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class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pangunahing pagpipilian</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pangunahing pagpipilian</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Maglibot </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Puntahan ang unang pahina [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Unang pahina</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tingnan_ang_buod" title="Mga gabay sa pagbabasa ng laktaw-laktaw sa Wikipedia"><span>Mga nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-Napiling-nilalaman" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo"><span>Napiling nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Alin_man" title="Magpalabas ng kahit-anong artikulo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Alinmang artikulo</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol"><span>Patungkol sa Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kasalukuyang_pangyayari" title="Hanapin ang mga impormasyon tungkol sa mga kamakailang kaganapan"><span>Mga kaganapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Pakikihalubilo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Pakikihalubilo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pakikihalubilo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Puntahan_ng_pamayanan" title="Tungkol sa proyekto, ano ang maari mong gawin, at kung saan maari maghanap ng mga bagay"><span>Pamayanan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kapihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kapihan"><span>Kapihan</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago" title="Tala ng mga huling pagbabago sa wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mga huling binago</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia"><span>Makipag-ugnayan</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia."><span>Tulong</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Maghanap" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hanapin</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itsura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itsura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class=""><span>Donasyon</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Meralco" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class=""><span>Gumawa ng account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Meralco" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mag-login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga pansariling kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl"><span>Donasyon</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Mag-ambag</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Meralco" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Gumawa ng account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Meralco" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mag-login</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga pahina para sa naka-logout na mga patnugot o editor <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!" aria-label="Alamin pa ang tungkol sa pagpapatnugot"><span>alamin pa</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kasaysayan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasaysayan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kasaysayan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kasaysayan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Kasaysayan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kasaysayan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_Electricista" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Electricista"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>La Electricista</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Electricista-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pagtatag_ng_Manila_Electric_Railroad_and_Light_Company" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pagtatag_ng_Manila_Electric_Railroad_and_Light_Company"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Pagtatag ng Manila Electric Railroad and Light Company</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pagtatag_ng_Manila_Electric_Railroad_and_Light_Company-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manila_Suburban_Railways_Company" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manila_Suburban_Railways_Company"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Manila Suburban Railways Company</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manila_Suburban_Railways_Company-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Power_generation_at_pamamahagi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Power_generation_at_pamamahagi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Power generation at pamamahagi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Power_generation_at_pamamahagi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikalawang_Digmaan_ng_Pandaigdig" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikalawang_Digmaan_ng_Pandaigdig"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Ikalawang Digmaan ng