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vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Environmental stewardship subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Environmental_stewardship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Medicinal_knowledge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicinal_knowledge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Medicinal knowledge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicinal_knowledge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salok_Mahalla_Satvaan_(7)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salok_Mahalla_Satvaan_(7)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Salok Mahalla Satvaan (7)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salok_Mahalla_Satvaan_(7)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Guru Har Rai</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="الغورو هار راي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الغورو هار راي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Ray" title="Har Ray – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Har Ray" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="গুরু হর রাই – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গুরু হর রাই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Har_Rai_Sahib_Ji" title="Guru Har Rai Sahib Ji – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guru Har Rai Sahib Ji" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Rai" title="Har Rai – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Har Rai" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D_%CE%A7%CE%B1%CF%81_%CE%A1%CE%AC%CE%B9" title="Γκουρού Χαρ Ράι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκουρού Χαρ Ράι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gur%C3%BA_Har_Rai_Sahib_Ji" title="Gurú Har Rai Sahib Ji – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gurú Har Rai Sahib Ji" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="گورو هر رای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گورو هر رای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Har_Rai" title="Guru Har Rai – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guru Har Rai" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF" title="गुरु हर राय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गुरु हर राय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Har_Rai" title="Guru Har Rai – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guru Har Rai" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8D" title="ಗುರು ಹರ ರಾಯ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗುರು ಹರ ರಾಯ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF" title="ഗുരു ഹർ റായി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗുരു ഹർ റായി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF" title="गुरू हर राय – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गुरू हर राय" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goeroe_Har_Rai" title="Goeroe Har Rai – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Goeroe Har Rai" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Har_Rai" title="Guru Har Rai – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Guru Har Rai" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87" title="ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿਰਾਇ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿਰਾਇ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%DB%81%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%93" title="گرو ہر راۓ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گرو ہر راۓ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Rai" title="Har Rai – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Har Rai" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Har_Rai" title="Guru Har Rai – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guru Har Rai" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Гуру Хар Рай – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гуру Хар Рай" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF" title="गुरु हर राय – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="गुरु हर राय" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="குரு ஹர் ராய் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குரு ஹர் ராய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8D" title="గురు హర్ రాయ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గురు హర్ రాయ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="คุรุหรราย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คุรุหรราย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%97" title="Хар Раї – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хар Раї" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92" title="گرو ہررائے – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گرو ہررائے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q630106#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background: #FFC600; color: #000000;"><div class="fn">Guru Har Rai</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="pa">ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਰਾਇ</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Guru_Har_Rai,_Guler-Basohli_painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Guru Har Rai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Guru_Har_Rai%2C_Guler-Basohli_painting.jpg/220px-Guru_Har_Rai%2C_Guler-Basohli_painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Guru_Har_Rai%2C_Guler-Basohli_painting.jpg/330px-Guru_Har_Rai%2C_Guler-Basohli_painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Guru_Har_Rai%2C_Guler-Basohli_painting.jpg/440px-Guru_Har_Rai%2C_Guler-Basohli_painting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Guru Har Rai receives a devotee. Family workshop of Nainsukh of Guler, Punjab Hills, ca.1790</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFC600; color: #000000;">Personal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1630-01-16</span>)</span>16 January 