Indexing, Columnar Storage, and Aggregations

<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Indexing, Columnar Storage, and Aggregations</title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://cratedb.com/hubfs/cratedb-favicon.png"> <meta name="description" content="Indexing is crucial for fast queries and column-based data retrieval in CrateDB. It uses Lucene as a storage engine. Learn more about indexing, columnar storage, and aggregations with CrateDB."> <style> .cr-header-full-height { height: 100vh; } </style>   <script src="https://cratedb.com/hs-fs/hub/19927462/hub_generated/template_assets/103134656537/1676853350416/sf2-crate/js/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta property="og:description" content="Indexing is crucial for fast queries and column-based data retrieval in CrateDB. It uses Lucene as a storage engine. Learn more about indexing, columnar storage, and aggregations with CrateDB."> <meta property="og:title" content="Indexing, Columnar Storage, and Aggregations"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Indexing is crucial for fast queries and column-based data retrieval in CrateDB. It uses Lucene as a storage engine. Learn more about indexing, columnar storage, and aggregations with CrateDB."> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Indexing, Columnar Storage, and Aggregations"> <style> a.cta_button{-moz-box-sizing:content-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box !important;box-sizing:content-box !important;vertical-align:middle}.hs-breadcrumb-menu{list-style-type:none;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px}.hs-breadcrumb-menu-item{float:left;padding:10px 0px 10px 10px}.hs-breadcrumb-menu-divider:before{content:'›';padding-left:10px}.hs-featured-image-link{border:0}.hs-featured-image{float:right;margin:0 0 20px 20px;max-width:50%}@media (max-width: 568px){.hs-featured-image{float:none;margin:0;width:100%;max-width:100%}}.hs-screen-reader-text{clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute !important;width:1px} </style> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cratedb.com/hs-fs/hub/19927462/hub_generated/template_assets/52693799430/1721897980656/sf2-crate/css/main.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cratedb.com/hs-fs/hub/19927462/hub_generated/template_assets/52694827330/1729004392151/sf2-crate/css/theme-overrides.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cratedb.com/hs-fs/hub/19927462/hub_generated/module_assets/55523967869/1722426745670/module_55523967869_Header_Notif_Bar.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cratedb.com/hs-fs/hub/19927462/hub_generated/module_assets/52694764069/1701097527939/module_52694764069_menu-section.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hub/-1/hub_generated/module_assets/-35056501883/1732641106642/module_-35056501883_Video.min.css"> <style> #oembed_container-module_16923575600354 .oembed_custom-thumbnail_icon svg { fill: #ffffff; } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cratedb.com/hs-fs/hub/19927462/hub_generated/module_assets/52697609066/1633080952018/module_52697609066_advanced-richtext.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cratedb.com/hs-fs/hub/19927462/hub_generated/module_assets/53152974980/1676852665553/module_53152974980_advanced-section-css.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cratedb.com/hs-fs/hub/19927462/hub_generated/module_assets/124127418129/1716804134819/module_124127418129_Related_Content_23.min.css">  <style id="hs_editor_style" type="text/css"> #hs_cos_wrapper_widget_1692359205002 { display: block !important; padding-bottom: 30px !important } #hs_cos_wrapper_widget_1692359205002 { display: block !important; padding-bottom: 30px !important } .dnd_area-row-0-force-full-width-section > .row-fluid { max-width: none !important; } .widget_1692359205002-flexbox-positioning { display: -ms-flexbox !important; -ms-flex-direction: column !important; -ms-flex-align: center !important; -ms-flex-pack: start; display: flex !important; flex-direction: column !important; align-items: center !important; justify-content: flex-start; } .widget_1692359205002-flexbox-positioning > div { max-width: 100%; flex-shrink: 0 !important; } .module_170973328271110-flexbox-positioning { display: -ms-flexbox !important; -ms-flex-direction: column !important; -ms-flex-align: center !important; -ms-flex-pack: start; display: flex !important; flex-direction: column !important; align-items: center !important; justify-content: flex-start; } .module_170973328271110-flexbox-positioning > div { max-width: 100%; flex-shrink: 0 !important; } /* HubSpot Non-stacked Media Query Styles */ @media (min-width:768px) { .dnd_area-row-2-vertical-alignment > .row-fluid { display: -ms-flexbox !important; -ms-flex-direction: row; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row; } .cell_16299046202052-row-3-vertical-alignment > .row-fluid { display: -ms-flexbox !important; -ms-flex-direction: row; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row; } .cell_1692359278194-vertical-alignment { display: -ms-flexbox !important; -ms-flex-direction: column !important; -ms-flex-pack: center !important; display: flex !important; flex-direction: column !important; justify-content: center !important; } .cell_1692359278194-vertical-alignment > div { flex-shrink: 0 !important; } .cell_16923575600352-vertical-alignment { display: -ms-flexbox !important; -ms-flex-direction: column !important; -ms-flex-pack: center !important; display: flex !important; flex-direction: column !important; justify-content: center !important; } .cell_16923575600352-vertical-alignment > div { flex-shrink: 0 !important; } .cell_1692357560035-vertical-alignment { display: -ms-flexbox !important; -ms-flex-direction: column !important; -ms-flex-pack: center !important; display: flex !important; flex-direction: column !important; justify-content: center !important; } .cell_1692357560035-vertical-alignment > div { flex-shrink: 0 !important; } } /* HubSpot Styles (default) */ .dnd_area-row-0-background-layers { background-image: url('https://cratedb.com/hubfs/cr-header-mesh.jpg') !important; background-position: center center !important; background-size: cover !important; background-repeat: no-repeat !important; } .dnd_area-row-1-padding { padding-bottom: 40px !important; } .dnd_area-row-2-padding { padding-bottom: 40px !important; } .dnd_area-row-2-background-layers { background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(243, 243, 243, 1), rgba(243, 243, 243, 1)) !important; background-position: left top !important; background-size: auto !important; background-repeat: no-repeat !important; } .dnd_area-row-3-padding { padding-top: 0px !important; } .dnd_area-row-3-background-layers { background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(243, 243, 243, 1), rgba(243, 243, 243, 1)) !important; background-position: left top !important; background-size: auto !important; background-repeat: no-repeat !important; } .dnd_area-row-4-padding { padding-bottom: 0px !important; } .dnd_area-row-5-background-layers { background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(246, 246, 246, 1), rgba(246, 246, 246, 1)) !important; background-position: left top !important; background-size: auto !important; background-repeat: no-repeat !important; } .widget_1692361667092-hidden { display: block !important; } </style>  <script> var _hsp = window._hsp = window._hsp || []; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} var useGoogleConsentModeV2 = true; var waitForUpdateMillis = 1000; if (!window._hsGoogleConsentRunOnce) { window._hsGoogleConsentRunOnce = true; gtag('consent', 'default', { 'ad_storage': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'denied', 'ad_user_data': 'denied', 'ad_personalization': 'denied', 'wait_for_update': waitForUpdateMillis }); if (useGoogleConsentModeV2) { _hsp.push(['useGoogleConsentModeV2']) } else { _hsp.push(['addPrivacyConsentListener', function(consent){ var hasAnalyticsConsent = consent && (consent.allowed || (consent.categories && consent.categories.analytics)); var hasAdsConsent = consent && (consent.allowed || (consent.categories && consent.categories.advertisement)); gtag('consent', 'update', { 'ad_storage': hasAdsConsent ? 'granted' : 'denied', 'analytics_storage': hasAnalyticsConsent ? 'granted' : 'denied', 'ad_user_data': hasAdsConsent ? 'granted' : 'denied', 'ad_personalization': hasAdsConsent ? 