrateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illustrateur">illustratrice</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">française</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1944-02-26" data-sort-value="1944-02-26">26 février 1944</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berthold_Mahn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berthold Mahn">Berthold Mahn</a>, peintre, dessinateur, lithographe et illustrateur français († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1975-04-01" data-sort-value="1975-04-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> avril 1975</time>).</li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul> <li>Date inconnue : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dragomir_Aramba%C5%A1i%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dragomir Arambašić">Dragomir Arambašić</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sculpteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sculpteur">sculpteur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Principaut%C3%A9_de_Serbie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Principauté de Serbie">serbe</a> puis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Yougoslavie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Yougoslavie">yougoslave</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1945?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1945">1945</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfred_Bergier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfred Bergier">Alfred Bergier</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1971?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1971">1971</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carles_Casagemas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carles Casagemas">Carles Casagemas</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espagne">espagnol</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1901-02-17" data-sort-value="1901-02-17">17 février 1901</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rosine_D%C3%A9chenaud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rosine Déchenaud">Rosine Déchenaud</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pastel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pastel">pastelliste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">française</a> († après <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1939?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1939">1939</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfonso_Frangipane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfonso Frangipane">Alfonso Frangipane</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dessinateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dessinateur">dessinateur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Essai_(litt%C3%A9rature)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Essai (littérature)">essayiste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Historien_de_l%27art?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Historien de l'art">historien de l'art</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_d%27Italie_(1861-1946)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume d'Italie (1861-1946)">italien</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1970?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1970">1970</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harrish_Ingraham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harrish Ingraham">Harrish Ingraham</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acteur">acteur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9alisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réalisateur">réalisateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande">britannique</a> († ?).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allauddin_Khan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allauddin Khan">Allauddin Khan</a>, maître de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Musique_indienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musique indienne">musique indienne</a> d'origine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bengale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bengale">bengalie</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1972-09-06" data-sort-value="1972-09-06">6 septembre 1972</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cesare_Maggi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cesare Maggi">Cesare Maggi</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_d%27Italie_(1861-1946)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume d'Italie (1861-1946)">italien</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1961?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1961">1961</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charlotte_Mansfield?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charlotte Mansfield">Charlotte Mansfield</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romancier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romancier">romancière</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angleterre">anglaise</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1936?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1936">1936</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maurycy_Minkowski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maurycy Minkowski">Maurycy Minkowski</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pologne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pologne">polonais</a> d'origine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juifs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juifs">juive</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1930-11-23" data-sort-value="1930-11-23">23 novembre 1930</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moshe_Rynecki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moshe Rynecki">Moshe Rynecki</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pologne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pologne">polonais</a> d'origine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juifs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juifs">juive</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1943?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1943">1943</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ivan_da_Silva-Bruhns?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ivan da Silva-Bruhns">Ivan da Silva-Bruhns</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et décorateur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1980-10-17" data-sort-value="1980-10-17">17 octobre 1980</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Ypsil%C3%A1ntis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théodore Ypsilántis">Théodore Ypsilántis</a>, homme politique grec († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1943-02" data-sort-value="1943-02">février 1943</time>).</li> </ul></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Décès_en_1881"><span id="D.C3.A9c.C3.A8s_en_1881"></span>Décès en 1881</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Décès en 1881" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Voir la catégorie : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catégorie:Décès en 1881">Décès en 1881</a>. </div> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1er_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1er janvier"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auguste_Blanqui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auguste Blanqui">Auguste Blanqui</a>, théoricien <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Socialisme">socialiste</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1805-02-08" data-sort-value="1805-02-08">8 février 1805</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18 janvier">18 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adolph_Wegelin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adolph Wegelin">Adolph Wegelin</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire allemand">allemand</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1810-11-24" data-sort-value="1810-11-24">24 novembre 1810</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20 janvier">20 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_de_Cesve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théophile de Cesve">Théophile de Cesve</a>, maître de forges et sénateur belge (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1803-05-01" data-sort-value="1803-05-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> mai 1803</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 janvier">21 janvier</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Edm%C3%A9e_Ricois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="François-Edmée Ricois">François-Edmée Ricois</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paysage_dans_l%27art?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Paysage dans l'art">paysagiste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1795-08-29" data-sort-value="1795-08-29">29 août 1795</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Askew_Sothern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Askew Sothern">Edward Askew Sothern</a>, acteur anglais (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1826-04-01" data-sort-value="1826-04-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> avril 1826</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 janvier">24 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Collinson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James Collinson">James Collinson</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande">britannique</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1825-05-09" data-sort-value="1825-05-09">9 mai 1825</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 janvier">28 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auguste_Louis_Jobb%C3%A9-Duval?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auguste Louis Jobbé-Duval">Auguste Louis Jobbé-Duval</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peinture_d%27art?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Peinture d'art">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Architecture_d%27int%C3%A9rieur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Architecture d'intérieur">décorateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1819-02-01" data-sort-value="1819-02-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> février 1819</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3 février">3 février</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Gould?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Gould">John Gould</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ornithologue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornithologue">ornithologue</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Naturaliste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Naturaliste">naturaliste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande-Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande-Bretagne">britannique</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1804-09-14" data-sort-value="1804-09-14">14 septembre 1804</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 février">5 février</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Carlyle">Thomas Carlyle</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Historien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Historien">historien</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande-Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande-Bretagne">britannique</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1795-12-04" data-sort-value="1795-12-04">4 décembre 1795</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enele_Ma%CA%BBafu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enele Maʻafu">Enele Maʻafu</a>, grand chef <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tonga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tonga">tongien</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fidji?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fidji">fidjien</a>, roi des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archipel_de_Lau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archipel de Lau">îles Lau</a> puis vice-roi des Fidji (° v. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1916?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1916">1916</a>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 février">9 février</a> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier grégorien">calendrier grégorien</a> ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 janvier">28 janvier</a> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_julien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fiodor_Dosto%C3%AFevski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fiodor Dostoïevski">Fiodor Dostoïevski</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_russe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire russe">russe</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1821-11-11" data-sort-value="1821-11-11">11 novembre 1821</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10 février">10 février</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adrien_Talexy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adrien Talexy">Adrien Talexy</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pianiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pianiste">pianiste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1820?