Pandaigdig</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikalawang_Digmaan_ng_Pandaigdig-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Panahon_ng_Batas_militar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panahon_ng_Batas_militar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Panahon ng Batas militar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panahon_ng_Batas_militar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-EDSA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-EDSA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Post-EDSA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-EDSA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008_na_pagsisiyasat_sa_lehislatura_sa_mataas_na_presyo_ng_kuryente" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008_na_pagsisiyasat_sa_lehislatura_sa_mataas_na_presyo_ng_kuryente"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>2008 na pagsisiyasat sa lehislatura sa mataas na presyo ng kuryente</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008_na_pagsisiyasat_sa_lehislatura_sa_mataas_na_presyo_ng_kuryente-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syndicated_estafa_at_bribery_case" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syndicated_estafa_at_bribery_case"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Syndicated estafa at bribery case</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syndicated_estafa_at_bribery_case-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pagpapaalis_ng_kaso_ng_syndicated_estafa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pagpapaalis_ng_kaso_ng_syndicated_estafa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Pagpapaalis ng kaso ng syndicated estafa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pagpapaalis_ng_kaso_ng_syndicated_estafa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pagmamay-ari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pagmamay-ari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pagmamay-ari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pagmamay-ari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tingnan_din" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tingnan_din"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tingnan din</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tingnan_din-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sanggunian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Meralco</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 3 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meralco" title="Meralco – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Meralco" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%88" title="مرالکو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مرالکو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A9%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B" title="マニラ電力 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マニラ電力" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6817918#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Baguhin ang link sa ibang wika" class="wbc-editpage">baguhin ang mga link</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Meralco" title="Tingnan ang nilalaman [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapan:Meralco&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Usapan tungkol sa nilalaman nito (hindi pa naisusulat) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ibahin ang baryante o variant ng wika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tagalog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Mga tingin"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Meralco"><span>Basahin</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Baguhin</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Baguhin ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&action=history" title="Nakaraang pagbabago sa pahinang ito [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga kagamitan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga kagamitan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga aksyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Meralco"><span>Basahin</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Baguhin</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Baguhin ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&action=history"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pangkalahatan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Ano_ang_nakakawing_dito/Meralco" title="Talaan ng mga pahinang wiking nakaturo rito. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Mga nakaturo rito</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Nakakawing_ng_kamakailang_pagbabago/Meralco" rel="nofollow" title="Mga huling binago sa mga kaugnay na pahina mula sa pahinang ito [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Kaugnay na pagbabago</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=tl" title="Magkarga ng mga larawan o iba pang midya [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Mag-upload ng file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Natatanging_mga_pahina" title="Tala ng mga natatanging pahina [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Natatanging pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&oldid=2095899" title="Ibigay ang palagiang kawing para sa kasalukuyang bersyon ng pahinang ito"><span>Permanenteng link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Impormasyon ng pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Sipiin&page=Meralco&id=2095899&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Impormasyon sa pagsangguni sa pahinang ito"><span>Sumangguni</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMeralco"><span>Kumuha ng pinaikling URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMeralco"><span>I-download ang QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I-print/I-export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Aklat&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Meralco"><span>Lumikha ng isang aklat</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Meralco&action=show-download-screen"><span>I-download bilang PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&printable=yes" title="Ipakita ang bersyon ng pahinang itong madaling maililimbag [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bersyong mapi-print</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sa iba pang proyekto </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Meralco" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6817918" title="Link sa nakakonektang item sa repositoryo ng datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Item na Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itsura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">itago</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Meralco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Meralco.jpg/250px-Meralco.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Meralco.jpg/375px-Meralco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Meralco.jpg/500px-Meralco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2416" data-file-height="3004" /></a><figcaption>Meralco (López) Building sa kahabaan ng Ortigas Avenue, Pasig, Kalakhang Maynila.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang <i><b>Manila Electric Company</b></i>, o mas kilala rin bilang <b>Meralco</b>, ay ang pinakamalaking tagapamahagi ng kuryente sa <a href="/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas">Pilipinas</a>. Sa kasalukuyan, 22 lungsod at 89 na bayan ang hawak ng kompanya sa pagtugon ng pangangailangan sa kuryente kasama ang buong <a href="/wiki/Kalakhang_Maynila" title="Kalakhang Maynila">Kalakhang Maynila</a> at mga kalapit nitong lalawigan. </p><p>Ang pangalang "Meralco" ay hango sa pangalang "<i><b>M</b>anila <b>E</b>lectric <b>R</b>ailroad <b>a</b>nd <b>L</b>ight <b>Co</b>mpany</i>" na siyang dating pangalan ng kompanya. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kasaysayan">Kasaysayan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kasaysayan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Kasaysayan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Meralcojf.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Meralcojf.JPG/300px-Meralcojf.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Meralcojf.JPG/450px-Meralcojf.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Meralcojf.JPG/600px-Meralcojf.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Tanggapan ng Meralco (Malolos City Cultural and Heritage house.)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_Electricista">La Electricista</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: La Electricista" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: La Electricista"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inorganisa noong 1891 at simula ng pagpapatakbo noong huling bahagi ng 1894, ang La Electricista ang unang electric company na nagbibigay ng kuryente sa Maynila sa pagtatapos ng panahon ng Espanyol. Ang La Electricista ay nagtayo ng isang central power plant sa Calle San Sebastian (ngayon Hidalgo Street<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) sa <a href="/wiki/Quiapo,_Maynila" title="Quiapo, Maynila">Quiapo, Maynila</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noong Enero 17, 1895, ang mga streetlight nito ay binuksan sa unang pagkakataon at noong 1903, mayroon itong mga 3,000 electric light customers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pagtatag_ng_Manila_Electric_Railroad_and_Light_Company">Pagtatag ng Manila Electric Railroad and Light Company</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pagtatag ng Manila Electric Railroad and Light Company" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Pagtatag ng Manila Electric Railroad and Light Company"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Noong Oktubre 20, 1902, sa panahon ng Panahon ng Kolonyang Amerikano, ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikalawang_Komisyon_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikalawang Komisyon ng Pilipinas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ikalawang Komisyon ng Pilipinas</a> ay nagsimulang tumanggap ng mga bid upang magpatakbo ng electric <a href="/wiki/Trambiya" title="Trambiya">trambiya</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Maynila" title="Maynila">Maynila</a>, at sa pamamagitan ng extension, na nagbibigay ng elektrisidad sa lungsod at sa mga suburb nito. Ang negosyanteng Detroit na si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_M._Swift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles M. Swift (hindi pa naisusulat)">Charles M. Swift</a> ang nag-iisang bidder at noong Marso 24, 1903, ipinagkaloob ang orihinal na pangunahing franchise ng Manila Electric Company.