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2011</span> </div> </div> <div class="content clear-block filter-text"> <div class="node-sidebar"><dl><dd><div class="clear-block field field-type-assetref field-field-related-images"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item"><div class="view view-asset-image-scale-300x-captioned-thickbox"><div class="view-content view-content-asset-image-scale-300x-captioned-thickbox"><div class="clear-block assets"><div class="asset first"><div class="view-field field-imagefile"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706031707/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/2011_Tunisia_Beating.jpg" title="" class="thickbox" rel="gallery-image"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706031707im_/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale-300x/media/images/photographs/2011_Tunisia_Beating.jpg" alt="2011_Tunisia_Beating.jpg"/></a></div><div class="view-field field-image-caption"><p>2011年1月29日，警方在突尼斯市中心的主要大道上包围一名年轻男子，接着用棍子打他，踢他，然后攻击拍摄本照片的摄影师，把他的相机砸坏。</p> </div><div class="view-field field-copyright">© 2011 Michel Monteaux</div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div></div></dd><dd><div class="clear-block field field-type-nodereference field-field-related-content"><div class="field-label">相关资料: </div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item"><a href="/web/20110706031707/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/news/2011/01/29/tunisia-hold-police-accountable-shootings">Tunisia: Hold Police Accountable for Shootings</a></div></div></div></dd><dd><div class="clear-block field field-type-link field-field-news-link"><div class="field-label">相关视频: </div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706031707/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2011/02/tunisia-human-rights-watch-protest-deaths.html">Tunisia: Rights Group Calls for Investigation of Protest Deaths</a></div><div class="field-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706031707/http://www.hrw.org/en/middle-eastn-africa/tunisia">More Human Rights Watch Reporting on Tunisia</a></div></div></div></dd><dd><div class="pullquote"><div class="clear-block field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item"><p>原本庆幸刚获得发言和示威自由的突尼斯人，却得同时在街头上、电视上见证警察殴打示威者的情景。政府应该表明，进行暴力虐待的警官将会受到惩罚。</p> </div></div></div><div class="clear-block field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote-author"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item">萨拉•李•维特森（Sarah Leah Whitson），人权观察中东和北非主任</div></div></div></div></dd></dl></div> <div class="node-body"><p>（突尼斯） - 人权观察组织今天指出，最近的警察暴力对待突尼斯示威者事件强调，突尼斯过渡政府必须避免<em>重蹈</em>覆撤，终止前政府下的残暴压迫行为。2011年1月29日，人权观察研究人员目击身穿制服的警务人员在警车上，使用拳头和棍对一名年轻男子进行殴打。过后，一名法国摄影师拍摄另一帮警员对一名青年拳打脚踢，被警方发现后也遭到袭击，相机被砸坏。</p> <p>人权观察表示，突尼斯的新内政部长Farhat Rajhi应鲜明命令所有警察部队尊重集会自由，只有在绝对必要时才动用武力。当局应当立即进行调查，起诉非法武力镇压抗议者的警官。</p> <p>"原本庆幸刚获得发言和示威自由的突尼斯人，却得同时在街头上、电视上见证警察殴打示威者的情景，"人权观察中东和北非主任，萨拉·李·维特森（Sarah Leah Whitson）说。"政府应该表明，进行暴力虐待的警官将会受到惩罚。"