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1820">1820</a>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr>/<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/13_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="13 mars">13 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_II_de_Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre II de Russie">Alexandre II de Russie</a> (assassiné), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_monarques_de_Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des monarques de Russie">empereur de Russie</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1818-04-29" data-sort-value="1818-04-29">29 avril 1818</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16 mars">16 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hugues_Merle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hugues Merle">Hugues Merle</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peinture_de_genre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Peinture de genre">de genre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portraitiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Portraitiste">portraitiste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1822-04-28" data-sort-value="1822-04-28">28 avril 1822</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 mars">25 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Reed_(homme_politique_britannique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Reed (homme politique britannique)">Charles Reed</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande">britannique</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1819-06-20" data-sort-value="1819-06-20">20 juin 1819</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 mars">26 mars</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auguste_de_Ch%C3%A2tillon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auguste de Châtillon">Auguste de Châtillon</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sculpteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sculpteur">sculpteur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poète">poète</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1808-01-29" data-sort-value="1808-01-29">29 janvier 1808</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jules_No%C3%ABl_(peintre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jules Noël (peintre)">Jules Noël</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paysage_dans_l%27art?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Paysage dans l'art">paysagiste</a> et de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peinture_marine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Peinture marine">marines</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1810-01-04" data-sort-value="1810-01-04">4 janvier 1810</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 mars">28 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Modeste_Moussorgski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modeste Moussorgski">Modeste Moussorgski</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Groupe_des_Cinq?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Groupe des Cinq">compositeur russe</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1839-03-21" data-sort-value="1839-03-21">21 mars 1839</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 avril">6 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philip_de_Malpas_Grey_Egerton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton">Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pal%C3%A9ontologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paléontologie">paléontologue</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande">britannique</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1806-11-13" data-sort-value="1806-11-13">13 novembre 1806</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10 avril">10 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9lix-%C3%89mile_Taunay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Félix-Émile Taunay">Félix-Émile Taunay</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1795-03-01" data-sort-value="1795-03-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> mars 1795</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 avril">11 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eugenio_Cavallini?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eugenio Cavallini">Eugenio Cavallini</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violoniste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Violoniste">violoniste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_d%27Italie_(1861-1946)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume d'Italie (1861-1946)">italien</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1806-06-16" data-sort-value="1806-06-16">16 juin 1806</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19 avril">19 avril</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Benjamin Disraeli</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premier_ministre_du_Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Premier ministre du Royaume-Uni">premier ministre du Royaume-Uni</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1804-12-21" data-sort-value="1804-12-21">21 décembre 1804</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Lane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Lane">Joseph Lane</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Général">général</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1801-12-14" data-sort-value="1801-12-14">14 décembre 1801</time>).</li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="22 mai">22 mai</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Thibault?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Thibault">François Thibault</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caporal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caporal">caporal</a> des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brigade_de_sapeurs-pompiers_de_Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brigade de sapeurs-pompiers de Paris">sapeurs-pompiers de Paris</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1835-02-09" data-sort-value="1835-02-09">9 février 1835</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 juin">2 juin</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Friedrich_Albrecht_zu_Eulenburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Friedrich Albrecht zu Eulenburg">Friedrich Albrecht zu Eulenburg</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diplomatie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diplomatie">diplomate</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Prusse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Prusse">prussien</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1815-06-29" data-sort-value="1815-06-29">29 juin 1815</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89mile_Littr%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Émile Littré">Émile Littré</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philosophe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philosophe">philosophe</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philologue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Philologue">philologue</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1801-02-01" data-sort-value="1801-02-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> février 1801</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 juin">6 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_Vieuxtemps?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri Vieuxtemps">Henri Vieuxtemps</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violoniste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Violoniste">violoniste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">belge</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1820-02-17" data-sort-value="1820-02-17">17 février 1820</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 juin">7 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Augustin_Savard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Augustin Savard">Augustin Savard</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9dagogie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pédagogie">pédagogue</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1814-08-21" data-sort-value="1814-08-21">21 août 1814</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/13_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="13 juin">13 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89douard-Auguste_Imer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édouard-Auguste Imer">Édouard-Auguste Imer</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1820-12-23" data-sort-value="1820-12-23">23 décembre 1820</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 juin">27 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jules_Dufaure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jules Dufaure">Jules Dufaure</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avocat_(m%C3%A9tier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avocat (métier)">avocat</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1798-12-04" data-sort-value="1798-12-04">4 décembre 1798</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 juillet">11 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auguste_Gendron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auguste Gendron">Auguste Gendron</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1817-03-17" data-sort-value="1817-03-17">17 mars 1817</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14 juillet">14 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Billy_the_Kid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Billy the Kid">Billy the Kid</a>, hors-la-loi <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1859-11-23" data-sort-value="1859-11-23">23 novembre 1859</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 août">6 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_White_(adventiste)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="James White (adventiste)">James White</a>, cofondateur de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_adventiste_du_septi%C3%A8me_jour?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Église adventiste du septième jour">Église adventiste du septième jour</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1821-08-04" data-sort-value="1821-08-04">4 août 1821</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 août">11 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis-Henri_de_Rudder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis-Henri de Rudder">Louis-Henri de Rudder</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peinture_d%27histoire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peinture d'histoire">d'histoire</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peinture_de_genre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Peinture de genre">de genre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portrait?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portrait">portraitiste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illustrateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illustrateur">illustrateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1807-10-17" data-sort-value="1807-10-17">17 octobre 1807</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16 septembre">16 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Nothomb?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Baptiste Nothomb">Jean-Baptiste Nothomb</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">belge</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1805-07-03" data-sort-value="1805-07-03">3 juillet 1805</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19 septembre">19 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Garfield?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="James Garfield">James Garfield</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident_des_%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Président des États-Unis">président des États-Unis</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1831-11-19" data-sort-value="1831-11-19">19 novembre 1831</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 septembre">24 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camille_Durutte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camille Durutte">Camille Durutte</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9orie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théorie">théoricien</a> de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Musique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musique">musique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1803-10-15" data-sort-value="1803-10-15">15 octobre 1803</time>).</li> <li><time class="nowrap" datetime="09-29" data-sort-value="09-29">29 septembre</time> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Adolphe_C%C3%A9r%C3%A9monie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Adolphe Cérémonie">Jean-Adolphe Cérémonie</a>, sculpteur français (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1830-01-03" data-sort-value="1830-01-03">3 janvier 1830</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 octobre">8 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Carter_Abbott?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Carter Abbott">Joseph Carter Abbott</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Journaliste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Journaliste">journaliste</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brigadier_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_(%C3%89tats-Unis)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brigadier général (États-Unis)">brigadier général</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1825-07-15" data-sort-value="1825-07-15">15 juillet 1825</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 octobre">9 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_W%C3%BCerst?