'granted' : 'denied' }); }]); } } gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('set', 'developer_id.dZTQ1Zm', true); gtag('config', 'G-6J80J11VFJ'); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-6J80J11VFJ"></script>   <script> var _hsp = window._hsp = window._hsp || []; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} var useGoogleConsentModeV2 = true; var waitForUpdateMillis = 1000; var hsLoadGtm = function loadGtm() { if(window._hsGtmLoadOnce) { return; } if (useGoogleConsentModeV2) { gtag('set','developer_id.dZTQ1Zm',true); gtag('consent', 'default', { 'ad_storage': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'denied', 'ad_user_data': 'denied', 'ad_personalization': 'denied', 'wait_for_update': waitForUpdateMillis }); _hsp.push(['useGoogleConsentModeV2']) } (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WHMDSK'); window._hsGtmLoadOnce = true; }; _hsp.push(['addPrivacyConsentListener', function(consent){ if(consent.allowed || (consent.categories && consent.categories.analytics)){ hsLoadGtm(); } }]); </script>  <link rel="canonical" href="https://cratedb.com/product/features/indexing-columnar-storage-aggregations"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://cratedb.com/product/features/indexing-columnar-storage-aggregations"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"> <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en">    <meta property="og:image" content="https://cratedb.com/hubfs/cr-featured-image-23.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630"> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="CrateDB - Data Insights at Scale"> <meta name="generator" content="HubSpot"></head> <body class="">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WHMDSK" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div class="body-wrapper hs-content-id-130761689120 hs-site-page page "> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_Header_Notif_Bar" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"></div> <div data-global-resource-path="sf2-crate/templates/partials/header-landify.html"> <header class="header" style="color: #ffffff ;" id="top"> <a href="#main-content" class="header__skip">Skip to content</a> <div class="header__container content-wrapper"> <div class="header__logo header__logo--main"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_site_logo" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module widget-type-logo" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"> <span id="hs_cos_wrapper_site_logo_hs_logo_widget" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_logo" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="logo"><a href="/" id="hs-link-site_logo_hs_logo_widget" style="border-width:0px;border:0px;"><img src="https://cratedb.com/hubfs/CrateDB-logo-blue-white.svg" class="hs-image-widget " height="204" style="height: auto;width:1433px;border-width:0px;border:0px;" width="1433" alt="CrateDB logo" title="CrateDB logo" loading="eager"></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="header_nav_column" style="text-align: center ;"> <div class="header_nav"> <div class="header--toggle header__navigation--toggle"></div> <div class="header__close--toggle"></div> <div class="header__navigation header--element"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_navigation-primary" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"> <nav aria-label="Main menu" class="navigation-primary"> <ul class="submenu level-1"> <li class="has-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="javascript:;" class="menu-link" title="Product">Product</a> <ul class="submenu level-2"> <li class="has-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="javascript:;" class="menu-link" title="Database">Database</a> <ul class="submenu level-3"> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/database" class="menu-link" title="Overview">Overview</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/database/cloud" class="menu-link" title="CrateDB Cloud">CrateDB Cloud</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/database/self-managed" class="menu-link" title="CrateDB Self-Managed">CrateDB Self-Managed</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/database/sql-examples" class="menu-link" title="SQL examples">SQL examples</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/database/integrations" class="menu-link" title="Integrations">Integrations</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/database/security" class="menu-link" title="Security">Security</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="has-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="javascript:;" class="menu-link" title="Data models">Data models</a> <ul class="submenu level-3"> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/data-model/time-series" class="menu-link" title="Time-series">Time-series</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/data-model/json" class="menu-link" title="Document/JSON">Document/JSON</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/data-model/vector" class="menu-link" title="Vector">Vector</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/data-model/full-text" class="menu-link" title="Full-text">Full-text</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/data-model/geospatial" class="menu-link" title="Spatial">Spatial</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/data-model/relational" class="menu-link" title="Relational">Relational</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="has-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="javascript:;" class="menu-link" title="Use cases">Use cases</a> <ul class="submenu level-2"> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/use-cases/ai-ml-database" class="menu-link" title="AI/ML integration">AI/ML integration</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/use-cases/chatbots/" class="menu-link" title="AI-powered chatbots">AI-powered chatbots</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/use-cases/iot-database" class="menu-link" title="Internet of Things">Internet of Things</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/use-cases/digital-twins-database" class="menu-link" title="Digital twins">Digital twins</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/use-cases/geospatial-analytics" class="menu-link" title="Geospatial analytics">Geospatial analytics</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/use-cases/log-database" class="menu-link" title="Log & event analysis">Log & event analysis</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/use-cases/database-consolidation" class="menu-link" title="Database consolidation">Database consolidation</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="has-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="javascript:;" class="menu-link" title="Industries">Industries</a> <ul class="submenu level-2"> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/industries/energy" class="menu-link" title="Energy">Energy</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/industries/financial-services" class="menu-link" title="Financial Services">Financial Services</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/industries/fmcg" class="menu-link" title="FMCG">FMCG</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/industries/logistics" class="menu-link" title="Logistics">Logistics</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/industries/manufacturing" class="menu-link" title="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/industries/oil-gas-mining" class="menu-link" title="Oil, gas & mining">Oil, gas & mining</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/industries/smart-cities" class="menu-link" title="Smart city solutions">Smart city solutions</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/industries/tech-platforms" class="menu-link" title="Technology platforms">Technology platforms</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/industries/telco" class="menu-link" title="Telco">Telco</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/industries/transportation" class="menu-link" title="Transportation">Transportation</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="has-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="javascript:;" class="menu-link" title="Resources">Resources</a> <ul class="submenu level-2"> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/stories" class="menu-link" title="User stories">User