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uBibliorum: Les茫o Renal Aguda em contexto de Cuidados Intensivos: do Diagn贸stico Etiol贸gico ao Tratamento
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head prefix="dspace: https://ubibliorum.ubi.pt"> <title>uBibliorum: Les茫o Renal Aguda em contexto de Cuidados Intensivos: do Diagn贸stico Etiol贸gico ao Tratamento</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name="Generator" content="DSpace 5.2" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <!-- RCCAP - Open Graph Protocol implementation--> <meta property="og:title" content="Les茫o Renal Aguda em contexto de Cuidados Intensivos: do Diagn贸stico Etiol贸gico ao Tratamento" /> <meta property="og:type" content="dspace:page" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://ubibliorum.ubi.pt/handle/10400.6/8688" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://ubibliorum.ubi.pt/image/logos/logo.png" /> <!-- /RCCAP - Open Graph Protocol implementation--> <!-- Stylesheets --> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/jquery-ui-1.10.3.custom/redmond/jquery-ui-1.10.3.custom.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/bootstrap/layout2.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/bootstrap/dspace-theme.css" type="text/css" /> <!-- RSS --> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open-search/description.xml" title="Ubibliorum"/> <link rel="schema.DCTERMS" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" /> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <meta name="DC.contributor" content="Sousa, Miguel Castelo Branco Craveiro de" /> <meta name="DC.creator" content="Reis, M贸nica Rodrigues dos" /> <meta name="DCTERMS.dateAccepted" content="2020-01-23T17:11:47Z" scheme="DCTERMS.W3CDTF" /> <meta name="DCTERMS.available" content="2020-01-23T17:11:47Z" scheme="DCTERMS.W3CDTF" /> <meta name="DCTERMS.issued" content="2019-07-05" scheme="DCTERMS.W3CDTF" /> <meta name="DC.date" content="2019-05-07" scheme="DCTERMS.W3CDTF" /> <meta name="DC.identifier" content="http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/8688" scheme="DCTERMS.URI" /> <meta name="DCTERMS.abstract" content="A les茫o renal aguda, como s铆ndrome, tem uma taxa de morbilidade e mortalidade muito elevada. No contexto de unidade de cuidados intensivos, assume enorme import芒ncia. Porqu锚? O aumento da morbimortalidade relacionada com esta s铆ndrome 茅 complexo e est谩 relacionado com diversas etiologias. Esta revis茫o examina a linha de tempo: do diagn贸stico etiol贸gico ao tratamento.
A les茫o renal aguda 茅 definida como uma perda s煤bita da fun莽茫o renal, associada a uma diminui莽茫o da taxa de filtra莽茫o glomerular com um aumento consecutivo da creatinina e do azoto ureico. 脡 mais frequentemente causada pela diminui莽茫o da perfus茫o renal, mas tamb茅m pode ser devido a danos renais diretos ou por obstru莽茫o do trato renal. Na les茫o renal aguda, a homeostase 谩cido-base e o equil铆brio hidroeletrol铆tico s茫o perturbados, e ocorre reten莽茫o de metabolitos nitrogenados e n茫o nitrogenados.
As principais interven莽玫es cl铆nicas visam prevenir a perda da fun莽茫o renal e evitar a progress茫o da doen莽a para o grau de cronicidade, com poss铆vel impacto na redu莽茫o dos custos de tratamento e hospitaliza莽茫o. A identifica莽茫o dos fatores de risco da les茫o renal aguda 茅 um passo fundamental nas estrat茅gias de sequenciamento, cujo objetivo deve ser o diagn贸stico precoce e o tratamento adequado. A les茫o renal aguda 茅 tratada inicialmente de forma n茫o invasiva, atrav茅s da corre莽茫o da hipovol茅mia e retifica莽茫o da hiponatr茅mia, hipercali茅mia, da acidose metab贸lica e hiperfosfat茅mia. 脡 igualmente importante converter um paciente olig煤rico em um n茫o olig煤rico, fazendo com que a gest茫o da les茫o renal aguda se torne mais f谩cil.