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Wüerst">Richard Wüerst</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Professeur_de_musique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Professeur de musique">professeur de musique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire allemand">allemand</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1824-04-22" data-sort-value="1824-04-22">22 avril 1824</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16 octobre">16 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marcial_del_Adalid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marcial del Adalid">Marcial del Adalid</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espagne">espagnol</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1826-08-24" data-sort-value="1826-08-24">24 août 1826</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1er_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1er novembre"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Bost?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Bost">John Bost</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pasteur_protestant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasteur protestant">pasteur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calvinisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calvinisme">calviniste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9veil_protestant_francophone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réveil protestant francophone">revivaliste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suisse">suisse</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1817-03-04" data-sort-value="1817-03-04">4 mars 1817</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 novembre">4 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estella_Hijmans_Hertzveld?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estella Hijmans Hertzveld">Estella Hijmans Hertzveld</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poète">poétesse</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pays-Bas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pays-Bas">néerlandaise</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1837-07-14" data-sort-value="1837-07-14">14 juillet 1837</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 novembre">5 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Mallet_(g%C3%A9ologue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Mallet (géologue)">Robert Mallet</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ing%C3%A9nieur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ingénieur">ingénieur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%A9ologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Géologie">géologue</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irlande_(%C3%AEle)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irlande (île)">irlandais</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1810-06-03" data-sort-value="1810-06-03">3 juin 1810</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14 novembre">14 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jodocus_Donatus_Hubertus_Temme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jodocus Donatus Hubertus Temme">Jodocus Donatus Hubertus Temme</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juriste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juriste">juriste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire allemand">allemand</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1798-10-22" data-sort-value="1798-10-22">22 octobre 1798</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 novembre">21 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ami_Bou%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ami Boué">Ami Boué</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%A9ologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Géologie">géologue</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche-Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche-Hongrie">autrichien</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1794-03-16" data-sort-value="1794-03-16">16 mars 1794</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 novembre">25 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theobald_Boehm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theobald Boehm">Theobald Boehm</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fl%C3%BBtiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Flûtiste">flûtiste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Facteur_(organologie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Facteur (organologie)">facteur</a> d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Instrument_de_musique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Instrument de musique">instruments de musique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire allemand">allemand</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1794-04-09" data-sort-value="1794-04-09">9 avril 1794</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 décembre">12 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flor%C3%AAncio_Carlos_de_Abreu_e_Silva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Florêncio Carlos de Abreu e Silva">Florêncio Carlos de Abreu e Silva</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avocat_(m%C3%A9tier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avocat (métier)">avocat</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Journaliste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Journaliste">journaliste</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Br%C3%A9sil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brésil">brésilien</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1839-10-20" data-sort-value="1839-10-20">20 octobre 1839</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15 décembre">15 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jules_Thibon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jules Thibon">Jules Thibon</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1824-12-03" data-sort-value="1824-12-03">3 décembre 1824</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 décembre">28 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Fran%C3%A7ois_Eug%C3%A8ne_Giraud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre François Eugène Giraud">Pierre François Eugène Giraud</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravure">graveur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1806-08-09" data-sort-value="1806-08-09">9 août 1806</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Date inconnue : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mary_Downing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mary Downing">Mary Downing</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poète">poétesse</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nationalisme_irlandais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nationalisme irlandais">nationaliste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irlande_(pays)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irlande (pays)">irlandaise</a> (° <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1815?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1815">1815</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Fr%C3%ADas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Félix Frías">Félix Frías</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Journaliste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Journaliste">journaliste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argentine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Argentine">argentin</a> (° <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1816?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1816">1816</a>).</li> </ul></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="reference-cadre" tabindex="0"> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:30em; column-count:2;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="ShinnOfcansky2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_H._ShinnThomas_P._Ofcansky2013"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> David H. Shinn et Thomas P. Ofcansky, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia</cite>, Lanham (Md.), Scarecrow Press, <time>2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8108-7457-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8108-7457-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8108-7457-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DWU92d6sB8JAC%26pg%3DPA74">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Ethiopia&rft.place=Lanham+%28Md.%29&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.aulast=Shinn&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rft.au=Thomas+P.+Ofcansky&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7457-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ballo-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ballo_2-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ballo1993"><span class="ouvrage" id="Amadou_Ballo1993">Amadou Ballo, <cite class="italique">Bamako</cite>, Presses Univ de Bordeaux, <time>1993</time>, 308 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-905081-22-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-905081-22-3"><span class="nowrap">978-2-905081-22-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DLm88wGTJKXwC%26pg%3DPA18">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bamako&rft.pub=Presses+Univ+de+Bordeaux&rft.aulast=Ballo&rft.aufirst=Amadou&rft.date=1993&rft.tpages=308&rft.isbn=978-2-905081-22-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Triaud1995"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Louis_Triaud1995">Jean-Louis Triaud, <cite class="italique">La légende noire de la Sanûsiyya : une confrérie musulmane saharienne sous le regard français (1840-1930)</cite>, Les Éditions de la MSH, <time>1995</time>, 1151 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7351-0584-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7351-0584-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7351-0584-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DTkmY43-m3fMC%26pg%3DPA311">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+l%C3%A9gende+noire+de+la+San%C3%BBsiyya+%3A+une+confr%C3%A9rie+musulmane+saharienne+sous+le+regard+fran%C3%A7ais+%281840-1930%29&rft.pub=Les+%C3%89ditions+de+la+MSH&rft.aulast=Triaud&rft.aufirst=Jean-Louis&rft.date=1995&rft.tpages=1151&rft.isbn=978-2-7351-0584-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Goasguen2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_Goasguen2013">Jean Goasguen, <cite class="italique">Médecin de marine au Sénégal (1882-1884) : Souvenirs de Louis Carrade</cite>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">L'Harmattan</a>, <time>2013</time>, 467 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-343-01294-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-343-01294-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-343-01294-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D2K_2AgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA170">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M%C3%A9decin+de+marine+au+S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal+%281882-1884%29&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=L%27Harmattan&rft.stitle=Souvenirs+de+Louis+Carrade&rft.aulast=Goasguen&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=467&rft.isbn=978-2-343-01294-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Roche2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Christian_Roche2011">Christian Roche, <cite class="italique">L’Afrique noire et la France au <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle. Conquêtes et résistances</cite>, Khartala Éditions, <time>2011</time>, 264 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8111-3346-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8111-3346-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8111-3346-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DodSY5xlYBUcC%26pg%3DPA137">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%E2%80%99Afrique+noire+et+la+France+au+XIXe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle.+Conqu%C3%AAtes+et+r%C3%A9sistances&rft.pub=Khartala+%C3%89ditions&rft.aulast=Roche&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.date=2011&rft.tpages=264&rft.isbn=978-2-8111-3346-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ruault2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Emmanuel_Ruault2007">Emmanuel Ruault, <cite class="italique">Un officier et la conquête coloniale, Emmanuel Ruault : 1878-1896</cite>, Pessac, Presses Univ de Bordeaux, <time>2007</time>, 249 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-86781-444-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-86781-444-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-86781-444-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DqHVg2-1cCu8C%26pg%3DPA107">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Un+officier+et+la+conqu%C3%AAte+coloniale%2C+Emmanuel+Ruault&rft.place=Pessac&rft.pub=Presses+Univ+de+Bordeaux&rft.stitle=1878-1896&rft.aulast=Ruault&rft.aufirst=Emmanuel&rft.date=2007&rft.tpages=249&rft.isbn=978-2-86781-444-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Andrianavalona_Razafiarison2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Aina_Andrianavalona_Razafiarison2014">Aina Andrianavalona Razafiarison, <cite class="italique">Apports des traditions dans les successions royales merina : Madagascar : <abbr class="abbr" title="16ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> : <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">Éditions L'Harmattan</a>, <time>2014</time>, 538 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-336-34772-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-336-34772-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-336-34772-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DztSDAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA141">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apports+des+traditions+dans+les+successions+royales+merina+%3A+Madagascar+%3A+XVIe+%3A+XIXe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+L%27Harmattan&rft.au=Aina+Andrianavalona+Razafiarison&rft.date=2014&rft.tpages=538&rft.isbn=978-2-336-34772-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ade_Ajayi1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="J._F._Ade_Ajayi1996">J. F. Ade Ajayi, <cite class="italique">Histoire générale de l'Afrique : L'Afrique au <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle jusque vers les années 1880</cite>, UNESCO, <time>1996</time>, 936 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-92-3-201712-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-92-3-201712-3"><span class="nowrap">978-92-3-201712-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dd4eb6ny2whAC%26pg%3DPA706">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+de+l%27Afrique+%3A+L%27Afrique+au+XIXe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle+jusque+vers+les+ann%C3%A9es+1880&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.aulast=Ade+Ajayi&rft.aufirst=J.