stories</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/academy" class="menu-link" title="Academy">Academy</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/library" class="menu-link" title="Asset library">Asset library</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/blog" class="menu-link" title="Blog">Blog</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/event" class="menu-link" title="Events">Events</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="has-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="javascript:;" class="menu-link" title="Developer">Developer</a> <ul class="submenu level-2"> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="/docs/guide/home/" class="menu-link" title="Documentation">Documentation</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/database/drivers-tools" class="menu-link" title="Drivers and tools">Drivers and tools</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/community" class="menu-link" title="Community">Community</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://github.com/crate/crate/" class="menu-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="GitHub">GitHub</a> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/support" class="menu-link" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="no-submenu menu-item hs-skip-lang-url-rewrite"> <a href="https://cratedb.com/pricing" class="menu-link" title="Pricing">Pricing</a> </li> </ul> </nav></div> <div class="header__cta__column mb"> <div class="header__cta"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_161720035400929" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"><div class="ly-cta-div header-icons"> <div class="cr-gh-header"> <a href="https://github.com/crate/" title="Follow CrateDB on GitHub" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"> <svg version="1.0" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 496 512" aria-labelledby="github5" role="img"><path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"></path></svg> </a> </div> <div class="cr-gh-header cr-search-header"> <a href="/search" class="search-btn menu-link" title="Search on cratedb.com"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M416 208c0 45.9-14.9 88.3-40 122.7L502.6 457.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3s-32.8 12.5-45.3 0L330.7 376c-34.4 25.2-76.8 40-122.7 40C93.1 416 0 322.9 0 208S93.1 0 208 0S416 93.1 416 208zM208 352a144 144 0 1 0 0-288 144 144 0 1 0 0 288z"></path></svg> </a> </div> </div> <div class="ly-cta-div" style="margin-right:0;"> <div class="hs-web-interactive-inline" style="" data-hubspot-wrapper-cta-id="140734001567"> <a href="https://cta-service-cms2.hubspot.com/web-interactives/public/v1/track/click?encryptedPayload=AVxigLLN26yv8kQRp2WAoeOu9bNBbkLvTvRFUszq%2FYx5PHh5KDMckqiVw13YriNZl%2FdwfLQhIBdngdVl9Lx2IjudAdjrNLPdfhOwxbALtLSGiVSiJme4GD1HjmmjV%2BLWcWF9BI7hRc97dyKGXNt5JHxSRJoHlvLASH5kuFKzd92WI2YJWJb%2BFVwL%2FkowhjQ7LStla2KXRfev%2Bt5hHZ6w0AIdYbL%2Bw5TrWqqtyhZwdCt8vhgIqhu3f3Em59QiBrX4OknB3IvxW9zy0KkmILmwktRj%2BbA%3D&portalId=19927462" target="_blank" class="hs-inline-web-interactive-140734001567 cta-btn login-cta menu-link " data-hubspot-cta-id="140734001567"> Log In </a> </div> </div> <div class="ly-cta-div"> <div class="hs-web-interactive-inline" style="" data-hubspot-wrapper-cta-id="178336831256"> <a href="https://cta-service-cms2.hubspot.com/web-interactives/public/v1/track/click?encryptedPayload=AVxigLIJe21Dd%2BqMBXuwhUEwIxeKvQRteMuuvBgS0cjHs7WtGTrDP%2FOCVzg%2F92IOl9VbWfNtTIu%2FKC6mz8pqjKES7LqJM2rA5K6VXfMhvFaG4WQW2LFPe9AVNyYpYDsMuKe%2FlqIfbRifuiV29ECfFn%2BRra2Unad4SCh6ECtacrskeaY%2FWA%3D%3D&portalId=19927462" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="hs-inline-web-interactive-178336831256 cr-btn-div cr-btn-2 " data-hubspot-cta-id="178336831256"> Start free </a> </div> </div> <style> .ly-cta-div a.cta-btn.login-cta{ color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-size:16px; } .ly-cta-div a.cta-btn.signup-cta{ color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-size:16px; } .ly-cta-div a.cta-btn{ display:inline-block; position:relative; padding:10px 25px; font-family:sans-serif; transition: all .4s ease; line-height:21px; border-radius:5px; cursor:pointer; text-decoration:none; font-weight: 600; } .ly-cta-div a.cta-btn:hover{ opacity:.7; } .cr-gh-header.cr-search-header { padding: 0; margin-right: 0; } div#hs_cos_wrapper_module_161720035400929 { display: inline-block; } </style></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header__cta__column lg"> <div class="header__cta"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_161720035400929" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"><div class="ly-cta-div header-icons"> <div class="cr-gh-header"> <a href="https://github.com/crate/" title="Follow CrateDB on GitHub" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"> <svg version="1.0" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 496 512" aria-labelledby="github5" role="img"><path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"></path></svg> </a> </div> <div class="cr-gh-header cr-search-header"> <a href="/search" class="search-btn menu-link" title="Search on cratedb.com"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M416 208c0 45.9-14.9 88.3-40 122.7L502.6 457.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3s-32.8 12.5-45.3 0L330.7 376c-34.4 25.2-76.8 40-122.7 40C93.1 416 0 322.9 0 208S93.1 0 208 0S416 93.1 416 208zM208 352a144 144 0 1 0 0-288 144 144 0 1 0 0 288z"></path></svg> </a> </div> </div> <div class="ly-cta-div" style="margin-right:0;"> <div class="hs-web-interactive-inline" style="" data-hubspot-wrapper-cta-id="140734001567"> <a href="https://cta-service-cms2.hubspot.com/web-interactives/public/v1/track/click?encryptedPayload=AVxigLLN26yv8kQRp2WAoeOu9bNBbkLvTvRFUszq%2FYx5PHh5KDMckqiVw13YriNZl%2FdwfLQhIBdngdVl9Lx2IjudAdjrNLPdfhOwxbALtLSGiVSiJme4GD1HjmmjV%2BLWcWF9BI7hRc97dyKGXNt5JHxSRJoHlvLASH5kuFKzd92WI2YJWJb%2BFVwL%2FkowhjQ7LStla2KXRfev%2Bt5hHZ6w0AIdYbL%2Bw5TrWqqtyhZwdCt8vhgIqhu3f3Em59QiBrX4OknB3IvxW9zy0KkmILmwktRj%2BbA%3D&portalId=19927462" target="_blank" class="hs-inline-web-interactive-140734001567 cta-btn login-cta menu-link " data-hubspot-cta-id="140734001567"> Log In </a> </div> </div> <div class="ly-cta-div"> <div class="hs-web-interactive-inline" style="" data-hubspot-wrapper-cta-id="178336831256"> <a href="https://cta-service-cms2.hubspot.com/web-interactives/public/v1/track/click?encryptedPayload=AVxigLIJe21Dd%2BqMBXuwhUEwIxeKvQRteMuuvBgS0cjHs7WtGTrDP%2FOCVzg%2F92IOl9VbWfNtTIu%2FKC6mz8pqjKES7LqJM2rA5K6VXfMhvFaG4WQW2LFPe9AVNyYpYDsMuKe%2FlqIfbRifuiV29ECfFn%2BRra2Unad4SCh6ECtacrskeaY%2FWA%3D%3D&portalId=19927462" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="hs-inline-web-interactive-178336831256 cr-btn-div cr-btn-2 " data-hubspot-cta-id="178336831256"> Start free </a> </div> </div> <style> .ly-cta-div a.cta-btn.login-cta{ color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-size:16px; } .ly-cta-div a.cta-btn.signup-cta{ color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-size:16px; } .ly-cta-div a.cta-btn{ display:inline-block; position:relative; padding:10px 25px; font-family:sans-serif; transition: all .4s ease; line-height:21px; border-radius:5px; cursor:pointer; text-decoration:none; font-weight: 600; } .ly-cta-div a.cta-btn:hover{ opacity:.7; } .cr-gh-header.cr-search-header { padding: 0; margin-right: 0; } div#hs_cos_wrapper_module_161720035400929 { display: inline-block; } </style></div> </div> </div> </div> </header></div> <main id="main-content" class="body-container-wrapper"> <div class="container-fluid body-container body-container--about"> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper"> <div class="row-fluid"> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-cell " style="" data-widget-type="cell" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-1 dnd_area-row-0-force-full-width-section dnd_area-row-0-background-layers dnd-section dnd_area-row-0-background-image"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-cell dnd-column" style="" data-widget-type="cell" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-2 dnd-row"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-custom_widget dnd-module" style="" data-widget-type="custom_widget" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_16901864227893" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"> <div class="cr-clusters-items-wrapper