Medidas como a descontinua莽茫o de agentes nefrot贸xicos, estabiliza莽茫o hemodin芒mica, adequa莽茫o do volume, monitoriza莽茫o da creatinina s茅rica e do d茅bito urin谩rio, considera莽茫o de alternativas para testes complementares de diagn贸stico sem administra莽茫o de produto de contraste, evitar hiperglicemia e iniciar terapia de substitui莽茫o da fun莽茫o renal em tempo oportuno s茫o estrat茅gias determinantes. A terapia de substitui莽茫o da fun莽茫o renal foi necess谩ria em 13,5% dos pacientes com les茫o renal aguda em unidades de cuidados intensivos, sendo este procedimento associado a um alto risco de mortalidade. A decis茫o de iniciar a terapia de substitui莽茫o da fun莽茫o renal 茅 baseada em caracter铆sticas cl铆nicas de sobrecarga de volume, olig煤ria e desequil铆brio bioqu铆mico, tais como azotemia, hipercali茅mia, acidose metab贸lica grave, intoxica莽茫o por subst芒ncias que podem ser dialisadas e rabdomi贸lise.
Na unidade de cuidados intensivos, a corrida contra o tempo 茅 determinante para a preven莽茫o da les茫o renal aguda e a identifica莽茫o exata desta s铆ndrome contribui para a diminui莽茫o das taxas de morbilidade e mortalidade." xml:lang="por" /> <meta name="DCTERMS.abstract" content="Acute kidney injury as a syndrome has a very high morbidity and mortality rate. In the ICU setting this is extremely important. Why? The independently increased morbidity and mortality of this clinical syndrome is complex and caused by multiple etiologies resultant from multiple renal insults. This review examines the timeline from etiological diagnosis to treatment.
Acute kidney injury is defined as a sudden loss of renal function, associated with a decrease in glomerular filtration rate with a consecutive increase in creatinine and urea nitrogen. It is most often caused by decreased renal perfusion, but may also be due to direct renal damage or caused obstruction of the urinary tract. In acute kidney injury, acid-base homeostasis, and retention of nitrogenous and non-nitrogen metabolites.
The main clinical interventions aim to prevent the loss of renal function and avoiding the progression of the disease to the degree of chronicity. As these interventions aims to recover renal function they will also impact on the reduction of treatment costs and hospitalization. The identification of risk factors for acute kidney injury is a critical step in sequencing strategies whose objective should be the early diagnosis and the appropriate treatment. Acute kidney injury is initially treated conservatively, by correcting hypovolemia and rectification of hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis and hyperphosphatemia. It is also important to convert an oliguric patient into a non-oliguric, making the management of acute kidney injury easier. This intervention does however not have a huge impact on the outcomes in terms of mobimortality. Measures such as discontinuation of nephrotoxic agents, hemodynamic stabilization, adequate volume input, monitoring of serum creatinine and urinary output, consider alternatives to complementary diagnostic tests using contrast, avoid hyperglycemia and the establishment of renal replacement therapy at a timely stage are determinant strategies. Renal replacement therapy was necessary in 13.5% of the patients with acute kidney injury in intensive care units, and this procedure was associated with a high risk of mortality. The decision to initiate renal replacement therapy is based on clinical features of volume overload, oliguria and biochemical imbalance, such as azotemia, hyperkalemia, severe metabolic acidosis, intoxications by substances that can be dialyzed and rhabdomyolysis. In the ICU the race against time is on to prevent AKI. Accurate identification will assist in the prevention of this syndrome before it independently adds to morbidity and mortality rates." xml:lang="eng" /> <meta name="DC.language" content="por" xml:lang="por" scheme="DCTERMS.RFC1766" /> <meta name="DC.rights" content="openAccess" xml:lang="por" /> <meta name="DC.subject" content="Les茫o