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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Toxicology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toxicology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Applications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Applications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Applications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biomedicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biomedicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Biomedicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biomedicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Laxative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laxative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Laxative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laxative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_lubricant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_lubricant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Personal lubricant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_lubricant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cell_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cell_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Cell culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cell_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veterinary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veterinary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Veterinary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veterinary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cosmetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cosmetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Cosmetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cosmetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanical,_electrical,_and_industrial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanical,_electrical,_and_industrial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Mechanical, electrical, and industrial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanical,_electrical,_and_industrial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food_preparation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_preparation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Food preparation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food_preparation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mineral oil</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A" title="زيت معدني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زيت معدني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oli_mineral" title="Oli mineral – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oli mineral" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%C3%A7%D1%83" title="Минералла çу – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Минералла çу" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_olej" title="Minerální olej – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Minerální olej" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral%C3%B6l" title="Mineralöl – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mineralöl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraal%C3%B5li" title="Mineraalõli – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mineraalõli" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ορυκτέλαιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ορυκτέλαιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceite_mineral" title="Aceite mineral – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aceite mineral" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerala_oleo" title="Minerala oleo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Minerala oleo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C" title="روغن معدنی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روغن معدنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huile_min%C3%A9rale" title="Huile minérale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Huile minérale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ola_mhianrach" title="Ola mhianrach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ola mhianrach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EB%AC%BC%EC%9C%A0" title="광물유 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="광물유" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հանքային յուղեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հանքային յուղեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="खनिज तेल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खनिज तेल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralna_ulja" title="Mineralna ulja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mineralna ulja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_mineral" title="Minyak mineral – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Minyak mineral" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olio_minerale" title="Olio minerale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Olio minerale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%99" title="שמן תעשייתי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שמן תעשייתי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_mineral" title="Lenga mineral – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lenga mineral" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C_%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B2" title="ಖನಿಜ ತೈಲ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಖನಿಜ ತೈಲ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81sv%C3%A1nyi_olaj" title="Ásványi olaj – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ásványi olaj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_galian" title="Minyak galian – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Minyak galian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerale_olie" title="Minerale olie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Minerale olie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%B1%E6%B2%B9" title="鉱油 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鉱油" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olej_mineralny" title="Olej