1630<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Kiratpur_Sahib" title="Kiratpur Sahib">Kiratpur Sahib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subah_of_Lahore" title="Subah of Lahore">Lahore Subah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">6 October 1661<span style="display:none">(1661-10-06)</span> (aged 31)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Kiratpur Sahib, Lahore Subah, Mughal Empire</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Mata Krishen Devi (also known as Sulakhni, Kot Kalyani,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or Kishan Kaur)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Baba_Ram_Rai" class="mw-redirect" title="Baba Ram Rai">Baba Ram Rai</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Krishan" title="Guru Har Krishan">Guru Har Krishan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Baba_Gurditta" title="Baba Gurditta">Baba Gurditta</a> (father) , <p><a href="/wiki/Mata_Nihal_Kaur" title="Mata Nihal Kaur">Mata Nihal Kaur</a> (mother) </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baba_Daya_Ram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baba Daya Ram (page does not exist)">Baba Daya Ram</a> (father in law) </p> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_Ananti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mata Ananti (page does not exist)">Mata Ananti</a> (mother in law)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><i>Seventh Master</i><br /><i>Seventh Nanak'</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nisan_(signature)_of_Guru_Har_Rai,_at_the_beginning_of_a_Guru_Granth_Sahib_manuscript_dated_1716_Bikrami_Samvat_(1659_C.E.).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Nisan_%28signature%29_of_Guru_Har_Rai%2C_at_the_beginning_of_a_Guru_Granth_Sahib_manuscript_dated_1716_Bikrami_Samvat_%281659_C.E.%29.jpg/150px-Nisan_%28signature%29_of_Guru_Har_Rai%2C_at_the_beginning_of_a_Guru_Granth_Sahib_manuscript_dated_1716_Bikrami_Samvat_%281659_C.E.%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Nisan_%28signature%29_of_Guru_Har_Rai%2C_at_the_beginning_of_a_Guru_Granth_Sahib_manuscript_dated_1716_Bikrami_Samvat_%281659_C.E.%29.jpg/225px-Nisan_%28signature%29_of_Guru_Har_Rai%2C_at_the_beginning_of_a_Guru_Granth_Sahib_manuscript_dated_1716_Bikrami_Samvat_%281659_C.E.%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Nisan_%28signature%29_of_Guru_Har_Rai%2C_at_the_beginning_of_a_Guru_Granth_Sahib_manuscript_dated_1716_Bikrami_Samvat_%281659_C.E.%29.jpg/300px-Nisan_%28signature%29_of_Guru_Har_Rai%2C_at_the_beginning_of_a_Guru_Granth_Sahib_manuscript_dated_1716_Bikrami_Samvat_%281659_C.E.%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="983" data-file-height="725" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFC600; color: #000000;">Religious career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Period in office</th><td class="infobox-data">1644–1661</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guru_Hargobind" title="Guru Hargobind">Guru Hargobind</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Krishan" title="Guru Har Krishan">Guru Har Krishan</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhism" title="Category:Sikhism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #FFC600; padding:0.2em; font-size:140%;"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khanda_(Sikh_symbol)" title="Khanda"><img alt="Khanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/100px-Khanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/150px-Khanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/200px-Khanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="632" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="border-top:1px solid #FFC600;border-bottom:1px solid #FFC600;padding-bottom:.35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhs" title="Category:Sikhs">Topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Sikhism" title="Outline of Sikhism">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sikhism" title="History of Sikhism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Sikhism" title="Glossary of Sikhism">Glossary</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_gurus" title="Sikh gurus"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Sikh gurus</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Angad" title="Guru Angad">Guru Angad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Amar_Das" title="Guru Amar Das">Guru Amar Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Ram_Das" title="Guru Ram Das">Guru Ram Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Arjan" title="Guru Arjan">Guru Arjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Hargobind" title="Guru Hargobind">Guru Hargobind</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guru Har Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Krishan" title="Guru Har Krishan">Guru Har Krishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur" title="Guru Tegh Bahadur">Guru Tegh Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Bhagat" title="Bhagat"> <span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Selected revered saints</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Bhagat Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Ravidas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagat Ravidas">Bhagat Ravidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Farid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagat Farid">Bhagat Farid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Ramanand" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagat Ramanand">Bhagat Ramanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Beni" title="Bhagat Beni">Bhagat Beni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Bhagat Namdev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Sadhana" title="Bhagat Sadhana">Bhagat Sadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Bhikhan" title="Bhagat Bhikhan">Bhagat Bhikhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Parmanand" title="Bhagat