<sup id="cite_ref-JRTR_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JRTR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang Manila Electric Company ay nakuha ang La Electricista at ang Compañía de los Tranvías de Filipinas, isang kompanya na nagpatakbo ng mga tramways na inilabas ng Manila.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimesFeb1928_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimesFeb1928-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang konstruksiyon sa electric tram ay nagsimula sa parehong taon. Bilang karagdagan sa pagkuha ng kuryente sa <a href="/wiki/Kalye_Hidalgo" title="Kalye Hidalgo">Calle San Sebastian</a> ng La Electricista, nagtayo ang kumpanya ng sarili nitong steam generating plant sa Isla Provisora (mamaya naging Manila Thermal Power Plant), na nagpapatakbo ng sistema ng trambiya at sa dakong huli din ang electric service. Noong 1906, ang taunang kapasidad ng kapasidad ng Manila Electric Company ay humigit-kumulang sa walong milyong kWh. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manila_Suburban_Railways_Company">Manila Suburban Railways Company</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Manila Suburban Railways Company" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Manila Suburban Railways Company"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Si Swift ay iginawad ng isa pang franchise noong 1906 upang magpatakbo ng 9.8 kilometro (6.1 mi) extension ng linya mula sa <a href="/wiki/Estasyong_daangbakal_ng_Paco" class="mw-redirect" title="Estasyong daangbakal ng Paco">Paco</a> hanggang sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estasyong_Fort_McKinley_ng_Trambiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estasyong Fort McKinley ng Trambiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Fort McKinley</a> at <a href="/wiki/Estasyong_daangbakal_ng_Pasig" class="mw-redirect" title="Estasyong daangbakal ng Pasig">Pasig</a> at itinatag ang Suburban Railway ng Manila upang patakbuhin ang franchise na ito. Noong 1919 ang kumpanya na ito ay ipinagsama sa Manila Electric Company.<sup id="cite_ref-JRTR_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JRTR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang extension na ito ay isa sa mga pinaka-kumikitang mga linya ng Meralco.<sup id="cite_ref-JRTR_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JRTR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Noong 1920, nagkaroon ng 170-strong fleet ng mga streetcars ang Meralco, bago lumipat sa mga bus mamaya sa dekadang iyon. </p><p>Ang kumpanya ay nagpatakbo ng 52-milya ng mga tram hanggang sa Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig. Ang kagamitan at mga track ng system ay napinsala sa panahon ng digmaan at kinailangan na alisin.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Power_generation_at_pamamahagi">Power generation at pamamahagi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Power generation at pamamahagi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Power generation at pamamahagi"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sa pamamagitan ng 1915, ang henerasyon at pamamahagi ng kuryente ang naging pangunahing kita ng pangunahing kita ng Meralco, na umuusbong sa mga operasyon ng <a href="/wiki/Pampublikong_transportasyon" title="Pampublikong transportasyon">pampublikong transportasyon</a> sa mga kita. Noong 1919, binago nito ang opisyal na pangalan nito sa Manila Electric Company. Noong 1920, ang kapasidad ng kapangyarihan ng kumpanya ay umabot sa 45 milyong kWh. </p><p>Noong 1925, ang Meralco, ay nakuha ng utility holding company Associated Gas at Electric o AGECO (reorganized bilang General Public Utilities Corporation o GPU noong 1946), na nagsimula ng malawakang paglawak sa buong <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a> at ng Dominion of <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. Sa pinansyal na suporta ng AGECO, sinimulan ng Meralco ang pagkuha ng maraming umiiral na mga utility company sa Pilipinas, na nagpapahintulot sa kumpanya na palawakin ang lampas sa Maynila. </p><p>Noong 1930, nakumpleto na ng Meralco ang pagtatayo ng unang hydroelectric power plant ng Pilipinas, ang 23MW Botocan Hydro Station. Sa panahong iyon, ang planta na ito ay isa sa mga pinakamalaking engineering projects sa Asia at bumubuo sa pinakamalaking solong pribado kabisera ng pamumuhunan sa Pilipinas. Ang karagdagang kapasidad ay nagpapahintulot sa kumpanya na simulan ang pag-hook up ng mga customer sa buong lugar ng metropolitan. </p><p>Upang makapagmaneho ng demand para sa mas maraming kapangyarihan, nagbukas din si Meralco ng retail store upang magbenta ng mga electric appliances sa bahay. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ikalawang_Digmaan_ng_Pandaigdig">Ikalawang Digmaan ng Pandaigdig</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Ikalawang Digmaan ng Pandaigdig" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Ikalawang Digmaan ng Pandaigdig"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Noong <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Digmaang_Pandaigdig" title="Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig">Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig</a>, pwersahang inilipat ng mga puwersa ng Hukbo ng mga Hapon ang lahat ng mga ari-arian at pagmamay-ari ng Meralco sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiwan_Power_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taiwan Power Company (hindi pa naisusulat)">Taiwan Power Company</a> na kontrolado ng Hapon. Sa pagtatapos ng digmaan, ang karamihan sa mga dating pasilidad ng Meralco ay nawasak. </p><p>Matapos ang digmaan, nabenta ang autobus franchise ng Meralco sa Halili Transport. </p><p>Noong 1962, nakuha ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Eugenio_L%C3%B3pez,_Sr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Don Eugenio López, Sr (hindi pa naisusulat)">Don Eugenio López, Sr</a> ang Meralco at sa wakas ay ginagawa itong ganap na pag-aari ng mga Pilipino. Noong 1962-72, pinalaki niya ang kapasidad ng kapangyarihan ng Meralco ng limang ulit sa pagtatayo ng karagdagang mga istasyon ng kuryente sa Maynila na may dalawang higit pang pinlano sa Lalawigan ng <a href="/wiki/Rizal" title="Rizal">Rizal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Panahon_ng_Batas_militar">Panahon ng Batas militar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Panahon ng Batas militar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Panahon ng Batas militar"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Noong 1972, ipinahayag ni Pangulong <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> na idineklara ang <a href="/wiki/Batas_militar" title="Batas militar">Batas militar</a> (<i>Martial Law</i>) at inilabas ang Presidential Decree № 40, na nasyonalisa ang henerasyon at transmisyon ng bansa. </p><p>Ang pinakamatanda sa mga anak ni Don Eugenio ay naaresto upang hikayatin siya na ibalik ang kanyang mga negosyo sa rehimen. Si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugenio_Lopez,_Jr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugenio Lopez, Jr (hindi pa naisusulat)">Eugenio Lopez, Jr</a>. ("Geny") ay sinampahan sa pagsasabwatan upang patayin ang Pangulo. Sa pamamagitan ng kanyang anak na lalaki na pinagbilanggo, si Don Eugenio ay sapilitang ibigay ang kanyang mga ari-arian sa isang pangkat ng mga kumpanya na nagkakahalaga ng ilang daang milyong dolyar, ngunit hindi pinalaya si Geny mula sa bilangguan. </p><p>Ang pagmamay-ari ng kumpanya ay inilagay sa ilalim ng isang kumpanya ng shell na tinatawag na Meralco Foundation, Inc., na kinokontrol ng mga kroni sa ilalim ng bagong nilikha ng <a href="/wiki/National_Power_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="National Power Corporation">National Power Corporation</a> (Napocor) na pinapatakbo ng estado. Noong 1978, ang lahat ng mga pangunahing power plant ng Pilipinas ay pag-aari at pinamamahalaan ng Napocor, kabilang ang mga halaman ng Metro Manila na itinayo ng Meralco noong 1960s. Gayunpaman, ang kontrol ng estado para sa kumpanya ay nagsimula noong 1975, dahil sa pagtaas ng utang ng kumpanya at mga problema sa pananalapi sa loob ng dekada. Sa pagtatapos ng panahon ng Martial Law noong 1981, ang Meralco ay pinalawak pa sa Cavite at kanlurang bahagi ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laguna,_Rizal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laguna, Rizal (hindi pa naisusulat)">Laguna, Rizal</a> at <a href="/wiki/Quezon" title="Quezon">Quezon</a>, pati na rin ang mga bahagi ng southern <a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-EDSA">Post-EDSA</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Post-EDSA" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Post-EDSA"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang kontrol ng Estado ng Meralco ay tumagal hanggang matapos ang <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a> noong Pebrero 1986, na bumagsak sa diktadurang Marcos. Ibinalik ni Pangulong <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> ang pagmamay-ari ng kumpanya sa López Family, nang hindi sila nagbabayad para sa mga pagpapabuti na pinondohan ng estado na ginawa sa Martial Law. Nagpatupad din siya ng isang executive order na pinapayagan ang kumpanya na direktang makipagkumpetensya sa Napocor.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008_na_pagsisiyasat_sa_lehislatura_sa_mataas_na_presyo_ng_kuryente">2008 na pagsisiyasat sa lehislatura sa mataas na presyo ng kuryente</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Baguhin seksiyon: 2008 na pagsisiyasat sa lehislatura sa mataas na presyo ng kuryente" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: 2008 na pagsisiyasat sa lehislatura sa mataas na presyo ng kuryente"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang Meralco ay nakaharap sa isang pagsisiyasat / pagsisiyasat sa pambatasan ng Pilipinas para sa diumano'y labis na pagpepresyo.