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type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"https://www.scmp.com/news","name":"News"},"position":1},{"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china","name":"China"},"position":2},{"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy","name":"Diplomacy"},"position":3}]}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3282745/could-ugandan-rail-deal-convince-china-help-get-kenyan-project-back-track","@type":"WebPage"}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":["NewsArticle","ReportageNewsArticle"],"alternativeHeadline":"‘Quite crucial’: Ugandan rail deal spurs hope of Chinese project resumption","articleBody":"A Ugandan construction deal could provide the impetus needed to see China hand over extra financing to a stalled rail project in Kenya, according to observers.\nOn Monday last week, Uganda awarded Turkish construction firm Yapi Merkezi the contract to build a 272km (169-mile) section of the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) from capital Kampala to Malaba at the Kenyan border, at a cost of US$3 billion.\nIt comes just over a year since funding delays saw Kampala terminate a 2015 contract it had with China Harbour and Engineering Company (CHEC) to build the railway.\nYapi Merkezi termed the deal as “one of the largest projects signed by Turkish contractors abroad” and said it holds strategic significance not only for Uganda but also for East Africa.\nThe contract involves the design, construction and supply of rail vehicles for a standard gauge railway that meets European and American standards. It will be fully electrified, the firm said.\nUganda is optimistic the railway will lower the cost of doing business, reduce the strain on roads and support the country’s ambition to export 12 million bags of coffee each year.\nBut the effects of the deal could extend past Uganda’s border. Observers believe it will also increase the likelihood of China funding the Naivasha to Malaba leg of the Kenyan SGR, since the ability to freight goods into Uganda – and beyond to Rwanda, South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) – will see a major boost to revenues.\nThe SGR project is part of the East African Railway Master Plan, aimed at revitalising the railways servicing Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and extending to Rwanda and Burundi and eventually to South Sudan and the DRC.\nIn 2013, Chinese planners incorporated the railway plan into what was then the newly announced Belt and Road Initiative.\nIn 2014 and 2015, Kenya secured about US$5 billion from China Eximbank to build its 590km (366-mile) track from the Indian Ocean port city of Mombasa through capital Nairobi to Naivasha, a town in the Central Rift Valley. This was completed in 2017.\nBut the line never went any further. China Eximbank pulled the plug on finance for the project’s extension to Malaba without a new commercial viability study.\n\nTim Zajontz, a research fellow in the Centre for International and Comparative Politics at South Africa’s Stellenbosch University, said paradoxically, the contract between Kampala and Yapi Merkezi must be reassuring for Chinese financiers, even if the project has not been awarded to a Chinese firm.\n“The viability of Kenya’s SGR, which is a belt and road flagship project, depends on cross-border cargo that is destined for Kampala and beyond,” Zajontz, who is also a lecturer in global political economy at the University of Freiburg, said.\nThe fact that Uganda is now finally going to build the Malaba-Kampala section increases the chances that Chinese banks will get involved in closing the Kenyan SGR gap between Naivasha and the Ugandan border, he said. The prospect of cargo travelling seamlessly from Mombasa to Kampala should positively affect the internal rate of return of Kenya’s SGR.\n“This is quite crucial, especially if the extension from Naivasha to the Ugandan border should come in the form of a public-private partnership with Chinese participation,” Zajontz said.\nHowever, sub-Saharan Africa geoeconomic analyst Aly-Khan Satchu said the main issue for China is the lack of coordination and alignment among East African nations and, as such, China is probably not keen or invested in achieving that alignment.\n“Therefore, my sense is East African nations are on their own and working independently of Beijing,” Satchu said of the decision by the countries to proceed to implement the railway projects individually rather than financing and building them jointly, as originally envisioned by the East African Community.\n\nFor Uganda, the Kampala-Malaba railway is part of the country’s ambition to build a 1,700km (1,056-mile) electric railway line in phases to boost trade and cut transport costs. The first phase will cover the 272km (169-mile) Malaba-Kampala route, followed by northern, western and southern lines linking to South Sudan, DRC and Rwanda, according to Uganda’s Standard Gauge Railway project coordinator Perez Wamburu.\nLast week, Uganda’s works and transport minister Edward Katumba Wamala said Uganda will use its own funds and credit from export credit organisations to finance its rail project, which will take four years to complete once work begins next month.\nHe also revealed that Kenya is working on connecting Naivasha to Malaba, “and together, their infrastructure will bring the SGR to life, unlocking economic opportunities across the region”.\nMeanwhile, Kenyan officials said they had resumed talks with China to fund the extension of the railway to Malaba.\nOn the sidelines of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) held in Beijing in September, Kenyan President William Ruto spoke to Chinese President Xi Jinping on the issue of extending the railway to the Ugandan border to boost regional trade.\n“We agreed to discuss regional infrastructure projects such as the expansion of the SGR,” Ruto said at the time.\nHowever, Satchu is sceptical that Kenya has its “ducks in a row” to a degree that Beijing would be keen to bankroll the extension of Kenya’s SGR.\n“They [China] might prefer to continue to see a roll-down in Kenya exposure,” Satchu said of the railway loans that Kenya currently owes Chinese lenders.\n\n\nZajontz said the Kenyan government has tried to solicit funding for an extension for years – from both Chinese and non-Chinese sources.\n“So far, banks have been reluctant to sign another loan, considering Kenya’s difficult fiscal situation,” Zajontz said. He added that a lot depends on Nairobi’s debt management efforts and on the International Monetary Fund which is monitoring Kenya’s debt portfolio closely.\n“If packaged as a bankable project, we might see another public-private partnership after the Tazara rehabilitation deal that was announced last month,” Zajontz, co-editor of the book Africa’s Railway Renaissance, said.\n“Obviously, Yapi Merkezi now has a firm foot in the door of Uganda’s railway construction market. However, this does not mean that possible future extensions beyond Kampala towards Rwanda, the DRC and South Sudan will necessarily be awarded to Yapi Merkezi.”\nIn August, Tanzania unveiled its modern railway, which was built by Yapi Merkezi. At a cost of US$3.1 billion, the 541km (336-mile) line runs from Dar es Salaam and the eastern city of Morogoro to capital Dodoma. As well as that, a joint venture involving China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation and China Railway Construction Corporation is building two sections of Tanzania’s 2,561km (1,591-mile) railway line.\nZajontz said Tanzania’s SGR was proof that governments can flexibly award railway segments to different contractors as long as common technical standards and norms are defined.\n“East Africa’s railway renaissance will continue for at least a decade and Chinese firms will certainly secure a stake in it,” Zajontz said.\n","articleSection":"Diplomacy","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Jevans Nyabiage","sameAs":"https://www.scmp.com/author/jevans-nyabiage"},"dateCreated":"2024-10-17T16:35:42+08:00","dateModified":"2024-10-23T12:58:02+08:00","datePublished":"2024-10-23T12:00:08+08:00","description":"A Ugandan construction deal could provide the impetus needed to see China hand over extra financing to a stalled rail project in ","genre":"News","hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","cssSelector":".piano-metering__paywall-container","isAccessibleForFree":"False"},"headline":"Could Ugandan rail deal convince China to help get Kenyan project back on track?","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":2730},"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/17/b29070d5-95a8-4ad0-81fb-c079ab44d7a9_0a974154.jpg","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":4095}},"inLanguage":"en-GB","isAccessibleForFree":"False","locationCreated":{"@type":"Place","name":"Hong Kong"},"mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3282745/could-ugandan-rail-deal-convince-china-help-get-kenyan-project-back-track","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":512},"url":"https://assets-v2.i-scmp.com/production/icons/scmp-icon-512x512.png","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":512}},"name":"South China Morning Post"},"publishingPrinciples":"https://www.scmp.com/policies-and-standards"}</script><article class="article-list css-cru7id e1d6iglh0" data-qa="ArticlePage-Article"><div data-qa="ArticleList-Item" class="css-1t2rj2z e1kvrr5t0"><div data-qa="Component-ArticleRenderContainer" class="css-1pyy6bv er6t7fe38"><div class="css-tfsthe ea45u6l30" data-qa="GenericArticle-GenericArticleContainer"><div class="ea45u6l5 css-jyecem e15slk7y0" data-qa="ArticleHeaderAdSlot-CSSTransition"><div data-qa="ArticleHeaderAdSlot-Placeholder" class="css-1j52pf e15slk7y1"><div 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class="css-0 efakuk41">Published: 12:00pm, 23 Oct 2024</time><time dateTime="2024-10-23T04:58:02.000Z" data-qa="Article20Date-UpdatedDate" class="css-m6ip7c efakuk40">Updated: 12:58pm, 23 Oct 2024</time></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Correction" class="css-1ou8zht ea45u6l11"></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Content" class="css-1u2o0u6 ea45u6l10"><section class="er6t7fe37 css-19sk4h4 e1pqt1t0" data-qa="ContentBody-ContentBodyContainer"><div class="js-reading-0-percent-completion-tracker css-19icq8a ekyy9du0" data-qa="useTrackViewedPercentageRender-trackViewedPercentageRenders-TrackPercentageBlock"></div><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0">A Ugandan construction deal could provide the impetus needed to see China hand over extra financing to a stalled rail project in <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/author/kenya?module=inline&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">Kenya</span></a>, according to observers.