Parmanand">Bhagat Parmanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Sain" title="Bhagat Sain">Bhagat Sain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Dhanna" title="Bhagat Dhanna">Bhagat Dhanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Pipa" title="Bhagat Pipa">Bhagat Pipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surdas" title="Surdas">Bhagat Surdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayadeva" title="Jayadeva">Bhagat Jaidev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Trilochan" title="Bhagat Trilochan">Bhagat Trilochan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Kalshar" title="Bhatt Kalshar">Bhatt Kalshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Balh" title="Bhatt Balh">Bhatt Balh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Bhalh" title="Bhatt Bhalh">Bhatt Bhalh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Bhika" title="Bhatt Bhika">Bhatt Bhika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Gayand" title="Bhatt Gayand">Bhatt Gayand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Harbans" title="Bhatt Harbans">Bhatt Harbans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Jalap" title="Bhatt Jalap">Bhatt Jalap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Kirat" title="Bhatt Kirat">Bhatt Kirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Mathura" title="Bhatt Mathura">Bhatt Mathura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Nalh" title="Bhatt Nalh">Bhatt Nalh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Salh" title="Bhatt Salh">Bhatt Salh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Sunder" title="Baba Sunder">Baba Sundar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satta_Doom" title="Satta Doom">Satta Doom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balvand_Rai" title="Balvand Rai">Balvand Rai</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_religious_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh religious philosophy"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Philosophy</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Naam_Japo" title="Naam Japo">Naam Japo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Karo" title="Kirat Karo"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Kirat Karō</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vand_Chhako" title="Vand Chhako"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Vand Chakkō</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charhdi_Kala" class="mw-redirect" title="Charhdi Kala"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Charhdi Kalā</i></span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guru_Maneyo_Granth" title="Guru Maneyo Granth">Guru Maneyo Granth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Thieves" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Thieves">Five Thieves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Virtues" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Virtues">Five Virtues</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_practices" title="Category:Sikh practices"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Practices</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Rehat_Maryada" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh Rehat Maryada">Sikh Rehat Maryada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibitions_in_Sikhism" title="Prohibitions in Sikhism">Prohibitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard%C4%81s" title="Ardās">Ardās</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kirtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Vel%C4%81" title="Amrit Velā">Amrit Velā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasvand" class="mw-redirect" title="Dasvand">Dasvand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Five_Ks" class="mw-redirect" title="The Five Ks">The Five Ks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langar_(Sikhism)" title="Langar (Sikhism)">Langar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seva_(Indian_religions)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seva (Indian religions)">Sewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simran" title="Simran">Simran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitnem" title="Nitnem">Nitnem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dastar" title="Dastar">Dastar</a> (Turban)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naam_Karan" title="Naam Karan">Naam Karan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Sanskar" title="Amrit Sanskar">Amrit Sanskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Karaj" title="Anand Karaj">Anand Karaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antam_Sanskar" title="Antam Sanskar">Antam Sanskar</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_scripture" title="Category:Sikh scripture"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Scripture</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dasam_Granth" title="Dasam Granth">Dasam Granth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarbloh_Granth" title="Sarbloh Granth">Sarbloh Granth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Five_Banis" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Banis">Five Banis</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_places" title="Category:Sikh places"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Places</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/Panj_Takht" title="Panj Takht"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Takhts</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">Gurdwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmandir_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmandir Sahib">Harmandir Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akal_Takht" title="Akal Takht">Akal Takht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Keshgarh_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib">Keshgarh Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Damdama_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Damdama