mineralny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Olej mineralny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93leo_mineral" title="Óleo mineral – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Óleo mineral" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Нефтяные масла – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нефтяные масла" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9B%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="ඛනිජ තෙල් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඛනිජ තෙල්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralno_olje" title="Mineralno olje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mineralno olje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%83%D1%99%D0%B5" title="Минерално уље – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Минерално уље" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraali%C3%B6ljy" title="Mineraaliöljy – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mineraaliöljy" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="கனிம எண்ணெய் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கனிம எண்ணெய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C_%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%82" title="ఖనిజ తైలం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఖనిజ తైలం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88" title="น้ำมันแร่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="น้ำมันแร่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Мінеральні оливи – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мінеральні оливи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BA%A7u_kho%C3%A1ng" title="Dầu khoáng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dầu khoáng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9%E6%B2%B9" title="矿物油 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="矿物油" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Liquid mixture of higher alkanes from a mineral source, particularly a distillate of petroleum</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Mineral_spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Mineral spirit">Mineral spirit</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For crude oil found in geological deposits, see <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">Petroleum</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mineral_oil_bottle,_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Mineral_oil_bottle%2C_front.jpg/180px-Mineral_oil_bottle%2C_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Mineral_oil_bottle%2C_front.jpg/270px-Mineral_oil_bottle%2C_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Mineral_oil_bottle%2C_front.jpg/360px-Mineral_oil_bottle%2C_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1876" data-file-height="2502" /></a><figcaption>Bottle of mineral oil as sold in Canada.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mineral oil</b> is any of various colorless, odorless, light mixtures of <a href="/wiki/Higher_alkane" title="Higher alkane">higher alkanes</a> from a <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> source, particularly a distillate of <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as distinct from usually edible <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">vegetable oils</a>. </p><p>The name 'mineral oil' by itself is imprecise, having been used for many specific oils over the past few centuries. Other names, similarly imprecise, include 'white oil', 'paraffin oil', '<a href="/wiki/Liquid_paraffin_(medicinal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid paraffin (medicinal)">liquid paraffin</a>' (a highly refined <a href="/wiki/Medical_grade" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical grade">medical grade</a>), <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">paraffinum liquidum</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>), and 'liquid petroleum'. </p><p>Most often, mineral oil is a liquid obtained from <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">refining</a> <a href="/wiki/Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">crude oil</a> to make <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gasoline</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_product" title="Petroleum product">petroleum products</a>. Mineral oils used for lubrication are known specifically as <a href="/wiki/Base_oils" class="mw-redirect" title="Base oils">base oils</a>. More generally, mineral oil is a <a href="/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency" title="Transparency and translucency">transparent</a>, colorless oil, composed mainly of <a href="/wiki/Alkane" title="Alkane">alkanes</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Cycloalkane" title="Cycloalkane">cycloalkanes</a>, related to <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_jelly" title="Petroleum jelly">petroleum jelly</a>. It has a <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a> of around 0.8–0.87 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (0.029–0.031 lb/cu in).<sup id="cite_ref-kayelabymech_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kayelabymech-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_oil&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the imprecision in the definition of the names used for mineral oil (such as 'white oil') reflects usage by consumers and merchants who did not know, and usually had no need of knowing, the oil's precise chemical makeup. Merriam-Webster states the first use of the term "mineral oil" as being 1771.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the late 19th century, the chemical science to determine the makeup of an oil was unavailable in any case. A similar lexical situation occurred with the term "<a href="/wiki/White_metal" title="White metal">white metal</a>". </p><p>"Mineral oil", sold widely and cheaply in the United States, is not sold as such in the United Kingdom. Instead, British pharmacologists use the terms "paraffinum perliquidum" for light mineral oil and "paraffinum liquidum" or "paraffinum subliquidum" for somewhat more viscous varieties. The term "paraffinum liquidum" is often seen on the ingredient lists of baby oil and <a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">cosmetics</a>. British <a href="/wiki/Aromatherapist" class="mw-redirect" title="Aromatherapist">aromatherapists</a> commonly use the term "white mineral oil". In <a href="/wiki/Lubrication" title="Lubrication">lubrication</a>, mineral oils make up Group I, II, and III base oils that are refined from petroleum.