cr-clusters-limit" id="module_16901864227893"> <style> #module_16901864227893.cr-clusters-items-wrapper { /*max-width: 1760px;*/ margin: 0 auto; } #module_16901864227893.cr-clusters-items-wrapper.cr-clusters-limit, .cr-meta-inner { max-width: 1200px; } #module_16901864227893 .cr-clusters-container.cr-customers-header-sub { max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; } #module_16901864227893 .cr-clusters-container { display: flex; align-items: center; } #module_16901864227893 .cr-clusters-header { margin-bottom: 20px; display: flex; align-items: baseline; } #module_16901864227893 .cr-clusters-header h1 { letter-spacing: -2.04px; max-width: 620px; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-family: Montserrat, Inter, Arial, sans-serif !important; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; } #module_16901864227893 .cr-customers-header-sub .cr-clusters-header h1 { max-width: 980px; } #module_16901864227893 .cr-customers-header-sub .cr-clusters-limit-width-headline.cr-clusters-header h1 { max-width: 700px; } #module_16901864227893.cr-clusters-limit .cr-customers-header-sub .cr-clusters-introtext { max-width: 950px; } #module_16901864227893:not(.cr-clusters-limit) .cr-customers-header-sub .cr-clusters-introtext { max-width: 100%; } #module_16901864227893 .cr-clusters-image { flex: 3; } #module_16901864227893 .cr-clusters-image img { height: auto; } #module_16901864227893 .cr-clusters-introtext, #module_16901864227893 .cr-clusters-introtext p, #module_16901864227893 .cr-clusters-introtext span { color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1.0); font-size: 21px; margin-right: 100px; } #module_16901864227893 .cr-clusters-introtext { max-width: 680px; } #module_16901864227893 .cr-clusters-left { padding-top: 60px; flex: 3; } #module_16901864227893 .cr-header-section { display: block; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; color: #19C0EA; } #module_16901864227893 .cr-clusters-arrow { align-self: flex-end; } #module_16901864227893 .cr-clusters-arrow svg { max-width: 40px; height: auto; } .cr-landingpage-header { margin-bottom: 78px; } .cr-landingpage-header .dnd-column { padding: 0; } .cr-header-meta-bar { background: rgb(8, 29, 36); opacity: 1; padding: 20px 20px; position: absolute; bottom: -146px; left: 0; right: 0; margin-left: -20px; margin-right: -20px; } .cr-header-meta-bar > div > div { display: flex; font-family: Inter; font-weight: 600; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; letter-spacing: 0px; color: #FFFFFF; opacity: 1; } .cr-meta-inner { display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center; justify-content: flex-start; margin: 0 auto; } .cr-meta-item { display: flex; align-items: center; margin-right: 30px; } .cr-meta-item img { margin-right: 10px; } .cr-header-speaker-image img { border-radius: 50%; max-width: 80px !important; } .cr-header-speaker-name { letter-spacing: -0.56px; color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px; font-weight: bold; font-family: Inter; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2px; } .cr-header-speakers { display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-top: 80px; } .cr-header-speakers-item:last-child { margin-left: 50px; } .cr-header-speaker-title { letter-spacing: -0.36px; color: #e3b15b; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; font-family: Inter; font-weight: 500; text-align: center; } .cr-header-speaker-image { text-align: center; } .cr-header-multipurpose { position: relative; } /*@media all and (min-width: 1200px) { .cr-header-speaker-image img { max-width: 100% !important; } }*/ @media all and (max-width: 1200px) { } @media all and (max-width: 980px) { #module_16901864227893 .cr-clusters-container { flex-direction: column; } #module_16901864227893 .cr-clusters-introtext { font-size: 18px; } #module_16901864227893 .cr-clusters-header h1 { width: auto; max-width: 100%; } #module_16901864227893 .cr-clusters-container { align-items: flex-start; } } @media all and (max-width: 767px) { #module_16901864227893 .cr-clusters-introtext { margin-right: 0; } .cr-header-meta-bar > div > div { flex-direction: column; text-align: center; font-size: 14px; } .cr-meta-item { margin-right: 10px; } .cr-header-speakers { margin-top: 40px; } } </style> <div class="cr-clusters-container cr-customers-header-sub"> <div class="cr-clusters-left"> <span class="cr-header-section">Features</span> <div class="cr-clusters-header "> <h1 style="color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1.0);">Advanced Indexing and Columnar Storage</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-3 dnd_area-row-1-padding dnd-section"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-cell dnd-column" style="" data-widget-type="cell" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-4 dnd-row"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-custom_widget dnd-module" style="" data-widget-type="custom_widget" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_1692170510609" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module widget-type-rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"><span id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_1692170510609_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="rich_text"><p>CrateDB uses<a href="/product/features/lucene-engine" rel="noopener" style="font-weight: bold;"> Lucene </a>as a storage engine enabling<a href="/product/features/query-performance" rel="noopener"> fast search queries</a> and aggregations. By default, everything gets indexed using various index methods (<a href="/product/features/full-text-search" rel="noopener" style="font-weight: bold;">full-text</a><span style="font-weight: bold;">, </span><a href="/solutions/geospatial-database" rel="noopener" style="font-weight: bold;">geospatial</a><span style="font-weight: bold;">, BKD-trees</span>) for each data type and stored in a column store, also referred to as <span style="font-weight: bold;">doc values</span>, to improve query speed for aggregations across large data sets.</p> <a id="columnar-storage" data-hs-anchor="true"></a> <h2>Columnar Storage</h2> <p>In conjunction with advanced indexing strategies, CrateDB adopts a columnar storage approach that facilitates fast queries and complex aggregations across large data sets. In CrateDB, each value term is stored in a column store by default, alongside storing the row data as-is and indexing each value automatically. This design provides various advantages:</p> <ul> <li>Storing data for the same field together <strong>optimizes file-system cache utilization.</strong> This eliminates the need to load unnecessary data for fields not needed by the query and improves global aggregations and groupings.</li> <li>By segmenting data into blocks and incorporating metadata about the range or set of unique values in the block header, certain queries may entirely <strong>skip unnecessary blocks during execution.</strong> This enables the possibility of ordering as data for one column is packed at one place.</li> <li>Implementation of specific techniques allows <strong>querying data without decompressing it first.</strong></li> </ul></span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-5 dnd-row"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-custom_widget dnd-module widget_1692361667092-hidden" style="" data-widget-type="custom_widget" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_widget_1692361667092" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"> <div id="widget_1692361667092" class=" code-toolbar" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <pre class="cr-code-parent line-numbers no-whitespace-normalization language-sql"><pre><code>CREATE TABLE t1 ( id INTEGER, url TEXT INDEX OFF STORAGE WITH (columnstore = false) ); </code></pre></pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-6 dnd-row"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-custom_widget dnd-module" style="" data-widget-type="custom_widget" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_1692361716341" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module widget-type-rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"><span id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_1692361716341_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="rich_text"><a id="indexing" data-hs-anchor="true"></a> <h2>Indexing</h2> <p>When ingesting data, the queries you will make over time may not be clear initially, and use cases tend to evolve, leading to new requirements and query patterns.