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This page is a translation of the page <a href="/wiki/Commons:File_naming" title="Commons:File naming">Commons:File naming</a> and the translation can be updated using <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Commons%3AFile+naming&action=page&filter=&language=zh">the translation tool</a>.</li><li class="mw-permissionerror-globalblocking-blockedtext-range"><b>Your IP address is in a range that has been <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks">blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis</a>.</b> The block was made by <a href="/wiki/User:Jon_Kolbert" title="User:Jon Kolbert">‪Jon Kolbert‬</a>. 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Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</li></ul><hr /> <p>You can view and copy the source of this page. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="zh" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{shortcut|COM:FN}} <languages /> {{Guideline}} {{Nutshell|1=<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">File names should ideally be descriptive, clear, appropriate and concise. However, old files do not need to be renamed to fit this guideline exactly, due to the costs of renaming files.</span>}} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> 上传至维基共享资源的文件应当有恰当的名字。本文列出一些需要考虑的一些事项： </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Purpose of file names == </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Names are used to uniquely identify the item involved. Names should be </div> * 有描述性，根据图像的显示或描绘的内容所做出的选择 * 准确，尤其是在使用学名、专有名词、日期等时 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Contributors categorizing files frequently have different demands from those who create, process, manage and upload them. Unless there is a compelling reason not to, the uploader's choice of name should be honored. This is a courtesy, not an absolute right, however. If a name is disruptive or inappropriate, a different name may be chosen.<ref>[[Special:MyLanguage/Commons:File renaming|Commons:File renaming]]</ref> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Naming conventions == </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Media files can be uploaded with names in any language in any script (coded as [[:en:UTF-8|UTF-8]]) - see [[Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Language policy|Commons:Language policy]]. The [[:en:Filename extension|filename extension]] (e.g., .jpg) should match the [[:en:File format|file format]] (e.g., [[:en:JPEG|JPEG]]), and not be doubled (e.g., ''.jpg.jpg'' or ''.tiff.jpg''). The filename should clearly describe what the file contains, but it should be reasonably concise. Whether a filename is perceived to be suitable often depends on the familiarity of the individual with the subject. It also occurs that ''items are known under different terms to different contributors'' or they ''believe'' entities are primarily well-known under the term they are used with to describe this entity, neglecting ''cultural differences'', even within countries. Therefore, it is likely that no single name will completely satisfy all contributors. The following lists various characteristics of a good file name. These should be seen as goals, not as rules written in stone. Generally speaking, stable filenames are more important than perfect filenames, and missing a few of these goals is not justification for moving the file. But when in doubt, aim for a stable more generic name.<ref>[[Commons:Requests for comment/File renaming criterion 2]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Blocking policy#Use|Commons:Blocking policy]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Project scope#Examples|Commons:Project scope#Examples]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Revision deletion#When Revision Deletion may be used|Commons:Revision deletion]]</ref> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> === Descriptive === </div> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''Meaningful''' – Names should not consist entirely of auto-generated letters and numbers, such as "DSC123456.jpg". Commons uses the [[MediaWiki:Filename-prefix-blacklist|Filename prefix blacklist]] and the [[MediaWiki:Titleblacklist|Titleblacklist]] to enforce this policy.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''Content-based''' – Prioritize describing the subject matter over indicating its origin. Do not use names that solely consist of dates, the name of the photographer or rights holder, terms like “Flickr”, “original”, “crop”, and/or catalogue numbers. For example, [[:File:20110428 OH K1023900 0014.JPG - Flickr - NZ Defence Force.jpg]] does not describe its subject matter at all despite its length. However, it is acceptable to include such information within the name so long as the name remains reasonably brief and also contains a description of the subject matter. Remember that details like photographer name and source information can alternatively be included in the file's metadata or description. Situations where the subject is identified with a date, such as the book ''1984'', are exceptions to this criterion.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''Specific''' – For images of places, the name should describe a specific location with phrasing that aids in figuring out where the image was taken if it is known by the uploader and what the image depicts, such as ''Colcester Zoo'', ''18 Rue Norvins'', or ''Anime Expo 2022''. The name should not consist primarily of a broad location, such as [[:File:Paris 319.jpg]], ''Ontario hill'', or ''Japan train station'', where the location is so large that only someone who knows the area very well can identify the image. Similarly, unless the file is an icon, clip art, or other illustration where a broad category is most descriptive of the subject, the name should not consist primarily of a generic or broad category such as a word like "smartphone", "screenshot", "queen" or "bird", but rather impart detailed information that would help someone identify the specific object depicted, such as "Nokia N8 Blue (Front)".</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''Precise''' – The name should unambiguously identify the file's subject, and distinguish it from other similar subjects. For example, [[:File:Michaeljackson.jpg]] should have included some information to distinguish itself from files in [[:Category:Michael Jackson]]. For distinguishing places, refer to our sister project [[wikivoyage:Wikivoyage:Naming conventions#Disambiguation|Wikivoyage:Naming conventions § Disambiguation]].</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''Correct''' – The name should describe the file's content and convey what the subject is actually called. Inaccurate names for the file subject, although they may be common, should be avoided. The title given to a work of art by the artist that created it is considered appropriate, even if the name has nothing to do with what is depicted (for example, many works of [[:en:Dadaism|Dadaism]]). The name should also be free of obvious errors, such as misspelled [[:en:Noun#Proper nouns and common nouns|proper nouns]], incorrect dates, and misidentified objects or organisms. Users are allowed to upload "unidentified" or "unknown" organisms but such files may be renamed upon identification.