+F.&rft.date=1996&rft.tpages=936&rft.isbn=978-92-3-201712-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1963"><cite class="italique">Archives de sociologie des religions</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 15, Éditions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, <time>1963</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D_IrjAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3D1881%26pg%3DPA95">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archives+de+sociologie+des+religions&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+Centre+national+de+la+recherche+scientifique&rft.date=1963&rft.volume=15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Cahoon"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ben_Cahoon">Ben Cahoon, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Senegal_native.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Senegal traditional states</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">worldstatesmen.org</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-04-26" data-sort-value="2023-04-26">26 avril 2023</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Abou_Sall2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ibrahima_Abou_Sall2013">Ibrahima Abou Sall, <cite class="italique">Les relations entre le Fuuta Tooro et l'émirat du Brakna, moyenne vallée du Sénégal : un terreau du colonialisme français, 1850-1903</cite>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">L'Harmattan</a>, <time>2013</time>, 301 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-336-29186-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-336-29186-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-336-29186-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DIWFPpOTcIT8C%26pg%3DPA49">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+relations+entre+le+Fuuta+Tooro+et+l%27%C3%A9mirat+du+Brakna%2C+moyenne+vall%C3%A9e+du+S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=L%27Harmattan&rft.stitle=un+terreau+du+colonialisme+fran%C3%A7ais%2C+1850-1903&rft.au=Ibrahima+Abou+Sall&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=301&rft.isbn=978-2-336-29186-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Imber-Vier2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Simon_Imber-Vier2011">Simon Imber-Vier, <cite class="italique">Tracer des frontières à Djibouti, des territoires et des hommes aux <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> et <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècles</cite>, Karthala Éditions, <time>2011</time>, 396 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8111-3355-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8111-3355-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8111-3355-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DbkXk7J1V0V8C%26pg%3DPA62">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tracer+des+fronti%C3%A8res+%C3%A0+Djibouti%2C+des+territoires+et+des+hommes+aux+XIXe%26%2332%3Bet%26%2332%3BXXe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cles&rft.pub=Karthala+%C3%89ditions&rft.aulast=Imber-Vier&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.date=2011&rft.tpages=396&rft.isbn=978-2-8111-3355-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Dubois1997"><span class="ouvrage" id="Colette_Dubois1997">Colette Dubois, <cite class="italique">Djibouti, 1888-1967 : héritage ou frustration</cite>, Harmattan, <time>1997</time>, 431 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7384-5860-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7384-5860-5"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7384-5860-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D3pGUQ0p6XOwC%26pg%3DPA35">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Djibouti%2C+1888-1967&rft.pub=Harmattan&rft.stitle=h%C3%A9ritage+ou+frustration&rft.aulast=Dubois&rft.aufirst=Colette&rft.date=1997&rft.tpages=431&rft.isbn=978-2-7384-5860-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Diop-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Diop_14-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Coumba_Diop2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Momar_Coumba_Diop2002">Momar Coumba Diop, <cite class="italique">La société sénégalaise entre le local et le global</cite>, Karthala Éditions, <time>2002</time>, 723 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-84586-319-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-84586-319-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-84586-319-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DLUwwCWfBZoAC%26pg%3DPA179">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+s%C3%A9n%C3%A9galaise+entre+le+local+et+le+global&rft.pub=Karthala+%C3%89ditions&rft.au=Momar+Coumba+Diop&rft.date=2002&rft.tpages=723&rft.isbn=978-2-84586-319-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bonzon1895"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alfred_Bonzon1895">Alfred Bonzon, <cite class="italique">Bourse de Lyon. Manuel des sociétés par actions de la région lyonnaise</cite>, A. Rey, <time>1895</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DEjUxbARq-tIC%26dq%3D12%2Bd%25C3%25A9cembre%2B1881%26pg%3DPA278">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bourse+de+Lyon.+Manuel+des+soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s+par+actions+de+la+r%C3%A9gion+lyonnaise&rft.pub=A.+Rey&rft.aulast=Bonzon&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft.date=1895&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jolly1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_Jolly1996">Jean Jolly, <cite class="italique">Histoire du continent africain : du <abbr class="abbr" title="17ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle à 1939</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">Éditions L'Harmattan</a>, <time>1996</time>, 236 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7384-4688-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7384-4688-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7384-4688-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DfJrGDReJzOUC%26pg%3DPA94">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+du+continent+africain&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+L%27Harmattan&rft.stitle=du+%3Cabbr+class%3D%22abbr%22+title%3D%2217%E1%B5%89+si%C3%A8cle%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22romain%22%3EXVII%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Csup+style%3D%22font-size%3A72%25%22%3Ee%3C%2Fsup%3E%3C%2Fabbr%3E%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle+%C3%A0+1939&rft.aulast=Jolly&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=1996&rft.volume=2&rft.tpages=236&rft.isbn=978-2-7384-4688-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lamaisondesenseignants.com/index.php?action%3Dafficher%26rub%3D15%26id%3D815"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="de">Lamaisondesenseignants</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">lamaisondesenseignants.com</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-04-26" data-sort-value="2023-04-26">26 avril 2023</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pobee1992"><span class="ouvrage" id="J._S._Pobee1992">J. S. Pobee, <cite class="italique">Skenosis : Christian Faith in an African Context</cite>, Mambo Press, <time>1992</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-86922-531-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-86922-531-8"><span class="nowrap">978-0-86922-531-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DxcafAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3D1881%26pg%3DPA163">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Skenosis&rft.pub=Mambo+Press&rft.stitle=Christian+Faith+in+an+African+Context&rft.aulast=Pobee&rft.aufirst=J.+S.&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-86922-531-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Knight-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Knight_19-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Knight_19-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Knight1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ian_Knight1996">Ian Knight, <cite class="italique">The Boer Wars (1) : 1836-98</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osprey_Publishing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>, <time>1996</time>, 48 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-85532-612-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-85532-612-5"><span class="nowrap">978-1-85532-612-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DkdGu0u-0KkYC%26pg%3DPA46">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Boer+Wars+%281%29&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.stitle=1836-98&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.date=1996&rft.tpages=48&rft.isbn=978-1-85532-612-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Raugh2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Harold_E._Raugh2004">Harold E. Raugh, <cite class="italique">The Victorians at War, 1815-1914 : An Encyclopedia of British Military History</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ABC-CLIO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>, <time>2004</time>, 405 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-57607-925-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-57607-925-6"><span class="nowrap">978-1-57607-925-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DHvE_Pa_ZlfsC%26pg%3DPA206">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Victorians+at+War%2C+1815-1914&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.stitle=An+Encyclopedia+of+British+Military+History&rft.aulast=Raugh&rft.aufirst=Harold+E.&rft.date=2004&rft.tpages=405&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-925-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Castle1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ian_Castle1996">Ian Castle, <cite class="italique">Majuba 1881 : The Hill of Destiny</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osprey_Publishing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>, <time>1996</time>, 96 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-85532-503-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-85532-503-6"><span class="nowrap">978-1-85532-503-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DMdCBOJp82LUC%26pg%3DPA46">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Majuba+1881&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.stitle=The+Hill+of+Destiny&rft.aulast=Castle&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.date=1996&rft.tpages=96&rft.isbn=978-1-85532-503-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Richardson2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="Deirdré_Richardson2001">Deirdré Richardson, <cite class="italique">Historic sites of South Africa</cite>, Struik, <time>2001</time>, 272 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-86872-495-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-86872-495-6"><span class="nowrap">978-1-86872-495-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DI0oxAQAAIAAJ%26dq%3DRooihuiskraal%26pg%3DPA210">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historic+sites+of+South+Africa&rft.pub=Struik&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Deirdr%C3%A9&rft.date=2001&rft.tpages=272&rft.isbn=978-1-86872-495-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Derwent2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sue_Derwent2006">Sue Derwent, <cite class="italique">KwaZulu-Natal Heritage Sites : A Guide to Some Great Places</cite>, New Africa Books, <time>2006</time>, 94 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-86486-653-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-86486-653-0"><span class="nowrap">978-0-86486-653-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D7cYN4RElHs8C%26pg%3DPA19">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=KwaZulu-Natal+Heritage+Sites&rft.pub=New+Africa+Books&rft.stitle=A+Guide+to+Some+Great+Places&rft.aulast=Derwent&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft.date=2006&rft.tpages=94&rft.isbn=978-0-86486-653-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Vaïsse2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Maurice_Vaïsse2009">Maurice Vaïsse, <cite class="italique">Dictionnaire des relations internationales de 1900 à nos jours</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armand_Colin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armand Colin">Armand Colin</a>, <time>2009</time>, 336 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-200-24738-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-200-24738-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-200-24738-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DCBTdVMPIRMUC%26pg%3DPAPT97">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+des+relations+internationales+de+1900+%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.pub=Armand+Colin&rft.aulast=Va%C3%AFsse&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft.date=2009&rft.tpages=336&rft.isbn=978-2-200-24738-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://eb11.co.uk/index.php?p%3DARABIPASHA34047-h.htm"><i>The Encyclopaedia