</p> <p>To ensure <a href="/product/features/query-performance" rel="noopener">fast query responses</a> for any query type, CrateDB automatically indexes every attribute by default. Depending on the<a href="/solutions/multi-model-database" rel="noopener"> data type</a>, the following strategies are applied:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Inverted Index for text values:</strong> Facilitates efficient search for precise text matches, including support for wildcards and regular expressions. Text columns are using a plain inverted index by default that doesn’t analyze the text. One can also define a <a href="/product/features/full-text-search" rel="noopener">full-text</a> index with custom analyzers.</li> <li><strong>Block k-d trees (BKD) for numeric, date, and geospatial values: </strong>Highly efficient indexes designed for optimal IO. Numeric values, including geopoints, are indexed using BKD-trees. Most data structure resides in on-disk blocks, with a small in-heap binary tree index structure for locating blocks at search time. This design ensures excellent query and update performance regardless of the number of updates performed.</li> <li><strong>HNSW (Hierarchical Navigable Small World) graphs</strong> <strong>for high dimensional vectors: </strong>Enables efficient approximate nearest neighbor search, commonly known as <a href="/blog/vector-similarity-search" rel="noopener">similarity search</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Additionally, full-text indexes can be added on-demand to unlock features like fuzzy search, phrase search, and attribute boosting. CrateDB offers over 30 languages, 11 analyzers, 15 tokenizers, more than 35 token filters, and the flexibility for custom analyzers and tokenizers.</p> <p> </p></span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-7 cell_16299046202052-row-3-vertical-alignment dnd-row"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-cell cell_1692359278194-vertical-alignment dnd-column" style="" data-widget-type="cell" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-8 dnd-row"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-custom_widget widget_1692359205002-flexbox-positioning dnd-module" style="" data-widget-type="custom_widget" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_widget_1692359205002" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module widget-type-linked_image" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"> <span id="hs_cos_wrapper_widget_1692359205002_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_linked_image" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="linked_image"><img src="https://crate.io/hubfs/CrateDB-Inverted-Index.jpg" class="hs-image-widget " width="622" height="350" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;" alt="CrateDB-Inverted-Index" title="CrateDB-Inverted-Index" loading="lazy"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-9 dnd-row"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-custom_widget dnd-module" style="" data-widget-type="custom_widget" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_1692361966773" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module widget-type-rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"><span id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_1692361966773_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="rich_text"><h2>Object Storage and Indexing<span></span></h2> <p>CrateDB dynamically maps each sub-column to a data type and stores primitive object properties as sub-columns using the above mention column store. Each sub-column is also indexed by default. This dynamic mapping can be disabled by the user.<br><br>The efficient indexing through <a href="/product/features/lucene-engine" rel="noopener">Lucene </a>provides fast search across billions of records.</p></span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-10 dnd-row"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span6 widget-span widget-type-custom_widget dnd-module" style="" data-widget-type="custom_widget" data-x="0" data-w="6"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_widget_1692363376889" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"> <div id="widget_1692363376889" class=" code-toolbar" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <pre class="cr-code-parent line-numbers no-whitespace-normalization language-sql"><pre><code>// obj JSON { "MachineID" : "drill001", "Sensors" : [ { "name" : "temp1", "value": 21.5 }, { "name" : "temp2", "value": 20.8 }, { "name" : "accel", "value": 3.2 } ], "Events" : { "type" : "info"} } </code></pre></pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="span6 widget-span widget-type-custom_widget dnd-module" style="" data-widget-type="custom_widget" data-x="6" data-w="6"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_1694185324804" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"> <div id="module_1694185324804" class="cr-code-wrap code-toolbar" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <pre class="cr-code-parent line-numbers language-sql"><pre><code>// find all Machines that emit an INFO event and provide a temperature value SELECT obj['MachineID'] as "machine" FROM my_devices WHERE obj['Events']['type'] = 'info' AND 'temp1' = ANY(obj['Sensors']['name']);</code></pre></pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-11 dnd-row"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-custom_widget dnd-module" style="" data-widget-type="custom_widget" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_1692362070363" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module widget-type-rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"><span id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_1692362070363_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="rich_text"><a id="aggregations" data-hs-anchor="true"></a> <h2>Aggregations</h2> <p>Aggregation functions (e.g., count (*), GROUP BY) in CrateDB are used to calculate a single summary value for one or more columns of data. Aggregate functions can be used to compute results across all rows or to return a single summary value for each group of column values.</p></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-12 dnd_area-row-2-background-layers dnd_area-row-2-padding dnd_area-row-2-background-color dnd-section dnd_area-row-2-vertical-alignment"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span6 widget-span widget-type-cell cell_1692357560035-vertical-alignment dnd-column" style="" data-widget-type="cell" data-x="0" data-w="6"> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-13 dnd-row"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-custom_widget dnd-module" style="" data-widget-type="custom_widget" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_16923575600354" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"> <div class="oembed_container oembed_container--full-size" id="oembed_container-module_16923575600354"> <div class="iframe_wrapper" data-embed-response-html="<iframe width="200" height="113" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/XcmD1IGbBxM?start=1446&feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen title="Marija Selakovic"></iframe>" data-embed-response-width="200" data-embed-response-height="113" data-embed-url="https://youtu.be/XcmD1IGbBxM?t=1446"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="span6 widget-span widget-type-cell cell_16923575600352-vertical-alignment dnd-column" style="" data-widget-type="cell" data-x="6" data-w="6"> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-14 dnd-row"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-custom_widget dnd-module" style="" data-widget-type="custom_widget" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_16923575600356" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module widget-type-rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"><div class="advanced-richtext body_text_regular"> <span id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_16923575600356_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="rich_text"><h3>CrateDB at Big Data Conference Europe 2022</h3> <p>Not all Time-Series are Equal – Challenges of Storing and Analyzing Industrial Data</p> <p><em><span data-contrast="auto" xml:lang="EN-GB" lang="EN-GB">Timestamp:  24:06 – 27:00</span></em></p></span> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-15 dnd-section dnd_area-row-3-padding