Sahib">Damdama Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Patna_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Patna Sahib">Patna Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Hazur_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Takht Sri Hazur Sahib">Hazur Sahib</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhism" title="Category:Sikhism">General topics</a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ik_Onkar" title="Ik Onkar">Ik Onkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waheguru" title="Waheguru">Waheguru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panj_Pyare" title="Panj Pyare">Panj Pyare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirgun_and_Sargun_(Sikhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirgun and Sargun (Sikhism)">Nirgun and Sargun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanda_(Sikh_symbol)" title="Khanda (Sikh symbol)">Khanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_literature" title="Category:Sikh literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_music" title="Category:Sikh music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_names" title="Sikh names">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Sikhism" title="Criticism of Sikhism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jathedar_of_Akal_Takht" class="mw-redirect" title="Jathedar of Akal Takht">Jathedar of Akal Takht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharamyudh_(Sikhism)" title="Dharamyudh (Sikhism)">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sects_of_Sikhism" title="Sects of Sikhism">Sects</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Sikhism and other religions</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Sikhism" title="Hinduism and Sikhism">Sikhism and Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Sikhism" title="Islam and Sikhism">Sikhism and Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_and_Sikhism" title="Jainism and Sikhism">Sikhism and Jainism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="border-top:1px solid #FFC600;border-bottom:1px solid #FFC600;padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/16px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/24px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/32px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sikhism_sidebar" title="Template:Sikhism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sikhism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Sikhism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sikhism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sikhism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Guru Har Rai</b> (<a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a>: ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਰਾਇ, pronunciation: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi" title="Help:IPA/Punjabi">[gʊɾuː<span class="wrap"> </span>ɦəɾ<span class="wrap"> </span>ɾaːɪ]</a></span>; 16 January 1630 – 6 October 1661)<sup id="cite_ref-eosghr_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eosghr-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> revered as the <i>seventh <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Nanak</a></i>, was the seventh of ten Gurus of the <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikh</a> religion.<sup id="cite_ref-britharrai_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britharrai-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became the Sikh leader at age 14, on 3 March 1644, after the death of his grandfather and the sixth Sikh leader <a href="/wiki/Guru_Hargobind" title="Guru Hargobind">Guru Hargobind</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mandair2013p50_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mandair2013p50-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He guided the Sikhs for about seventeen years, till his death at age 31.<sup id="cite_ref-Mandair2013p50_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mandair2013p50-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grewal1998p67_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grewal1998p67-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guru Har Rai is notable for maintaining the large army of Sikh soldiers that the sixth Sikh Guru had amassed, yet avoiding military conflict. He supported the moderate Sufi influenced <a href="/wiki/Dara_Shikoh" title="Dara Shikoh">Dara Shikoh</a> instead of conservative <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> influenced <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> as the two brothers entered into a war of succession to the Mughal Empire throne.<sup id="cite_ref-Mandair2013p50_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mandair2013p50-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Aurangzeb won the succession war in 1658, he summoned Guru Har Rai in 1660 to explain his support for the executed Dara Shikoh. Guru Har Rai sent his elder son <a href="/wiki/Ram_Rai" title="Ram Rai">Ram Rai</a> to represent him. Aurangzeb kept Ram Rai as hostage, questioned Ram Rai about a verse in the <a href="/wiki/Adi_Granth" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi Granth">Adi Granth</a> – the holy text of Sikhs at that time. Aurangzeb claimed that it disparaged the Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-britharrai_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britharrai-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grewal1998p67_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grewal1998p67-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ram Rai changed the verse to appease Aurangzeb instead of standing by the Sikh scripture, an act for which Guru Har Rai is remembered for excommunicating his elder son, and nominating his younger son <a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Krishan" title="Guru Har Krishan">Har Krishan</a> to succeed him.