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toxicology">Toxicology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_oil&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Toxicology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> classifies minimally treated mineral oils as <a href="/wiki/Carcinogen#Classification" title="Carcinogen">carcinogens group 1</a> known to be carcinogenic to humans;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Highly refined oils are classified group 3 as not suspected to be carcinogenic, from known available information sufficient to classify them as harmless.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The UK <a href="/wiki/Food_Standards_Agency" title="Food Standards Agency">Food Standards Agency</a> (FSA) carried out a risk assessment on the migration of components from printing inks used on carton-board packaging—including mineral oils—into food in 2011, based on the findings of a survey conducted in the same year. The FSA did not identify any specific food safety concerns due to inks.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>People can be exposed to mineral oil mist in the workplace through inhalation, skin contact, or eye contact. In the United States, the <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a> has set the <a href="/wiki/Permissible_exposure_limit" title="Permissible exposure limit">legal limit</a> for mineral oil mist exposure in the workplace as 5 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (0.0022 gr/cu ft) over an 8-hour workday, the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> has set a <a href="/wiki/Recommended_exposure_limit" title="Recommended exposure limit">recommended exposure limit</a> of 5 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (0.0022 gr/cu ft) over an 8-hour workday, with a previous limit of 10 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (0.0044 gr/cu ft) for short-term exposure rescinded according to the 2019 Guide to Occupational Exposure Values compiled by the <a href="/wiki/ACGIH" class="mw-redirect" title="ACGIH">ACGIH</a>. Levels of 2,500 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (1.1 gr/cu ft) and higher are indicated as <a href="/wiki/IDLH" class="mw-redirect" title="IDLH">immediately dangerous to life and health</a>. However, current toxicological data<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (August 2022)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (August 2022)">whose?</span></a></i>]</sup> does not contain any evidence of irreversible health effects due to short-term exposure at any level; the current value of 2,500 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (1.1 gr/cu ft) is indicated as being arbitrary.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_oil&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biomedicine">Biomedicine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_oil&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Biomedicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Laxative">Laxative</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_oil&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Laxative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Liquid_paraffin_(drug)" title="Liquid paraffin (drug)">Liquid paraffin (drug)</a></div> <p>Mineral oil is used as a <a href="/wiki/Laxative" title="Laxative">laxative</a> to alleviate <a href="/wiki/Constipation" title="Constipation">constipation</a> by retaining water in <a href="/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">stool</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Intestines" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestines">intestines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although generally considered safe, as noted above, there is a concern of mist inhalation leading to serious health conditions such as <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mineral oil can be administered either orally<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or rectally.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is sometimes used as a lubricant in <a href="/wiki/Enema" title="Enema">enema</a> preparations as most of the ingested material is excreted in the stool rather than being absorbed by the body.<sup id="cite_ref-food_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-food-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Personal_lubricant">Personal lubricant</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_oil&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal lubricant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is recommended by the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_Reproductive_Medicine" title="American Society for Reproductive Medicine">American Society for Reproductive Medicine</a> for use as a fertility-preserving <a href="/wiki/Vaginal_lubrication" title="Vaginal lubrication">vaginal lubrication</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it is known that oils degrade <a href="/wiki/Latex_condom" class="mw-redirect" title="Latex condom">latex condoms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cell_culture">Cell culture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_oil&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cell culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mineral oil of special purity is often used as an overlay covering micro drops of <a href="/wiki/Culture_medium" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture medium">culture medium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Petri_dish" title="Petri dish">petri dishes</a>, during the culture of oocytes and embryos in <a href="/wiki/IVF" class="mw-redirect" title="IVF">IVF</a> and related procedures. The use of oil presents several advantages over the open culture system: it allows for several oocytes and embryos to be cultured simultaneously, but observed separately, in the same dish; it minimizes concentration and pH changes by preventing evaporation of the medium; it allows for a significant reduction of the medium volume used (as few as 20 μl (0.0012 cu in) per oocyte instead of several milliliters for the batch culture); and it serves as a temperature buffer minimizing thermal shock to the cells while the dish is taken out of the incubator for observation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Veterinary">Veterinary</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_oil&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Veterinary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mineral_oil" title="Special:EditPage/Mineral oil">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Over-the-counter <a href="/wiki/Veterinarian" title="Veterinarian">veterinarian</a>-use mineral oil is intended as a mild laxative for pets and livestock.