Renal Aguda" xml:lang="por" /> <meta name="DC.subject" content="Terapia de Substitui莽茫o da Fun莽茫o Renal" xml:lang="por" /> <meta name="DC.subject" content="Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos" xml:lang="por" /> <meta name="DC.title" content="Les茫o Renal Aguda em contexto de Cuidados Intensivos: do Diagn贸stico Etiol贸gico ao Tratamento" xml:lang="por" /> <meta name="DCTERMS.alternative" content="Uma revis茫o da literatura" xml:lang="por" /> <meta name="DC.type" content="masterThesis" xml:lang="por" /> <meta name="DC.identifier" content="202373410" /> <meta name="DC.subject" content="Dom铆nio/脕rea Cient铆fica::Ci锚ncias M茅dicas::Ci锚ncias da Sa煤de::Medicina" xml:lang="por" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Reis, M贸nica Rodrigues dos" /> <meta name="citation_date" content="2019-07-05" /> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://ubibliorum.ubi.pt/handle/10400.6/8688" /> <meta name="citation_language" content="por" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://ubibliorum.ubi.pt/bitstream/10400.6/8688/1/6877_14673.pdf" /> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Les茫o Renal Aguda; Terapia de Substitui莽茫o da Fun莽茫o Renal; Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos; masterThesis" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Les茫o Renal Aguda em contexto de Cuidados Intensivos: do Diagn贸stico Etiol贸gico ao Tratamento" /> <meta name="citation_dissertation_name" content="Les茫o Renal Aguda em contexto de Cuidados Intensivos: do Diagn贸stico Etiol贸gico ao Tratamento" /> <!-- JS --> <script type='text/javascript' src="/static/js/jquery/jquery-1.10.2.min.js"></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/static/js/jquery/jquery-ui-1.10.3.custom.min.js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/static/js/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/static/js/holder.js'></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/utils.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/choice-support.js"> </script> <!-- PLUMX --> <!--<script type="text/javascript" src="https://d39af2mgp1pqhg.cloudfront.net/widget-popup.js"></script>--> <!--<script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.plu.mx/widget-popup.js"></script>--> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.plu.mx/widget-details.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-19965733-20']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 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No contexto de unidade de cuidados intensivos, assume enorme import芒ncia. Porqu锚? O aumento da morbimortalidade relacionada com esta s铆ndrome 茅 complexo e est谩 relacionado com diversas etiologias. Esta revis茫o examina a linha de tempo: do diagn贸stico etiol贸gico ao tratamento.
A les茫o renal aguda 茅 definida como uma perda s煤bita da fun莽茫o renal, associada a uma diminui莽茫o da taxa de filtra莽茫o glomerular com um aumento consecutivo da creatinina e do azoto ureico. 脡 mais frequentemente causada pela diminui莽茫o da perfus茫o renal, mas tamb茅m pode ser devido a danos renais diretos ou por obstru莽茫o do trato renal. Na les茫o renal aguda, a homeostase 谩cido-base e o equil铆brio hidroeletrol铆tico s茫o perturbados, e ocorre reten莽茫o de metabolitos nitrogenados e n茫o nitrogenados.
As principais interven莽玫es cl铆nicas visam prevenir a perda da fun莽茫o renal e evitar a progress茫o da doen莽a para o grau de cronicidade, com poss铆vel impacto na redu莽茫o dos custos de tratamento e hospitaliza莽茫o. A identifica莽茫o dos fatores de risco da les茫o renal aguda 茅 um passo fundamental nas estrat茅gias de sequenciamento, cujo objetivo deve ser o diagn贸stico precoce e o tratamento adequado. A les茫o renal aguda 茅 tratada inicialmente de forma n茫o invasiva, atrav茅s da corre莽茫o da hipovol茅mia e retifica莽茫o da hiponatr茅mia, hipercali茅mia, da acidose metab贸lica e hiperfosfat茅mia. 脡 igualmente importante converter um paciente olig煤rico em um n茫o olig煤rico, fazendo com que a gest茫o da les茫o renal aguda se torne mais f谩cil.