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Har Krishan became the eighth Guru at age five after Guru Har Rai's death in 1661.<sup id="cite_ref-britharrai_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britharrai-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guru_Har_Rai&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some Sikh literature spell his name as <b>Hari Rai</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-Singh2014p400_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh2014p400-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some modern Sikhs refer to him as the <b>Green Guru</b> due to the sensitivity he displayed to the natural world.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guru_Har_Rai&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guru Har Rai was born to Ananti (also known as Nihal Kaur) and Baba Gurditta into a <a href="/wiki/Sodhi" title="Sodhi">Sodhi</a> <a href="/wiki/Khatri" title="Khatri">Khatri</a> household. His father died when he was 8 years old. At age 10, in 1640, Guru Har Rai was married to Mata Kishan Kaur (sometimes also referred to as Sulakhni) the daughter of Daya Ram. They had one daughter Rup Kaur<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and two sons, Ram Rai and Har Krishan (the latter of whom became the eighth <a href="/wiki/Sikh_gurus" title="Sikh gurus">Guru)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guru Har Rai had brothers. His elder brother Dhir Mal had gained encouragement and support from <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>, with free land grants and Mughal sponsorship. Dhir Mal attempted to form a parallel Sikh tradition and criticized his grandfather and sixth Guru, Hargobind. The sixth Guru disagreed with Dhir Mal, and designated the younger Har Rai as the successor. </p><p>Authentic literature about Guru Har Rai life and times are scarce, he left no texts of his own and some Sikh texts composed later spell his name as "Hari Rai".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the biographies of Guru Har Rai written in the 18th century such as by Kesar Singh Chhibber, and the 19th-century Sikh literature are highly inconsistent.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dara_Shikoh">Dara Shikoh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guru_Har_Rai&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dara Shikoh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guru Har Rai provided medical care to <a href="/wiki/Dara_Shikoh" title="Dara Shikoh">Dara Shikoh</a>, possibly when he had been poisoned by Mughal operatives.<sup id="cite_ref-britharrai_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britharrai-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mandair2013p50_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mandair2013p50-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Mughal records, Guru Har Rai provided other forms of support to Dara Shikoh as he and his brother Aurangzeb battled for rights to succession. Ultimately, Aurangzeb won, arrested Dara Shikoh and executed him on charges of <a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">apostasy</a> from Islam. In 1660, Aurangzeb summoned Guru Har Rai to appear before him to explain his relationship with Dara Shikoh.<sup id="cite_ref-Mandair2013p50_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mandair2013p50-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Sikh tradition, Guru Har Rai was asked why he was helping the Mughal prince Dara Shikoh whose forefathers had persecuted Sikhs and Sikh Gurus. Guru Har Rai is believed to have replied that if a man plucks flowers with one hand and gives it away using his other hand, both hands get the same fragrance.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Aurangzeb won the succession war in 1658, he summoned Guru Har Rai in 1660 to explain his support for the executed Dara Shikoh. Guru Har Rai sent his elder son Ram Rai to represent him. Aurangzeb kept the 13 year old Ram Rai as hostage, questioned Ram Rai about a verse in the Adi Granth – the holy text of Sikhs. Aurangzeb claimed that it disparaged the Muslims. Ram Rai changed the meanings of the verse to appease Aurangzeb instead of standing by the Sikh scripture, an act for which Guru Har Rai excommunicated his elder son, and nominated the younger Har Krishan to succeed as the next Guru of Sikhism. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence">Influence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guru_Har_Rai&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He started several public singing and scripture recital traditions in Sikhism. The <i>katha</i> or discourse style recitals were added by Guru Har Rai to the <i><a href="/wiki/Shabad_kirtan" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabad kirtan">sabad kirtan</a></i> singing tradition of Sikhs. He also added the <i><a href="/wiki/Akhand_Path" title="Akhand Path">akhand kirtan</a></i> or continuous scripture singing tradition of Sikhism, as well as the tradition of <i>jotian da kirtan</i> or collective folk choral singing of scriptures.<sup id="cite_ref-Singh2014p400_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh2014p400-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reforms">Reforms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guru_Har_Rai&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The third Sikh leader <a href="/wiki/Guru_Amar_Das" title="Guru Amar Das">Guru Amar Das</a> had started the tradition of appointing <i><a href="/wiki/Manji_(Sikhism)" title="Manji (Sikhism)">Manji</a></i> (zones of religious administration with an appointed chief called <i>sangatias</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-cole20_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cole20-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FenechMcLeod2014p29_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FenechMcLeod2014p29-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> introduced the <i><a href="/wiki/Dasvandh" title="Dasvandh">dasvandh</a></i> ("the tenth" of income) system of revenue collection in the name of Guru and as pooled community religious resource,<sup id="cite_ref-Farhadian2015p342_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farhadian2015p342-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the famed <i><a href="/wiki/Langar_(Sikhism)" title="Langar (Sikhism)">langar</a></i> tradition of Sikhism where anyone, without discrimination of any kind, could get a free meal in a communal seating.