dnd_area-row-3-background-layers dnd_area-row-3-background-color"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span6 widget-span widget-type-cell dnd-column" style="" data-widget-type="cell" data-x="0" data-w="6"> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-16 dnd-row"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-custom_widget dnd-module" style="" data-widget-type="custom_widget" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_17097332827115" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module widget-type-rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"><div class="advanced-richtext body_text_regular"> <span id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_17097332827115_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="rich_text"><h3>CrateDB Architecture Guide</h3></span> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-17 dnd-row"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-custom_widget dnd-module" style="" data-widget-type="custom_widget" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_17097332827116" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module widget-type-rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"><div class="advanced-richtext body_text_regular"> <span id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_17097332827116_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="rich_text"><p>This comprehensive guide covers all the key concepts you need to know about CrateDB's architecture. It will help you gain a deeper understanding of what makes it performant, scalable, flexible and easy to use. Armed with this knowledge, you will be better equipped to make informed decisions about when to leverage CrateDB for your data projects. </p> <p></p><div class="hs-web-interactive-inline" style="" data-hubspot-wrapper-cta-id="154320457846"> <a href="https://cta-service-cms2.hubspot.com/web-interactives/public/v1/track/click?encryptedPayload=AVxigLIGWZekPsx433ENZAd5ss2WLeROzugu8OQtDPemxZhXtsXejc0tvj%2FTyVpDwDPP%2B99iziR7E%2BHRnBHnzJW%2B4kRz8%2Bk15yek7U%2BWYN%2Fh%2B2TRR3W2%2BLmL5JeYvAT0PniG2JPklmNVxrM%2FclrQXX3yDcBat51lqQRB7Ca%2Bri9xz6%2FzMsQf24W22k07ZNLXrNDWMocsvzoRgeJodUSVzqz31jP6ZpQHC7p9JeZQUuo8gGM%3D&portalId=19927462" class="hs-inline-web-interactive-154320457846 hs-button " data-hubspot-cta-id="154320457846"> Download the white paper </a> </div><p></p></span> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="span6 widget-span widget-type-cell dnd-column" style="" data-widget-type="cell" data-x="6" data-w="6"> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-18 dnd-row"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-custom_widget dnd-module" style="" data-widget-type="custom_widget" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_17097332827119" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"> <div data-module="advanced-section" class="module-section-options" id="module-section-options-179183"> </div> <script id="module-section-options-179183"> if( window._fr == null) { window._fr = []; } if( window._fr.sections == null) { window._fr.sections = []; } var options = { 'moduleID': 'module-section-options-179183', 'enable': 'true', 'layout':{ }, 'typography': { }, 'background': { }, 'advanced': { 'css_classes' : 'cr-col-reverse' } }; window._fr.sections.push(options); </script></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-19 dnd-row"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-custom_widget dnd-module module_170973328271110-flexbox-positioning" style="" data-widget-type="custom_widget" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_170973328271110" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module widget-type-linked_image" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"> <span id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_170973328271110_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_linked_image" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="linked_image"><a href="/resources/white-papers/lp-wp-architecture-guide" target="_parent" id="hs-link-module_170973328271110_" style="border-width:0px;border:0px;"><img src="https://cratedb.com/hubfs/CrateDB-Architecture-Guide-Cover.jpg" class="hs-image-widget " style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;" alt="CrateDB-Architecture-Guide-Cover" title="CrateDB-Architecture-Guide-Cover" loading="lazy"></a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-20 dnd-section dnd_area-row-4-padding"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-cell dnd-column" style="" data-widget-type="cell" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-21 dnd-row"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-custom_widget dnd-module" style="" data-widget-type="custom_widget" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_17097333299608" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"><style> #module_17097333299608 h2.cr-headline { font-size: 30px; letter-spacing: -1.7px; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 40px; font-family: Montserrat, Inter, Arial, sans-serif !important; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; } h3.cr-subheadline { font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.3; color: #000; margin-top: 4px; margin-bottom: 0; } @media all and (max-width: 767px) { #module_17097333299608 h2.cr-headline { font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; } h3.cr-subheadline { font-size: 18px; } } </style> <h2 id="module_17097333299608" class="cr-headline" style="">Additional resources</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-22 dnd-row"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-custom_widget dnd-module" style="" data-widget-type="custom_widget" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_17097333299609" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"><style> #module_17097333299609{ } #module_17097333299609 h1 { color: ; } </style> <div class="cr-relatedcontent" id="module_17097333299609"> <div class="content-wrapper"> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-cards"> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-slide"> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-tag"> <h3>Documentation</h3> </div> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-headline"> <h3> <a href="https://cratedb.com/docs/crate/reference/en/latest/general/ddl/fulltext-indices.html#indices-and-fulltext" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Fulltext indices</a> </h3> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-content"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_17097333299609_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_inline_rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="inline_rich_text" data-hs-cos-field="content"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-slide"> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-tag"> <h3>Documentation</h3> </div> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-headline"> <h3> <a href="https://cratedb.com/docs/crate/reference/en/latest/general/ddl/storage.html#column-store" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Column Store</a> </h3> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-content"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_17097333299609_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_inline_rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="inline_rich_text" data-hs-cos-field="content"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-slide"> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-tag"> <h3>Documentation</h3> </div> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-headline"> <h3> <a href="https://cratedb.com/docs/crate/reference/en/latest/general/ddl/column-policy.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Column Policy</a> </h3> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-content"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_17097333299609_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_inline_rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="inline_rich_text" data-hs-cos-field="content"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-slide"> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-tag"> <h3>Documentation</h3> </div> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-headline"> <h3> <a href="https://cratedb.com/docs/crate/reference/en/latest/general/builtins/aggregation.