Medidas como a descontinua莽茫o de agentes nefrot贸xicos, estabiliza莽茫o hemodin芒mica, adequa莽茫o do volume, monitoriza莽茫o da creatinina s茅rica e do d茅bito urin谩rio, considera莽茫o de alternativas para testes complementares de diagn贸stico sem administra莽茫o de produto de contraste, evitar hiperglicemia e iniciar terapia de substitui莽茫o da fun莽茫o renal em tempo oportuno s茫o estrat茅gias determinantes. A terapia de substitui莽茫o da fun莽茫o renal foi necess谩ria em 13,5% dos pacientes com les茫o renal aguda em unidades de cuidados intensivos, sendo este procedimento associado a um alto risco de mortalidade. A decis茫o de iniciar a terapia de substitui莽茫o da fun莽茫o renal 茅 baseada em caracter铆sticas cl铆nicas de sobrecarga de volume, olig煤ria e desequil铆brio bioqu铆mico, tais como azotemia, hipercali茅mia, acidose metab贸lica grave, intoxica莽茫o por subst芒ncias que podem ser dialisadas e rabdomi贸lise.
Na unidade de cuidados intensivos, a corrida contra o tempo 茅 determinante para a preven莽茫o da les茫o renal aguda e a identifica莽茫o exata desta s铆ndrome contribui para a diminui莽茫o das taxas de morbilidade e mortalidade.<hr class="abstract" />Acute kidney injury as a syndrome has a very high morbidity and mortality rate. In the ICU setting this is extremely important. Why? The independently increased morbidity and mortality of this clinical syndrome is complex and caused by multiple etiologies resultant from multiple renal insults. This review examines the timeline from etiological diagnosis to treatment.
Acute kidney injury is defined as a sudden loss of renal function, associated with a decrease in glomerular filtration rate with a consecutive increase in creatinine and urea nitrogen. It is most often caused by decreased renal perfusion, but may also be due to direct renal damage or caused obstruction of the urinary tract. In acute kidney injury, acid-base homeostasis, and retention of nitrogenous and non-nitrogen metabolites.
The main clinical interventions aim to prevent the loss of renal function and avoiding the progression of the disease to the degree of chronicity. As these interventions aims to recover renal function they will also impact on the reduction of treatment costs and hospitalization. The identification of risk factors for acute kidney injury is a critical step in sequencing strategies whose objective should be the early diagnosis and the appropriate treatment. Acute kidney injury is initially treated conservatively, by correcting hypovolemia and rectification of hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis and hyperphosphatemia. It is also important to convert an oliguric patient into a non-oliguric, making the management of acute kidney injury easier. This intervention does however not have a huge impact on the outcomes in terms of mobimortality. Measures such as discontinuation of nephrotoxic agents, hemodynamic stabilization, adequate volume input, monitoring of serum creatinine and urinary output, consider alternatives to complementary diagnostic tests using contrast, avoid hyperglycemia and the establishment of renal replacement therapy at a timely stage are determinant strategies. Renal replacement therapy was necessary in 13.5% of the patients with acute kidney injury in intensive care units, and this procedure was associated with a high risk of mortality. The decision to initiate renal replacement therapy is based on clinical features of volume overload, oliguria and biochemical imbalance, such as azotemia, hyperkalemia, severe metabolic acidosis, intoxications by substances that can be dialyzed and rhabdomyolysis. In the ICU the race against time is on to prevent AKI. Accurate identification will assist in the prevention of this syndrome before it independently adds to morbidity and mortality rates.</td></tr> <tr><td class="metadataFieldLabel">URI: </td><td class="metadataFieldValue"><a href="http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/8688">http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/8688</a></td></tr> <tr><td class="metadataFieldLabel">Designação: </td><td class="metadataFieldValue">Mestrado Integrado em Medicina</td></tr> <tr><td class="metadataFieldLabel">Aparece nas colec莽玫es:</td><td class="metadataFieldValue"><a href="/handle/10400.6/222">FCS - DCM | Disserta莽玫es de Mestrado e Teses de Doutoramento</a><br/></td></tr> </table><br/> <div class="panel panel-info"><div class="panel-heading">Ficheiros deste registo:</div> <table class="table panel-body"><tr><th id="t1" class="standard">Ficheiro</th> <th id="t2" class="standard">Descri莽茫o </th> <th id="t3" class="standard">Tamanho</th><th id="t4" class="standard">Formato</th><th> </th></tr> <tr><td headers="t1" 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