<sup id="cite_ref-FenechMcLeod2014p29_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FenechMcLeod2014p29-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The organisational structure that had helped Sikhs to grow and resist the Mughal persecution had created new problems for Guru Har Rai. The donation collectors, some of the <a href="/wiki/Masand" title="Masand">Masands</a> (local congregational leaders) led by Dhir Mal – the older brother of Guru Har Rai, all of them encouraged by the support of <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>, land grants and Mughal administration – had attempted to internally split the Sikhs into competing movements, start a parallel guruship, and thereby weaken the Sikh religion. Thus a part of the challenge for Guru<sup id="cite_ref-eosghr_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eosghr-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Har Rai was to keep Sikhs united.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He appointed new masands such as Bhai Jodh, Bhai Gonda, Bhai Nattha, Bhagat Bhagwan (for eastern India), Bhai Pheru (for Rajathan), Bhai Bhagat (also known as Bairagi), as the heads of Manjis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_and_succession">Death and succession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guru_Har_Rai&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Death and succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He appointed his 5-year-old youngest son <a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Krishan" title="Guru Har Krishan">Har Krishan</a> as the eighth Guru of the Sikhs before his death. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_stewardship">Environmental stewardship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guru_Har_Rai&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Environmental stewardship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guru Har Rai is associated in the Sikh tradition for his interest in the natural world.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guru Har Rai taught that the environment should be cared for by Sikhs.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miniature_painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower,_circa_1685.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Miniature_painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower%2C_circa_1685.jpg/220px-Miniature_painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower%2C_circa_1685.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Miniature_painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower%2C_circa_1685.jpg/330px-Miniature_painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower%2C_circa_1685.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Miniature_painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower%2C_circa_1685.jpg/440px-Miniature_painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower%2C_circa_1685.jpg 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Miniature painting of Guru Har Rai holding a flower, circa 1685. Kept in the collection of the mahant of the Ram Rai Darbar complex in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.</figcaption></figure> <p>According to a traditional <i><a href="/wiki/Sakhi" title="Sakhi">sakhi</a></i> (with there existing variations of the same tale), when Guru Har Rai was a youth, he was strolling in a garden when the cloak of his garb happened to break a flower off of its stem after coming into contact with it.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After seeing what had happened, he felt a strong sense of remorse for what had occurred, leading him to carefully ensuring his clothing does not harm any other plants for the rest of his life by being cautious through gathering his clothing while walking.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This story depicts the Guru's sensitivity to harm of flora.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guru Har Rai is said to have participated in hunting much like the previous gurus.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However in-contrast to his predecessors, he never actually killed the animals he hunted but rather kept them in a zoo located in Kiratpur.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicinal_knowledge">Medicinal knowledge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guru_Har_Rai&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Medicinal knowledge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A traditional Sikh garden located in <a href="/wiki/Kiratpur_Sahib" title="Kiratpur Sahib">Kiratpur</a>, known as Naulakha Bagh (meaning "garden of 900,000 plants"), was believed to have been founded and cared for by Guru Har Rai during his guruship period.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was large and contained many <a href="/wiki/Medicinal_plants" title="Medicinal plants">medicinal species of plants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One story narrates that Dara Shikoh was close to death after having been poisoned by tiger whiskers, as per tradition, and the treatments offered by his father, Shah Jahan, failed to absolve his illness.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After trying every treatment with no resolve, Shah Jahan eventually made contact with Guru Har Rai for his assistance, with the latter freely offering it to the Mughal prince.