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Aggregations</a> </h3> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-content"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_17097333299609_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_inline_rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="inline_rich_text" data-hs-cos-field="content"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-slide"> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-tag"> <h3>Blog</h3> </div> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-headline"> <h3> <a href="https://cratedb.com/blog/indexing-and-storage-in-cratedb"> Indexing and Storage in CrateDB</a> </h3> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-content"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_17097333299609_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_inline_rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="inline_rich_text" data-hs-cos-field="content"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-slide"> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-tag"> <h3>Blog</h3> </div> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-headline"> <h3> <a href="https://cratedb.com/blog/handling-dynamic-objects-in-cratedb"> Handling Dynamic Objects in CrateDB</a> </h3> <div class="cr-relatedcontent-slider-content"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_17097333299609_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_inline_rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="inline_rich_text" data-hs-cos-field="content"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-23 dnd-section dnd_area-row-5-background-layers dnd_area-row-5-background-color"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-cell dnd-column" style="" data-widget-type="cell" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div class="row-fluid-wrapper row-depth-1 row-number-24 dnd-row"> <div class="row-fluid "> <div class="span12 widget-span widget-type-custom_widget dnd-module" style="" data-widget-type="custom_widget" data-x="0" data-w="12"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_16923588569935" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"><div class="cr-getstarted-items-wrapper" id="module_16923588569935"> <style> #module_16923588569935.cr-getstarted-items-wrapper { /*max-width: 1760px;*/ margin: 0 auto; } #module_16923588569935 .cr-getstarted-header { margin-bottom: 32px; display: flex; align-items: center; margin-right: 20px; } #module_16923588569935 .cr-getstarted-item { margin-right: 20px; } #module_16923588569935 .cr-getstarted-items { display: flex; flex-direction: row; } #module_16923588569935 .cr-getstarted-header h2 { letter-spacing: -2.04px; color: #0A2327; margin-right: 30px; margin-bottom: 0; font-family: Montserrat, Inter, Arial, sans-serif !important; font-weight: 600; } #module_16923588569935 .cr-getstarted-header svg { height: 50px; width: auto; } #module_16923588569935 .cr-getstarted-container.cr-gestarted-inline { display: flex; align-items: center; /*justify-content: space-between;*/ } #module_16923588569935 .cr-gestarted-inline .cr-getstarted-header, #module_16923588569935 .cr-gestarted-inline .cr-getstarted-header h2 { margin-bottom: 0px; } @media all and (max-width: 767px) { #module_16923588569935 .cr-getstarted-container.cr-gestarted-inline { display: block; } #module_16923588569935 .cr-gestarted-inline .cr-getstarted-header { margin-bottom: 20px; } #module_16923588569935 .cr-gestarted-inline .cr-getstarted-header h2 { margin-bottom: 12px; } #module_16923588569935 .cr-getstarted-header svg { height: 30px; margin-bottom: 12px; } } </style> <div class="cr-getstarted-container "> <div class="cr-getstarted-header"> <h2>Interested in learning more?</h2> </div> <div class="cr-getstarted-items"> <div class="cr-getstarted-item"> <div class="hs-web-interactive-inline" style="" data-hubspot-wrapper-cta-id="136730818150"> <a href="https://cta-service-cms2.hubspot.com/web-interactives/public/v1/track/click?encryptedPayload=AVxigLLIr4fYoPCyVRZQ1SUhUztfucvhrslwvtiNDIGQfxCrfh2nXVCY%2BdRAKRQJxMyvWFcd3lCBmn6b0%2BwLMLb6i0xooumY8PPWIkSW%2BjigK%2FKFOQw8n0rdQ51nc7aMHdq0tlUhxAsQ7Myt610rW3HAbpqOMS3PyptCPYsoibg9Eg%3D%3D&portalId=19927462" class="hs-inline-web-interactive-136730818150 hs-button " data-hubspot-cta-id="136730818150"> Contact us </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="breadcrumb" value=""> </main> <div data-global-resource-path="sf2-crate/templates/partials/footer-landify.html"> <footer class="footer" id="cr-footer"> <div class="footer-overlay-color" style="background-color: transparent;"> <div class="footer__container content-wrapper footer_firstrow"> <div class="row-fluid"> <div class="span12"> <div class="row-fluid footer-widget"> <div class="span3 footer-widget-content"> <div class="footer_logo"> <img src="https://cratedb.com/hubfs/19927462/CrateDB-logo-blue-white.svg" class="hs-image-widget" loading="lazy" style="width:154px;border-width:0px;border:0px;" alt="CrateDB Logo" title="White CrateDB Logo" width="154" height="22"> </div> <div class="footer__social"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_footer_social" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"><style> .social-links { -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; -webkit-box-pack: center; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; } .social-links__icon { background-color: #494A52; border-radius: 50%; display: -webkit-inline-box; display: -ms-inline-flexbox; display: inline-flex; height: 40px; margin: 0 5px; position: relative; width: 40px; } .social-links__icon:hover, .social-links__icon:focus { background-color: #21222A; } .social-links__icon:active { background-color: #71727A; } .social-links__icon svg { fill: #FFF; height: 15px; left: 50%; position: absolute; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); -ms-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); width: auto; } .social-links__icon:hover svg, .social-links__icon:focus svg, .social-links__icon:active svg { fill: #FFF; } /* Overrides 2021 -j */ .social-links__icon { height: 25px; width: 25px; margin: 0 8px; } </style> <div class="social-links"> <a class="social-links__link nav-link" href="https://twitter.com/cratedb" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span id="hs_cos_wrapper_footer_social_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_icon social-links__icon" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="icon"><svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 512 512" aria-labelledby="X Twitter1" role="img"><title id="X Twitter1">Follow us on Twitter</title><g id="X Twitter1_layer"><path d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8L200.7 275.5 26.8 48H172.4L272.9 180.9 389.2 48zM364.4 421.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42L364.4 421.8z" /></g></svg></span> <span class="injected hidden">Follow us on Twitter</span> </a> <a class="social-links__link nav-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/crateio/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span id="hs_cos_wrapper_footer_social__2" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_icon social-links__icon" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="icon"><svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 448 512" aria-labelledby="LinkedIn In2" role="img"><title id="LinkedIn In2">Follow us on GitHub</title><g id="LinkedIn In2_layer"><path d="M100.28 448H7.4V148.9h92.88zM53.79 108.1C24.09 108.1 0 83.5 0 53.8a53.79 53.79 0 0 1 107.58 0c0 29.7-24.1 54.3-53.79 54.3zM447.9 448h-92.68V302.4c0-34.7-.7-79.2-48.29-79.2-48.29 0-55.69 37.7-55.69 76.7V448h-92.78V148.9h89.08v40.8h1.3c12.4-23.5 42.69-48.3 87.88-48.3 94 0 111.28 61.9 111.28 142.3V448z" /></g></svg></span> <span class="injected hidden">Follow us on GitHub</span> </a> <a class="social-links__link nav-link" href="https://www.youtube.com/@CrateDB" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span id="hs_cos_wrapper_footer_social__3" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_icon social-links__icon" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="icon"><svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 576 512" aria-labelledby="YouTube3" role="img"><title id="YouTube3">Follow us on YouTube</title><g id="YouTube3_layer"><path d="M549.655 124.083c-6.281-23.65-24.787-42.276-48.284-48.597C458.781 64 288 64 288 64S117.22 64 74.629 75.486c-23.497 6.322-42.003 24.947-48.284 48.597-11.412 42.867-11.412 132.305-11.412 132.305s0 89.438 11.412 132.305c6.281 