Britannica</i>, 1911</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Martin-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Martin_26-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Martin_26-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Martin_26-2">c</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Martin_26-3">d</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Martin1993"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-François_Martin1993">Jean-François Martin, <cite class="italique">La Tunisie de Ferry à Bourguiba</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">L'Harmattan</a>, <time>1993</time>, 199 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7384-1854-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7384-1854-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7384-1854-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DV_nb8Sj-nokC%26pg%3DPA41">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Tunisie+de+Ferry+%C3%A0+Bourguiba&rft.pub=L%27Harmattan&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.date=1993&rft.tpages=199&rft.isbn=978-2-7384-1854-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bouchène-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bouch%C3%A8ne_27-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bouch%C3%A8ne_27-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bouchène,_Jean-Pierre_Peyroulou,_Ouanassa_Siari_Tengour,_Sylvie_Thénault2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Abderahman_Bouchène,_Jean-Pierre_Peyroulou,_Ouanassa_Siari_Tengour,_Sylvie_Thénault2014">Abderahman Bouchène, Jean-Pierre Peyroulou, Ouanassa Siari Tengour, Sylvie Thénault, <cite class="italique">Histoire de l'Algérie à la période coloniale, 1830-1962</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_D%C3%A9couverte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Découverte">La Découverte</a>, <time>2014</time>, 782 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7071-8231-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7071-8231-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7071-8231-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DwATMAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPT203">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+l%27Alg%C3%A9rie+%C3%A0+la+p%C3%A9riode+coloniale%2C+1830-1962&rft.pub=La+D%C3%A9couverte&rft.au=Abderahman+Bouch%C3%A8ne%2C+Jean-Pierre+Peyroulou%2C+Ouanassa+Siari+Tengour%2C+Sylvie+Th%C3%A9nault&rft.date=2014&rft.tpages=782&rft.isbn=978-2-7071-8231-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Caron-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Caron_28-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Caron_28-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Caron1985"><span class="ouvrage" id="François_Caron1985">François Caron, <cite class="italique">La France des patriotes : Histoire de France (1851-1918)</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Librairie_Arth%C3%A8me_Fayard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Librairie Arthème Fayard">Fayard</a>, <time>1985</time>, 672 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-213-65790-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-213-65790-5"><span class="nowrap">978-2-213-65790-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DtNyLMkvm-JUC%26pg%3DPAPT305">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+France+des+patriotes&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.stitle=Histoire+de+France+%281851-1918%29&rft.aulast=Caron&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.date=1985&rft.tpages=672&rft.isbn=978-2-213-65790-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Poiré2016"><span class="ouvrage" id="Eugène_Poiré2016">Eugène Poiré, <cite class="italique">La Tunisie française</cite>, Collection XIX, <time>2016</time>, 324 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-346-10486-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-346-10486-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-346-10486-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DO-k3DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPT153">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Tunisie+fran%C3%A7aise&rft.pub=Collection+XIX&rft.aulast=Poir%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Eug%C3%A8ne&rft.date=2016&rft.tpages=324&rft.isbn=978-2-346-10486-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Warburg1992"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gabriel_Warburg1992">Gabriel Warburg, <cite class="italique">Historical Discord in the Nile Valley</cite>, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, <time>1992</time>, 210 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-85065-140-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-85065-140-6"><span class="nowrap">978-1-85065-140-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DpCh3MMi3wqkC%26pg%3DPA9">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Discord+in+the+Nile+Valley&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.+Publishers&rft.aulast=Warburg&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft.date=1992&rft.tpages=210&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-140-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Wesseling2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Henri_Wesseling2013">Henri Wesseling, <cite class="italique">Les empires coloniaux européens : (1815-1919)</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Gallimard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Gallimard">Gallimard</a>, <time>2013</time>, 552 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-07-241081-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-07-241081-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-07-241081-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DJch8AAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPT227">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+empires+coloniaux+europ%C3%A9ens&rft.pub=Gallimard&rft.stitle=%281815-1919%29&rft.aulast=Wesseling&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=552&rft.isbn=978-2-07-241081-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Çaycı1963"><span class="ouvrage" id="Abdurrahman_Çaycı1963">Abdurrahman Çaycı, <cite class="italique">La question tunisienne et la politique ottomane, 1881-1913</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 3, Baha Matbaasi, <time>1963</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3De1wTAQAAIAAJ%26dq%3D10%2Boctobre%26pg%3DPA90">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+question+tunisienne+et+la+politique+ottomane%2C+1881-1913&rft.pub=Baha+Matbaasi&rft.aulast=%C3%87ayc%C4%B1&rft.aufirst=Abdurrahman&rft.date=1963&rft.volume=3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Silva-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Silva_33-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Silva_G2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Osvaldo_Silva_G2005"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : espagnol">(es)</abbr> Osvaldo Silva G, <cite class="italique" lang="es">Atlas de Historia de Chile</cite>, Santiago, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Editorial_Universitaria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editorial Universitaria">Editorial Universitaria</a>, <time>2005</time>, 108 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-956-11-1776-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-956-11-1776-1"><span class="nowrap">978-956-11-1776-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DOyHGQaM9GYEC%26pg%3DPA94">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+de+Historia+de+Chile&rft.place=Santiago&rft.pub=Editorial+Universitaria&rft.au=Osvaldo+Silva+G&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=108&rft.isbn=978-956-11-1776-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Upchurch-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Upchurch_34-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Upchurch_34-1">b</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Upchurch_34-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Adams_Upchurch2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="T._Adams_Upchurch2009">T. Adams Upchurch, <cite class="italique">Historical Dictionary of the Gilded Age</cite>, Scarecrow Press, <time>2009</time>, 320 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8108-6299-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8108-6299-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8108-6299-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DA7jI8lotIi0C%26pg%3DPAPR18">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Gilded+Age&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.au=T.+Adams+Upchurch&rft.date=2009&rft.tpages=320&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6299-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Parodi_Revoredo2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="Daniel_Parodi_Revoredo2001">Daniel Parodi Revoredo, <cite class="italique">La laguna de los villanos : Bolivia, Arequipa y Lizardo Montero en la Guerra del Pacífico, 1881-1883</cite>, Fondo Editorial PUCP, <time>2001</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-9972-42-388-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-9972-42-388-8"><span class="nowrap">978-9972-42-388-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DTZ15quV0-tMC%26pg%3DPA24">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+laguna+de+los+villanos+%3A+Bolivia%2C+Arequipa+y+Lizardo+Montero+en+la+Guerra+del+Pac%C3%ADfico%2C+1881-1883&rft.pub=Fondo+Editorial+PUCP&rft.au=Daniel+Parodi+Revoredo&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-9972-42-388-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lafourcade1998"><span class="ouvrage" id="Maïté_Lafourcade1998">Maïté Lafourcade, <cite class="italique">La frontière des origines à nos jours : actes des journées de la Société internationale d'histoire du droit tenues à Bayonne, les 15, 16, 17 mai 1997</cite>, Presses Univ de Bordeaux, <time>1998</time>, 519 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-86781-223-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-86781-223-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-86781-223-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dl2VVLwf1oesC%26pg%3DPA300">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+fronti%C3%A8re+des+origines+%C3%A0+nos+jours+%3A+actes+des+journ%C3%A9es+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+internationale+d%27histoire+du+droit+tenues+%C3%A0+Bayonne%2C+les+15%2C+16%2C+17+mai+1997&rft.pub=Presses+Univ+de+Bordeaux&rft.aulast=Lafourcade&rft.aufirst=Ma%C3%AFt%C3%A9&rft.date=1998&rft.tpages=519&rft.isbn=978-2-86781-223-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Valencia_Avaria1951"><span class="ouvrage" id="Luis_Valencia_Avaria1951">Luis Valencia Avaria, <cite class="italique">Anales de la República</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, Andres Bello, <time>1951</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dr0__gjfl4y8C%26pg%3DPA502">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anales+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica&rft.pub=Andres+Bello&rft.au=Luis+Valencia+Avaria&rft.date=1951&rft.volume=1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Némanoff1945"><span class="ouvrage" id="Léon_Némanoff1945">Léon Némanoff, <cite class="italique">La Russie et les problèmes de la paix</cite>, La Presse française et étrangère, <time>1945</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D7GzUAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3DGeok-Tepe%26pg%3DPA365">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Russie+et+les+probl%C3%A8mes+de+la+paix&rft.pub=La+Presse+fran%C3%A7aise+et+%C3%A9trang%C3%A8re&rft.aulast=N%C3%A9manoff&rft.aufirst=L%C3%A9on&rft.date=1945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Laux2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="Claire_Laux2000">Claire Laux, <cite class="italique">Les théocraties missionnaires en Polynésie -Tahiti, Hawaii, Cook, Tonga, Gambier, Wallis et Futuna- au <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle : Des cités de Dieu dans les Mers du Sud</cite>, Harmattan, <time>2000</time>, 382 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7384-9673-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7384-9673-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7384-9673-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DI-1Mx-LXCIUC%26pg%3DPA317">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+th%C3%A9ocraties+missionnaires+en+Polyn%C3%A9sie+-Tahiti%2C+Hawaii%2C+Cook%2C+Tonga%2C+Gambier%2C+Wallis+et+Futuna-+au+XIXe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle&rft.pub=Harmattan&rft.stitle=Des+cit%C3%A9s+de+Dieu+dans+les+Mers+du+Sud&rft.aulast=Laux&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.date=2000&rft.tpages=382&rft.isbn=978-2-7384-9673-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="ChuvinLétollePeyrouse2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre_ChuvinRené_LétolleSébastien_Peyrouse2008">Pierre Chuvin, René Létolle et Sébastien Peyrouse, <cite class="italique">Histoire de l'Asie centrale contemporaine</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Librairie_Arth%C3%A8me_Fayard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Librairie Arthème Fayard">Fayard</a>, <time>2008</time>, 378 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-213-64837-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-213-64837-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-213-64837-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DrOHc11BkmDEC%26pg%3DPAPT259">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+l%27Asie+centrale+contemporaine&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.aulast=Chuvin&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.au=Ren%C3%A9+L%C3%A9tolle&rft.au=S%C3%A9bastien+Peyrouse&rft.date=2008&rft.tpages=378&rft.isbn=978-2-213-64837-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Madden1985"><span