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certain mineral oils are used in livestock <a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">vaccines</a>, as an <a href="/wiki/Immunologic_adjuvant" title="Immunologic adjuvant">adjuvant</a> to stimulate a cell-mediated immune response to the vaccinating agent. In the <a href="/wiki/Poultry_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Poultry industry">poultry industry</a>, plain mineral oil can also be swabbed onto the feet of chickens infected with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scaly_mite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scaly mite (page does not exist)">scaly mites</a> on the shank, toes, and webs. Mineral oil suffocates these tiny parasites.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Beekeeping" title="Beekeeping">beekeeping</a>, food grade mineral oil-saturated paper napkins placed in hives are used as a treatment for tracheal and other <a href="/wiki/Mite" title="Mite">mites</a>. It is also used along with a cotton swab to remove un-shed skin (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashes_(herpetology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashes (herpetology) (page does not exist)">ashes</a>) on reptiles such as lizards and snakes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cosmetics">Cosmetics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_oil&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cosmetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mineral oil is a common ingredient in <a href="/wiki/Baby_oil" title="Baby oil">baby lotions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cold_cream" title="Cold cream">cold creams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ointments" class="mw-redirect" title="Ointments">ointments</a>, and cosmetics. It is a lightweight inexpensive oil that is odorless and tasteless. It can be used on <a href="/wiki/Eyelashes" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyelashes">eyelashes</a> to prevent brittleness and breaking and, in <a href="/wiki/Cold_cream" title="Cold cream">cold cream</a>, is also used to remove creme make-up and <a href="/wiki/Temporary_tattoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporary tattoo">temporary tattoos</a>. One of the common concerns regarding the use of mineral oil is its presence on several lists of <a href="/wiki/Acne_cosmetica" title="Acne cosmetica">comedogenic</a> substances.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Your explanation here (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These lists of comedogenic substances were developed many years ago and are frequently quoted in the dermatological literature. </p><p>The type of highly refined and purified mineral oil found in cosmetic and skincare products is noncomedogenic (does not clog pores).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanical,_electrical,_and_industrial"><span id="Mechanical.2C_electrical.2C_and_industrial"></span>Mechanical, electrical, and industrial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_oil&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Mechanical, electrical, and industrial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oil_heater.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Oil_heater.jpg/220px-Oil_heater.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Oil_heater.jpg/330px-Oil_heater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Oil_heater.jpg/440px-Oil_heater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>An electrical <a href="/wiki/Radiator" title="Radiator">radiator</a> that uses mineral oil as a heat transfer fluid</figcaption></figure> <p>Mineral oil is used in a variety of industrial/mechanical capacities as a non-conductive <a href="/wiki/Coolant" title="Coolant">coolant</a> or thermal fluid in electric components, as it does not conduct electricity and functions to displace air and water. Some examples are in <a href="/wiki/Transformer" title="Transformer">transformers</a>, where it is known as <a href="/wiki/Transformer_oil" title="Transformer oil">transformer oil</a>, and in high-voltage <a href="/wiki/Switchgear" title="Switchgear">switchgear</a>, where mineral oil is used as an insulator and coolant to disperse switching arcs.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because it is noncompressible, mineral oil is used as a <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fluid" title="Hydraulic fluid">hydraulic fluid</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_machinery" title="Hydraulic machinery">hydraulic machinery</a> and vehicles. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Dielectric_constant" class="mw-redirect" title="Dielectric constant">dielectric constant</a> of mineral oil ranges from 2.3 at 50 °C (122 °F) to 2.1 at 200 °C (392 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Electric space heaters sometimes use mineral oil as a <a href="/wiki/Heat_transfer_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Heat transfer oil">heat transfer oil</a>. Lubricants used for older <a href="/wiki/Refrigerator" title="Refrigerator">refrigerator</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_conditioning" title="Air conditioning">air conditioning</a> <a href="/wiki/Compressor" title="Compressor">compressors</a> are based on mineral oil, especially those using <a href="/wiki/Chlorodifluoromethane" title="Chlorodifluoromethane">R-22</a> <a href="/wiki/Refrigerant" title="Refrigerant">refrigerant</a>. </p><p>Mineral oil is used as a <a href="/wiki/Lubricant#Mineral_oil" title="Lubricant">lubricant</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cutting_fluid" title="Cutting fluid">cutting fluid</a>, and as a conditioning oil for <a href="/wiki/Jute" title="Jute">jute</a> fibres selected for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Textile_production&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Textile production (page does not exist)">textile production</a>, a process known as 'jute batching'.