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''Time''' – Include the year or date a photo was taken</span> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> === Clear === </div> * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">文件名称最长可以有240个字节<ref>2011年之前，限制是255个字节——参见[[phab:T32202|Phabricator: T32202]]。已有的文件名可能长达255个字节，但是新上传的文件限制为240个字节。</ref>，超过240年字节的文件名会在上传新版本时出现明显错误（因为对于旧版本文件，会在文件名前加上日期，长达15个字符）。英文文件名通常是1个字符1个字节（有些字符可能会在[[:zh:ASCII|ASCII]]字符集外），但是对于其他语言，或者使用非ASCII字符的情况，240个字节可能比240个字符少得多，因为一个字符可能占用长达4个字节。</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''Spelled out''' – Abbreviations, acronyms, and a person's initials are often ambiguous and thus should be spelled out. Although such initialisms are related to the subject of the file, the meaning is not immediately clear to the reader. Spelling out a subject's full name also aids significantly in searching. For purposes of concision, it is allowed to use well-known acronyms and initialisms such as NATO, so long as other parts of the name provide sufficient information to identify the subject, or to use abbreviations for the image source.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''Recognizable''' – As many as possible should be able to understand the name, whether they are an expert, someone familiar with the subject area, or someone on the street.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''Intuitive''' – Names should anticipate what users are likely to type when looking or searching for the subject. Significant keywords not present in the name should be included in the description or metadata.</span> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> === Practical considerations === </div> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''Unique''' – By the design of Commons's software, no two files can have the same name. To prevent collisions, it is encouraged to add [[:w:Password strength|strong]]ly distinguishing information such as a source, date, or catalogue identifier, although it is not always necessary.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''Appropriate''' – Names should be neither vulgar (unless unavoidable) nor pedantic. Names apparently created for the purpose of vandalism, attack, or provocation, such as libelous, insulting, degrading, crude, or offensive descriptions, names containing inappropriate or non-public personal information, or names that are blatant advertising or self-promotion, will be removed immediately. For example, an image of a person with the name "File:1BIGGest_nOSE_everS33n.JPG" is unlikely to remain. Names that are or have been associated with nationalistic, religious or racist causes are allowed provided they are legal to host and otherwise fall within Commons scope, for example a filename like "File:Taiwanese Tiaoyutai islands map.png".</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''Neutral''' – Refer to [[Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Project_scope/Neutral_point_of_view|Commons:Project scope/Neutral point of view]]</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">There is no obligation to use a specific '''language''' for new uploads, even if other files in a subject area use that language. Any relevant spelling variation may be used.</span> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> === Tie-breaking criteria === </div> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''Common''' – When considering different names for a subject, names that are more commonly used (as determined by prevalence in reliable sources) are preferred. Search engines, international organizations, media outlets, encyclopedias, databases, scientific bodies, and scientific journals may be consulted to identify the most common name(s). For places, the name should be the most commonly-used name in the local language.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''Consistent''' – The name should be consistent with the pattern of similar files' names. Many naming conventions exist, and sometimes conflict with other criteria; there is currently no standard set of conventions. The costs and benefits should be weighed when considering any specific convention.</span> ** <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">For batch uploads, use a consistent filename template based on what data is available. Sample templates include <code>{title} ({source})</code>, <code>{title} - {source} {id}</code>, and <code>{brief_description}, {year}</code>.</span> ** <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Files that form parts of a whole (such as scans from the same book or large images that are divided into smaller portions due to Commons’ upload size restriction) should follow the same naming convention so that they appear together, in order, in categories and lists.</span> ** <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Certain complex templates (such as those that use BSicons or that display football kits) assume that the images used in them will follow a specific naming convention. [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] also uses a specific naming convention for the source files they transcribe.</span> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Language-specific guidelines == </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> These guidelines apply to names in English. Speakers of other languages may define guidelines for their language in the relevant translations. </div> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The preferred name style is sentence case (downstyle) with initial capitalization and without ending punctuation, e.g. "Smoky sunset in Taiwan", as it is more readable and contains the most information. Other conventions such as title case may make sense in the context of batch uploads, as it is difficult to infer sentence case from all caps.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Articles (a, an, the) can often be removed without changing the meaning.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Names are not full sentences, but small bits of information. In most cases, the proper length is between two and twelve words. One-word names are almost always too ambiguous, and should be avoided. If the name is 20 words it is probably too long, and if it is 30 or more, it is almost definitely too long. English filenames will usually use 1 byte per character (some symbols may fall outside the [[:en:ASCII|ASCII]] character set), allowing 240 characters or approximately 50 words as the hard maximum. For non-ASCII characters, 240 bytes may be much less than 240 characters, as these can take up to 4 bytes per character.<ref name="b_30202">[[Phabricator: T32202]]</ref></span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Names should not go out-of-date. Avoid words and phrases like "current", "incumbent", "expected", "recently", "soon", or "next year", preferring more precise language such as "in 1969" or "fifth president".</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Avoid abusing Unicode. Control characters can be omitted, strange punctuation can be replaced with standard quotes and commas, and symbols such as "♥" are often more natural when spelled out ("heart"), also increasing visibility in search. Furthermore some characters do not render correctly at all in certain operating systems and browsers. 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