class="ouvrage" id="Frecerick_Madden1985">Frecerick Madden, <cite class="italique">Select Documents on the Constitutional History of the British Empire and Commonwealth : The Dependent Empire and Ireland, 1840-1900</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 5, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>, <time>1985</time>, 669 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-313-23897-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-313-23897-0"><span class="nowrap">978-0-313-23897-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dz8ZN3sMulRcC%26pg%3DPA121">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Select+Documents+on+the+Constitutional+History+of+the+British+Empire+and+Commonwealth+%3A+The+Dependent+Empire+and+Ireland%2C+1840-1900&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.aulast=Madden&rft.aufirst=Frecerick&rft.date=1985&rft.volume=5&rft.tpages=669&rft.isbn=978-0-313-23897-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="PrattRutt2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Keith_PrattRichard_Rutt2013">Keith Pratt et Richard Rutt, <cite class="italique">Korea : A Historical and Cultural Dictionary</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Routledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>2013</time>, 568 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-136-79393-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-136-79393-6"><span class="nowrap">978-1-136-79393-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dr15cAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA425">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Korea&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.stitle=A+Historical+and+Cultural+Dictionary&rft.aulast=Pratt&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.au=Richard+Rutt&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=568&rft.isbn=978-1-136-79393-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Thiébaud2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Marie_Thiébaud2005">Jean-Marie Thiébaud, <cite class="italique">La présence française en Corée : De la fin du <abbr class="abbr" title="18ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle à nos jours</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">Éditions L'Harmattan</a>, <time>2005</time>, 294 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-296-40288-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-296-40288-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-296-40288-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DBtveUCnqpFIC%26pg%3DPA64">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+pr%C3%A9sence+fran%C3%A7aise+en+Cor%C3%A9e&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+L%27Harmattan&rft.stitle=De+la+fin+du+%3Cabbr+class%3D%22abbr%22+title%3D%2218%E1%B5%89+si%C3%A8cle%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22romain%22%3EXVIII%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Csup+style%3D%22font-size%3A72%25%22%3Ee%3C%2Fsup%3E%3C%2Fabbr%3E%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle+%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.aulast=Thi%C3%A9baud&rft.aufirst=Jean-Marie&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=294&rft.isbn=978-2-296-40288-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Wink1990"><span class="ouvrage" id="André_Wink1990">André Wink, <cite class="italique">The encyclopaedia of Islam. Al-hind : The Making of the Indo-islamic World</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 6, BRILL, <time>1990</time>, 396 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-90-04-09249-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-90-04-09249-5"><span class="nowrap">978-90-04-09249-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DwtcUAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA1034">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+encyclopaedia+of+Islam.+Al-hind&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.stitle=The+Making+of+the+Indo-islamic+World&rft.aulast=Wink&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft.date=1990&rft.volume=6&rft.tpages=396&rft.isbn=978-90-04-09249-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="McDowall2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_McDowall2004">David McDowall, <cite class="italique">A Modern History of the Kurds : Third Edition</cite>, I.B.Tauris, <time>2004</time>, 515 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-85043-416-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-85043-416-0"><span class="nowrap">978-1-85043-416-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DdgDi9qFT41oC%26pg%3DPA65">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Modern+History+of+the+Kurds&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.stitle=Third+Edition&rft.aulast=McDowall&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004&rft.tpages=515&rft.isbn=978-1-85043-416-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Wright1970"><span class="ouvrage" id="Leigh_R._Wright1970">Leigh R. Wright, <cite class="italique">The Origins of British Borneo</cite>, Hong Kong University Press, <time>1970</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DSIJ1AAAAMAAJ%26dq%3D1881%26pg%3DPA166">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+British+Borneo&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Leigh+R.&rft.date=1970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Cordier1920"><span class="ouvrage" id="Henri_Cordier1920"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_Cordier_(orientaliste)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri Cordier (orientaliste)">Henri Cordier</a>, <cite class="italique">Histoire générale de la Chine : Depuis l'avènement de Tao Kouang (1821) jusqu’à l'époque actuelle [1919]</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 4, Paris, Paul Geuthner, <time>1920</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k26607w/f171.image">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+de+la+Chine+%3A+Depuis+l%27av%C3%A8nement+de+Tao+Kouang+%281821%29+jusqu%E2%80%99%C3%A0+l%27%C3%A9poque+actuelle+%5B1919%5D&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Paul+Geuthner&rft.aulast=Cordier&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft.date=1920&rft.volume=4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="W._Davis1980"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sandra_T._W._Davis1980">Sandra T. W. Davis, <cite class="italique">Intellectual Change and Political Development in Early Modern Japan : Ono Azusa, a Case Study</cite>, Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, <time>1980</time>, 327 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8386-1953-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8386-1953-7"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8386-1953-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dl-780neNEmsC%26pg%3DPA161">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intellectual+Change+and+Political+Development+in+Early+Modern+Japan&rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+Univ+Press&rft.stitle=Ono+Azusa%2C+a+Case+Study&rft.aulast=W.+Davis&rft.aufirst=Sandra+T.&rft.date=1980&rft.tpages=327&rft.isbn=978-0-8386-1953-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Renault2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Eudes_Renault2009">Jean-Eudes Renault, <cite class="italique">La Loi et la Croix</cite>, Lugano, Kinor, <time>2009</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DzowF3M0UJ6UC%26pg%3DPA285">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Loi+et+la+Croix&rft.place=Lugano&rft.pub=Kinor&rft.aulast=Renault&rft.aufirst=Jean-Eudes&rft.date=2009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gürsel1987"><span class="ouvrage" id="Seyfettin_Gürsel1987">Seyfettin Gürsel, <cite class="italique">L'empire ottoman face au capitalisme</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">Éditions L'Harmattan</a>, <time>1987</time>, 280 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-296-40221-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-296-40221-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-296-40221-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DswYNcLEoIUgC%26pg%3DPA127">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27empire+ottoman+face+au+capitalisme&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+L%27Harmattan&rft.aulast=G%C3%BCrsel&rft.aufirst=Seyfettin&rft.date=1987&rft.tpages=280&rft.isbn=978-2-296-40221-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Adle2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Chahryar_Adle2005">Chahryar Adle, <cite class="italique">History of civilizations of Central Asia. Towards the Contemporary Period : From the Mid-nineteenth to the End of the Twentieth Century</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 6, UNESCO, <time>2005</time>, 1033 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-92-3-103985-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-92-3-103985-0"><span class="nowrap">978-92-3-103985-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DXPfcfF8LRWQC%26pg%3DPA469">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+civilizations+of+Central+Asia.+Towards+the+Contemporary+Period+%3A+From+the+Mid-nineteenth+to+the+End+of+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.aulast=Adle&rft.aufirst=Chahryar&rft.date=2005&rft.volume=6&rft.tpages=1033&rft.isbn=978-92-3-103985-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1960"><cite class="italique">Revue historique</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 223, Presses universitaires de France, <time>1960</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DpNoXAQAAIAAJ%26dq%3D31%2Bd%25C3%25A9cembre%26pg%3DPA95">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revue+historique&rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+France&rft.date=1960&rft.volume=223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Georgeon2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="François_Georgeon2003">François Georgeon, <cite class="italique">Abdulhamid II : Le sultan calife</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Librairie_Arth%C3%A8me_Fayard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Librairie Arthème Fayard">Fayard</a>, <time>2003</time>, 540 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-213-64828-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-213-64828-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-213-64828-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DC1B80jqOaWYC%26pg%3DPAPT267">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abdulhamid+II&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.stitle=Le+sultan+calife&rft.aulast=Georgeon&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.date=2003&rft.tpages=540&rft.isbn=978-2-213-64828-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jiménez-Landi1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Antonio_Jiménez-Landi1996">Antonio Jiménez-Landi, <cite class="italique">La Institución Libre de Enseñanza y su ambiente : Periodo escolar (1881-1907)</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 3, Edicions Universitat Barcelona, <time>1996</time>, 748 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-84-89365-98-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-84-89365-98-8"><span class="nowrap">978-84-89365-98-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DXq3X6MF2z60C%26pg%3DPA313">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Instituci%C3%B3n+Libre+de+Ense%C3%B1anza+y+su+ambiente&rft.pub=Edicions+Universitat+Barcelona&rft.stitle=Periodo+escolar+%281881-1907%29&rft.aulast=Jim%C3%A9nez-Landi&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft.date=1996&rft.volume=3&rft.tpages=748&rft.isbn=978-84-89365-98-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.csendor.com/site/tortenelem-a.pdf">A Short History of the Hungarian Royal Gendarmerie and MKCsBK</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bérenger-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-B%C3%A9renger_56-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-B%C3%A9renger_56-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bérenger1990"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_Bérenger1990">Jean Bérenger, <cite class="italique">Histoire de l'Empire des Habsbourg (1273-1918)</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Librairie_Arth%C3%A8me_Fayard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Librairie Arthème Fayard">Fayard</a>, <time>1990</time>, 810 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-213-64801-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-213-64801-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-213-64801-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DfH9cUjvuE7EC%26pg%3DPAPT710">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+l%27Empire+des+Habsbourg+%281273-1918%29&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.aulast=B%C3%A9renger&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=1990&rft.tpages=810&rft.isbn=978-2-213-64801-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ducoudray1883"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gustave_Ducoudray1883">Gustave Ducoudray, <cite class="italique">Histoire de France et histoire contemporaine de 1789 à la constitution de 1875</cite>, Hachette et cie, <time>1883</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DMzwxAQAAIAAJ%26dq%3D26%2Bmars%2B1881%26pg%3DPA906">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+France+et+histoire+contemporaine+de+1789+%C3%A0+la+constitution+de+1875&rft.pub=Hachette+et+cie&rft.aulast=Ducoudray&rft.aufirst=Gustave&rft.date=1883&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-58">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="William_Moody,_W._E._Vaughan,_Francis_X._Martin,_Francis_John_Byrne2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Theodore_William_Moody,_W._E._Vaughan,_Francis_X._Martin,_Francis_John_Byrne2010">Theodore William Moody, W. E. Vaughan, Francis X. Martin, Francis John Byrne, <cite class="italique">A New History of Ireland : Ireland Under the Union, 1870-1921</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 6, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>2010</time>, 917 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-958374-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-958374-4"><span class="nowrap">978-0-19-958374-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DpYNeAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA47">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+History+of+Ireland&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.stitle=Ireland+Under+the+Union%2C+1870-1921&rft.au=Theodore+William+Moody%2C+W.