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Spindle_oil" title="Spindle oil">Spindle oils</a> are light mineral oils used as lubricants in <a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">textile</a> industries. </p><p>An often-cited limitation of mineral oil is that it is poorly biodegradable; in some applications, <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_fats_and_oils" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetable fats and oils">vegetable oils</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Cottonseed_oil" title="Cottonseed oil">cottonseed oil</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rapeseed" title="Rapeseed">rapeseed oil</a> may be used instead.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food_preparation">Food preparation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_oil&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Food preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:End_grain_cutting_board.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/End_grain_cutting_board.jpg/220px-End_grain_cutting_board.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/End_grain_cutting_board.jpg/330px-End_grain_cutting_board.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/End_grain_cutting_board.jpg/440px-End_grain_cutting_board.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>A freshly oiled <a href="/wiki/Cutting_board" title="Cutting board">cutting board</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Because of its properties that prevent water absorption, combined with its lack of flavor and odor, food grade mineral oil is a popular preservative for wooden <a href="/wiki/Cutting_board" title="Cutting board">cutting boards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salad" title="Salad">salad bowls</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_food_preparation_utensils" title="List of food preparation utensils">utensils</a>. Periodically rubbing a small amount of mineral oil into a wooden kitchen item impedes absorption of food liquids, and thereby food odors, easing the process of hygienically cleaning wooden utensils and equipment. The use of mineral oil to impede water absorption can also prevent cracks and splits from forming in wooden utensils due to wetting and drying cycles. However, some of the mineral oil used on these items, if in contact with food, will be picked up by it and therefore ingested.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Mineral oil is occasionally used in the food industry, particularly for <a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">confectionery</a>. In this application, it is typically used for the glossy effect it produces, and to prevent the candy pieces from adhering to each other. It has been discouraged for use in children's foods,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though it is still found in many confectioneries, including <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Fish" title="Swedish Fish">Swedish Fish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of food grade mineral oil is self-limiting because of its laxative effect. The maximum daily intake is calculated to be about 100 mg (1.5 gr), of which some 80 mg (1.2 gr) are contributed from its use on machines in the baking industry.<sup id="cite_ref-food_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-food-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_oil&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mineral_oil_treating_butcher_block.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mineral_oil_treating_butcher_block.png/220px-Mineral_oil_treating_butcher_block.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mineral_oil_treating_butcher_block.png/330px-Mineral_oil_treating_butcher_block.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mineral_oil_treating_butcher_block.png/440px-Mineral_oil_treating_butcher_block.png 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>Applying mineral oil to a butcher block counter top</figcaption></figure> <p>Mineral oil's ubiquity has led to its use in some niche applications as well: </p> <ul><li>It is commonly used to create a wear effect on new clay <a href="/wiki/Poker_chip" class="mw-redirect" title="Poker chip">poker chips</a>, which can otherwise be accomplished only through prolonged use.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Either the chips are placed in mineral oil for a short time, or the oil is applied to each chip then wiped off. This removes any chalky residue left-over from manufacture, and also improves the look and feel of the chips.</li></ul> <ul><li>Mineral oil is used as the principal fuel in some types of gel-type scented candles.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>It is used for cooling, such as in the <a href="/wiki/Computer_cooling#Liquid_immersion_cooling" title="Computer cooling">liquid submersion cooling</a> of components in some custom-built computers.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amateur_radio" title="Amateur radio">Amateur radio</a> operators frequently use veterinary-grade mineral oil as an inexpensive coolant for RF <a href="/wiki/Dummy_load" title="Dummy load">dummy loads</a>, and as an electrical insulator and / or coolant for extra-high voltage circuitry, such as antenna-simulating <a href="/wiki/Dummy_load" title="Dummy load">“can-tennas”</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amateur_radio" title="Amateur radio">Amateur</a> use of mineral oil follows industrial use, since it typically is the insulating and cooling fluid in large electrical transformers and similar equipment, such as small switches used for high-voltages.