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isinasaalang-alang ng pamahalaan ang isang plano upang sakupin ang Meralco, upang mabawasan ang mga singil sa kuryente. Ang Meralco at ang <a href="/wiki/National_Transmission_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="National Transmission Corporation">National Transmission Corporation</a> (TransCo) blamed sa isa't isa para sa mataas na rate ng kuryente. Sinasamba rin ng Meralco ang mataas na gastos sa pagbuo ng kuryente, mataas na gastos sa pagpapadala at mga buwis ng pamahalaan na ipinataw sa sektor ng kuryente mula sa pagbuo ng kuryente hanggang sa pamamahagi. Gayunpaman, pinabulaanan ni Pangulong Winston García ng Pangulo ng Serbisyong Pangkalusugan ng Gobyerno (GSIS) ang kawalan ng katuparan ng Meralco, ang "namumulak na burukrasya" nito at ang pagkukunan nito ng kapangyarihan mula sa mga independyenteng prodyuser ng kuryente (IPP) na pag-aari ng López Family, at ang pangangailangan na baguhin ang Electric Power Industry Reporma Act (EPIRA) ng 2001. Sinabi ni Oscar López na kung ang GSIS ay bumili ng Meralco, dapat silang bumili ng buong cash, habang maraming negosyante ang nagsabi na ang pagkuha sa Meralco ay hindi ang paraan upang bawasan ang presyo ng kuryente, na depende sa pambansang pamahalaan at ang Pangulo. Ang isyu ay nakikita rin bilang isang mapangahas na paglihis mula sa iskandalo na ZTE NBN at iba pang mga isyu ng pamahalaan. Ang itinuturing na kakulangan ng pangkalahatang pag-unawa tungkol sa isyu ng pagkawala ng sistema, na likas sa negosyo ng mga kagamitan ay nag-udyok sa dating holding company ng Meralco, Unang Philippine Holdings, upang mag-isyu ng mga patalastas na nagpapaliwanag ng pagkawala ng mga sistema. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syndicated_estafa_at_bribery_case">Syndicated estafa at bribery case</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Syndicated estafa at bribery case" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Syndicated estafa at bribery case"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang <a href="/wiki/Kagawaran_ng_Katarungan_(Pilipinas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kagawaran ng Katarungan (Pilipinas)">Kagawaran ng Katarungan</a> ay nagsampa ng mga kaso laban sa Meralco noong Agosto 22, 2008 na resolusyon ng 31-pahinang isinampa sa Pasig Regional Trial Court. Ang May 29 National Association of Electricity Consumers for Reform (Nasecore) reklamo ay nag-akusa sa Meralco ng "ilegal na deklarasyon bilang kita na ₱ 889 milyon sa pera ng mga mamimili, na kumakatawan sa interes mula sa mga deposito ng meter at bill ng mga mamimili na nagbabayad mula 1995." [11] Ang reklamo ay inirerekomenda para sa lahat ng mga <a href="/wiki/Isinasakdal" class="mw-redirect" title="Isinasakdal">akusado</a>, mga opisyal ng Meralco noong 2006 na: Meralco chairman at CEO Manuel Lopez, executive vice president at chief financial officer na si Daniel Tagaza, unang bise-residente at treasurer Rafael Andrada, vice president at corporate auditor at compliance officer Si Helen De Guzman, vice president at assistant comptroller na si Antonio Valera, at senior assistant vice president at assistant treasurer na si Manolo Fernando; 2006 Meralco direktor Arthur Defensor Jr., Gregory Domingo, Octavio Victor Espiritu, Christian Monsod, Federico Puno, Washington Sycip, Emilio Vicens, Francisco Viray at dating Punong Ministro Cesar Virata. </p><p>Ang reklamo ni Nasecore na nag-akusa sa Meralco ng "ilegal na deklarasyon bilang kita na 889 milyong piso sa pera ng mga mamimili, na kumakatawan sa interes mula sa mga deposito ng meter at bill ng mga mamimili na nagbabayad mula noong 1995," ay agad na pinarating ng inakusahan na kumpanya dahil ang di-umano'y ₱ 889 milyon na lamang isang pangkaraniwang tinatanggap na prinsipyo ng accounting na binabalik ang naunang probisyon ng Meralco para sa mga deposito ng deposito ng meter na, mas naunang itinakda sa 10% kada taon ay itinuturing na masyadong mataas at itinakda sa inirekumendang 6%.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sinabi rin ni Meralco kung paano maaaring maganap ang isang kaso ng syndicated estafa kapag naipahayag na at nagawa na ibabalik ang refund sa mga customer na nagbayad ng mga principal deposit principal kasama ang mga buwan ng interes bago ang iskedyul ng ERC na inireseta at naglaan ng sapat na pondo para sa nasabing refund. </p><p>Kasama rin sa Meralco ang kasong bribery ng GSIS-Meralco.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pagpapaalis_ng_kaso_ng_syndicated_estafa">Pagpapaalis ng kaso ng syndicated estafa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pagpapaalis ng kaso ng syndicated estafa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Pagpapaalis ng kaso ng syndicated estafa"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Noong Oktubre 6, 2008, pinawalang-saysay ng Pasig City Regional Trial Court Branch 71 ang syndicated case estafa na isinampa laban sa board of directors ng Meralco, dahil nabigo ang pag-uusig na itatag ang lahat ng mga elemento ng syndicated <b>estafa</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang naghaharing Hukom na si Franco Falcon, ay nagpapahiwatig sa desisyon na ang lupon ay hindi ang uri na inilarawan ng batas na binuo upang gawin ang isang iligal na batas para sa board of directors ay inihalal ng mga stock. Ipinaliwanag ng korte, "Samakatuwid, ang akusado ay hindi kailanman sisingilin sa pagkuha ng bahagi sa komisyon ng syndicated estafa hindi lamang dahil hindi sila bahagi ng isang sindikato na isinasaalang-alang ng batas sa PD 1689, kundi higit pa, dahil walang ganap na estafa nakatuon. " </p><p>Ayon sa batas ng Pilipinas, na bumubuo ng