+E.+Vaughan%2C+Francis+X.+Martin%2C+Francis+John+Byrne&rft.date=2010&rft.volume=6&rft.tpages=917&rft.isbn=978-0-19-958374-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Matei1974"><span class="ouvrage" id="Horia_C._Matei1974">Horia C. Matei, <cite class="italique">Chronological History of Romania</cite>, Editura enciclopedică română, <time>1974</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DXrVBAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3D1881%2B10/22%26pg%3DPA225">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronological+History+of+Romania&rft.pub=Editura+enciclopedic%C4%83+rom%C3%A2n%C4%83&rft.aulast=Matei&rft.aufirst=Horia+C.&rft.date=1974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="MușatArdeleanu1978"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mircea_MușatIon_Ardeleanu1978">Mircea Mușat et Ion Ardeleanu, <cite class="italique">La vie politique en Roumanie : 1918-1921</cite>, Academia R.S.R, <time>1978</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DHqHiAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3D1881%26pg%3DPA100">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+vie+politique+en+Roumanie&rft.pub=Academia+R.S.R&rft.stitle=1918-1921&rft.aulast=Mu%C8%99at&rft.aufirst=Mircea&rft.au=Ion+Ardeleanu&rft.date=1978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-61">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jaurès2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_Jaurès2013">Jean Jaurès, <cite class="italique">Œuvres : Défense Républicaine et Participation ministérielle</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 8, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Librairie_Arth%C3%A8me_Fayard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Librairie Arthème Fayard">Fayard</a>, <time>2013</time>, 656 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-213-67990-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-213-67990-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-213-67990-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DcUu3AAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPT48">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C5%92uvres+%3A+D%C3%A9fense+R%C3%A9publicaine+et+Participation+minist%C3%A9rielle&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.aulast=Jaur%C3%A8s&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=2013&rft.volume=8&rft.tpages=656&rft.isbn=978-2-213-67990-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Milza-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Milza_62-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Milza_62-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Milza2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre_Milza2009">Pierre Milza, <cite class="italique">Les relations internationales de 1871 à 1914</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armand_Colin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armand Colin">Armand Colin</a>, <time>2009</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-200-24530-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-200-24530-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-200-24530-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DbZRHKth-KLgC%26pg%3DPAPT39">présentation en ligne</a>)</small>, p.39<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+relations+internationales+de+1871+%C3%A0+1914&rft.pub=Armand+Colin&rft.aulast=Milza&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.date=2009&rft.pages=p.39&rft.isbn=978-2-200-24530-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Milza200945-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Milza200945_63-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Milza2009">Milza 2009</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 45. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Haine2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Malou_Haine2004">Malou Haine, <cite class="italique">L'Apollonide de Leconte de Lisle et Franz Servais : 20 ans de collaboration</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mardaga_(%C3%A9ditions)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mardaga (éditions)">Éditions Mardaga</a>, <time>2004</time>, 293 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-87009-813-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-87009-813-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-87009-813-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DpQOlzS8dwX8C%26pg%3DPA127">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Apollonide+de+Leconte+de+Lisle+et+Franz+Servais&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Mardaga&rft.stitle=20+ans+de+collaboration&rft.aulast=Haine&rft.aufirst=Malou&rft.date=2004&rft.tpages=293&rft.isbn=978-2-87009-813-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Himly1894"><span class="ouvrage" id="Auguste_Himly1894">Auguste Himly, <cite class="italique">Histoire de la formation territoriale des états de l'Europe centrale</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, Hachette et cie, <time>1894</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DJ0zFAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3D1881%26pg%3DPA425">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+formation+territoriale+des+%C3%A9tats+de+l%27Europe+centrale&rft.pub=Hachette+et+cie&rft.aulast=Himly&rft.aufirst=Auguste&rft.date=1894&rft.volume=1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-66">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Steinberg2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jonathan_Steinberg2011">Jonathan Steinberg, <cite class="italique">Bismarck : A Life</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>2011</time>, 592 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-984543-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-984543-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-19-984543-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DtwCXU4ROpRkC%26pg%3DPA410">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bismarck&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.stitle=A+Life&rft.aulast=Steinberg&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=2011&rft.tpages=592&rft.isbn=978-0-19-984543-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-67">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Köhler,_Hans_Friedrich_Zacher1983"><span class="ouvrage" id="Peter_A._Köhler,_Hans_Friedrich_Zacher1983">Peter A. Köhler, Hans Friedrich Zacher, <cite class="italique">Beiträge zu Geschichte und aktueller Situation der Sozialversicherung</cite>, Duncker & Humblot, <time>1983</time>, 737 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-3-428-45294-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-3-428-45294-1"><span class="nowrap">978-3-428-45294-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dq4QDatNfDX0C%26pg%3DPA29">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beitr%C3%A4ge+zu+Geschichte+und+aktueller+Situation+der+Sozialversicherung&rft.pub=Duncker+%26+Humblot&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6hler%2C+Hans+Friedrich+Zacher&rft.aufirst=Peter+A.&rft.date=1983&rft.tpages=737&rft.isbn=978-3-428-45294-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-68">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Merlin2017"><span class="ouvrage" id="Christian_Merlin2017">Christian Merlin, <cite class="italique">Le philharmonique de Vienne</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buchet/Chastel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Buchet/Chastel">Buchet/Chastel</a>, <time>2017</time>, 576 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-283-03070-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-283-03070-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-283-03070-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DcKLtDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPT57">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+philharmonique+de+Vienne&rft.pub=Buchet%2FChastel&rft.aulast=Merlin&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.date=2017&rft.tpages=576&rft.isbn=978-2-283-03070-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-69">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nikolaevich_Mili︠u︡kov,_Charles_Seignobos,_Louis_Eisenmann1932"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pavel_Nikolaevich_Mili︠u︡kov,_Charles_Seignobos,_Louis_Eisenmann1932">Pavel Nikolaevich Mili︠u︡kov, Charles Seignobos, Louis Eisenmann, <cite class="italique">Histoire de Russie : Réformes, réaction, révolutions</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 3, E. Leroux, <time>1932</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D_NQcAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3D28%2Bjanvier%26pg%3DPA938">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+Russie&rft.pub=E.+Leroux&rft.stitle=R%C3%A9formes%2C+r%C3%A9action%2C+r%C3%A9volutions&rft.au=Pavel+Nikolaevich+Mili%EF%B8%A0u%EF%B8%A1kov%2C+Charles+Seignobos%2C+Louis+Eisenmann&rft.date=1932&rft.volume=3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-70">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Klier2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="John_Klier2011"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> John Klier, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Russians, Jews, and the Pogroms of 1881-1882</cite>, Cambridge/New York, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>2011</time>, 492 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-89548-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-89548-4"><span class="nowrap">978-0-521-89548-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DVfVSNViOsZcC%26pg%3DPA26">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russians%2C+Jews%2C+and+the+Pogroms+of+1881-1882&rft.place=Cambridge%2FNew+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Klier&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2011&rft.tpages=492&rft.isbn=978-0-521-89548-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Aronson-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Aronson_71-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Aronson_71-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michael_Aronson1990"><span class="ouvrage" id="I._Michael_Aronson1990">I. Michael Aronson, <cite class="italique">Troubled Waters : Origins of the 1881 Anti-Jewish Pogroms in Russia</cite>, University of Pittsburgh Pre, <time>1990</time>, 302 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8229-7669-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8229-7669-1"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8229-7669-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DN4ZYlJ7XEqoC%26pg%3DPA123">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Troubled+Waters&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+Pre&rft.stitle=Origins+of+the+1881+Anti-Jewish+Pogroms+in+Russia&rft.au=I.+Michael+Aronson&rft.date=1990&rft.tpages=302&rft.isbn=978-0-8229-7669-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-72">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Carrère_d'Encausse1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hélène_Carrère_d'Encausse1996">Hélène Carrère d'Encausse, <cite class="italique">Nicolas II, la transition interrompue : Une biographie politique</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Librairie_Arth%C3%A8me_Fayard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Librairie Arthème Fayard">Fayard</a>, <time>1996</time>, 554 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-213-64976-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-213-64976-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-213-64976-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DttiRLgQAzXoC%26pg%3DPAPT33">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nicolas+II%2C+la+transition+interrompue&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.stitle=Une+biographie+politique&rft.au=H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne+Carr%C3%A8re+d%27Encausse&rft.date=1996&rft.tpages=554&rft.isbn=978-2-213-64976-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-73">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_Bodin_pour_l'histoire_comparative_des_institutions1989"><span class="ouvrage" id="Société_Jean_Bodin_pour_l'histoire_comparative_des_institutions1989">Société Jean Bodin pour l'histoire comparative des institutions, <cite class="italique">La peine : [actes du 23ème congrès réuni à Barcelone]</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 3, Bruxelles, De Boeck Supérieur, <time>1989</time>, 512 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8041-1232-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8041-1232-5"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8041-1232-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D3da46R12_CYC%26pg%3DPA311">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+peine&rft.place=Bruxelles&rft.pub=De+Boeck+Sup%C3%A9rieur&rft.stitle=%5Bactes+du+23%C3%A8me+congr%C3%A8s+r%C3%A9uni+%C3%A0+Barcelone%5D&rft.au=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+Jean+Bodin+pour+l%27histoire+comparative+des+institutions&rft.date=1989&rft.volume=3&rft.tpages=512&rft.isbn=978-2-8041-1232-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-74">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Yefimov2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="Vladimir_Yefimov2000">Vladimir Yefimov, <cite class="italique">Évolution de la législation agraire russe</cite>, MPRA Paper, <time>2000</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56506/1/MPRA_paper_56506.pdf">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C3%89volution+de+la+l%C3%A9gislation+agraire+russe&rft.pub=MPRA+Paper&rft.aulast=Yefimov&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft.date=2000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1881"></span></span></span>.