</div><div data-qa="InlineAdSlot-Container" class=" css-zl1inp e11v3ui14"><div class="e11v3ui10 e11v3ui13 css-y2bwcc e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0">On Monday last week, <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3259641/what-has-driven-china-bankroll-controversial-ugandan-crude-oil-pipeline?module=inline&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">Uganda</span></a> awarded Turkish construction firm Yapi Merkezi the contract to build a 272km (169-mile) section of the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) from capital Kampala to Malaba at the Kenyan border, at a cost of US$3 billion.</div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">It comes just over a year since funding delays saw Kampala terminate a 2015 contract it had with China Harbour and Engineering Company (CHEC) to build the railway.</p><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0">Yapi Merkezi termed the deal as “one of the largest projects signed by Turkish contractors abroad” and said it holds strategic significance not only for Uganda but also for <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3279520/why-chinas-sea-rail-transport-link-plan-africa-echo-hunan-model?module=inline&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">East Africa</span></a>.</div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">The contract involves the design, construction and supply of rail vehicles for a standard gauge railway that meets European and American standards. 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styleMoreOnThisArticles: moreOnThisArticles {\n ...entityLink\n ...magazinesStyleArticleMoreOnThisContentItemContent\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesArticle on Article {\n moreOnThisArticles {\n entityId\n ...articleMoreStoriesItemArticle\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesItemArticle on Article {\n ...entityLink\n headline\n socialHeadline\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n url\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationCheckerArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationNavigationHistoryArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment articlePaywallCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePaywallContainerArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle on Article {\n printHeadline\n}\n\nfragment articleReactionArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sections {\n value {\n name\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleReadingTimeContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n readingTime\n}\n\nfragment articleRecommendationArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n moreOnThisArticles {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleRenderArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleActionWidgetArticle\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticleContent\n ...articleAuthorBlockArticle\n ...articleAuthorDetailsContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...articleBeforeYouGoTopicsContent\n ...articleBeforeYouGoWidget\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleCorrectionsWidgetArticle\n ...articleDateContent\n ...articleFurtherReadingWidgetArticle\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...articleLeadingArticle\n ...articleMoreOnThisListArticle\n ...articlePaywallContainerArticle\n ...articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle\n ...articleReactionArticle\n ...articleReadingTimeContent\n ...articleSectionsContent\n ...articleSeriesArticle\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...articleTopicContent\n ...articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle\n ...articleTopicsContent\n ...articleTopicWidgetArticle\n ...articleVocabBoxArticle\n ...authorAvatarsArticle\n ...authorNamesArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentLiveTagContent\n ...contentReadMoreButtonContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...contentSubHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...genericArticleContent\n ...postMagazineArticleContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksPostiesArticleArticle_3o8td4\n ...infographicArticleArticle\n ...liveArticleArticle\n ...morningStudioArticleContent\n ...newsletterArticleArticle\n ...pianoIntegrationArticle\n ...plusColumnsArticleContent\n ...plusGenericArticleContent\n ...seriesArticleArticle\n ...styleArticleContent\n ...contentActionBarContent\n}\n\nfragment articleSchemaContent_mN6kk on Query {\n article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n authorLocations\n contentLock\n createdDate\n headline\n publishedDate\n socialHeadline\n sponsorType\n updatedDate\n urlAlias\n authors {\n location\n name\n types\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n text\n }\n corrections {\n correction {\n text\n }\n timestamp\n }\n images {\n isSlideshow\n height\n width\n url\n }\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n ...liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF\n}\n\nfragment articleSectionsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeoArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...hooksArticleSeoArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n entityId\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n summary {\n text\n }\n subHeadline {\n text\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n text\n }\n keywords\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesArticle on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ...inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle\n ...carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesCarouselContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ... on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT\n}\n\nfragment articleShareWidgetArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSponsorContent on Article {\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n description {\n json\n }\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleTitleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle on Article {\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n disableFollow\n entityId\n name\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n ...entityLink\n ...followButtonBase\n name\n disableFollow\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...headerContentBookmarkArticle\n ...headerContentCommentTrigger\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersUseSharingUrl\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle\n ...hooksContentInterestArticle\n ...hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle\n ...hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle\n ...onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n types\n image(filter: {type: AUTHOR_IMAGE}) {\n style(filter: {style: \"300x300\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorBioAuthor on Author {\n bio\n}\n\nfragment authorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...styleAuthorCardAuthor\n ...defaultAuthorCardAuthor\n ...plusAuthorCardAuthor\n}\n\nfragment authorNameAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n name\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment authorNamesArticle on Article {\n authorLocations\n authors {\n entityId\n location\n ...authorNameAuthor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorRoleAuthor on Author {\n role {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorSocialLinksAuthor on Author {\n socialLinks {\n class\n title\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment beforeYouGoActionWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...shareArticle20Content\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle on Article {\n entityId\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleSeriesCarouselContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentActionBarContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n createdDate\n updatedDate\n publishedDate\n ...articleCommentArticle\n ... on Article {\n hasVideoContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentBodyContent_3o8td4 on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_4isNar on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n landscape250x99: style(filter: {style: \"landscape_250_99\"}) {\n url\n }\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size80x80: style(filter: {style: \"80x80\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverVideoContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n socialHeadline\n ...contentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...itemLiveArticleContentArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveTagContent on Article {\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n relatedLinks\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentPublishedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment contentReadMoreButtonContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...appButtonContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...blockquoteQuoteContent\n ...imageContent\n ...inlineWidgetContent\n ...photoGalleryWidgetContent\n ...scmpYoutubeContent\n}\n\nfragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n subHeadline {\n json\n }\n summary {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSummaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n summary {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentUpdatedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n}\n\nfragment copyLinkArticle20CopyLinkContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent\n}\n\nfragment defaultAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorRoleAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...followButtonBase\n}\n\nfragment entityFollowButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n entityId\n name\n }\n ... on Author {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n ... on Topic {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n entityId\n entityUuid\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n application {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n parentSection\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...helpersApplicationBase\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment factSheetLinkPlusGenericArticleContent on Article {\n entityId\n factSheets {\n url\n name\n }\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment followButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle\n ...hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle\n ...toolTipArticleSpeechWidgetToolTipArticle\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4 on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n additionalInfoBoxes {\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticle\n }\n ...genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle\n ...blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment globalCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articlePaywallCheckerContent\n}\n\nfragment headerContentBookmarkArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment headerContentCommentTrigger on Article {\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n}\n\nfragment headerMorningStudioArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent\n headline\n coverDesktop: image(filter: {type: COVER}) {\n url\n }\n coverMobile: image(filter: {type: COVER_MOBILE}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment headerNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n headline\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersSectionContent\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArchiveWallArticle on Article {\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsVelocityWallArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {\n entityId\n name\n alternativeName\n description {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n homepageDescription {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {\n authors {\n types\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseSharingUrl on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n entityId\n sponsorType\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n topics {\n sponsor {\n entityId\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n generic_og: style(filter: {style: \"og_image_scmp_generic\"}) {\n url\n }\n styles(filter: {styles: [\"og_image_posties_article\", \"og_postmag\", \"og_image_scmp_analysis\", \"og_image_scmp_explainer\", \"og_image_scmp_editorial\", \"og_image_scmp_fact_check\", \"og_image_scmp_debate\", \"og_image_scmp_live\", \"og_image_scmp_obituary\", \"og_image_scmp_opinion\", \"og_image_scmp_review\", \"og_image_scmp_series\", \"og_image_scmp_generic\"]}) {\n url\n style\n }\n type\n }\n disableOffPlatformContent\n published\n sponsorType\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n entityId\n description {\n text\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n }\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle\n ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle\n ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle\n flag\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentInterestArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sentiment\n urlAlias\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2niEwz on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_4isNar\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ...contentUpdatedDateContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3JkJ9S on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3wWJWe on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentPublishedDateContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n 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correction {\n text\n }\n timestamp\n }\n images {\n isSlideshow\n height\n width\n url\n }\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n ...liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF\n}\n\nfragment articleSectionsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeoArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...hooksArticleSeoArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n entityId\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n summary {\n text\n }\n subHeadline {\n text\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n text\n }\n keywords\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesArticle on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ...inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle\n ...carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesCarouselContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ... on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT\n}\n\nfragment articleShareWidgetArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSponsorContent on Article {\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n description {\n json\n }\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleTitleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle on Article {\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n disableFollow\n entityId\n name\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n ...entityLink\n ...followButtonBase\n name\n disableFollow\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...headerContentBookmarkArticle\n ...headerContentCommentTrigger\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersUseSharingUrl\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle\n ...hooksContentInterestArticle\n ...hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle\n ...hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle\n ...onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n types\n image(filter: {type: AUTHOR_IMAGE}) {\n style(filter: {style: \"300x300\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorBioAuthor on Author {\n bio\n}\n\nfragment authorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...styleAuthorCardAuthor\n ...defaultAuthorCardAuthor\n ...plusAuthorCardAuthor\n}\n\nfragment authorNameAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n name\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment authorNamesArticle on Article {\n authorLocations\n authors {\n entityId\n location\n ...authorNameAuthor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorRoleAuthor on Author {\n role {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorSocialLinksAuthor on Author {\n socialLinks {\n class\n title\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment beforeYouGoActionWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...shareArticle20Content\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle on Article {\n entityId\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleSeriesCarouselContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentActionBarContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n createdDate\n updatedDate\n publishedDate\n ...articleCommentArticle\n ... on Article {\n hasVideoContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentBodyContent_3o8td4 on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_4isNar on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n landscape250x99: style(filter: {style: \"landscape_250_99\"}) {\n url\n }\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size80x80: style(filter: {style: \"80x80\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverVideoContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n socialHeadline\n ...contentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...itemLiveArticleContentArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveTagContent on Article {\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n relatedLinks\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentPublishedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment contentReadMoreButtonContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...appButtonContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...blockquoteQuoteContent\n ...imageContent\n ...inlineWidgetContent\n ...photoGalleryWidgetContent\n ...scmpYoutubeContent\n}\n\nfragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n subHeadline {\n json\n }\n summary {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSummaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n summary {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentUpdatedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n}\n\nfragment copyLinkArticle20CopyLinkContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent\n}\n\nfragment defaultAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorRoleAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...followButtonBase\n}\n\nfragment entityFollowButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n entityId\n name\n }\n ... on Author {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n ... on Topic {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n entityId\n entityUuid\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n application {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n parentSection\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...helpersApplicationBase\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment factSheetLinkPlusGenericArticleContent on Article {\n entityId\n factSheets {\n url\n name\n }\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment followButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle\n ...hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle\n ...toolTipArticleSpeechWidgetToolTipArticle\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4 on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n additionalInfoBoxes {\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticle\n }\n ...genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle\n ...blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment globalCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articlePaywallCheckerContent\n}\n\nfragment headerContentBookmarkArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment headerContentCommentTrigger on Article {\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n}\n\nfragment headerMorningStudioArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent\n headline\n coverDesktop: image(filter: {type: COVER}) {\n url\n }\n coverMobile: image(filter: {type: COVER_MOBILE}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment headerNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n headline\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersSectionContent\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArchiveWallArticle on Article {\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsVelocityWallArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {\n entityId\n name\n alternativeName\n description {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n homepageDescription {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {\n authors {\n types\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseSharingUrl on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n entityId\n sponsorType\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n topics {\n sponsor {\n entityId\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n generic_og: style(filter: {style: \"og_image_scmp_generic\"}) {\n url\n }\n styles(filter: {styles: [\"og_image_posties_article\", \"og_postmag\", \"og_image_scmp_analysis\", \"og_image_scmp_explainer\", \"og_image_scmp_editorial\", \"og_image_scmp_fact_check\", \"og_image_scmp_debate\", \"og_image_scmp_live\", \"og_image_scmp_obituary\", \"og_image_scmp_opinion\", \"og_image_scmp_review\", \"og_image_scmp_series\", \"og_image_scmp_generic\"]}) {\n url\n style\n }\n type\n }\n disableOffPlatformContent\n published\n sponsorType\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n entityId\n description {\n text\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n }\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle\n ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle\n ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle\n flag\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentInterestArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sentiment\n urlAlias\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2niEwz on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_4isNar\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ...contentUpdatedDateContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3JkJ9S on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3wWJWe