CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91346c103de2f8d0',cH: 'AyGJupFNHmmMvIh6BmsmQaT4aaynMg_2Mt4QONVJQrE-1739781096-1.2.1.1-Lor8rMyezgCViQcWO8u0laCY5TbB7sVFacjgX9HTF.vCl5qQCjCgB..ueR6UBMhB',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Betul%20Kirci&__cf_chl_tk=P7q1ROuG2lxrWTUJTQgBld81zw0vw8WsaQsCYVBnD3c-1739781096-1.0.1.1-0FHzOznUgt.xUa3.mauX3_YV01b9unsibmYxQtcLrhs",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739781096',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Betul%20Kirci&__cf_chl_f_tk=P7q1ROuG2lxrWTUJTQgBld81zw0vw8WsaQsCYVBnD3c-1739781096-1.0.1.1-0FHzOznUgt.xUa3.mauX3_YV01b9unsibmYxQtcLrhs",md: "Y0kN5DxlGRzNBQ2fKmxyz8sLKXdgPfA_X2u5qnwYqpw-1739781096-1.2.1.1-j4k36xSOlQkUq7FvDUkgnB66pErvxbvJRUs13uNo36U.WvifKhYeCz3dqyNdWzhztv3xY18wehb.dazcLJ8q4wuBHN6VBKFmjo7nsCagllwBYvwjxC4vD56CTUHM__iul7KKrXts_jMeL2Ba5SNyXw_UbyR2hEqb.ozv_rQaC0g83Vp1bSBHQQbnkS1FYLHL2yJFEYQuLWUIVaUAZf_pqx4N8pGByYOjdsoOD3gBof1bL5hsm5jRxGlby4VAoCJo7xVqJw5l9o2ePlOJnmn7pAeguWnEwA9jMIBlPsKITdqE3vIg8Thcu8XvgxES8aCzMDfQz99MjlKAwQkZWjrcbRBLJbFLzVTe7_D3d7uOG_oP2k9ppAXop0gUA03YTSWjHbBLH8td6gKhd0uSrBxyRtRbVB.Z_RfQe4.WsjOokyNEB0ztqk8i2VI3KuFGZTDUcakjnDSUWHmww8vSgSqCqgY5DimEzWpHBzZAA9PCPmBQHBkcfLppDx4QQQq8bUBPPhD7S7MXBzoaDrsma2E_3taOsZqgllUty8s0xMvqkdYygvpOYkv5tvdic_zXKUg0L5CsUI6tZXsnycKVwcWpT8gNDlYSLEsJ6HRYy55zPtQsA2V9pnv0dp0dBMDxyaLHXMcpwukneYGjwWPcPAsbcXShqnwIxfvRrNUDrazZZYpWSaMmjFtUS9nY9We6k1PpOYYJ8.wpMrCsfTu9q3VYHywvFi1wNMHeZ0Q8tpHWK1It6P3F.TwhqNXlF05LCpMl3JISbuqX9fy2ZgSAo4M_BuhVpNrAF3pTP5L5IwZThHYnX3P6EvBHs4JcoxtLR8ngZoTq5Lnh2hHAYP.8RtOgt9cLA2SKGIn8o.HbAJ8VQy5QLHs.S1soo5361Edh45gS6FaEhICPXWHu9kKAQhk1_3yNoYQ5b13Z1R5e9BHke49OOWoqUunc_yjou9hzVWErd3EXbKVjDSCWJsnb4THSCag9wiCCbpPT1XO0_oFdIkCzW89L79nGokLKyh6i5w7qvFfahSGgdgY3Brmv4OK4Y84AnYZVvYBVEBcFNRzPF97o7ileyy_jgCWudriP.NHjvnxAaPmcUqqrIgIcPuDfZBQPLgzMvKE8EWPHwrc4nm5MAXY8Nvx65W8z8XcNTFT5Avl.u.h0.v3AWN6J5Kz0O0lBx55df3YCanpAoYF6dp0lflp855jDK3MI.57g8tYBmDyHg8A9zRdOP7JGmPGberYI63X61x9ihXOjvPJ5uKFRAUvDCYHCPb7cqTUxsKJbjQzH2mgm1inTZuuR4QJSLCE.6ITqppBcPgm3Agr1wuddEgO4tQZsGVS3H4cTtMMOWIgGw4O9ziuHdMVBSfsqY0PsSvpcfzFekOoX75e2QqBlmeuEDOaHjUAeVU.SM2bAHD6N5AVzRw6cDkL4hpUqnEpyLhFX6UXAaRu5zCpeC2RA33HtMiTPO5H80DJY4o7u5SHQkm2ORdCkwrGdktGyJcV8Op2kb29feL9yr62R_ZgkjKTDfCfCw.dYojRwiUOJsgWB3HPnxhDTNCao4Mko3vZWCUHGhx8XhJKp3eLVrkZBAUwqEddCT47K0ZI8x7z9qFabwN0ooZ3LFYa41LFNlLLDKaLkqRtJnTdAstMczSdpc9SrAqSfr8083ByRLZdvpMJJQqxprGPXL0foYb97n8m7mSz42l64.gFceL65.5xTl7UxeoqDmZvW0yVNCol.qpENtmP1wP5cNW8are.UVdaYYgFgiWentI0qaT8JqGBT44f4nWj5jQ_7CyzQJ2iiwkYP.jmSoGCHi4FgrlQZRZ8Z4RyuRqdOUfykXQ2UchQ66V35efWH5mel.D_gVs9x_JUlS4ZbPG.bJNcnFKJNnMvTDcjsOL6lZvqOlN3MACdTsYc81qh2_EVgoinNSEvY7SYQ1A.Un1rmAZiu2PzGDUEL9xtg53zhtggbpzaZPt4",mdrd: "NxDnOt.Z8FYXHBSEA_2QzkyxKH4dRwajm_4vCUWHbgM-1739781096-1.2.1.1-kJWGXUglNxhpi9mxzMf13.Q.qXb6o2PSyB9FcrLsD3VeGThzRpVstgHUwec7LxkV2kGTB7HkkcaVhgaJgsxMvxGz2IZiyWcNn8jsPKj2E_4duWpq6_k3pWZseCuZcxCZ.bb9yR1jN6ljQcrgBD1VoTV8UPG_zR1uJG170JdR.J8kCUc_fHlQUDPKFxAbD.Vq5mL24hJeKKnrcyl17Qf4RKiZpGL1uZ0Y2P_dQ72KADAUaXCIsaFcsR9s86_fWp7l5B0zMC78zH7Wrj3sQU5p1z92ZHX8gHVW7qFYgRjigEMxw1zo6T6FFq7ALBn3O845VpbrO7.TcSMmrfBnYaqmhQt9R_hSBrk8EqdFFlOktnsJNQC1HjP94DFdjO969Fj3yWdvuMW64XfQ.01FnxEbMJfDhIQFgKdTD3JDhoYkR_.7ihLhKzAGM2ReuW4SSYz3Ii7tOOjyl7l_6PIn181b.5dHLk.TJUWqReaZSLoYyKhVtv0mV3IHVKwcC6yIBIyR6DRFPK1qJjRqSQHkPawWKrKQaLM0ny451Fo7GGEq7p7cr9M_qcZBY8nmiCjFfLntKFAPPIp9MjTELRdDnzVuxalIEIdnTEyjUrQW5f8WqLcBLqvj1TPbJhX.8ASU0A_sL6TFJVA3QzbxzJduNmKkzcoLUxSxCIGyX3pMqb11eyQ9235tQ.ay3s7ii9ABGpniabDsJ8JxWEi1Ek4feSCPwfQ1ZXOdAHWV9nQukoIWR6iixh8twkWzf9omqb_7TyDBXRFYoYDJJRsioascIxImbh4qBHZQfbDRhy3PW2CzlwrkCcIz_yGnc9ihuFX2Tl_au2Lfpw2jPq01dcpj8O0s_O.yFM.0.mNxCWt0GXER1W9AL.PHL9XnWTJ.2777B20Huvw.oYcIgdwkMEWfdbzY7g6jPDcgky7F09rMmZlIJ9wCXrbOAqnHlpjiIdflkfm.AahQbo1D.8gQQBShRMl.Pnr22KswfWwbILHUgPwWJdudXZxNmnuTsO1QLtJVBkRvvrw3IO3NINYPywpC6WmuF.YO8v1ZMKgllNTQbMv4F5BIpJsFUO1gHqpdxUTso_Jpl98kSmDAXhfx55DXTKw2q7puypzqWeJK0YNEvR2SVnnsSU8rEqNbltDLefZ6u_DpVqcDAFNat9.mcOmFqpmmYKNktB4__GFVKA_0oRS8i1eFCuQq7svysAwghnAdvYwtM6f94F7jVrpVIdC1TL2fAixpSV_8xD3UerlalSomkmrgmlMYJxaIosInFxQr3FxGvJoNpXSHPwT1U0oCEH3sWMUV1lfRYML6shhOVV.sgFd1aVheDsrxqXASccIw_95DtsbdOmen7_8VZpO.lUtR9NQr5BGRvfD3rw9QqHMdAw4C.orxoZB_l33jTKhmFXv.6PhN9twfSa4qwTjGXoz2.MMS1Ck4tUW6_warXTYf74LzN96oXsb.Ghqfec7bBZjTihQHUKLd5THgXyNBfJS1gt3DrC7FRj7i6lun.N6OJKJi_OtHTDcVMCaJdSq_IubbSJZWH_TSadqCBG5tqvUl9CYt1Z.BMQnI.9w89AhM4FTFaRIBEq5qopSD0XYjWA_9qjNNNVitbnAb8eEHSv07nKlPShYgFFVCOrU2eNRPjgz7ERhGaAx5mGa6przNRvLA8XZfbo3Cg6oDQdsleXfhY6Vlq1C61slheTLBpzb4TlOFtbGEz92tj3KsuXrwFt5AKvWZjVYke2hy6ZvuWPiG2nyU9NvoU_9qwl56X6wEANd6wQVKt_oMuh0TADBWHx5ePEh_4scjx0bW5PKniOD_yBGRojkVrq8ZmI8_JmgY6TtcaIkOvgdQ5Oh01G.2aDkizQltJHpURO7XfOs1dQU9tObN1uZ7p0FF.KkHqBjFGxXvkge3nyK9ruH3U9lheK3uIY4RhDtALHOv0TJscHaMxVCkICK_VhwQ4OiemCuGxnxSVColsQ8sCJ5W2SbkPnzngyceJiUQcN3XpKHjVUHIRw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91346c103de2f8d0';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Betul%20Kirci&__cf_chl_rt_tk=P7q1ROuG2lxrWTUJTQgBld81zw0vw8WsaQsCYVBnD3c-1739781096-1.0.1.1-0FHzOznUgt.xUa3.mauX3_YV01b9unsibmYxQtcLrhs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>