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Naveed Aslam</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Muhammad Naveed Aslam"> <meta name="keywords" content="Muhammad Naveed Aslam"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Muhammad Naveed Aslam"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1390</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Muhammad Naveed Aslam</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1390</span> Pakis and Whites: A Critical View of Nadeem Aslam’s Treatment of Racism in “Maps for Lost Lovers”</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Humaira%20Tariq">Humaira Tariq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An issue faced by a majority of immigrants, especially coming from the third world countries, is that of racism. The natives find it very hard to accept people of another race, origin and background amongst them. History is replete with incidents where immigrants have paid a heavy price for being the odd ones out. Being an integral part of the immigrant experience, this issue of racism, is an important theme in most of diaspora related fiction. The present paper will endeavor to expose and explore Nadeem Aslam’s handling of this theme in his novel, 'Maps for Lost Lovers'. The researcher has found Aslam to take an objective stance on this issue, as he shows that where the West is unwilling to accept the immigrants in their midst, there, majority of the immigrants, are also responsible for alienating themselves in the new environment. He shows a kind of persecution mania haunting the immigrants from the third world countries where they feel the condition for being much worse than it actually is. The paper presents a critical view of the handling of racism in Aslam’s novel where he is found to criticize not only the English for their mistreatment of Pakistani immigrants, but is also disapproving of the judgmental attitude of the immigrants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=english" title="english">english</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immigrants" title=" immigrants"> immigrants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natives" title=" natives"> natives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pakistani" title=" pakistani"> pakistani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racism" title=" racism"> racism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31360/pakis-and-whites-a-critical-view-of-nadeem-aslams-treatment-of-racism-in-maps-for-lost-lovers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31360.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1389</span> Bacillus thuringiensis CHGP12 Uses a Multifaceted Strategy to Suppress Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea and to Enhance the Total Biomass of Chickpea Plants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naveed%20Aslam">Muhammad Naveed Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rida%20Fatima"> Rida Fatima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anam%20Moosa"> Anam Moosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Taimoor%20Shakeel"> Muhammad Taimoor Shakeel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bacillus strains produce antifungal secondary metabolites making them potential candidates for suppressing Fusarium wilt of chickpea disease. In this study, eighteen Bacillus strains were evaluated for their antagonistic effect against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris causing Fusarium wilt of chickpea disease. In a direct antifungal assay, thirteen strains showed significant inhibition zones while the remaining five strains did not produce inhibition zones of FOC. Bacillus thuringiensis CHGP12 was the most promising strain exhibiting the highest inhibition of FOC. Antifungal lipopeptides were extracted from CHGP12 strain which showed significant inhibition of the pathogen. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) analysis revealed that CHGP12 was positive for the presence of iturin, fengycin, surfactin, bacillaene, bacillibactin, plantazolicin, and bacilysin. CHGP12 was tested for biochemical determinants in an in vitro qualitative test where it showed the ability to produce lipase, amylase, cellulase, protease, siderophores, and indole 3-acetic acid (IAA). Furthermore, in a greenhouse experiment CHGP12 also showed a significant decrease in the disease severity in treated plants compared to control. Moreover, CHGP12 also exhibited a significant increase in plant growth parameters viz, root and shoot growth parameters, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis rate. Conclusively, our findings present the promising potential of Bacillus strain CHGP12 to suppress Fusarium wilt of chickpea and to promote plant growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20chromatography%20mass%20spectrometry" title="liquid chromatography mass spectrometry">liquid chromatography mass spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20promotion" title=" growth promotion"> growth promotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antagonism" title=" antagonism"> antagonism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrolytic%20enzymes" title=" hydrolytic enzymes"> hydrolytic enzymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibition" title=" inhibition"> inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipopeptides." title=" lipopeptides."> lipopeptides.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158702/bacillus-thuringiensis-chgp12-uses-a-multifaceted-strategy-to-suppress-fusarium-wilt-of-chickpea-and-to-enhance-the-total-biomass-of-chickpea-plants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1388</span> Varietal Screening of Advance Wheat Genotypes against Wheat Aphids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zunnu%20Raen%20Akhtar">Zunnu Raen Akhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haseeb%20Jan"> Haseeb Jan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Latif"> Muhammad Latif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Aziz"> Ali Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akash"> Ali Akash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Afzal%0D%0ANaveed"> Waleed Afzal Naveed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naveed%20Akhtar"> Muhammad Naveed Akhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wheat (Triticum aestivium) is main staple food crop of Pakistan. This crop is highly infested with aphids which cause the loss of yield. A study was carried out at Entomological Research Institute of Ayub Agriculture Research Institute Faisalabad during 2015-16. Eleven wheat genotypes (FSD- 08, v-11098, NIBGE gandum-3, shafaq 2006, v-13372, Punjab-2011, v-12304, 11C023, v-13005, v-13016, v-12120) were sown using the Randomized Complete Block Design in the research area of Entomological Research Institute Faisalabad during the year 2015-16. The aphid infestation per tiller on each genotype was observed from the first week of January till the third week of March maximum. The results reveal that shafaq 2006 and V-12120 were found more susceptible with 10.22 and 9.90 aphids per tiller and minimum infestation was observed on the Punjab-2011 and 11C023 i.e., 5.72 and 5.99 aphid per tiller respectively. When the peak season observations were analyzed, slight changes occur in the peak population of aphid among all wheat genotypes. The most susceptible genotypes were Shafaq 2006 and V-12304 with 18.63 and 18.23 aphids per tiller while the wheat genotypes 11C023 and Punjab 2011 received minimum aphid population which was 9.99 and 10.47 aphids per tiller and they considered more tolerant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Triticum%20aestivium" title="Triticum aestivium">Triticum aestivium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schizaphis%20graminum" title=" Schizaphis graminum"> Schizaphis graminum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population" title=" population"> population</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75583/varietal-screening-of-advance-wheat-genotypes-against-wheat-aphids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1387</span> Assesment of Trapping Efficiency of Slow Released Formulations of Methyl Euginol with Carnauba Wax against Bactrocera zonata</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Afzal%20Naveed">Waleed Afzal Naveed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammd%20Dildar%20Gogi"> Muhammd Dildar Gogi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sufian"> Muhammad Sufian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Junaid%20Nisar"> Muhammad Junaid Nisar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubashir%20Iqbal"> Mubashir Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Muhammad%20Waqas%20Amjad"> Hafiz Muhammad Waqas Amjad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Hamza%20Khaliq"> Muhammad Hamza Khaliq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Present study was carried out to evaluate the performance of Slow-Released Formulations (SRF) of methyl eugenol with Carnauba wax in orchard of University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan against fruit flies. Carnauba wax was mixed with methyl eugenol in nine ratios (10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20 and 90:10). The results revealed that SRFCN-9 trapped 35.3 flies/day/trap, exhibited an attractancy index (AI) of 50.35%, proved strongly attractive SRFCN for B. zonata and was categorized as Class-III slow-released formulation (Attractive Index > 50%). The SRFCN-1, SRFCN-2, SRFCN-3, SRFCN-4, SRFCN-5, SRFCN-6, SRFCN-7 and SRFCN-8 trapped 2.0, 5.3, 3.3, 4.0, 5.7, 12.0, 9.7 and 14.3 flies/day/trap respectively exhibited an attractancy index (AI) of -70.73%, -37.25%, -55.55%, -48.93%, -34.61%, 1.40%, -9.37% and 10.25% Attractive Index respectively, proved little or non attractive slow-released formulation and was categorized as Class-I slow-released formulation for B. zonata (Attractive Index < 11%). Results revealed that the Slow-Released Formulation containing 10% Carnauba wax with 90% methyl eugenol trapped maximum number of flies of over 30 days. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow-released%20formulation" title="slow-released formulation">slow-released formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bactrocera%20zonata" title=" Bactrocera zonata"> Bactrocera zonata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carnauba%20wax" title=" Carnauba wax"> Carnauba wax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyl%20euginol" title=" methyl euginol"> methyl euginol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97337/assesment-of-trapping-efficiency-of-slow-released-formulations-of-methyl-euginol-with-carnauba-wax-against-bactrocera-zonata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1386</span> Developing Variable Repetitive Group Sampling Control Chart Using Regression Estimator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liaquat%20Ahmad">Liaquat Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Aslam"> Muhammad Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Azam"> Muhammad Azam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, we propose a control chart based on repetitive group sampling scheme for the location parameter. This charting scheme is based on the regression estimator; an estimator that capitalize the relationship between the variables of interest to provide more sensitive control than the commonly used individual variables. The control limit coefficients have been estimated for different sample sizes for less and highly correlated variables. The monitoring of the production process is constructed by adopting the procedure of the Shewhart’s x-bar control chart. Its performance is verified by the average run length calculations when the shift occurs in the average value of the estimator. It has been observed that the less correlated variables have rapid false alarm rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20run%20length" title="average run length">average run length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20charts" title=" control charts"> control charts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20shift" title=" process shift"> process shift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression%20estimators" title=" regression estimators"> regression estimators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repetitive%20group%20sampling" title=" repetitive group sampling"> repetitive group sampling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13539/developing-variable-repetitive-group-sampling-control-chart-using-regression-estimator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">566</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1385</span> Evaluation of Trapping Efficiency of Slow Released Formulations of Methyl Eugenol with Lanolin Wax against Bactrocera zonata</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Afzal%20Naveed">Waleed Afzal Naveed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammd%20Dildar%20Gogi"> Muhammd Dildar Gogi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sufian"> Muhammad Sufian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Amjad%20Ali"> Muhammad Amjad Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Junaid%20Nisar"> Muhammad Junaid Nisar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubashar%20Iqbal"> Mubashar Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amna%20Jalal"> Amna Jalal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisal%20Munir"> Faisal Munir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was carried out to evaluate the performance of Slow-Released Formulations (SRF) of Methyl eugenol with Lanolin wax in orchard of the University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan against fruit flies. Lanolin wax was mixed with methyl eugenol in nine ratios (10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20 and 90:10). The results revealed that SRFₗₗ-7 trapped 42.1 flies /day/trap, exhibited an attractancy index (AI) of 51.71%, proved strongly attractive SRFₗₗ for B. zonata and was categorized as Class-III slow-released formulation (AI > 50%). The SRFₗₗ-2, SRFₗₗ-3, SRFₗₗ-4, SRFₗₗ-5, SRFₗₗ-6, SRFₗₗ-8 and SRFₗₗ-9 trapped 17.7, 27.9, 32.3, 23.8, 28.3, 37.8 and 19.9 flies /day/trap, exhibited an attractancy index (AI) of 20.54%, 41.02%, 26.00%, 34.15%, 43.50%, 49.86% and 46.07% AI respectively, proved moderately attractive slow-released formulations for B. zonata and were categorized as Class-II slow-released formulations (AI = 11-50%). However, SRFₗₗ-1 trapped 14.8 flies /day/trap, exhibited 0.71% AI proved little or nonattractive slow-released formulation and was categorized as Class-I slow-released formulation for B. zonata (AI < 11%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bactrocera%20zonata" title="Bactrocera zonata">Bactrocera zonata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow-released%20formulation" title=" slow-released formulation"> slow-released formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lenoline%20wax" title=" lenoline wax"> lenoline wax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyl%20euginol" title=" methyl euginol"> methyl euginol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97291/evaluation-of-trapping-efficiency-of-slow-released-formulations-of-methyl-eugenol-with-lanolin-wax-against-bactrocera-zonata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1384</span> Physiological and Biochemical Based Analysis to Assess the Efficacy of Mulch under Partial Root Zone Drying in Wheat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salman%20Ahmad">Salman Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Aown%20Sammar%20Raza"> Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Farrukh%20Saleem"> Muhammad Farrukh Saleem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashid%20Iqbal"> Rashid Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Saqlain%20Zaheer"> Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Usman%20Aslam"> Muhammad Usman Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Haider"> Imran Haider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Adnan%20Nazar"> Muhammad Adnan Nazar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ali"> Muhammad Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among the various abiotic stresses, drought stress is one of the most challenging for field crops. Wheat is one of the major staple food of the world, which is highly affected by water deficit stress in the current scenario of climate change. In order to ensure food security by depleting water resources, there is an urgent need to adopt technologies which result in sufficient crop yield with less water consumption. Mulching and partial rootzone drying (PRD) are two important management techniques used for water conservation and to mitigate the negative impacts of drought. The experiment was conducted to screen out the best-suited mulch for wheat under PRD system. Two water application techniques (I1= full irrigation I2= PRD irrigation) and four mulch treatments (M0= un-mulched, M1= black plastic mulch, M2= wheat straw mulch and M4= cotton sticks mulch) were conducted in completely randomized design with four replications. The treatment, black plastic mulch was performed the best than other mulch treatments. For irrigation levels, higher values of growth, physiological and water-related parameters were recorded in control treatment while, quality traits and enzymatic activities were higher under partial root zone drying. The current study concluded that adverse effects of drought on wheat can be significantly mitigated by using mulches but black plastic mulch was best suited for partial rootzone drying irrigation system in wheat. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidants" title="antioxidants">antioxidants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20water%20relations" title=" leaf water relations"> leaf water relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mulches" title=" Mulches"> Mulches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osmolytes" title=" osmolytes"> osmolytes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20root%20zone%20drying" title=" partial root zone drying"> partial root zone drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photosynthesis" title=" photosynthesis"> photosynthesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97612/physiological-and-biochemical-based-analysis-to-assess-the-efficacy-of-mulch-under-partial-root-zone-drying-in-wheat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97612.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1383</span> Extraction of Inulin from Cichorium Intybus and Its Application as Fat Replacer in Yoghurt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Khuram%20Wasim%20Aslam">Hafiz Khuram Wasim Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Saeed"> Muhammad Saeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azam%20Shakeel"> Azam Shakeel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Inam%20Ur%20Raheem"> Muhammad Inam Ur Raheem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moazzam%20Rafiq%20Khan"> Moazzam Rafiq Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Atif%20Randhawa"> Muhammad Atif Randhawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inulin is significant ingredient used in food industry that functions technologically as a fat replacer often without compromising taste and texture. In this study inulin was extracted from the chicory roots and the effect of inulin addition as a fat replacer on the physiochemical, microbiological and sensory properties of non-fat yogurt was investigated. The supplementation of chicory inulin reduced the magnitude of firmness in comparison with non-inulin ¬supplemented non-fat yoghurt. Higher values of acidity were observed due to the more microbial fermentation in the inulin containing yogurt as compared to non-inulin yogurt and were in the range of 0.56 to 0.75 during storage days. Syneresis in control sample increased from 43.9% to 47.9% during the storage study. However inulin addition at different treatment enhanced syneresis from 44.5% to 47.6%. Inulin addition at various concentrations caused an increase in the TPC due to its probiotic effect. No effects of inuline addition on fat and protein contents were observed. Non-fat yoghurt supplemented with inulin demonstrated sensory behavior better than that of the control yoghurt. The most important effect of the addition of inulin to non-fat yoghurt is an increase in the sensory attributes appearance, body and texture, taste and mouth feel, overall acceptability. On an average, yoghurt supplemented with 1 to 2% inulin was better in overall acceptance as compared to control yoghurt. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inulin" title="inulin">inulin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fat%20replacer" title=" fat replacer"> fat replacer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yoghurt" title=" yoghurt"> yoghurt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensory%20evaluation" title=" sensory evaluation"> sensory evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20fat" title=" low fat"> low fat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23498/extraction-of-inulin-from-cichorium-intybus-and-its-application-as-fat-replacer-in-yoghurt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">592</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1382</span> Investigating the Significance of Ground Covers and Partial Root Zone Drying Irrigation for Water Conservation Weed Suppression and Quality Traits of Wheat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Aown%20Sammar%20Raza">Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salman%20Ahmad"> Salman Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Farrukh%20Saleem"> Muhammad Farrukh Saleem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Saqlain%20Zaheer"> Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashid%20Iqbal"> Rashid Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Haider"> Imran Haider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Usman%20Aslam"> Muhammad Usman Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Adnan%20Nazar"> Muhammad Adnan Nazar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the main negative effects of climate change is the increasing scarcity of water worldwide, especially for irrigation purpose. In order to ensure food security with less available water, there is a need to adopt easy and economic techniques. Two of the effective techniques are; use of ground covers and partial root zone drying (PRD). A field experiment was arranged to find out the most suitable mulch for PRD irrigation system in wheat. The experiment was comprised of two irrigation methods (I0 = irrigation on both sides of roots and I1= irrigation to only one side of the root as alternate irrigation) and four ground covers (M0= open ground without any cover, M1= black plastic cover, M2= wheat straw cover and M4= cotton sticks cover). More plant height, spike length, number of spikelets and number of grains were found in full irrigation treatment. While water use efficiency and grain nutrient (NPK) contents were more in PRD irrigation. All soil covers suppress the weeds and significantly influenced the yield attributes, final yield as well as the grain nutrient contents. However black plastic cover performed the best. It was concluded that joint use of both techniques was more effective for water conservation and increasing grain yield than their sole application and combination of PRD with black plastic mulch performed the best than other ground covers combination used in the experiment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20covers" title="ground covers">ground covers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20root%20zone%20drying" title=" partial root zone drying"> partial root zone drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grain%20yield" title=" grain yield"> grain yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20traits" title=" quality traits"> quality traits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WUE" title=" WUE"> WUE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weed%20control%20efficiency" title=" weed control efficiency"> weed control efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97609/investigating-the-significance-of-ground-covers-and-partial-root-zone-drying-irrigation-for-water-conservation-weed-suppression-and-quality-traits-of-wheat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1381</span> Soft Robotic Exoskeletal Glove with Single Motor-Driven Tendon-Based Differential Drive</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Naveed%20Akhter">M. Naveed Akhter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jawad%20Aslam"> Jawad Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omer%20Gillani"> Omer Gillani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To aid and rehabilitate increasing number of patients suffering from spinal cord injury (SCI) and stroke, a lightweight, wearable, and 3D printable exoskeletal glove has been developed. Unlike previously developed metal or fabric-based exoskeletons, this research presents the development of soft exoskeletal glove made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The drive mechanism consists of a single motor-driven antagonistic tendon to perform extension or flexion of middle and index finger. The tendon-based differential drive has been incorporated to allow for grasping of irregularly shaped objects. The design features easy 3D-printability with TPU without a need for supports. The overall weight of the glove and the actuation unit is approximately 500g. Performance of the glove was tested on a custom test-bench with integrated load cells, and the grip strength was tested to be around 30N per finger while grasping objects of irregular shape. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20printable" title="3D printable">3D printable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20drive" title=" differential drive"> differential drive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exoskeletal%20glove" title=" exoskeletal glove"> exoskeletal glove</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20motor%20driven" title=" single motor driven"> single motor driven</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111299/soft-robotic-exoskeletal-glove-with-single-motor-driven-tendon-based-differential-drive" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1380</span> Assessment of Attractency of Bactrocera Zonata and Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera:Tephritidae) to Different Biolure Phagostimulant-Mixtures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Dildar%20Gogi">Muhammad Dildar Gogi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Jalal%20Arif"> Muhammad Jalal Arif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Junaid%20Nisar"> Muhammad Junaid Nisar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubashir%20Iqbal"> Mubashir Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Afzal%20Naveed"> Waleed Afzal Naveed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ahsan%20Khan"> Muhammad Ahsan Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Nawaz"> Ahmad Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sufian"> Muhammad Sufian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Arshad"> Muhammad Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amna%20Jalal">Amna Jalal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fruit flies of Bactrocera genus cause heavy losses in fruits and vegetables globally and insecticide-application for their control creates issues of ecological backlash, environmental pollution, and food safety. There is need to explore alternatives and food-baits application is considered safe for the environment and effective for fruit fly management. Present experiment was carried out to assess the attractancy of five phagostimulant-Mixtures (PHS-Mix) prepared by mixing banana-squash, mulberry, protein-hydrolysate and molasses with some phagostimulant-lure sources including beef extract, fish extract, yeast, starch, rose oil, casein and cedar oil in five different ratios i.e., PHS-Mix-1 (1 part of all ingredients), PHS-Mix-2 (1 part of banana with 0.75 parts of all other ingredients), PHS-Mix-3 (1 part of banana with 0.5 parts of all other ingredients), PHS-Mix-4 (1 part of banana with 0.25 parts of all other ingredients) and PHS-Mix-5 (1 part of banana with 0.125 parts of all other ingredients). These were evaluated in comparison with a standard (GF-120). PHS-Mix-4 demonstrated 40.5±1.3-46.2±1.6% AI for satiated flies (class-II i.e., moderately attractive) and 59.5±2.0-68.6±3.0% AI for starved flies (class-III i.e., highly attractive) for both B. dorsalis and B. zonata in olfactometric study while the same exhibited 51.2±0.53% AI (class-III i.e., highly attractive) for B. zonata and 45.4±0.89% AI (class-II i.e., moderately attractive) for B. dorsalis in field study. PHS-Mix-1 proved non-attractive (class-I) and moderately attractive (class-II) phagostimulant in olfactometer and field studies, respectively. PHS-Mix-2 exhibited moderate attractiveness for starved lots in olfactometer and field-lot in field studies. PHS-Mix-5 proved non-attractive to starved and satiated lots of B. zonata and B. dorsalis females in olfactometer and field studies. Overall PHS-Mix-4 proved better phagostimulant-mixture followed by PHS-Mix-3 which was categorized as class-II (moderately attractive) phagostimulant for starved and satiated lots of female flies of both species in olfactometer and field studies; hence these can be exploited for fruit fly management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attractive%20index" title="attractive index">attractive index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20conditions" title=" field conditions"> field conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olfactometer" title=" olfactometer"> olfactometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tephritid%20flies" title=" Tephritid flies"> Tephritid flies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97306/assessment-of-attractency-of-bactrocera-zonata-and-bactrocera-dorsalis-dipteratephritidae-to-different-biolure-phagostimulant-mixtures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1379</span> Minimum Half Power Beam Width and Side Lobe Level Reduction of Linear Antenna Array Using Particle Swarm Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Ur%20Rahman">Saeed Ur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveed%20Ullah"> Naveed Ullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Irshad%20Khan"> Muhammad Irshad Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quensheng%20Cao"> Quensheng Cao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niaz%20Muhammad%20Khan"> Niaz Muhammad Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper the optimization performance of non-uniform linear antenna array is presented. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is presented to minimize Side Lobe Level (SLL) and Half Power Beamwidth (HPBW). The purpose of using the PSO algorithm is to get the optimum values for inter-element spacing and excitation amplitude of linear antenna array that provides a radiation pattern with minimum SLL and HPBW. Various design examples are considered and the obtain results using PSO are confirmed by comparing with results achieved using other nature inspired metaheuristic algorithms such as real coded genetic algorithm (RGA) and biogeography (BBO) algorithm. The comparative results show that optimization of linear antenna array using the PSO provides considerable enhancement in the SLL and HPBW. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20antenna%20array" title="linear antenna array">linear antenna array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20side%20lobe%20level" title=" minimum side lobe level"> minimum side lobe level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=narrow%20half%20power%20beamwidth" title=" narrow half power beamwidth"> narrow half power beamwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title=" particle swarm optimization"> particle swarm optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76942/minimum-half-power-beam-width-and-side-lobe-level-reduction-of-linear-antenna-array-using-particle-swarm-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">553</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1378</span> Assessment of Toxic Impact of Metals on Different Instars of Silkworm, Bombyx Mori</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Dildar%20Gogi">Muhammad Dildar Gogi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Arshad"> Muhammad Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ahsan%20Khan"> Muhammad Ahsan Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sufian"> M. Sufian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Nawaz"> Ahmad Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubashir%20Iqbal"> Mubashir Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Junaid%20Nisar"> Muhammad Junaid Nisar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Afzal%20Naveed"> Waleed Afzal Naveed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Larvae of silkworm (Bombyx mori) exhibit very high mortality when reared on mulberry leaves collected from mulberry orchards which get contaminated with metallic/nonmetallic compounds through either drift-deposition or chemigation. There is need to screen out such metallic compound for their toxicity at their various concentrations. The present study was carried out to assess toxicity of metals in different instars of silkworm. Aqueous solutions of nine heavy-metal based salts were prepared by dissolving 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 mg of each salt in one liter of water and were applied on the mulberry leaves by leaf-dip methods. The results reveal that mortality in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae caused by each heavy metal salts increased with an increase in their concentrations. The 1st instar larvae were found more susceptible to metal salts followed by 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae of silkworm. Overall, Nickel chloride proved more toxic for all larval instar as it demonstrated approximately 40-99% mortality. On the basis of LC2 and larval mortality, the order of toxicity of heavy metals against all five larval instar was Nickel chloride (LC₂ = 1.9-13.9 mg/L; & 15.0±1.2-69.2±1.7% mortality) followed by Chromium nitrate (LC₂ = 3.3-14.8 mg/L; & 13.3±1.4-62.4±2.8% mortality), Cobalt nitrate (LC₂ = 4.3-30.9; &11.4±0.07-54.9±2.0% mortality), Lead acetate (LC₂ =8.8-53.3 mg/L; & 9.5±1.3-46.4±2.9% mortality), Aluminum sulfate (LC₂ = 15.5-76.6 mg/L; & 8.4±0.08-42.1±2.8% mortality), Barium sulfide (LC₂ = 20.9-105.9; & 7.7±1.1-39.2±2.5% mortality), Copper sulfate (LC2 = 28.5-12.4 mg/L; & 7.3±0.06-37.1±2.4% mortality), Manganese chloride (LC₂ = 29.9-136.9 mg/L; & 6.8±0.09-35.3±1.6% mortality) and Zinc nitrate (LC₂ = 36.3-15 mg/L; & 6.2±1.2-32.1±1.9% mortality). Zinc nitrate @ 50 and 100 mg/L, Barium sulfide @ 50 mg/L, Manganese chloride @ 50 and 100 mg/L and Copper sulfate @ 50 mg/L proved safe for 5th instar larvae as these interaction attributed no mortality. All the heavy metal salts at a concentration of 50 mg/L demonstrated less than 10% mortality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy-metals" title="heavy-metals">heavy-metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=larval-instars" title=" larval-instars"> larval-instars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lethal-concentration" title=" lethal-concentration"> lethal-concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortality" title=" mortality"> mortality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silkworm" title=" silkworm"> silkworm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97315/assessment-of-toxic-impact-of-metals-on-different-instars-of-silkworm-bombyx-mori" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1377</span> Acetic Acid Assisted Phytoextraction of Chromium (Cr) by Energy Crop (Arundo donax L.) in Cr Contaminated Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Muhammad%20Tauqeer"> Hafiz Muhammad Tauqeer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamza%20Rafaqat"> Hamza Rafaqat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naveed"> Muhammad Naveed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Awais%20Irshad"> Muhammad Awais Irshad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil pollution with chromium (Cr) has become one of the most important concerns due to its toxicity for humans. To date, various remediation approaches have been employed for the remediation and management of Cr contaminated soils. Phytoextraction is an eco-friendly and emerging remediation approach which has gained attention due to several advantages over conventional remediation approach. The use of energy crops for phytoremediation is an emerging trend worldwide. These energy crops have high tolerance against various environmental stresses, the potential to grow in diverse ecosystems and high biomass production make them a suitable candidate for phytoremediation of contaminated soils. The removal efficiency of plants in phytoextraction depends upon several soil and plant factors including solubility, bioavailability and metal speciation in soils. A pot scale experiment was conducted to evaluate the phytoextraction potential of Arundo donax L. with the application of acetic acid (A.A) in Cr contaminated soils. Plants were grown in pots filled with 5 kg soils for 90 days. After 30 days plants acclimatization in pot conditions, plants were treated with various levels of Cr (2.5 mM, 5 mM, 7.5 mM, 10 mM) and A.A (Cr 2.5 mM + A.A 2.5 mM, Cr 5 mM + A.A 2.5 mM, Cr 7.5 mM + A.A 2.5 mM, Cr 10 mM + A.A 2.5 mM). The application of A.A significantly increased metal uptake and in roots and shoots of A. donax. This increase was observed at Cr 7.5 mM + A.A 2.5 mM but at high concentrations, visual symptoms of Cr toxicity were observed on leaves. Similarly, A.A applications also affect the activities of key enzymes including catalase (CAT), superoxidase dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in leaves of A. donax. Based on results it is concluded that the applications of A.A acid for phytoextraction is an alternative approach for the management of Cr affected soils and synthetic chelators should be replaced with organic acids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetic%20acid" title="acetic acid">acetic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20donax" title=" A. donax"> A. donax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromium" title=" chromium"> chromium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20crop" title=" energy crop"> energy