on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentPublishedDateContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n ...videoDurationOverlayVideo\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksPaywallPromiseContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksPostiesArticleArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksSeriesArticleSectionTagArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ...atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4\n ...atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase\n ...atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase\n ...atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase\n}\n\nfragment hooksTrackPageViewArticle on Article {\n entityId\n publishedDate\n headline\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n copyrighted\n entityUuid\n socialHeadline\n sponsor\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle on Article {\n entityId\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseNotificationsSection on Section {\n ...notificationSection\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment imageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n ...checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent\n}\n\nfragment infographicArticleArticle on Article {\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...landingBannerInfographicArticle\n}\n\nfragment inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment inlineWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment issuesDropdownNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment issuesNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n }\n ...issuesDropdownNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment itemLiveArticleContentArticle on Article {\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment landingBannerInfographicArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n headline\n topics {\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n title\n url\n }\n coverHero: image(filter: {type: HERO}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment liveArticleArticle on Article 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Photo: Xinhua","url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/17/768caf4e-31b2-4d9a-94c9-9ea9740a3559_51fd2089.jpg","isSlideshow":null,"sizeLandscape250x99":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_250_99/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/17/768caf4e-31b2-4d9a-94c9-9ea9740a3559_51fd2089.jpg?itok=wdXkuAud"},"size1280x720":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/wide_landscape/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/17/768caf4e-31b2-4d9a-94c9-9ea9740a3559_51fd2089.jpg?itok=Ojt65KZM"},"size1200x800":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1200x800/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/17/768caf4e-31b2-4d9a-94c9-9ea9740a3559_51fd2089.jpg?itok=yJMPKp5C"},"size1020x680":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1020x680/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/17/768caf4e-31b2-4d9a-94c9-9ea9740a3559_51fd2089.jpg?itok=yU5OxPD7"},"size768x768":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/768x768/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/17/768caf4e-31b2-4d9a-94c9-9ea9740a3559_51fd2089.jpg?itok=j1HpYZsW"},"landscape250x99":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_250_99/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/17/768caf4e-31b2-4d9a-94c9-9ea9740a3559_51fd2089.jpg?itok=wdXkuAud"},"size540x360":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/540x360/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/17/768caf4e-31b2-4d9a-94c9-9ea9740a3559_51fd2089.jpg?itok=ILKPPhow"},"height":1274,"width":2000}],"disableOffPlatformContent":[],"published":true,"sponsorType":null,"publishedDate":1729656008000,"updatedDate":1729659482000,"summary":{"text":"A recently announced rail project in Uganda could have wide-ranging implications for neighbouring Kenya, observers say.\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"A recently announced rail project in Uganda could have wide-ranging implications for neighbouring Kenya, observers say."}]}]},"subHeadline":{"text":"A recently announced rail project in Uganda could have wide-ranging implications for neighbouring Kenya, observers say\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"A recently announced rail project in Uganda could have wide-ranging implications for neighbouring Kenya, observers say"}]}]},"body":{"text":"A Ugandan construction deal could provide the impetus needed to see China hand over extra financing to a stalled rail project in Kenya, according to observers.\nOn Monday last week, Uganda awarded Turkish construction firm Yapi Merkezi the contract to build a 272km (169-mile) section of the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) from capital Kampala to Malaba at the Kenyan border, at a cost of US$3 billion.\nIt comes just over a year since funding delays saw Kampala terminate a 2015 contract it had with China Harbour and Engineering Company (CHEC) to build the railway.\nYapi Merkezi termed the deal as “one of the largest projects signed by Turkish contractors abroad” and said it holds strategic significance not only for Uganda but also for East Africa.\nThe contract involves the design, construction and supply of rail vehicles for a standard gauge railway that meets European and American standards. It will be fully electrified, the firm said.\nUganda is optimistic the railway will lower the cost of doing business, reduce the strain on roads and support the country’s ambition to export 12 million bags of coffee each year.\nBut the effects of the deal could extend past Uganda’s border. Observers believe it will also increase the likelihood of China funding the Naivasha to Malaba leg of the Kenyan SGR, since the ability to freight goods into Uganda – and beyond to Rwanda, South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) – will see a major boost to revenues.\nThe SGR project is part of the East African Railway Master Plan, aimed at revitalising the railways servicing Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and extending to Rwanda and Burundi and eventually to South Sudan and the DRC.\nIn 2013, Chinese planners incorporated the railway plan into what was then the newly announced Belt and Road Initiative.\nIn 2014 and 2015, Kenya secured about US$5 billion from China Eximbank to build its 590km (366-mile) track from the Indian Ocean port city of Mombasa through capital Nairobi to Naivasha, a town in the Central Rift Valley. This was completed in 2017.\nBut the line never went any further. China Eximbank pulled the plug on finance for the project’s extension to Malaba without a new commercial viability study.\n\nTim Zajontz, a research fellow in the Centre for International and Comparative Politics at South Africa’s Stellenbosch University, said paradoxically, the contract between Kampala and Yapi Merkezi must be reassuring for Chinese financiers, even if the project has not been awarded to a Chinese firm.\n“The viability of Kenya’s SGR, which is a belt and road flagship project, depends on cross-border cargo that is destined for Kampala and beyond,” Zajontz, who is also a lecturer in global political economy at the University of Freiburg, said.\nThe fact that Uganda is now finally going to build the Malaba-Kampala section increases the chances that Chinese banks will get involved in closing the Kenyan SGR gap between Naivasha and the Ugandan border, he said. The prospect of cargo travelling seamlessly from Mombasa to Kampala should positively affect the internal rate of return of Kenya’s SGR.\n“This is quite crucial, especially if the extension from Naivasha to the Ugandan border should come in the form of a public-private partnership with Chinese participation,” Zajontz said.\nHowever, sub-Saharan Africa geoeconomic analyst Aly-Khan Satchu said the main issue for China is the lack of coordination and alignment among East African nations and, as such, China is probably not keen or invested in achieving that alignment.\n“Therefore, my sense is East African nations are on their own and working independently of Beijing,” Satchu said of the decision by the countries to proceed to implement the railway projects individually rather than financing and building them jointly, as originally envisioned by the East African Community.\n\nFor Uganda, the Kampala-Malaba railway is part of the country’s ambition to build a 1,700km (1,056-mile) electric railway line in phases to boost trade and cut transport costs. The first phase will cover the 272km (169-mile) Malaba-Kampala route, followed by northern, western and southern lines linking to South Sudan, DRC and Rwanda, according to Uganda’s Standard Gauge Railway project coordinator Perez Wamburu.\nLast week, Uganda’s works and transport minister Edward Katumba Wamala said Uganda will use its own funds and credit from export credit organisations to finance its rail project, which will take four years to complete once work begins next month.\nHe also revealed that Kenya is working on connecting Naivasha to Malaba, “and together, their infrastructure will bring the SGR to life, unlocking economic opportunities across the region”.\nMeanwhile, Kenyan officials said they had resumed talks with China to fund the extension of the railway to Malaba.\nOn the sidelines of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) held in Beijing in September, Kenyan President William Ruto spoke to Chinese President Xi Jinping on the issue of extending the railway to the Ugandan border to boost regional trade.\n“We agreed to discuss regional infrastructure projects such as the expansion of the SGR,” Ruto said at the time.\nHowever, Satchu is sceptical that Kenya has its “ducks in a row” to a degree that Beijing would be keen to bankroll the extension of Kenya’s SGR.\n“They [China] might prefer to continue to see a roll-down in Kenya exposure,” Satchu said of the railway loans that Kenya currently owes Chinese lenders.\n\n\nZajontz said the Kenyan government has tried to solicit funding for an extension for years – from both Chinese and non-Chinese sources.\n“So far, banks have been reluctant to sign another loan, considering Kenya’s difficult fiscal situation,” Zajontz said. He added that a lot depends on Nairobi’s debt management efforts and on the International Monetary Fund which is monitoring Kenya’s debt portfolio closely.\n“If packaged as a bankable project, we might see another public-private partnership after the Tazara rehabilitation deal that was announced last month,” Zajontz, co-editor of the book Africa’s Railway Renaissance, said.\n“Obviously, Yapi Merkezi now has a firm foot in the door of Uganda’s railway construction market. However, this does not mean that possible future extensions beyond Kampala towards Rwanda, the DRC and South Sudan will necessarily be awarded to Yapi Merkezi.”\nIn August, Tanzania unveiled its modern railway, which was built by Yapi Merkezi. At a cost of US$3.1 billion, the 541km (336-mile) line runs from Dar es Salaam and the eastern city of Morogoro to capital Dodoma. As well as that, a joint venture involving China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation and China Railway Construction Corporation is building two sections of Tanzania’s 2,561km (1,591-mile) railway line.