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1881?uselang%3Dfr">1881</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> <li class="wikisource"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Cat%25C3%25A9gorie:1881" class="extiw" title="s:Catégorie:1881">1881</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur <span class="project">Wikisource</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://data.bnf.fr/date/1881/">L’année 1881</a> sur le site de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a></li> <li> <div class="commons plainlinks"> <b><span class="js-interprojets"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1881_paintings?uselang%3Dfr">La peinture en 1881</a></span></b> sur <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="commons:">Commons</a> </div></li> <li> <div class="commons plainlinks"> <b><span class="js-interprojets"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fashion_in_1881?uselang%3Dfr">La mode en 1881</a></span></b> sur <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="commons:">Commons</a> </div></li> </ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:%C3%89poque_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail du monde contemporain"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/18px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/18px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="18" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/27px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/36px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:%C3%89poque_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Époque contemporaine">Portail du monde contemporain</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Ann%C3%A9es_1880?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail des années 1880"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Batteuse_1881.jpg/45px-Batteuse_1881.jpg" decoding="async" width="45" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1447" data-file-height="785"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 45px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Batteuse_1881.jpg/45px-Batteuse_1881.jpg" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="45" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Batteuse_1881.jpg/67px-Batteuse_1881.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Batteuse_1881.jpg/89px-Batteuse_1881.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Ann%C3%A9es_1880?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Années 1880">Portail des années 1880</a></span> </span></li> </ul><!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐57488d5c7d‐5xmfq Cached time: 20241128013706 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.237 seconds Real time usage: 1.437 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 15375/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 448551/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 91955/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 25/100 Expensive parser function count: 44/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </section> </div><!-- MobileFormatter took 0.057 seconds --><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D1881%26oldid%3D220447973">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1881&oldid=220447973</a> ». </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Jamain" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1732093219"> <span>Dernière modification le 20 novembre 2024, à 10:00</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – abkhaze" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_%25E1%258A%25A5.%25E1%258A%25A4.%25E1%258A%25A0." title="1881 እ.ኤ.አ. – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1881 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%25B1%25DB%25B8%25DB%25B8%25DB%25B1_(%25D9%2585%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C)" title="۱۸۸۱ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۸۸۱ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_%25D0%25B9%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB" title="1881 йыл – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1881 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A7%25A7%25E0%25A7%25AE%25E0%25A7%25AE%25E0%25A7%25A7" title="১৮৮১ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৮৮১" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BF_%25E0%25A7%25A7%25E0%25A7%25AE%25E0%25A7%25AE%25E0%25A7%25A7" title="মারি ১৮৮১ – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৮৮১" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881." title="1881. – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1881." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_ni%25C3%25A8ng" title="1881 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1881 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_%25D1%2588%25D0%25BE" title="1881 шо – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1881 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25A1%25D9%25A8%25D9%25A8%25D9%25A1" title="١٨٨١ – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٨٨١" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – tatar de Crimée" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatar de Crimée" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – kachoube" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kachoube" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%25B1%25DB%25B8%25DB%25B8%25DB%25B1" title="۱۸۸۱ – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۸۸۱" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – frioulan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="frioulan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881%25E5%25B9%25B4" title="1881年 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1881年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881-ngi%25C3%25A8n" title="1881-ngièn – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1881-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AE%25E0%25A5%25AE%25E0%25A5%25A7" title="१८८१ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१८८१" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881." title="1881. – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1881." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – haut-sorabe" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="haut-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1881 (almanak gregoryen) – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1881 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6" title="1881 թուական – arménien occidental" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1881 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="arménien occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881%25E5%25B9%25B4" title="1881年 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1881年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_%25D0%25B6%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB" title="1881 жыл – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1881 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B3%25A7%25E0%25B3%25AE%25E0%25B3%25AE%25E0%25B3%25A7" title="೧೮೮೧ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೮೮೧" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881%25EB%2585%2584" title="1881년 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1881년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B6%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB" title="1881 джыл – karatchaï balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1881 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatchaï balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1881" title="Joohr 1881 – kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1881" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881-%25D3%25A7%25D0%25B4_%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="1881-ӧд во – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1881-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581" title="1881 йис – lezghien" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1881 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_m." title="1881 m. – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1881 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881._gads" title="1881. gads – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1881. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AE%25E0%25A5%25AE%25E0%25A5%25A7" title="१८८१ – maïthili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१८८१" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maïthili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – mokcha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587.%25E0%25A4%25B8._%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AE%25E0%25A5%25AE%25E0%25A5%25A7" title="इ.स. १८८१ – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १८८१" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_%25D0%25B8" title="1881 и – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1881 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2581%2581%25E1%2581%2588%25E1%2581%2588%25E1%2581%2581" title="၁၈၈၁ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၈၈၁" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5" title="1881 ие – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1881 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%25B1%25DB%25B8%25DB%25B8%25DB%25B1" title="۱۸۸۱ – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۸۸۱" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – napolitain" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – bas-saxon néerlandais" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="bas-saxon néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2588_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%2582_%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AE%25E0%25A5%25AE%25E0%25A5%25A7" title="ई सं १८८१ – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १८८१" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – sotho du Nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AD%25A7%25E0%25AD%25AE%25E0%25AD%25AE%25E0%25AD%25A7" title="୧୮୮୧ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୮୮୧" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881-%25C3%25A6%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7" title="1881-æм аз – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1881-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AE%25E0%25A5%25AE%25E0%25A5%25A7" title="१८८१ – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१८८१" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4" title="1881 год – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1881 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AE%25E0%25A5%25AE%25E0%25A5%25A7" title="१८८१ – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१८८१" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – sarde" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881%25D8%25B9" title="1881ع – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1881ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – same d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="same d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – silésien" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – tétoum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tétoum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8_1881" title="Соли 1881 – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1881" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259E.%25E0%25B8%25A8._2424" title="พ.ศ. 2424 – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2424" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB" title="1881 ел – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1881 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="1881 ар – oudmourte" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1881 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="oudmourte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881%25D8%25A1" title="1881ء – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1881ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – flamand occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamand occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881%25E5%25B9%25B4" title="1881年 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1881年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_nienz" title="1881 nienz – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1881 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881 – zélandais" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1881" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zélandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881%25E5%25B9%25B4" title="1881年 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1881年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%2580%25E5%2585%25AB%25E5%2585%25AB%25E4%25B8%2580%25E5%25B9%25B4" title="一八八一年 – chinois littéraire" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一八八一年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinois littéraire" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_n%25C3%25AE" title="1881 nî – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1881 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881%25E5%25B9%25B4" title="1881年 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1881年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 20 novembre 2024 à 10:00.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Le contenu est disponible sous licence <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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