</p> <p>包括突尼斯人权联盟主席（Tunisian League for Human Rights ）Mokhtar Trifi在内的突尼斯律师和活跃人士，均指出警方在近几天内已多次对突尼斯示威者进行殴打。突尼斯的警察暴力事件多数牵涉到在国家政府所在地"Casbah"前的大广场举行静坐示威的抗议者。抗议者静坐一周是为了要求被推翻的总统阿比丁·本·阿里（Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali）时期的所有部长统统下台。警方采取行动控制群众，于1月28日欲驱逐抗议者时，造成Casbah 广场和市中心发生一些示威者向警察投掷石块、警察发射催泪瓦斯的小冲突。</p> <p>维特森说："这种暴行加剧紧张局势，还说明尽管本·阿里已离去，警方依然认为自己凌驾于法律之上。"</p> <p>1月29日下午5时，两名人权观察研究人员在突尼斯市中心的Habib Bourguiba大街上，目击几名身穿制服的警务人员在警车里使用拳头和棍殴打一名青年。</p> <p>研究人员向站在警车旁、穿制服的警察询问发生了什么事，他解释说，该名青年刚才"辱骂警察"。然后，他凑近研究人员，指着手腕说："你给他们这么多的自由" - 然后指着手臂说- "他们却要这么多！" </p> <p>几分钟后，车门打开了，青年一边哭着，一边流着鼻血下了车，然后赶快逃离现场。</p> <p>一小时后，法国自由摄影师Michel Monteaux在这条大街的行人街道上拍到穿着制服的警察追捕一名青年，青年倒在地上后还直向他拳打脚踢。Monteaux对人权观察说，警察一发现到他拍照就冲向他，一边用棍子击打他的腿，一边抢过相机，还把相机给砸坏。当时为法国周刊<em>La Vie</em><em>摄影的</em>Monteaux，<em>后来取回了存有刚拍摄的照片的记忆卡，</em>包括以上照片<em>。</em></p> <p>在这两件起事件中，警察所袭击的受害者并未做出身体反抗：第一受害者在警车内被警察包围；第二名已倒在地上了。打完后就将两名男子释放表明警察只想要实施简易处罚，而不是要进行逮捕。 </p> <p>根据国际法，执法人员使用的武力不得超出执行职务所必需的范围，其由《执法人员行为守则》（Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials）（联合国大会1979年12月17日通过的第34/169号决议）第3条所规定。</p> <p>突尼斯刑法第101条规定，任何国家公务员执行职务时如"未有正当目的地向他人使用或导致使用暴力手段"，将被判处五年有期徒刑。第101条禁止一事两诉，规定酷刑罪行的刑期长达八年。因此，突尼斯的司法机构有权调查这些袭击事件，必要时应起诉责任人。</p> <p>本·阿里任职总统时期，警方多数时候没有多大的动力去掌握控制大规模示威的合法手段，因为当局几乎没批准人们进行示威活动。任何要求社会或政治变革的户外聚会近乎全被警方压制。蔬菜商贩Mohamed Bouazizi12月17日自焚抗议后，大量的突尼斯人才公然违抗不准公共抗议的禁令，上街示威。</p> <p>人权观察在1月29日发表的<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706031707/http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2011/01/29/tunisia-hold-police-accountable-shootings">报告</a>中描述随着这些抗议活动的加剧和蔓延，警方开始以实弹向示威者射击，打死几十人。</p> <p>1月14日，本·阿里逃离突尼斯的那一天，法国摄影师Lucas Mebrouk Dolega报道抗议时，被站在20米外的警务人员发射的一个催泪气体罐击中头部，其后伤重死亡。Dolega当时为欧新社（European Press Photo Agency）摄影。</p> <p>自本·阿里1月14日被迫下台起，全国各地的城市几乎每天举行公共集会，迥然不同的群体涌入街头举行示威抗议活动，其关注的各种问题包括：支持、反对过渡政府，妇女有权获取平等的权益，妇女有权穿伊斯兰服饰，将良心犯释放以及起诉开枪打死抗议者的警务人员。</p> <p>一些聚会的参与者确实不守法。Casbah广场静坐的参与者经常成群冲下市中心的主要大道，有时还向警方投掷石块。</p> <p>据人权观察所知，本·阿里离去后，警方未以实弹打伤或打死任何抗议者。然而，警方殴打示威者的事件日益增加，损害过渡政府说服突尼斯人其已终止过去的镇压行为的努力。</p> <p>维特森说："本·阿里的警察部队开枪打死示威者，是造成反抗他的成功革命的其中关键因素。虽然当今的暴力事件明显地较为小规模，但过渡政府的信誉依然受到威胁。"</p> </div><div class="node-translations"><span class="label">其他语言</span><ul class="links"><li class="first 0"><a href="/web/20110706031707/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/news/2011/01/31/tunisia-end-police-attacks-protesters" class="0">English</a></li> <li class="1"><a href="/web/20110706031707/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/news/2011/01/31-2" class="1">العربية</a></li> <li class="last 2"><a href="/web/20110706031707/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/news/2011/01/31/tunisie-les-agressions-de-manifestants-par-la-police-doivent-cesser" class="2">Français</a></li> </ul></div><div id="send-to"><form action="/web/20110706031707/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/news/2011/01/31-8" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post" id="messaging-sendto-form"> <div><div class="form-item" 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