\nZajontz said Tanzania’s SGR was proof that governments can flexibly award railway segments to different contractors as long as common technical standards and norms are defined.\n“East Africa’s railway renaissance will continue for at least a decade and Chinese firms will certainly secure a stake in it,” Zajontz said.\n","json":[{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"A Ugandan construction deal could provide the impetus needed to see China hand over extra financing to a stalled rail project in "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/author/kenya","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"9a55d779-7323-4900-8f1b-191bb274f273","data-entity-type":"taxonomy_term","data-entity-bundle":"author"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Kenya"}]},{"type":"text","data":", according to observers."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"On Monday last week, "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3259641/what-has-driven-china-bankroll-controversial-ugandan-crude-oil-pipeline","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"c33ecc11-a28a-43e5-98f1-3856baeb76cb","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Uganda"}]},{"type":"text","data":" awarded Turkish construction firm Yapi Merkezi the contract to build a 272km (169-mile) section of the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) from capital Kampala to Malaba at the Kenyan border, at a cost of US$3 billion."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"It comes just over a year since funding delays saw Kampala terminate a 2015 contract it had with China Harbour and Engineering Company (CHEC) to build the railway."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"1"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Yapi Merkezi termed the deal as “one of the largest projects signed by Turkish contractors abroad” and said it holds strategic significance not only for Uganda but also for "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3279520/why-chinas-sea-rail-transport-link-plan-africa-echo-hunan-model","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"5778dec4-49a5-4f5b-a700-67533f521f0e","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"East Africa"}]},{"type":"text","data":"."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The contract involves the design, construction and supply of rail vehicles for a standard gauge railway that meets European and American standards. It will be fully electrified, the firm said."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"2"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Uganda is optimistic the railway will lower the cost of doing business, reduce the strain on roads and support the country’s ambition to export 12 million bags of coffee each year."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"20"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"But the effects of the deal could extend past Uganda’s border. Observers believe it will also increase the likelihood of "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/topics/china-africa-relations","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"8a286ac4-6a2d-4dbe-bc00-b998cdb053cf","data-entity-type":"taxonomy_term","data-entity-bundle":"topics"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"China"}]},{"type":"text","data":" funding the Naivasha to Malaba leg of the Kenyan SGR, since the ability to freight goods into Uganda – and beyond to Rwanda, South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo ("},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3276862/china-pledges-deeper-drc-ties-african-leaders-gather-beijing-focac-summit","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"31187e54-5240-4f02-a4af-9367abcc73ac","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"DRC"}]},{"type":"text","data":") – will see a major boost to revenues."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The SGR project is part of the East African Railway Master Plan, aimed at "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3279520/why-chinas-sea-rail-transport-link-plan-africa-echo-hunan-model","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"5778dec4-49a5-4f5b-a700-67533f521f0e","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"revitalising the railways"}]},{"type":"text","data":" servicing Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and extending to Rwanda and Burundi and eventually to South Sudan and the DRC."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"In 2013, Chinese planners incorporated the railway plan into what was then the newly announced "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3264793/china-hands-over-keys-railway-african-countries-take-control-two-major-belt-and-road-projects","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"55fa6551-0607-4108-9aa4-577186cd9324","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Belt and Road Initiative"}]},{"type":"text","data":"."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"In 2014 and 2015, Kenya secured about US$5 billion from China Eximbank to build its 590km (366-mile) track from the Indian Ocean port city of Mombasa through capital Nairobi to Naivasha, a town in the Central Rift Valley. This was completed in 2017."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"But the line never went any further. China Eximbank pulled the plug on finance for the project’s extension to Malaba without a new commercial viability study."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"image-inline-container"},"children":[{"type":"img","attribs":{"class":"image-inline caption","src":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/17/17448ad4-46ea-4684-bf44-9a9a5295b519_deb5b132.jpg","data-fid":"15683099","data-resolution":"1","width":"2000","height":"1332","title":"The contract between the Ugandan government and Turkish construction firm Yapi Merkezi being signed in Kampala. Photo: Ugandan Ministry of Works and Transport","alt":"The contract between the Ugandan government and Turkish construction firm Yapi Merkezi being signed in Kampala. Photo: Ugandan Ministry of Works and Transport"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Tim Zajontz, a research fellow in the Centre for International and Comparative Politics at South Africa’s Stellenbosch University, said paradoxically, the contract between Kampala and Yapi Merkezi must be reassuring for Chinese financiers, even if the project has not been awarded to a Chinese firm."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"4"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“The viability of Kenya’s SGR, which is a "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3278263/chinas-investment-africa-getting-shake-next-belt-and-road-phase-beckons","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"3a98e781-abc3-4279-849a-043e915f9017","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"belt and road"}]},{"type":"text","data":" flagship project, depends on cross-border cargo that is destined for Kampala and beyond,” Zajontz, who is also a lecturer in global political economy at the University of Freiburg, said."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The fact that Uganda is now finally going to build the Malaba-Kampala section increases the chances that Chinese banks will get involved in closing the Kenyan SGR gap between Naivasha and the Ugandan border, he said. The prospect of cargo travelling seamlessly from Mombasa to Kampala should positively affect the internal rate of return of Kenya’s SGR."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“This is quite crucial, especially if the extension from Naivasha to the Ugandan border should come in the form of a public-private partnership with Chinese participation,” Zajontz said."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"5"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"However, sub-Saharan Africa geoeconomic analyst Aly-Khan Satchu said the main issue for China is the lack of coordination and alignment among East African nations and, as such, China is probably not keen or invested in achieving that alignment."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"50"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Therefore, my sense is East "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/world/africa","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"78e06e52-84e3-453d-8981-7a7c15eb37ed","data-entity-type":"taxonomy_term","data-entity-bundle":"section"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"African"}]},{"type":"text","data":" nations are on their own and working independently of Beijing,” Satchu said of the decision by the countries to proceed to implement the railway projects individually rather than financing and building them jointly, as originally envisioned by the East African Community."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"image-inline-container"},"children":[{"type":"img","attribs":{"class":"image-inline caption","src":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/17/768caf4e-31b2-4d9a-94c9-9ea9740a3559_51fd2089.jpg","data-fid":"15683100","data-resolution":"1","width":"2000","height":"1274","title":"The railway between Mombasa and Naivasha via Nairobi was funded by China Eximbank, but the project was never continued to the Ugandan border after finance was pulled. Photo: Xinhua","alt":"The railway between Mombasa and Naivasha via Nairobi was funded by China Eximbank, but the project was never continued to the Ugandan border after finance was pulled. Photo: Xinhua"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"For Uganda, the Kampala-Malaba railway is part of the country’s ambition to build a 1,700km (1,056-mile) electric railway line in phases to boost trade and cut transport costs. The first phase will cover the 272km (169-mile) Malaba-Kampala route, followed by northern, western and southern lines linking to South Sudan, DRC and Rwanda, according to Uganda’s Standard Gauge Railway project coordinator Perez Wamburu."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6","infiniteAdsAfterNumber":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Last week, Uganda’s works and transport minister Edward Katumba Wamala said Uganda will use its own funds and credit from export credit organisations to finance its rail project, which will take four years to complete once work begins next month."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"He also revealed that Kenya is working on connecting Naivasha to Malaba, “and together, their infrastructure will bring the SGR to life, unlocking economic opportunities across the region”."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Meanwhile, Kenyan officials said they had resumed talks with "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/opinion/china-opinion/article/3279500/truly-unlock-africas-potential-china-must-expand-cooperation","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"b439da15-c3f3-4e5a-a7e4-e75ca025164c","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"China"}]},{"type":"text","data":" to fund the extension of the railway to Malaba."