</li></ul> <ul><li>Mineral oil is used as a <a href="/wiki/Brake_fluid" title="Brake fluid">brake fluid</a> in some cars, such as <a href="/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn" title="Citroën">Citroën</a> models with hydrodynamic suspension, and bicycle disc brakes.</li></ul> <ul><li>Mineral oil is burned in specialized machines (both manufactured and home-made) to produce a thick white smoke that is then blown into automotive evaporative emissions (EVAP) systems to find leaks.</li></ul> <ul><li>It is used for polishing <a href="/wiki/Alabaster" title="Alabaster">alabaster</a> in stonework and lubricating and cleaning pocket knives or food handling tools that use an open bearing, thus needing periodic lubrication. Light mineral oil (<b>paraffinum perliquidum</b>) is used as a <a href="/wiki/Honing_oil" title="Honing oil">honing oil</a> when sharpening edge tools (such as <a href="/wiki/Chisel" title="Chisel">chisels</a>) on abrasive oil stones. Mineral oil USP or light mineral oil can be used as an anti-rust agent for their blades.</li></ul> <ul><li>It is an inexpensive alternative for storing reactive metals, such as the alkali metals, <a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">lithium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Horticultural oil is often made with mineral oil as the active ingredient. It is sprayed on plants to control scale, aphid, and other pest populations by suffocation.</li></ul> <ul><li>Before the widespread adoption of thermocyclers with heated lids, it was common practice to use mineral oil to overlay <a href="/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction" title="Polymerase chain reaction">polymerase chain reactions</a> in <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a> to prevent loss of water during heating cycles. It is often used to suspend crystals for use in <a href="/wiki/X-ray_crystallography" title="X-ray crystallography">X-ray crystallography</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>It is used as a transparent collision material for reactions in particle physics, as in the <a href="/wiki/MiniBooNE" title="MiniBooNE">MiniBooNE</a> <a href="/wiki/Neutrino_oscillation" title="Neutrino oscillation">neutrino oscillation</a> experiment.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>As a relatively low heat combustible with no flavor or odor, mineral oil can be used in entertainments for <a href="/wiki/Fire_breathing_(circus_act)" title="Fire breathing (circus act)">fire breathing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fire_performance" title="Fire performance">“fire dancing”</a> act,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but there is a risk of injury.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Paraffin oil is commonly used to fill <a href="/wiki/Galileo_thermometer" title="Galileo thermometer">Galileo thermometers</a>: Due to paraffin oil's freezing temperature being lower than that of water (approx. −4 °C (24 °F)), this makes them less susceptible to freezing during shipment, or when stored in a cold environment.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_oil&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oil_analysis" title="Oil analysis">Oil analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penetrating_oil" title="Penetrating oil">Penetrating oil</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_oil&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Mineral+oil">Mineral oil (Dictionary.com)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150930073926/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mineral+oil">Archived</a> 30 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180603121430/http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/scientific_output/files/main_documents/162.pdf">"Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related the use of mineral oils in jute and sisal bags"</a> <span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2010</span>. <q>Gel candles use liquids such as mineral oil, terpene-type chemicals, or modified hydrocarbons as their primary fuel.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Economic+data+on+candle+and+incense+production+and+sales&rft.pub=United+States+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft.date=2001-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fnrmrl%2Fpubs%2F600r01001%2F600R01001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMineral+oil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBach2007" class="citation web cs1">Bach, John (5 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pugetsystems.com/submerged.php">"Mineral oil submerged computer"</a>. <i>Puget Custom Computers (pugetsystems.com)</i> (commercial site). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090707200942/http://www.pugetsystems.com/submerged.php">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Galileo Thermometer. 13 November 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150616030238/http://www.menards.com/msds/103072_001.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Material+safety+data+sheet&rft.series=Galileo+Thermometer&rft.date=2002-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.menards.com%2Fmsds%2F103072_001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMineral+oil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_oil&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mineral_oil" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mineral oil">Mineral oil</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503161358/http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/oilmist/recognition.html">"Safety and Health Guideline for Oil Mist, Mineral Oil"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a></li> <li>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.llnl.gov/es_and_h/hsm/doc_14.07/doc14-07.html">Safe handling of Alkali Metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">FAO</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v48aje08.htm">Report on food safety of mineral oil</a>, 1970</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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