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_12-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guru Har Rai sent medicinal plants to Shah Jahan to treat his son's condition.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_12-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the hostility that existed at that time between the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan and the Sikhs, the Sikh guru still helped the emperor's poisoned son, which is a reflection of Guru Har Rai's far-reaching compassion.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_12-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Salok_Mahalla_Satvaan_(7)"><span id="Salok_Mahalla_Satvaan_.287.29"></span>Salok Mahalla Satvaan (7)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guru_Har_Rai&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Salok Mahalla Satvaan (7)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The common Sikh belief is that Guru Hargobind, Guru Har Rai and Guru Harkrishan did not contribute to any Bani at all.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is not entirely true as Guru Har Rai is said to have written the Salok Mahalla Satvaan.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This mahalla is in the Kiratpuri Bir of the Guru Granth Sahib. Although it is clearly marked as a composition of Guru Har Rai the seventh Mina Guru Miharban also used the marker leaving open the possibility of mistaken attribution.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Salok does not appear in any of the texts containing the writings of Miharban. At the same time no text about the Sikh Gurus lives reference Guru Har Rai writing Bani.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It cannot therefore be securely attributed to Guru Har Rai. Gurus each had their own way of starting poems or couplets.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guru Har Rai's was: <i>Through the voice of Har Rai, the Guru.</i><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guru_Har_Rai&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, 14 March was the date selected to celebrate Sikh Environment Day because it was the anniversary date of Guru Har Rai's <i><a href="/wiki/Guru_Gaddi" title="Guru Gaddi">gurgaddi</a></i> (ascension to the guruship).<sup id="cite_ref-:02_12-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, the president of EcoSikh described Guru Har Rai as the "green guru", emphasizing the Sikh guru's close-bond with nature, in a press-release statement.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_12-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guru_Har_Rai&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013, a painting by Rahi Mohinder Singh was gifted to <a href="/wiki/EcoSikh" title="EcoSikh">EcoSikh</a> which depicts Guru Har Rai giving a tree to a petitioner to plant, however the tree species portrayed in the painting is an <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalyptus</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">non-native species</a> that was not found during the lifetime of Guru Har Rai, making the painting <a href="/wiki/Anachronism" title="Anachronism">anachronistic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_12-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guru_Har_Rai&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guru_Hargobind_with_his_grandson,_the_young_Guru_Har_Rai.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guru Hargobind (right) with his grandson, the young Har Rai (left)."><img alt="Guru Hargobind (right) with his grandson, the young Har Rai (left)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Guru_Hargobind_with_his_grandson%2C_the_young_Guru_Har_Rai.jpg/89px-Guru_Hargobind_with_his_grandson%2C_the_young_Guru_Har_Rai.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Guru_Hargobind_with_his_grandson%2C_the_young_Guru_Har_Rai.jpg/134px-Guru_Hargobind_with_his_grandson%2C_the_young_Guru_Har_Rai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Guru_Hargobind_with_his_grandson%2C_the_young_Guru_Har_Rai.jpg/179px-Guru_Hargobind_with_his_grandson%2C_the_young_Guru_Har_Rai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="804" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Guru_Hargobind" title="Guru Hargobind">Guru Hargobind</a> (right) with his grandson, the young Har Rai (left).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower,_kept_in_the_Sursinghwala_collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guru Har Rai, Pahari painting."><img alt="Guru Har Rai, Pahari painting." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower%2C_kept_in_the_Sursinghwala_collection.jpg/77px-Painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower%2C_kept_in_the_Sursinghwala_collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower%2C_kept_in_the_Sursinghwala_collection.jpg/115px-Painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower%2C_kept_in_the_Sursinghwala_collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower%2C_kept_in_the_Sursinghwala_collection.jpg/154px-Painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower%2C_kept_in_the_Sursinghwala_collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Guru Har Rai, Pahari painting.