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"On the sidelines of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation ("},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/opinion/china-opinion/article/3277661/china-africa-summit-fitting-showcase-global-souths-rise","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"4c756478-b33c-48c9-b893-4e743a63243e","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"FOCAC"}]},{"type":"text","data":") held in Beijing in September, Kenyan President William Ruto spoke to Chinese President Xi Jinping on the issue of extending the railway to the Ugandan border to boost regional trade."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“We agreed to discuss regional infrastructure projects such as the expansion of the SGR,” Ruto said at the time."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"However, Satchu is sceptical that Kenya has its “ducks in a row” to a degree that Beijing would be keen to bankroll the extension of Kenya’s SGR."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“They [China] might prefer to continue to see a roll-down in Kenya exposure,” Satchu said of the railway loans that Kenya currently owes Chinese lenders."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper oembed-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"subtype":"youtube","type":"iframe","attribs":{"width":"200","height":"113","src":"https://www.youtube.com/embed/rzI_VrrPpJM?feature=oembed","frameborder":"0","allow":"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share","referrerpolicy":"strict-origin-when-cross-origin","allowfullscreen":"","title":"WATCH LIVE: Forum on China-Africa Cooperation opens"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Zajontz said the Kenyan government has tried to solicit funding for an extension for years – from both Chinese and non-Chinese sources."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“So far, banks have been reluctant to sign another loan, considering Kenya’s difficult fiscal situation,” Zajontz said. He added that a lot depends on Nairobi’s debt management efforts and on the International Monetary Fund which is monitoring Kenya’s debt portfolio closely."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“If packaged as a bankable project, we might see another public-private partnership after the Tazara rehabilitation deal that was announced last month,” Zajontz, co-editor of the book "},{"type":"em","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Africa’s Railway Renaissance"}]},{"type":"text","data":", said."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Obviously, Yapi Merkezi now has a firm foot in the door of Uganda’s railway construction market. However, this does not mean that possible future extensions beyond Kampala towards Rwanda, the DRC and South Sudan will necessarily be awarded to Yapi Merkezi.”"}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"90"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"In August, Tanzania unveiled its modern railway, which was built by Yapi Merkezi. At a cost of US$3.1 billion, the 541km (336-mile) line runs from Dar es Salaam and the eastern city of Morogoro to capital Dodoma. As well as that, a joint venture involving China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation and China Railway Construction Corporation is building two sections of "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3280038/china-bring-tanzania-zambia-railway-back-full-speed-us1-billion-boost","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"85be1e3f-89bf-4ce0-a39e-2b580fdf1181","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Tanzania’s"}]},{"type":"text","data":" 2,561km (1,591-mile) railway line."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Zajontz said Tanzania’s SGR was proof that governments can flexibly award railway segments to different contractors as long as common technical standards and norms are defined."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“East Africa’s railway renaissance will continue for at least a decade and Chinese firms will certainly secure a stake in it,” Zajontz said."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"7"}},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"100"}}]},"keywords":["China-Africa relations, SGR, Uganda, Yapi Merkezi, trade, geoeconomics, Edward Katumba Wamala, China Harbour and Engineering Company, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Beijing, Kenya, Malaba, China Eximbank, Burundi, Standard Gauge Railway, China, Kampala, Naivasha, Rwanda, Africa, Aly-Khan Satchu"],"shortUrl":"https://sc.mp/gtacs","commentCount":0,"copyrighted":true,"sponsor":null,"relatedNewsletters":[],"createdDate":1729154142000,"authorLocations":["Not available"],"corrections":[],"displaySlideShow":true,"multimediaEmbed":{"json":[]},"printHeadline":null,"readingTime":4,"seriesContainer":null,"firstTopic":{"__isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias":"Topic","__typename":"Topic","entityId":"325542","entityUuid":"8a286ac4-6a2d-4dbe-bc00-b998cdb053cf","urlAlias":"/topics/china-africa-relations","urlRedirect":null,"application":null,"name":"China-Africa relations","disableFollow":false,"contents":{"edges":[{"node":{"__typename":"Article","entityId":"3288608","__isContent":"Article","urlAlias":"/news/china/diplomacy/article/3288608/what-xis-flying-visit-morocco-means-chinas-ev-industry","sponsorType":null,"__isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias":"Article","entityUuid":"9825e32e-96fb-440b-92c4-64e4b839652a","urlRedirect":null,"application":{"entityId":"325477","id":"QXBwbGljYXRpb246MjY5NWIyYzktOTZlZi00ZmU0LTk2ZjgtYmEyMGQwYTAyMGIz"},"flattenTypeIds":[],"liveArticle":null,"sections":[{"value":[{"entityId":"91","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo4NmUxYzUxOS05NDhlLTQ0NjAtYWRjMy0xZGZhZmVmYTYwZGE=","name":"News"},{"entityId":"4","id":"U2VjdGlvbjowODkyNWNmZS0wMWNlLTQ5MzItYjllMi1iZTViMjU1ZWZlNjM=","name":"China"},{"entityId":"318199","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo0NjhjMmU1Ni1kMDk3LTQ4YzAtYTcxZS1iZWVmNjg2YzAyMzc=","name":"Diplomacy"}]}],"paywallTypes":[],"images":[{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/29/efd78150-e8ca-4356-a6c4-91af23a209f3_b34fac3f.jpg","title":"Chinese President Xi Jinping paid a high-level courtesy call on Moroccan Crown Prince Moulay Hassan as he flew back to China from the G20 summit in Brazil. 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Photo: Xinhua","url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/17/768caf4e-31b2-4d9a-94c9-9ea9740a3559_51fd2089.jpg","isSlideshow":null,"sizeLandscape250x99":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_250_99/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/17/768caf4e-31b2-4d9a-94c9-9ea9740a3559_51fd2089.jpg?itok=wdXkuAud"},"size1280x720":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/wide_landscape/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/17/768caf4e-31b2-4d9a-94c9-9ea9740a3559_51fd2089.jpg?itok=Ojt65KZM"},"size1200x800":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1200x800/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/17/768caf4e-31b2-4d9a-94c9-9ea9740a3559_51fd2089.jpg?itok=yJMPKp5C"},"size1020x680":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1020x680/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/17/768caf4e-31b2-4d9a-94c9-9ea9740a3559_51fd2089.jpg?itok=yU5OxPD7"},"size768x768":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/768x768/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/17/768caf4e-31b2-4d9a-94c9-9ea9740a3559_51fd2089.jpg?itok=j1HpYZsW"},"landscape250x99":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_250_99/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/17/768caf4e-31b2-4d9a-94c9-9ea9740a3559_51fd2089.jpg?itok=wdXkuAud"},"size540x360":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/540x360/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/17/768caf4e-31b2-4d9a-94c9-9ea9740a3559_51fd2089.jpg?itok=ILKPPhow"},"height":1274,"width":2000}],"disableOffPlatformContent":[],"published":true,"sponsorType":null,"publishedDate":1729656008000,"updatedDate":1729659482000,"summary":{"text":"A recently announced rail project in Uganda could have wide-ranging implications for neighbouring Kenya, observers say.\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"A recently announced rail project in Uganda could have wide-ranging implications for neighbouring Kenya, observers say."}]}]},"subHeadline":{"text":"A recently announced rail project in Uganda could have wide-ranging implications for neighbouring Kenya, observers say\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"A recently announced rail project in Uganda could have wide-ranging implications for neighbouring Kenya, observers say"}]}]},"body":{"text":"A Ugandan construction deal could provide the impetus needed to see China hand over extra financing to a stalled rail project in Kenya, according to observers.\nOn Monday last week, Uganda awarded Turkish construction firm Yapi Merkezi the contract to build a 272km (169-mile) section of the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) from capital Kampala to Malaba at the Kenyan border, at a cost of US$3 billion.\nIt comes just over a year since funding delays saw Kampala terminate a 2015 contract it had with China Harbour and Engineering Company (CHEC) to build the railway.\nYapi Merkezi termed the deal as “one of the largest projects signed by Turkish contractors abroad” and said it holds strategic significance not only for Uganda but also for East Africa.\nThe contract involves the design, construction and supply of rail vehicles for a standard gauge railway that meets European and American standards. It will be fully electrified, the firm said.\nUganda is optimistic the railway will lower the cost of doing business, reduce the strain on roads and support the country’s ambition to export 12 million bags of coffee each year.\nBut the effects of the deal could extend past Uganda’s border. Observers believe it will also increase the likelihood of China funding the Naivasha to Malaba leg of the Kenyan SGR, since the ability to freight goods into Uganda – and beyond to Rwanda, South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) – will see a major boost to revenues.\nThe SGR project is part of the East African Railway Master Plan, aimed at revitalising the railways servicing Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and extending to Rwanda and Burundi and eventually to South Sudan and the DRC.\nIn 2013, Chinese planners incorporated the railway plan into what was then the newly announced Belt and Road Initiative.\nIn 2014 and 2015, Kenya secured about US$5 billion from China Eximbank to build its 590km (366-mile) track from the Indian Ocean port city of Mombasa through capital Nairobi to Naivasha, a town in the Central Rift Valley. This was completed in 2017.