syndicated estafa, ang paksa ng pera o ari-arian ay dapat matanggap ng mga nagkasala. Ang pera ay kumakatawan sa mga natipong interes sa kuwenta at meter deposit, na binayaran ng mga customer ng Meralco, hindi direkta sa board, kundi sa iba't ibang mga sentro ng negosyo sa Meralco kung saan ang mga customer ay nakipag-transact. Nagpahayag ng kaguluhan ang Meralco sa paglisan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pagmamay-ari">Pagmamay-ari</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pagmamay-ari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Pagmamay-ari"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Beacon Electric Asset Holdings, Inc.: 34.96%</li> <li>JG Summit Holdings, Inc.: 29.56%</li> <li>Metro Pacific Investments Corporation: 10.5%</li> <li>First Philippine Holdings Corporation: 3.94%</li> <li>First Philippine Utilities Corporation: 0.01%</li> <li>Others/Public stock: 21.03%</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tingnan_din">Tingnan din</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Tingnan din" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Tingnan din"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NAPOCOR" class="mw-redirect" title="NAPOCOR">NAPOCOR</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sanggunian">Sanggunian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Sanggunian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralco&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Sanggunian"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFMartinez" class="citation web cs1">Martinez, Glenn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://traveleronfoot.wordpress.com/2008/07/10/old-street-names-of-manila/">"Old street names of Manila"</a>. <i>Traveller on foot</i>. Wordpress.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Traveller+on+foot&rft.atitle=Old+street+names+of+Manila&rft.aulast=Martinez&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftraveleronfoot.wordpress.com%2F2008%2F07%2F10%2Fold-street-names-of-manila%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AMeralco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ivanlakwatsero.com/2011/08/manila-then-and-now.html">"Manila then and now"</a>. <i>Blog</i>. Ivan Lakwatsero<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">20 Disyembre</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blog&rft.atitle=Manila+then+and+now&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ivanlakwatsero.com%2F2011%2F08%2Fmanila-then-and-now.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AMeralco" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|first=</code> missing <code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#first_missing_last" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/bren/3845242630/">"Calle San Sebastian - Old photos"</a>. Flickr<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">20 Disyembre</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Calle+San+Sebastian+-+Old+photos&rft.pub=Flickr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Fbren%2F3845242630%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AMeralco" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JRTR-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-JRTR_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-JRTR_4-1">4.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-JRTR_4-2">4.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSatre1998" class="citation news cs1">Satre, Gary L. (Hunyo 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060505060037/http://www.jrtr.net/jrtr16/pdf/f33_satre.pdf">"The Metro Manila LRT System— A Historical Perspective"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Blg. 16. Japan Railway & Transport Review. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jrtr.net/jrtr16/pdf/f33_satre.pdf">orihinal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> noong 5 Mayo 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">18 Nobyembre</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Metro+Manila+LRT+System%E2%80%94+A+Historical+Perspective&rft.issue=16&rft.date=1998-06&rft.aulast=Satre&rft.aufirst=Gary+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jrtr.net%2Fjrtr16%2Fpdf%2Ff33_satre.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AMeralco" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> timestamp mismatch (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#archive_date_url_ts_mismatch" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimesFeb1928-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimesFeb1928_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nyti.ms/2q0tUGt">"ELECTRICAL SERVICE IN THE PHILIPPINES; A 40,000 Horsepower Central Station Now Serves Manila and Suburbs. NEW PLAN BUILT IN 1905 Demand for Electric Lighting Grew Rapidly--6,000 Lamps in Streets Now. Pioneers on the Payroll. Nipa Hut Dwellers"</a>. <i>New York Times</i> (sa wikang Ingles). Pebrero 5, 1928<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">25 Abril</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=ELECTRICAL+SERVICE+IN+THE+PHILIPPINES%3B+A+40%2C000+Horsepower+Central+Station+Now+Serves+Manila+and+Suburbs.+NEW+PLAN+BUILT+IN+1905+Demand+for+Electric+Lighting+Grew+Rapidly--6%2C000+Lamps+in+Streets+Now.