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower,_kept_in_the_Bhai_Rupa_Chand_collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait of Guru Har Rai holding a blue flower"><img alt="Portrait of Guru Har Rai holding a blue flower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower%2C_kept_in_the_Bhai_Rupa_Chand_collection.jpg/70px-Painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower%2C_kept_in_the_Bhai_Rupa_Chand_collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower%2C_kept_in_the_Bhai_Rupa_Chand_collection.jpg/105px-Painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower%2C_kept_in_the_Bhai_Rupa_Chand_collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower%2C_kept_in_the_Bhai_Rupa_Chand_collection.jpg/140px-Painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower%2C_kept_in_the_Bhai_Rupa_Chand_collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portrait of Guru Har Rai holding a blue flower</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guru_Har_Rai_painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guru Har Rai, the Seventh Guru (ca.1800–1825 Pahari painting)"><img alt="Guru Har Rai, the Seventh Guru (ca.1800–1825 Pahari painting)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Guru_Har_Rai_painting.jpg/90px-Guru_Har_Rai_painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Guru_Har_Rai_painting.jpg/134px-Guru_Har_Rai_painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Guru_Har_Rai_painting.jpg/179px-Guru_Har_Rai_painting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Guru Har Rai, the Seventh Guru (ca.1800–1825 Pahari painting)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guru_Har_Rai&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sgrrdarbar.org/history.aspx">"History - Darbar Shri Guru Ram Rai Ji Maharaj - Dehradun"</a>. <i>www.sgrrdarbar.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sgrrdarbar.org&rft.atitle=History+-+Darbar+Shri+Guru+Ram+Rai+Ji+Maharaj+-+Dehradun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sgrrdarbar.org%2Fhistory.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Sri Gur Panth Prakash" by Rattan Singh Bhangoo:</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Sri Gur Sobha" by Sainapati</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bhai Gurdas Vaaran</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Gurbilas Patshahi 6" by Koer Singh</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eosghr-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eosghr_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eosghr_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhagat_Singh" class="citation web cs1">Bhagat Singh. Harbans Singh; et al. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiE-l/page/n275">"Har Rai, Guru (1630–1661)"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia of Sikhism</i>. Punjabi University Patiala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Sikhism&rft.atitle=Har+Rai%2C+Guru+%281630%E2%80%931661%29&rft.au=Bhagat+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FTheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiE-l%2Fpage%2Fn275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britharrai-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britharrai_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britharrai_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britharrai_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britharrai_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Har-Rai">Har Rai: Sikh Guru</a>, Encyclopedia Britannica (2015)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mandair2013p50-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mandair2013p50_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mandair2013p50_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mandair2013p50_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mandair2013p50_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mandair2013p50_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArvind-Pal_Singh_Mandair2013" class="citation book cs1">Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vdhLAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA50"><i>Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 50–51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-0231-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-0231-7"><bdi>978-1-4411-0231-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sikhism%3A+A+Guide+for+the+Perplexed&rft.pages=50-51&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-0231-7&rft.au=Arvind-Pal+Singh+Mandair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvdhLAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grewal1998p67-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grewal1998p67_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grewal1998p67_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._S._Grewal1998" class="citation book cs1">J. S. Grewal (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sikhsofpunjab0000grew"><i>The Sikhs of the Punjab</i></a></span>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sikhsofpunjab0000grew/page/67">67</a>–69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-63764-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-63764-0"><bdi>978-0-521-63764-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sikhs+of+the+Punjab&rft.pages=67-69&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-521-63764-0&rft.au=J.+S.+Grewal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsikhsofpunjab0000grew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Owen_ColePiara_Singh_Sambhi1995" class="citation book cs1">William Owen Cole; Piara Singh Sambhi (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zIC_MgJ5RMUC&pg=PA33"><i>The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices</i></a>. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 33–34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-898723-13-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-898723-13-4"><bdi>978-1-898723-13-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sikhs%3A+Their+Religious+Beliefs+and+Practices&rft.pages=33-34&rft.pub=Sussex+Academic+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-898723-13-4&rft.au=William+Owen+Cole&rft.au=Piara+Singh+Sambhi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzIC_MgJ5RMUC%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singh2014p400-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Singh2014p400_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Singh2014p400_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPashaura_SinghLouis_E._Fenech2014" class="citation book cs1">Pashaura Singh; