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Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9" title="دعامة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دعامة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD" title="ভারবাহী স্তম্ভ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারবাহী স্তম্ভ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Слуп – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Слуп" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Слуп – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Слуп" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B1" title="Стълб – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Стълб" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piler" title="Piler – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Piler" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilar_(arquitectura)" title="Pilar (arquitectura) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pilar (arquitectura)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pil%C3%AD%C5%99" title="Pilíř – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pilíř" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pille_(bygningsdel)" title="Pille (bygningsdel) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pille (bygningsdel)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfeiler" title="Pfeiler – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pfeiler" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piilar" title="Piilar – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Piilar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilar" title="Pilar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pilar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piliero" title="Piliero – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Piliero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pile_(architecture)" title="Pile (architecture) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pile (architecture)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piar" title="Piar – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Piar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%90%EA%B0%81" title="교각 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="교각" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilastro" title="Pilastro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pilastro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilastro" title="Pilastro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pilastro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piliorius" title="Piliorius – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Piliorius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pill%C3%A9r" title="Pillér – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pillér" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81_(%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1)" title="رصيف (معمار) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رصيف (معمار)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pijler_(bouwkunde)" title="Pijler (bouwkunde) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pijler (bouwkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A9%8B%E8%84%9A" title="橋脚 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="橋脚" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilar" title="Pilar – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pilar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filar" title="Filar – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Filar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peg%C3%A3o" title="Pegão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pegão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pil%C4%83_(construc%C8%9Bii)" title="Pilă (construcții) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pilă (construcții)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Столб (архитектура) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Столб (архитектура)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilier" title="Pilier – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pilier" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slop" title="Slop – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Slop" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Стубац – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стубац" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilari" title="Pilari – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pilari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelare" title="Pelare – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pelare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BF" title="Стовп – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стовп" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0tolps" title="Štolps – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Štolps" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A9%8B%E5%A2%A9" title="橋墩 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="橋墩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q335297#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> 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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the architectural support. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Pier_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pier (disambiguation)">Pier (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pier_(architecture)" title="Special:EditPage/Pier (architecture)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pier%22+architecture">"Pier" architecture</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pier%22+architecture+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pier%22+architecture&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pier%22+architecture+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pier%22+architecture">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pier%22+architecture&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2007</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pont_du_Gard_BLS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Pont_du_Gard_BLS.jpg/330px-Pont_du_Gard_BLS.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Pont_du_Gard_BLS.jpg/500px-Pont_du_Gard_BLS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Pont_du_Gard_BLS.jpg/960px-Pont_du_Gard_BLS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12648" data-file-height="4882" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Pont_du_Gard" title="Pont du Gard">Pont du Gard</a> (c.19 BC), <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a>; 3 rows of piers with <a href="/wiki/Arch" title="Arch">arches</a> springing from them to support the bridge.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>pier</b>, in <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>, is an upright support for a structure or <a href="/wiki/Superstructure" title="Superstructure">superstructure</a> such as an <a href="/wiki/Arch" title="Arch">arch</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">bridge</a>. Sections of structural walls between openings (bays) can function as piers. External or free-standing walls may have piers at the ends or on corners. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_(architecture)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wells_Cathedral_Arches,_Somerset,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Wells_Cathedral_Arches%2C_Somerset%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/250px-Wells_Cathedral_Arches%2C_Somerset%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Wells_Cathedral_Arches%2C_Somerset%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/330px-Wells_Cathedral_Arches%2C_Somerset%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Wells_Cathedral_Arches%2C_Somerset%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/500px-Wells_Cathedral_Arches%2C_Somerset%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5402" data-file-height="6073" /></a><figcaption>Cruciform pier in <a href="/wiki/Wells_Cathedral" title="Wells Cathedral">Wells Cathedral</a>, England.</figcaption></figure> <p>The simplest <a href="/wiki/Cross_section_(geometry)" title="Cross section (geometry)">cross section</a> of the pier is <a href="/wiki/Square_(geometry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Square (geometry)">square</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Rectangle" title="Rectangle">rectangular</a>, but other shapes are also common. In <a href="/wiki/Medieval_architecture" title="Medieval architecture">medieval architecture</a>, massive <a href="/wiki/Circle" title="Circle">circular</a> supports called drum piers, <a href="/wiki/Cruciform" title="Cruciform">cruciform</a> (cross-shaped) piers, and <a href="/wiki/Compound_pier" title="Compound pier">compound piers</a> are common architectural elements. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Column" title="Column">Columns</a> are a similar upright support, but stand on a round base; in many contexts columns may also be called piers. In buildings with a sequence of <a href="/wiki/Bay_(architecture)" title="Bay (architecture)">bays</a> between piers, each opening (window or door) between two piers is considered a single bay. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bridge_piers">Bridge piers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_(architecture)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bridge piers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poinciana_Parkway_RCMB_bridge_construction_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Poinciana_Parkway_RCMB_bridge_construction_4.jpg/220px-Poinciana_Parkway_RCMB_bridge_construction_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Poinciana_Parkway_RCMB_bridge_construction_4.jpg/330px-Poinciana_Parkway_RCMB_bridge_construction_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Poinciana_Parkway_RCMB_bridge_construction_4.jpg/440px-Poinciana_Parkway_RCMB_bridge_construction_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>A concrete <a href="/wiki/Girder_bridge" title="Girder bridge">girder bridge</a> pier during construction prior to installation of the bridge deck and parapets, consisting of multiple angled pylons for support (bottom), a horizontal concrete cap (center), and girders (top) with temporary wood bracing</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quadruple_support_pillars_for_the_fly-over_at_the_traffic_junction_24_Oktoberplein_(Utrecht).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Quadruple_support_pillars_for_the_fly-over_at_the_traffic_junction_24_Oktoberplein_%28Utrecht%29.jpg/220px-Quadruple_support_pillars_for_the_fly-over_at_the_traffic_junction_24_Oktoberplein_%28Utrecht%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Quadruple_support_pillars_for_the_fly-over_at_the_traffic_junction_24_Oktoberplein_%28Utrecht%29.jpg/330px-Quadruple_support_pillars_for_the_fly-over_at_the_traffic_junction_24_Oktoberplein_%28Utrecht%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Quadruple_support_pillars_for_the_fly-over_at_the_traffic_junction_24_Oktoberplein_%28Utrecht%29.jpg/440px-Quadruple_support_pillars_for_the_fly-over_at_the_traffic_junction_24_Oktoberplein_%28Utrecht%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>A quadruple <a href="/wiki/Compound_pier" title="Compound pier">compound pier</a> supporting the fly-over at the traffic junction <i>24 Oktoberplein</i> (<a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>)</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pier_(bridge_structure)" title="Pier (bridge structure)">Pier (bridge structure)</a></div> <p>Single-span <a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">bridges</a> have <a href="/wiki/Abutment" title="Abutment">abutments</a> at each end that support the weight of the bridge and serve as retaining walls to resist lateral movement of the earthen <a href="/wiki/Cut_and_fill" title="Cut and fill">fill</a> of the bridge approach.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Multi-span bridges require piers to support the ends of spans between these abutments. In cold climates, the upstream edge of a pier may include a <a href="/wiki/Starling_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Starling (architecture)">starkwater</a> to prevent accumulation of broken ice during peak snowmelt flows. The starkwater has a sharpened upstream edge sometimes called a <i>cutwater</i>. The cutwater edge may be of concrete or masonry, but is often capped with a steel angle to resist abrasion and focus force at a single point to fracture floating pieces of ice striking the pier. In cold climates, the starling is typically sloped at an angle of about 45°  so current pushing against the ice tends to lift the downstream edge of the ice translating horizontal force of the current to vertical force against a thinner cross-section of ice until unsupported weight of ice fractures the piece of ice allowing it to pass on either side of the pier.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_(architecture)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arc_Triomphe_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Arc_Triomphe_edit.jpg/200px-Arc_Triomphe_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Arc_Triomphe_edit.jpg/300px-Arc_Triomphe_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Arc_Triomphe_edit.jpg/400px-Arc_Triomphe_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3929" data-file-height="4260" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe" title="Arc de Triomphe">Arc de Triomphe</a>, Paris, supported by four massive planar piers</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe" title="Arc de Triomphe">Arc de Triomphe</a>, Paris (<i>illustration, right</i>) the central arch and side arches are raised on four massive <span class="cleanup-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">planar piers</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="What are "planar piers? (April 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="St_Peter's_Basilica"><span id="St_Peter.27s_Basilica"></span>St Peter's Basilica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_(architecture)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: St Peter's Basilica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SaintPierre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/SaintPierre.svg/250px-SaintPierre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/SaintPierre.svg/330px-SaintPierre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/SaintPierre.svg/500px-SaintPierre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Donato_Bramante" title="Donato Bramante">Bramante</a>'s plan for <a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="St Peter's Basilica">St Peter's Basilica</a>. In this illustration, the piers are rendered in solid black. Double lines between the piers indicate <a href="/wiki/Vault_(architecture)" title="Vault (architecture)">vaulting</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Donato_Bramante" title="Donato Bramante">Donato Bramante</a>'s original plan for <a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="St Peter's Basilica">St Peter's Basilica</a> in Rome has richly articulated piers. Four piers support the weight of the <a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">dome</a> at the central crossing. These piers were found to be too small to support the weight and were changed later by <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a> to account for the massive weight of the dome.<sup id="cite_ref-Fazio312_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fazio312-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The piers of the four <a href="/wiki/Apse" title="Apse">apses</a> that project from each outer wall are also strong, to withstand the outward thrust of the half-domes upon them. Many <a href="/wiki/Niche_(architecture)" title="Niche (architecture)">niches</a> articulate the wall-spaces of the piers.<sup id="cite_ref-Fazio312_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fazio312-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MontacuteNineWorthies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/MontacuteNineWorthies.jpg/300px-MontacuteNineWorthies.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/MontacuteNineWorthies.jpg/450px-MontacuteNineWorthies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/MontacuteNineWorthies.jpg/600px-MontacuteNineWorthies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="137" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Montacute_House" title="Montacute House">Montacute House</a> (England, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1598</span>). <a href="/wiki/Niche_(architecture)" title="Niche (architecture)">Niches</a> in the piers of the <a href="/wiki/Long_gallery" title="Long gallery">long gallery</a> are occupied by statues of the <a href="/wiki/Nine_Worthies" title="Nine Worthies">Nine Worthies</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_(architecture)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Column" title="Column">Column</a> — <i>pillar</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_pier" title="Compound pier">Compound pier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilaster" title="Pilaster">Pilaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep foundation">Deep foundation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_(architecture)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAbbett1957" class="citation book cs1">Abbett, Robert W. (1957). <i>American Civil Engineering Practice</i>. Vol. III. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. <span class="nowrap">26–</span>32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Civil+Engineering+Practice&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E26-%3C%2Fspan%3E32&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Abbett&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+%28architecture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUrquhart1959" class="citation book cs1">Urquhart, Leonard Church (1959). <i>Civil Engineering Handbook</i> (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. pp. <span class="nowrap">8–</span>75.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+Engineering+Handbook&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E8-%3C%2Fspan%3E75&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Book+Company&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Urquhart&rft.aufirst=Leonard+Church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+%28architecture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fazio312-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fazio312_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fazio312_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Fazio, <i>Buildings Across Time</i>, 312</span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 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