+Pioneers+on+the+Payroll.+Nipa+Hut+Dwellers.&rft.date=1928-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnyti.ms%2F2q0tUGt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AMeralco" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFLexis_Nexis1974" class="citation book cs1">Lexis Nexis (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6VNUAAAAMAAJ&q=meralco+world+war&dq=meralco+world+war"><i>Mass Transit</i></a>. PTN Pub. Co. p. 58<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2008-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mass+Transit&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=PTN+Pub.+Co&rft.date=1974&rft.au=Lexis+Nexis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6VNUAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dmeralco%2Bworld%2Bwar%26dq%3Dmeralco%2Bworld%2Bwar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AMeralco" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFBelloMarissa_De_GuzmanMary_Lou_MaligHerbert_Docena2005" class="citation book cs1">Bello, Walden; Marissa De Guzman; Mary Lou Malig; Herbert Docena (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3S0ukwMn8LoC&pg=PA293&dq=meralco+world+war"><i>The Anti-development State: The Political Economy of Permanent Crisis in the Philippines</i></a>. Zed Books. p. 293. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/1-84277-631-2" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/1-84277-631-2"><bdi>1-84277-631-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2008-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anti-development+State%3A+The+Political+Economy+of+Permanent+Crisis+in+the+Philippines&rft.pages=293&rft.pub=Zed+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-84277-631-2&rft.aulast=Bello&rft.aufirst=Walden&rft.au=Marissa+De+Guzman&rft.au=Mary+Lou+Malig&rft.au=Herbert+Docena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3S0ukwMn8LoC%26pg%3DPA293%26dq%3Dmeralco%2Bworld%2Bwar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AMeralco" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanews.tv/story/94884/House-panel-begins-probe-into-high-power-rates">GMA NEWS.TV, House panel begins probe into high power rates</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philstar.com/archives.php?&aid=20080822134&type=2&,">DOJ files estafa raps vs Meralco</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512022705/http://philstar.com/archives.php">Naka-arkibo</a> 2008-05-12 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/metro/view/20080822-156292/DoJ-files-syndicated-fraud-raps-vs-Meralco-execs">newsinfo.inquirer.net, DoJ files syndicated fraud raps vs Meralco execs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080916232128/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/metro/view/20080822-156292/DoJ-files-syndicated-fraud-raps-vs-Meralco-execs">Naka-arkibo</a> 2008-09-16 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://businessmirror.com.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=376:meralco-welcomes-dismissal-of-estafa-case-versus-officials&catid=24:companies">"Instilling a culture of peace among Muslim, Christian kids"</a>. BusinessMirror.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Instilling+a+culture+of+peace+among+Muslim%2C+Christian+kids&rft.pub=BusinessMirror&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbusinessmirror.com.ph%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D376%3Ameralco-welcomes-dismissal-of-estafa-case-versus-officials%26catid%3D24%3Acompanies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AMeralco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Kinuha sa "<a dir="ltr" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meralco&oldid=2095899">https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meralco&oldid=2095899</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_kategorya" title="Natatangi:Mga kategorya">Kategorya</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_kompanya_sa_Pilipinas" title="Kategorya:Mga kompanya sa Pilipinas">Mga kompanya sa Pilipinas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Enerhiya_sa_Pilipinas" title="Kategorya:Enerhiya sa Pilipinas">Enerhiya sa Pilipinas</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Nakatagong kategorya: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_errors:_missing_name" title="Kategorya:CS1 errors: missing name">CS1 errors: missing name</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">CS1 maint: date auto-translated</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_errors:_archive-url" title="Kategorya:CS1 errors: archive-url">CS1 errors: archive-url</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Sangguniang_CS1_sa_wikang_Ingles_(en)" title="Kategorya:Sangguniang CS1 sa wikang Ingles (en)">Sangguniang CS1 sa wikang Ingles (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Kategorya:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Huling pagbabago: 11:59, 12 Pebrero 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Magagamit ang teksto sa ilalim ng <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Lisensyang Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike</a>; maaaring mailapat ang karagdagang termino. 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