23.65 24.787 41.5 48.284 47.821C117.22 448 288 448 288 448s170.78 0 213.371-11.486c23.497-6.321 42.003-24.171 48.284-47.821 11.412-42.867 11.412-132.305 11.412-132.305s0-89.438-11.412-132.305zm-317.51 213.508V175.185l142.739 81.205-142.739 81.201z" /></g></svg></span> <span class="injected hidden">Follow us on YouTube</span> </a> <a class="social-links__link nav-link" href="https://github.com/crate/crate" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span id="hs_cos_wrapper_footer_social__4" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_icon social-links__icon" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="icon"><svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 496 512" aria-labelledby="GitHub4" role="img"><title id="GitHub4">Follow us on GitHub</title><g id="GitHub4_layer"><path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z" /></g></svg></span> <span class="injected hidden">Follow us on GitHub</span> </a> </div></div> </div> </div> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_16142721378942" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"> <div class="span3 footer-widget-content"> <h3 class="footer-menu-title"> Company </h3> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_16142721378942_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_inline_rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="inline_rich_text" data-hs-cos-field="footer_menu_1.footer_menu"><ul> <li><a class="nav-link" href="https://cratedb.com/company/leadership" rel="noopener">Leadership</a></li> <li><a class="nav-link" href="https://cratedb.com/company/team" rel="noopener">Team</a></li> <li><a class="nav-link" href="https://cratedb.com/company/investors" rel="noopener">Investors</a></li> <li><a class="nav-link" href="https://cratedb.com/company/career" rel="noopener">Career</a></li> <li><a class="nav-link" href="https://cratedb.com/event" rel="noopener">Events</a></li> <li><a class="nav-link" href="https://cratedb.com/press" rel="noopener">Newsroom</a></li> <li><a class="nav-link" href="https://cratedb.com/company/media-kit" rel="noopener">Media kit</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="span3 footer-widget-content"> <h3 class="footer-menu-title"> Ecosystem </h3> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_16142721378942_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_inline_rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="inline_rich_text" data-hs-cos-field="footer_menu_2.footer_menu"><ul> <li><a class="nav-link" href="https://cratedb.com/partners" rel="noopener">Partners</a></li> <li><a class="nav-link" href="https://cratedb.com/product/editions/startups" rel="noopener">Startups</a></li> <li><a class="nav-link" href="https://cratedb.com/integrations" rel="noopener">Integrations</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="span3 footer-widget-content"> <h3 class="footer-menu-title"> Contact </h3> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_16142721378942_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_inline_rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="inline_rich_text" data-hs-cos-field="footer_menu_3.footer_menu"><ul> <li><a class="nav-link" href="https://cratedb.com/contact" rel="noopener">Contact us</a></li> <li><a class="nav-link" href="https://cratedb.com/contact/offices" rel="noopener">Offices</a></li> <li><a class="nav-link" href="https://cratedb.com/database/security#contact" rel="noopener">Security</a></li> <li><a class="nav-link" href="https://cratedb.com/support" rel="noopener">Support</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-second-row-overlay" style="background-color: transparent;"> <div class="footer__container content-wrapper footer_copyright"> <div class="footer__copyright"> <div id="hs_cos_wrapper_footer_copyright_text" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module widget-type-text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"><span id="hs_cos_wrapper_footer_copyright_text_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="text">© 2024 CrateDB. All rights reserved.</span></div> </div> <div class="hs_cos_wrapper_widget"> <ul> <li> | </li> <li><a href="/legal" class="nav-link">Legal</a> | </li> <li><a href="/legal/privacy-policy" class="nav-link">Privacy Policy</a> | </li> <li><a href="/legal/imprint" class="nav-link">Imprint</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div>  <script defer src="/hs/hsstatic/content-cwv-embed/static-1.1293/embed.js"></script> <script src="https://cratedb.com/hs-fs/hub/19927462/hub_generated/template_assets/52694035002/1710167292109/sf2-crate/js/main.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cratedb.com/hs-fs/hub/19927462/hub_generated/template_assets/103135878028/1676853638526/sf2-crate/js/prism-core.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cratedb.com/hs-fs/hub/19927462/hub_generated/template_assets/103135878026/1676853638465/sf2-crate/js/prism-autoloader.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cratedb.com/hs-fs/hub/19927462/hub_generated/template_assets/53645044755/1688038947921/sf2-crate/js/prism.min.js"></script> <script> var hsVars = hsVars || {}; hsVars['language'] = 'en'; </script> <script src="/hs/hsstatic/cos-i18n/static-1.53/bundles/project.js"></script> <script src="https://cratedb.com/hs-fs/hub/19927462/hub_generated/module_assets/52694764069/1701097527096/module_52694764069_menu-section.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hub/-1/hub_generated/module_assets/-35056501883/1732641105613/module_-35056501883_Video.min.js"></script>  <script defer src="https://js.hubspot.com/web-interactives-embed.js" type="text/javascript" id="hubspot-web-interactives-loader" data-loader="hs-previewer" data-hsjs-portal="19927462" data-hsjs-env="prod" data-hsjs-hublet="na1"></script>  <script src="https://cratedb.com/hs-fs/hub/19927462/hub_generated/module_assets/53152974980/1676852664722/module_53152974980_advanced-section-css.min.js"></script>  <script type="text/javascript"> var _hsq = _hsq || []; _hsq.push(["setContentType", "standard-page"]); _hsq.push(["setCanonicalUrl", "https:\/\/cratedb.com\/product\/features\/indexing-columnar-storage-aggregations"]); _hsq.push(["setPageId", "130761689120"]); _hsq.push(["setContentMetadata", { "contentPageId": 130761689120, "legacyPageId": "130761689120", "contentFolderId": null, "contentGroupId": null, "abTestId": null, "languageVariantId": 130761689120, "languageCode": "en", }]); </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="hs-script-loader" async defer src="/hs/scriptloader/19927462.js"></script>  <script type="text/javascript"> var hsVars = { render_id: "511877e1-838a-40e1-b98e-10e6fa83ae4b", ticks: 1732700645304, page_id: 130761689120, content_group_id: 0, portal_id: 19927462, app_hs_base_url: "https://app.hubspot.com", cp_hs_base_url: "https://cp.hubspot.com", language: "en", analytics_page_type: "standard-page", scp_content_type: "", analytics_page_id: "130761689120", category_id: 1, folder_id: 0, is_hubspot_user: false } </script> <script defer src="/hs/hsstatic/HubspotToolsMenu/static-1.354/js/index.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // Log the analytics category consent status of the current visitor to the console var _hsp = window._hsp = window._hsp || []; // analytics _hsp.push(['addPrivacyConsentListener', function(consent) { if (consent.categories.analytics == true) { //console.log("analytics cookies enabled"); /* clarity */ (function(c,l,a,r,i,t,y){ c[a]=c[a]||function(){(c[a].q=c[a].q||[]).push(arguments)}; t=l.createElement(r);t.async=1;t.src="https://www.clarity.ms/tag/"+i; y=l.getElementsByTagName(r)[0];y.parentNode.insertBefore(t,y); })(window, document, "clarity", "script", "dyojgmowl8"); } }]); // advertisement _hsp.push(['addPrivacyConsentListener', function(consent) { if (consent.categories.advertisement == true) { //console.log("advertisement cookies enabled"); //Google Tag Manager set ad_storage window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} // Update Tagmanager to grant consent for Ads trigger gtag('consent', 'update', { 'ad_user_data': 'granted', 'ad_personalization': 'granted', 'ad_storage': 'granted', 'analytics_storage': 'granted' }); //End Google Tag Manager } }]); // functionality _hsp.push(['addPrivacyConsentListener', function(consent) { if (consent.categories.functionality == true) { //console.log("functionality cookies enabled"); } }]); </script> </body></html>

CINXE.COM

Indexing, Columnar Storage, and Aggregations