\nBut the line never went any further. China Eximbank pulled the plug on finance for the project’s extension to Malaba without a new commercial viability study.\n\nTim Zajontz, a research fellow in the Centre for International and Comparative Politics at South Africa’s Stellenbosch University, said paradoxically, the contract between Kampala and Yapi Merkezi must be reassuring for Chinese financiers, even if the project has not been awarded to a Chinese firm.\n“The viability of Kenya’s SGR, which is a belt and road flagship project, depends on cross-border cargo that is destined for Kampala and beyond,” Zajontz, who is also a lecturer in global political economy at the University of Freiburg, said.\nThe fact that Uganda is now finally going to build the Malaba-Kampala section increases the chances that Chinese banks will get involved in closing the Kenyan SGR gap between Naivasha and the Ugandan border, he said. The prospect of cargo travelling seamlessly from Mombasa to Kampala should positively affect the internal rate of return of Kenya’s SGR.\n“This is quite crucial, especially if the extension from Naivasha to the Ugandan border should come in the form of a public-private partnership with Chinese participation,” Zajontz said.\nHowever, sub-Saharan Africa geoeconomic analyst Aly-Khan Satchu said the main issue for China is the lack of coordination and alignment among East African nations and, as such, China is probably not keen or invested in achieving that alignment.\n“Therefore, my sense is East African nations are on their own and working independently of Beijing,” Satchu said of the decision by the countries to proceed to implement the railway projects individually rather than financing and building them jointly, as originally envisioned by the East African Community.\n\nFor Uganda, the Kampala-Malaba railway is part of the country’s ambition to build a 1,700km (1,056-mile) electric railway line in phases to boost trade and cut transport costs. The first phase will cover the 272km (169-mile) Malaba-Kampala route, followed by northern, western and southern lines linking to South Sudan, DRC and Rwanda, according to Uganda’s Standard Gauge Railway project coordinator Perez Wamburu.\nLast week, Uganda’s works and transport minister Edward Katumba Wamala said Uganda will use its own funds and credit from export credit organisations to finance its rail project, which will take four years to complete once work begins next month.\nHe also revealed that Kenya is working on connecting Naivasha to Malaba, “and together, their infrastructure will bring the SGR to life, unlocking economic opportunities across the region”.\nMeanwhile, Kenyan officials said they had resumed talks with China to fund the extension of the railway to Malaba.\nOn the sidelines of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) held in Beijing in September, Kenyan President William Ruto spoke to Chinese President Xi Jinping on the issue of extending the railway to the Ugandan border to boost regional trade.\n“We agreed to discuss regional infrastructure projects such as the expansion of the SGR,” Ruto said at the time.\nHowever, Satchu is sceptical that Kenya has its “ducks in a row” to a degree that Beijing would be keen to bankroll the extension of Kenya’s SGR.\n“They [China] might prefer to continue to see a roll-down in Kenya exposure,” Satchu said of the railway loans that Kenya currently owes Chinese lenders.\n\n\nZajontz said the Kenyan government has tried to solicit funding for an extension for years – from both Chinese and non-Chinese sources.\n“So far, banks have been reluctant to sign another loan, considering Kenya’s difficult fiscal situation,” Zajontz said. He added that a lot depends on Nairobi’s debt management efforts and on the International Monetary Fund which is monitoring Kenya’s debt portfolio closely.\n“If packaged as a bankable project, we might see another public-private partnership after the Tazara rehabilitation deal that was announced last month,” Zajontz, co-editor of the book Africa’s Railway Renaissance, said.\n“Obviously, Yapi Merkezi now has a firm foot in the door of Uganda’s railway construction market. However, this does not mean that possible future extensions beyond Kampala towards Rwanda, the DRC and South Sudan will necessarily be awarded to Yapi Merkezi.”\nIn August, Tanzania unveiled its modern railway, which was built by Yapi Merkezi. At a cost of US$3.1 billion, the 541km (336-mile) line runs from Dar es Salaam and the eastern city of Morogoro to capital Dodoma. As well as that, a joint venture involving China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation and China Railway Construction Corporation is building two sections of Tanzania’s 2,561km (1,591-mile) railway line.\nZajontz said Tanzania’s SGR was proof that governments can flexibly award railway segments to different contractors as long as common technical standards and norms are defined.\n“East Africa’s railway renaissance will continue for at least a decade and Chinese firms will certainly secure a stake in it,” Zajontz said.\n","json":[{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"A Ugandan construction deal could provide the impetus needed to see China hand over extra financing to a stalled rail project in "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/author/kenya","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"9a55d779-7323-4900-8f1b-191bb274f273","data-entity-type":"taxonomy_term","data-entity-bundle":"author"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Kenya"}]},{"type":"text","data":", according to observers."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"On Monday last week, "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3259641/what-has-driven-china-bankroll-controversial-ugandan-crude-oil-pipeline","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"c33ecc11-a28a-43e5-98f1-3856baeb76cb","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Uganda"}]},{"type":"text","data":" awarded Turkish construction firm Yapi Merkezi the contract to build a 272km (169-mile) section of the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) from capital Kampala to Malaba at the Kenyan border, at a cost of US$3 billion."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"It comes just over a year since funding delays saw Kampala terminate a 2015 contract it had with China Harbour and Engineering Company (CHEC) to build the railway."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"1"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Yapi Merkezi termed the deal as “one of the largest projects signed by Turkish contractors abroad” and said it holds strategic significance not only for Uganda but also for "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3279520/why-chinas-sea-rail-transport-link-plan-africa-echo-hunan-model","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"5778dec4-49a5-4f5b-a700-67533f521f0e","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"East Africa"}]},{"type":"text","data":"."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The contract involves the design, construction and supply of rail vehicles for a standard gauge railway that meets European and American standards. It will be fully electrified, the firm said."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"2"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Uganda is optimistic the railway will lower the cost of doing business, reduce the strain on roads and support the country’s ambition to export 12 million bags of coffee each year."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"20"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"But the effects of the deal could extend past Uganda’s border. Observers believe it will also increase the likelihood of "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/topics/china-africa-relations","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"8a286ac4-6a2d-4dbe-bc00-b998cdb053cf","data-entity-type":"taxonomy_term","data-entity-bundle":"topics"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"China"}]},{"type":"text","data":" funding the Naivasha to Malaba leg of the Kenyan SGR, since the ability to freight goods into Uganda – and beyond to Rwanda, South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo ("},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3276862/china-pledges-deeper-drc-ties-african-leaders-gather-beijing-focac-summit","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"31187e54-5240-4f02-a4af-9367abcc73ac","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"DRC"}]},{"type":"text","data":") – will see a major boost to revenues."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The SGR project is part of the East African Railway Master Plan, aimed at "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3279520/why-chinas-sea-rail-transport-link-plan-africa-echo-hunan-model","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"5778dec4-49a5-4f5b-a700-67533f521f0e","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"revitalising the railways"}]},{"type":"text","data":" servicing Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and extending to Rwanda and Burundi and eventually to South Sudan and the DRC."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"In 2013, Chinese planners incorporated the railway plan into what was then the newly announced "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3264793/china-hands-over-keys-railway-african-countries-take-control-two-major-belt-and-road-projects","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"55fa6551-0607-4108-9aa4-577186cd9324","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Belt and Road Initiative"}]},{"type":"text","data":"."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"In 2014 and 2015, Kenya secured about US$5 billion from China Eximbank to build its 590km (366-mile) track from the Indian Ocean port city of Mombasa through capital Nairobi to Naivasha, a town in the Central Rift Valley. This was completed in 2017."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"But the line never went any further. China Eximbank pulled the plug on finance for the project’s extension to Malaba without a new commercial viability study."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"image-inline-container"},"children":[{"type":"img","attribs":{"class":"image-inline caption","src":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/17/17448ad4-46ea-4684-bf44-9a9a5295b519_deb5b132.jpg","data-fid":"15683099","data-resolution":"1","width":"2000","height":"1332","title":"The contract between the Ugandan government and Turkish construction firm Yapi Merkezi being signed in Kampala. Photo: Ugandan Ministry of Works and Transport","alt":"The contract between the Ugandan government and Turkish construction firm Yapi Merkezi being signed in Kampala. Photo: Ugandan Ministry of Works and Transport"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Tim Zajontz, a research fellow in the Centre for International and Comparative Politics at South Africa’s Stellenbosch University, said paradoxically, the contract between Kampala and Yapi Merkezi must be reassuring for Chinese financiers, even if the project has not been awarded to a Chinese firm."