crop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoextraction" title=" phytoextraction"> phytoextraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87656/acetic-acid-assisted-phytoextraction-of-chromium-cr-by-energy-crop-arundo-donax-l-in-cr-contaminated-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1376</span> Trapping Efficiency of Highly Effective Slow Released Formulations of Biodegradable Waxes with Methyl Eugenol Against Bactrocera zonata </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Afzal%20Naveed">Waleed Afzal Naveed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammd%20Dildar%20Gogi"> Muhammd Dildar Gogi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubashir%20Iqbal"> Mubashir Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Junaid%20Nisar"> Muhammad Junaid Nisar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Hamza%20Khaliq"> Muhammad Hamza Khaliq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisal%20Munir"> Faisal Munir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of highly effective Slow-Released Formulations (SRF) of Methyl eugenol with Lanolin wax, Candellila wax, Bee-wax, Carnauba wax and paraffin wax in the orchard of University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan against fruit flies. The waxes were mixed with methyl eugenol in 1:9 ratio. The results revealed that SRF of Candellila, Paraffin, Bees and Carnauba wax attracted 13.77, 11, 8.15 and 7.23 flies/day/trap which was 2.6, 2, 1.5 and 1.4 times higher than standard respectively and exhibited 41.42%, 32.05%, 20.98% and 12.87% attractive index respectively, proved moderately attractive slow-released formulation to B. zonata and was catagorized as Class-II slow-released formulation (AI = 11-50%). However, SRF of Lanolin wax trapped 1.81 flies/day/trap which was 3 times less than standard and exhibited -61.86% attractive index proved little or non attractive slow-released formulation and was categorized as Class-I slow-released formulation for B. zonata (AI < 11%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradable%20waxes" title="biodegradable waxes">biodegradable waxes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow-released%20formulation" title=" slow-released formulation"> slow-released formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bactrocera%20zonata" title=" Bactrocera zonata"> Bactrocera zonata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyl%20euginol" title=" methyl euginol"> methyl euginol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97345/trapping-efficiency-of-highly-effective-slow-released-formulations-of-biodegradable-waxes-with-methyl-eugenol-against-bactrocera-zonata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97345.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1375</span> Male Oreochromis mossambica as Indicator for Water Pollution with Trace Elements in Relation to Condition Factor from Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naeem">Muhammad Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20M.%20Moeen-ud-Din%20Raheel"> Syed M. Moeen-ud-Din Raheel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Arshad"> Muhammad Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naeem%20Qaisar"> Muhammad Naeem Qaisar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Khalid"> Muhammad Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zubair%20Ahmed"> Muhammad Zubair Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ashraf"> Muhammad Ashraf </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Iron, Copper, Cadmium, Zinc, Manganese, Chromium levels were estimated to study the risk of trace elements on human consumption. The area of collection was Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan and was evaluated by means of flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The standards find in favor of the six heavy metals were in accordance with the threshold edge concentrations on behalf of fish meat obligatory by European and other international normative. Regressions were achieved for both size (length and weight) and condition factor with concentrations of metal present in the fish body. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oreochromis%20mossambica" title="Oreochromis mossambica">Oreochromis mossambica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxic%20analysis" title=" toxic analysis"> toxic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20size" title=" body size"> body size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condition%20factor" title=" condition factor"> condition factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40825/male-oreochromis-mossambica-as-indicator-for-water-pollution-with-trace-elements-in-relation-to-condition-factor-from-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40825.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">585</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1374</span> Serotype Distribution and Demographics of Dengue Patients in a Tertiary Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan During the 2011 Epidemic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Munir">Muhammad Munir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riffat%20Mehboob"> Riffat Mehboob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samina%20Naeem"> Samina Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Salman"> Muhammad Salman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shehryar%20Ahmed"> Shehryar Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irshad%20Hussain%20Qureshi"> Irshad Hussain Qureshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahira%20Murtaza%20Cheema"> Tahira Murtaza Cheema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashraf%20Sultan"> Ashraf Sultan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akmal%20Laeeq"> Akmal Laeeq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nakhshab%20Choudhry"> Nakhshab Choudhry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asad%20Aslam%20Khan"> Asad Aslam Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fridoon%20Jawad%20Ahmad"> Fridoon Jawad Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A dengue outbreak in Lahore, Pakistan during 2011 was unprecedented in terms of severity and magnitude. This research aims to determine the serotype distribution of dengue virus during this outbreak and classify the patients demographically. 5ml of venous blood was drawn aseptically from 166 patients with dengue-like signs to test for the virus between the months of August to November 2011. The samples were sent to the CDC, Atlanta, Georgia for the purpose of molecular assays to determine their serotype. RT-PCR protocol was performed targeting at the 4 dengue serotypes. Out of 166 cases, dengue infection was detected with RT-PCR in 95 cases, all infected with same serotype DEN-2. 75% of positive cases were males while 25% were females. Most positive patients were in the age range of 16-30 years. 33% positive cases had accompanying bleeding. This is first study during the 2011 dengue epidemic in Lahore that reports DEN-2 as the only prevalent serotype. It also indicates that more infected patients were males, adults, within age range of 16-30 years, peaked in the month of November, Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is manifested more in females, Ravi town was heavily hit by dengue virus infection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dengue" title="dengue">dengue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serotypes" title=" serotypes"> serotypes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEN%202" title=" DEN 2"> DEN 2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lahore" title=" Lahore"> Lahore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demography" title=" demography"> demography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serotype%20distrbution" title=" serotype distrbution"> serotype distrbution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2011%20epidemic" title=" 2011 epidemic "> 2011 epidemic </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1935/serotype-distribution-and-demographics-of-dengue-patients-in-a-tertiary-hospital-of-lahore-pakistan-during-the-2011-epidemic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1935.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">500</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1373</span> EhfadHaya (SaveLife) / AateHayah (GiveLife) Blood Donor Website</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameer%20Muhammad%20Aslam">Sameer Muhammad Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nura%20Said%20Mohsin%20Al-Saifi"> Nura Said Mohsin Al-Saifi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research shows the process of creating a blood donation website for Oman. Blood donation is a widespread, crucial, ongoing process, so it is important that this website is easy to use. Several automated blood management systems are available, but none provides an effective algorithm that takes into account variables such as frequency of donation, donation date, and gender. In Oman, the Ministry of Health maintains a blood bank and keeps donors informed about the need for blood through a website. They also inform donors and the wider public where and when is their next blood donation event. The website's main goals are to educate the community about the benefits of blood donation. It also manages donor and receiver documentation and encourages voluntary blood donation by providing easy access to information about blood types and blood distribution in various hospitals in Oman, based on hospital needs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20bank" title=" blood bank"> blood bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20donors" title=" blood donors"> blood donors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=donor%20website" title=" donor website"> donor website</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143141/ehfadhaya-savelife-aatehayah-givelife-blood-donor-website" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1372</span> Performance of Different Biodegradable Waxes Based Specialized Pheromone and Lure Application Technology-Male Anhelation Technique-Cue Lure Formulations in Bittergourd Field against Bactrocera cucurbitae</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amna%20Jalal">Amna Jalal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Dildar%20Gogi"> Muhammad Dildar Gogi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Jalal%20Arif"> Muhammad Jalal Arif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anum%20Tariq"> Anum Tariq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Afzal%20Naveed"> Waleed Afzal Naveed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talha%20Farooq"> Talha Farooq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubashir%20Iqbal"> Mubashir Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Junaid%20Nisar"> Muhammad Junaid Nisar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Melon fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) are economically important pests of the cucurbits and are geographically distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics of the world. It causes heavy quantitative and qualitative losses in bitter gourd. The present experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of different biodegradable waxes based SPLAT-MAT-CL (Specialized Pheromone and Lure Application Technology-Male Anhelation Technique- Cue Lure) formulations in bitter gourd field. Fourteen SPLAT-MAT emulsions/formulations were prepared by admixing different SPLAT matrices with toxicant (spinosad) and sex pheromone cuelure (attractant) in different proportionate percentage by weight. The results revealed that attraction and trapping of fruit flies of B. cucurbitae varied significantly for different SPLAT-MAT-CL formulations (p < 0.05). The maximum B. cucurbitae males were trapped in SPLAT-MAT-CL-7 (60 flies/trap/day) followed by SPLAT-MAT-CL-9 (40 flies/trap/day). The performance of all other formulations of SPLAT-MAT-CL was found in the order of SPLAT-MAT-CL-8 (30 flies/trap/day) > SPLAT-MAT-CL-3 (28 flies/trap/day) > SPLAT-MAT-CL-5 (25 flies/trap/day) > SPLAT-MAT-CL-4 (22 flies/trap/day) > SPLAT-MAT-CL-12 (20 flies/trap/day) SPLAT-MAT-CL-2 (19 flies/trap/day) > SPLAT-MAT-CL-14 (17 flies/trap/day) > SPLAT-MAT-CL-13 (15 flies/trap/day) > SPLAT-MAT-CL-11 (10 flies/trap/day) > SPLAT-MAT-CL-1 (8 flies/trap/day) > SPLAT-MAT-CL-10 (02 flies/trap/day). Overall, all the SPLAT-MAT-CL formulations, except SPLAT-MAT-CL-10, demonstrated higher density of captures of B. cucurbitae males as compared to standard (06 flies/trap/day). The results also demonstrate that SPLAT-MAT-CL-7, SPLAT-MAT-CL-9, SPLAT-MAT-CL-8, SPLAT-MAT-CL-3, SPLAT-MAT-CL-5, SPLAT-MAT-CL-4, SPLAT-MAT-CL-12, SPLAT-MAT-CL-2, SPLAT-MAT-CL-14, SPLAT-MAT-CL-13, SPLAT-MAT-CL-11 and SPLAT-MAT-CL-1 explained approximately 5, 4.6, 4.1, 3.6, 3.3, 3.1,2.8,2.5 and 1.6 times higher captures of B. cucurbitae males over standards. However, SPLAT-MAT-CL-10 demonstrated 3 times fewer captures of B. cucurbitae males over standards. In conclusion, SPLAT-MAT-CL-7, SPLAT-MAT-CL-9 can be exploited for the monitoring and trapping of B. cucurbitae in its IPM of program. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attractancy" title="attractancy">attractancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20conditions" title=" field conditions"> field conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melon%20fruit%20fly" title=" melon fruit fly"> melon fruit fly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPLAT-MAT-CL" title=" SPLAT-MAT-CL"> SPLAT-MAT-CL</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97310/performance-of-different-biodegradable-waxes-based-specialized-pheromone-and-lure-application-technology-male-anhelation-technique-cue-lure-formulations-in-bittergourd-field-against-bactrocera-cucurbitae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1371</span> Implementation of Risk Management System to Improve the Quality of Higher Education Institutes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Wasif">Muhammad Wasif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asif%20Ahmed%20Shaikh"> Asif Ahmed Shaikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarosh%20Hashmat%20Lodi"> Sarosh Hashmat Lodi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Aslam%20Bhutto"> Muhammad Aslam Bhutto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riazuddin"> Riazuddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Risk Management System is quite popular in profit- based organizations, health and safety and project management fields since the last few decades. But due to rapidly changing environment and requirement of ISO 9001:2015 standards, public-sector institution, especially higher education institutes are also performing risk assessment to monitor the performance of the institution and aligning it with the latest benchmark. In this context, NED University of Engineering and Technology performed research and developed a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the risk assessment, its monitoring and control. In this research, risks are broken into the four sources, namely; Internal Academics Risks, External Academics Risks, Internal Non-academic Risks, External Non-academic Risks. Risks are identified by the management at all levels. Severity and likelihood of the risks are assigned based on the previous audit results and the customer complains. Risk Ratings are calculated to orderly arrange the risk according to the Risk Rating, and controls for the risks are designed, which are assigned to the responsible person. At the end of the article, result and analysis on the different sources of risk are discussed in details and the conclusion is drawn. Discussion on few sample risks are presented in this article. Hence it is presented in the research that the Risk Management System can be applied in a Higher Education Institute to effectively control the risks which might affect the scope and Quality Management System of an organization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title="higher education">higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20management%20system" title=" quality management system"> quality management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20assessment" title=" risk assessment"> risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90839/implementation-of-risk-management-system-to-improve-the-quality-of-higher-education-institutes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90839.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1370</span> Poetic Music by the Poet, Commander of the Faithful, Muhammad Bello: Prosodical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sirajo%20Muhammad%20Sokoto">Sirajo Muhammad Sokoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Commander of the Faithful, Muhammad Bello, is considered one of the most distinguished scholars and poetic geniuses who is famous for reciting poetry in the classical vertical style. He is also represented by pre-Islamic poets such as Imru’ al-Qays and Alqamah and among the Islamists such as Hassan bin Thabit, Amr bin Abi Rabi’ah, and others. The poet drew from the seas of the Arabic language and its styles at the hands of His father, Sheikh Othman Bin Fodio, and his uncle, Sheikh Abdullah Bin Fodio, are both things that made Muhammad Bello conversant with the Arabic language until he was able to write poetry in a beautiful format and good style. The Commander of the Faithful, Muhammad Bello, did not deviate from what the Arabs know of poetic elements, such as taking into account its meanings and music; Muhammadu Bello has used every Bahr of prosody and its technicals in many of his poems. This article prepares the reader for the efforts made by the poet Muhammad Bello in composing poems on poetic seas, taking into account musical tones for different purposes according to his desire. The article will also discuss the poet’s talent, skill, and eloquence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music" title="music">music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Bello" title=" Muhammad Bello"> Muhammad Bello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poetry" title=" poetry"> poetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performances" title=" performances"> performances</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176456/poetic-music-by-the-poet-commander-of-the-faithful-muhammad-bello-prosodical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1369</span> Determining the Constituents of the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) in the Light of the Quran: A Clinical Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aamir%20I.%20Yazdani">Aamir I. Yazdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dr.%20Muhammad%20Nasir%20J.%20Qureshi">Dr. Muhammad Nasir J. Qureshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The term Sunnah has been used both, for Allah Himself and for his messengers in the Quran. The way Allah dealt with people where the messengers (rasuls) were sent is called Sunnatullāh by the Quran. Likewise, the same term is used in the Quran, for Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) as in following the trodden path (Sunnah) of his forefather Prophet Abraham, Alaihissalam. It implies; therefore, the word Sunnah cannot be applied to things which relates to theoretical knowledge like faith etc. Its ambit remains the practices, actions linked to practical things only. In the case of the Quran, we find that there is complete agreement among all Muslims on what constitutes the book of Allah, based on ijma (unanimity, total agreement, consensus) and tawatur (uninterrupted continuity, without any gap). There seems to be no unanimity on the question on what constitutes Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). There are, therefore, several approaches towards Sunnah adopted by Muslims. This paper is based on Qualitative Methodology to determine the criterion of what constitutes the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and which practices constitute the precincts of the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-hikmah" title="Al-hikmah">Al-hikmah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hereafter" title=" Hereafter"> Hereafter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practices" title=" practices"> practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tazkiya" title=" Tazkiya"> Tazkiya</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154194/determining-the-constituents-of-the-sunnah-of-prophet-muhammad-pbuh-in-the-light-of-the-quran-a-clinical-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1368</span> Comparative Efficacy of Prolene and Polyester Mesh for the Repair of Abdominal Wall Defect in Pigeons (Columba livia)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naveed%20Ali">Muhammad Naveed Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamad%20Bin%20Rashid"> Hamad Bin Rashid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Arif%20Khan"> Muhammad Arif Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Basit"> Abdul Basit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Muhammad%20Arshad"> Hafiz Muhammad Arshad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Abdominal defects are very common in pigeons. A new technique is known as intraabdominal mesh transplant that give better protection for herniorrhaphy. The aim of this study was to determine the performance of hernia mesh. In this study, an efficacy of two synthetic hernia mesh implants viz. conventional Prolene and a lightweight mesh monofilament polyester were assessed for the abdominal wall repair in pigeons. Twenty four healthy pigeons were selected and randomly distributed into three groups, A, B and C (n=8). In all groups, experimental laparotomy was performed; thereafter, abdominal muscles and peritoneum were sutured together, while, a 2 x 2 cm defect was created in the abdominal muscles. For onlay hernioplasty, the hernia mesh (Prolene mesh: group A; Polyester mesh: group B) was implanted over the external oblique muscles of the abdomen. In group C (control), the mesh was not implanted; instead, the laparotomy incision was closed after a herniorrhaphy. Post-operative pain wound healing, adhesion formation, histopathological findings and formation of hematoma, abscess and seroma were assessed as short-term complications. Post-operatively, pain at surgical site was significantly less (P < 0.001) in group B (Polyester mesh); wound healing was also significantly better and rapid in group B (P < 0.05) than in group A (Prolene mesh). Group B (Polyester mesh) also depicted less than 25% adhesions when assessed on the basis of a Quantitative Modified Diamond scale; a Qualitative Adhesion Tenacity scale also depicted either no adhesions or flimsy adhesions (n=2) in group B (Polyester mesh), in contrast to group A (Prolene), which manifested greater adhesion formation and presence of dense adhesions requiring blunt dissection. There were observed hematoma, seroma and abscess formations in birds treated by Prolene mesh only. Conclusively, the polyester mesh proved superior to the Prolene mesh regarding lesser adhesion, better in wound healing, and no short-term follow-up complications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adhesion" title="adhesion">adhesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesh" title=" mesh"> mesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyester" title=" polyester"> polyester</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prolene" title=" prolene"> prolene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99546/comparative-efficacy-of-prolene-and-polyester-mesh-for-the-repair-of-abdominal-wall-defect-in-pigeons-columba-livia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1367</span> Solid Particle Erosion of Heat Treated TNB-V4 at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naveed">Muhammad Naveed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Stechow"> Richard Stechow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sebastian%20Bolz"> Sebastian Bolz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katharina%20Hobusch"> Katharina Hobusch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabine%20Wei%C3%9F"> Sabine Weiß</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solid particle erosion has been identified as a critical wear phenomenon which takes place during operation of aeroengines in dusty environment. The present work discusses the erosion behavior of Ti-44.5Al-6.25Nb-0.8Mo-0.1B alloy (TNB-V4) which finds its application in low pressure gas turbines and can be used for high pressure compressors too. Prior to the erosion tests, the alloy was heat treated to improve the mechanical properties. Afterwards, specimens were eroded at impact angles of 30° and 90° at room and high temperatures (100 °C-400 °C). Volume loss and erosion behavior are studied through gravimetric analysis, whereas erosion mechanisms are characterized through scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate a clear difference in the erosion mechanism for different impact angles. The influence of the test temperature on the erosion behavior of the alloy is also discussed in the present contribution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20particle%20erosion" title="solid particle erosion">solid particle erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20TiAl" title=" gamma TiAl"> gamma TiAl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TNB-V4" title=" TNB-V4"> TNB-V4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20temperature%20erosion" title=" high temperature erosion"> high temperature erosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49747/solid-particle-erosion-of-heat-treated-tnb-v4-at-ambient-and-elevated-temperatures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1366</span> Evaluation of Flange Effects on the Lateral In-Plane Response of Brick Masonry Walls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hizb%20Ullah%20Sajid">Hizb Ullah Sajid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ashraf"> Muhammad Ashraf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveed%20Ahmad%20Qaisar%20Ali"> Naveed Ahmad Qaisar Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sikandar%20Hayat%20Sajid"> Sikandar Hayat Sajid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research study investigates experimentally the effects of flanges (transverse walls) on the lateral in-plane response of brick masonry walls. The experimental work included lateral in-plane quasi-static cyclic tests on full-scale walls (both with & without flanges). The flanges were introduced at both ends of the in-plane wall. In particular the damage mechanism, lateral in-plane stiffness & strength, deformability and energy dissipation of the two classes of walls are compared and the differences are quantified to help understand the effects of flanges on the in-plane response of masonry walls. The available analytical models for the in-plane shear strength & deformation evaluation of masonry walls are critically analyzed. Recommendations are made for the lateral in-plane capacity assessment of brick masonry walls including the contribution of transverse walls. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brick%20masonry" title="brick masonry">brick masonry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20mechanism" title=" damage mechanism"> damage mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flanges%20effects" title=" flanges effects"> flanges effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-plane%20response" title=" in-plane response"> in-plane response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33495/evaluation-of-flange-effects-on-the-lateral-in-plane-response-of-brick-masonry-walls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1365</span> Utilization of Municipal Solid Waste in Thermal Power Production: A Techno-Economic Study of Kasur City, Punjab, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Muhammad%20Umer%20Aslam">Hafiz Muhammad Umer Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Rafiq%20Khan"> Mohammad Rafiq Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This techno-economic study reports the feasibility of generating thermoelectric power from municipal solid waste (MSW) of Kasur City by incineration process. The data was gathered from different establishments of Kasur, through appropriate permission from their heads, and processed to design different alternative projects for installation of a thermal power plant in the city of Kasur. A technique of discounted cash flow was used to evaluate alternative projects so that their Benefit to Cost Ratio, Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return and Payback Period can be determined. The study revealed that Kasur City currently consumes 18MWh electricity and generates 179 tons/day MSW. The generated waste has the ability to produce 2.1MWh electricity at the cost of USD 0.0581/unit with an expenditure of USD 3,907,692 as initial fixed investment of forming about 1/7th of consumption of Kasur. The cost from this source, when compared to current rate of electricity in Pakistan (USD 0.1346), is roughly half. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kasur%20City" title="Kasur City">Kasur City</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20recovery" title=" resource recovery"> resource recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoelectric%20power" title=" thermoelectric power"> thermoelectric power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100493/utilization-of-municipal-solid-waste-in-thermal-power-production-a-techno-economic-study-of-kasur-city-punjab-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1364</span> Body Composition Analysis of Wild Labeo Bata in Relation to Body Size and Condition Factor from Chenab, Multan, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naeem">Muhammad Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amina%20Zubari"> Amina Zubari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdus%20Salam"> Abdus Salam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Ali%20Ayub%20Bukhari"> Syed Ali Ayub Bukhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveed%20Ahmad%20Khan">Naveed Ahmad Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seventy three wild Labeo bata of different body sizes, ranging from 8.20-16.00 cm total length and 7.4-86.19 g body weight, were studied for the analysis of body composition parameters (Water content, ash content, fat content, protein content) in relation to body size and condition factor. Mean percentage is found as for water 77.71 %, ash 3.42 %, fat 2.20 % and protein content 16.65 % in whole wet body weight. Highly significant positive correlations were observed between condition factor and body weight (r = 0.243). Protein contents, organic content and ash (% wet body weight) increase with increasing percent water contents for Labeo bata while these constituents (% dry body weight) and fat contents (% wet and dry body weight) have no influence on percent water. It was observed that variations in the body constituents have no association to body weight or length. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Labeo%20bata" title="Labeo bata">Labeo bata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20size" title=" body size"> body size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20composition" title=" body composition"> body composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condition%20factor" title=" condition factor"> condition factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20571/body-composition-analysis-of-wild-labeo-bata-in-relation-to-body-size-and-condition-factor-from-chenab-multan-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">497</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1363</span> Need of National Space Legislation for Space Faring Nations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naveed">Muhammad Naveed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Caixia"> Yang Caixia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The need for national space legislation is pivotal, particularly in light of the fact that in recent years space activities have grown immensely both in volume and diversity. Countries are progressively developing capabilities in space exploration and scientific discoveries, market their capabilities to manufacture satellites, provide launch services from their facilities and are looking to privatize and commercialize their space resources. Today, nations are also seeking to comprehend the technological and financial potential of the private sector and are considering to share their financial burdens with them and to limit their exposures to risks, but they are lagging behind in legal framework in this regard. In the perspective of these emerging developments, it is therefore, felt that national space legislation should be enacted with the goal of building and implementing a vibrant and transparent legal framework at the national level to hasten investments and to ensure growth in this capital intensive - highly yield strategic sector. This study looks at (I) the international legal framework that governs space activities; (II) motivation behind making national space laws; and (III) the need for national space legislation. The paper concludes with some recommendations with regards to the conceivable future direction for national space legislation, in particular space empowered sub-areas for countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20conventions" title="international conventions">international conventions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20legislation" title=" national legislation"> national legislation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20faring%20nations" title=" space faring nations"> space faring nations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20law" title=" space law"> space law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73072/need-of-national-space-legislation-for-space-faring-nations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1362</span> Ergonomics: Solutions for the Prevention of Injuries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Ammar%20Bin%20Mohd%20Asri">Muhamad Ammar Bin Mohd Asri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Hamizan%20Bin%20Yusof"> Muhammad Hamizan Bin Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Haziq%20Bin%20Abdul%20Khalil"> Muhammad Haziq Bin Abdul Khalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esman%20Hanief%20Bin%20Khairul%20Anuar"> Esman Hanief Bin Khairul Anuar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Fikri%20Bin%20Ishak"> Muhammad Fikri Bin Ishak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amril%20Azim%20Bin%20Mohd%20Norrahim"> Amril Azim Bin Mohd Norrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Danial%20Fakhri%20Bin%20Fakhruddin"> Muhammad Danial Fakhri Bin Fakhruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Khairul%20Nizam%20in%20Hosnodin"> Muhammad Khairul Nizam in Hosnodin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ezzat%20Hariz%20Bin%20Norhisam"> Muhammad Ezzat Hariz Bin Norhisam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ergonomics is the science of creating and arranging workplaces, products, and systems to increase human performance, comfort, and safety. This study researched ergonomics as a solution for preventing workplace injuries, specifically musculoskeletal disorders, among employers and employees. The method will be used in this project is a literature review which means conducting a study about ergonomics with peer-reviewed journal articles and books. It focuses on employees and employers who are in one company on other departments under the protection of Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA). These solutions include ergonomic assessments, workplace design improvements, effective training and education, and the use of ergonomic tools and equipment. Employers can build workplaces that are safer and more productive by putting these solutions in place, and employees can work comfortably and prevent accidents from bad ergonomics. Overall, the paper highlights how crucial it is to take injury prevention measures and consider ergonomics at work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20safety%20and%20health" title="occupational safety and health">occupational safety and health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=musculoskeletal%20disorders" title=" musculoskeletal disorders"> musculoskeletal disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ergonomic" title=" ergonomic"> ergonomic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ergonomic%20risk" title=" ergonomic risk"> ergonomic risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166691/ergonomics-solutions-for-the-prevention-of-injuries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1361</span> Global Best Practice Paradox; the Failure of One Size Fits All Approach to Development a Case Study of Pakistan </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naveed%20Iftikhar">Muhammad Naveed Iftikhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farah%20Khalid"> Farah Khalid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Global best practices as ordained by international organizations comprise a broader top-down approach to development problems, without taking into account country-specific factors. The political economy of each country is extremely different and the failure of several attempts of international organizations to implement global best practice models in developing countries each with its unique set of variables, goes on to show that this is not the most efficient solution to development problems. This paper is a humble attempt at shedding light on some specific examples of failures of the global best practices. Pakistan has its unique set of problems and unless those are added to the broader equation of development, country-specific reform and growth will continue to pose a challenge to reform programs initiated by international organizations. The three case studies presented in this paper are just a few prominent examples of failure of the global best practice, top-down, universalistic approach to development as ordained by international organizations. Development and reform can only be achieved if local dynamics are given their due importance. The modus operandi of international organizations needs to be tailored according to each country’s unique politico-economic environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=best%20practice" title="best practice">best practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=context" title=" context"> context</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20438/global-best-practice-paradox-the-failure-of-one-size-fits-all-approach-to-development-a-case-study-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul 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