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"4"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“The viability of Kenya’s SGR, which is a "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3278263/chinas-investment-africa-getting-shake-next-belt-and-road-phase-beckons","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"3a98e781-abc3-4279-849a-043e915f9017","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"belt and road"}]},{"type":"text","data":" flagship project, depends on cross-border cargo that is destined for Kampala and beyond,” Zajontz, who is also a lecturer in global political economy at the University of Freiburg, said."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The fact that Uganda is now finally going to build the Malaba-Kampala section increases the chances that Chinese banks will get involved in closing the Kenyan SGR gap between Naivasha and the Ugandan border, he said. The prospect of cargo travelling seamlessly from Mombasa to Kampala should positively affect the internal rate of return of Kenya’s SGR."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“This is quite crucial, especially if the extension from Naivasha to the Ugandan border should come in the form of a public-private partnership with Chinese participation,” Zajontz said."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"5"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"However, sub-Saharan Africa geoeconomic analyst Aly-Khan Satchu said the main issue for China is the lack of coordination and alignment among East African nations and, as such, China is probably not keen or invested in achieving that alignment."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"50"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Therefore, my sense is East "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/world/africa","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"78e06e52-84e3-453d-8981-7a7c15eb37ed","data-entity-type":"taxonomy_term","data-entity-bundle":"section"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"African"}]},{"type":"text","data":" nations are on their own and working independently of Beijing,” Satchu said of the decision by the countries to proceed to implement the railway projects individually rather than financing and building them jointly, as originally envisioned by the East African Community."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"image-inline-container"},"children":[{"type":"img","attribs":{"class":"image-inline caption","src":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/17/768caf4e-31b2-4d9a-94c9-9ea9740a3559_51fd2089.jpg","data-fid":"15683100","data-resolution":"1","width":"2000","height":"1274","title":"The railway between Mombasa and Naivasha via Nairobi was funded by China Eximbank, but the project was never continued to the Ugandan border after finance was pulled. Photo: Xinhua","alt":"The railway between Mombasa and Naivasha via Nairobi was funded by China Eximbank, but the project was never continued to the Ugandan border after finance was pulled. Photo: Xinhua"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"For Uganda, the Kampala-Malaba railway is part of the country’s ambition to build a 1,700km (1,056-mile) electric railway line in phases to boost trade and cut transport costs. The first phase will cover the 272km (169-mile) Malaba-Kampala route, followed by northern, western and southern lines linking to South Sudan, DRC and Rwanda, according to Uganda’s Standard Gauge Railway project coordinator Perez Wamburu."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6","infiniteAdsAfterNumber":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Last week, Uganda’s works and transport minister Edward Katumba Wamala said Uganda will use its own funds and credit from export credit organisations to finance its rail project, which will take four years to complete once work begins next month."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"He also revealed that Kenya is working on connecting Naivasha to Malaba, “and together, their infrastructure will bring the SGR to life, unlocking economic opportunities across the region”."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Meanwhile, Kenyan officials said they had resumed talks with "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/opinion/china-opinion/article/3279500/truly-unlock-africas-potential-china-must-expand-cooperation","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"b439da15-c3f3-4e5a-a7e4-e75ca025164c","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"China"}]},{"type":"text","data":" to fund the extension of the railway to Malaba."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"On the sidelines of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation ("},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/opinion/china-opinion/article/3277661/china-africa-summit-fitting-showcase-global-souths-rise","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"4c756478-b33c-48c9-b893-4e743a63243e","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"FOCAC"}]},{"type":"text","data":") held in Beijing in September, Kenyan President William Ruto spoke to Chinese President Xi Jinping on the issue of extending the railway to the Ugandan border to boost regional trade."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“We agreed to discuss regional infrastructure projects such as the expansion of the SGR,” Ruto said at the time."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"However, Satchu is sceptical that Kenya has its “ducks in a row” to a degree that Beijing would be keen to bankroll the extension of Kenya’s SGR."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“They [China] might prefer to continue to see a roll-down in Kenya exposure,” Satchu said of the railway loans that Kenya currently owes Chinese lenders."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper oembed-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"subtype":"youtube","type":"iframe","attribs":{"width":"200","height":"113","src":"https://www.youtube.com/embed/rzI_VrrPpJM?feature=oembed","frameborder":"0","allow":"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share","referrerpolicy":"strict-origin-when-cross-origin","allowfullscreen":"","title":"WATCH LIVE: Forum on China-Africa Cooperation opens"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Zajontz said the Kenyan government has tried to solicit funding for an extension for years – from both Chinese and non-Chinese sources."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“So far, banks have been reluctant to sign another loan, considering Kenya’s difficult fiscal situation,” Zajontz said. He added that a lot depends on Nairobi’s debt management efforts and on the International Monetary Fund which is monitoring Kenya’s debt portfolio closely."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“If packaged as a bankable project, we might see another public-private partnership after the Tazara rehabilitation deal that was announced last month,” Zajontz, co-editor of the book "},{"type":"em","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Africa’s Railway Renaissance"}]},{"type":"text","data":", said."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Obviously, Yapi Merkezi now has a firm foot in the door of Uganda’s railway construction market. However, this does not mean that possible future extensions beyond Kampala towards Rwanda, the DRC and South Sudan will necessarily be awarded to Yapi Merkezi.”"}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"90"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"In August, Tanzania unveiled its modern railway, which was built by Yapi Merkezi. At a cost of US$3.1 billion, the 541km (336-mile) line runs from Dar es Salaam and the eastern city of Morogoro to capital Dodoma. As well as that, a joint venture involving China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation and China Railway Construction Corporation is building two sections of "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3280038/china-bring-tanzania-zambia-railway-back-full-speed-us1-billion-boost","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"85be1e3f-89bf-4ce0-a39e-2b580fdf1181","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Tanzania’s"}]},{"type":"text","data":" 2,561km (1,591-mile) railway line."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Zajontz said Tanzania’s SGR was proof that governments can flexibly award railway segments to different contractors as long as common technical standards and norms are defined."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“East Africa’s railway renaissance will continue for at least a decade and Chinese firms will certainly secure a stake in it,” Zajontz said."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"7"}},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"100"}}]},"keywords":["China-Africa relations, SGR, Uganda, Yapi Merkezi, trade, geoeconomics, Edward Katumba Wamala, China Harbour and Engineering Company, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Beijing, Kenya, Malaba, China Eximbank, Burundi, Standard Gauge Railway, China, Kampala, Naivasha, Rwanda, Africa, Aly-Khan Satchu"],"shortUrl":"https://sc.mp/gtacs","commentCount":0,"copyrighted":true,"sponsor":null,"relatedNewsletters":[],"createdDate":1729154142000,"authorLocations":["Not available"],"corrections":[],"displaySlideShow":true,"multimediaEmbed":{"json":[]},"printHeadline":null,"readingTime":4,"seriesContainer":null,"firstTopic":{"__isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias":"Topic","__typename":"Topic","entityId":"325542","entityUuid":"8a286ac4-6a2d-4dbe-bc00-b998cdb053cf","urlAlias":"/topics/china-africa-relations","urlRedirect":null,"application":null,"name":"China-Africa relations","disableFollow":false,"contents":{"edges":[{"node":{"__typename":"Article","entityId":"3288608","__isContent":"Article","urlAlias":"/news/china/diplomacy/article/3288608/what-xis-flying-visit-morocco-means-chinas-ev-industry","sponsorType":null,"__isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias":"Article","entityUuid":"9825e32e-96fb-440b-92c4-64e4b839652a","urlRedirect":null,"application":{"entityId":"325477","id":"QXBwbGljYXRpb246MjY5NWIyYzktOTZlZi00ZmU0LTk2ZjgtYmEyMGQwYTAyMGIz"},"flattenTypeIds":[],"liveArticle":null,"sections":[{"value":[{"entityId":"91","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo4NmUxYzUxOS05NDhlLTQ0NjAtYWRjMy0xZGZhZmVmYTYwZGE=","name":"News"},{"entityId":"4","id":"U2VjdGlvbjowODkyNWNmZS0wMWNlLTQ5MzItYjllMi1iZTViMjU1ZWZlNjM=","name":"China"},{"entityId":"318199","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo0NjhjMmU1Ni1kMDk3LTQ4YzAtYTcxZS1iZWVmNjg2YzAyMzc=","name":"Diplomacy"}]}],"paywallTypes":[],"images":[{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/29/efd78150-e8ca-4356-a6c4-91af23a209f3_b34fac3f.jpg","title":"Chinese President Xi Jinping paid a high-level courtesy call on Moroccan Crown Prince Moulay Hassan as he flew back to China from the G20 summit in Brazil. 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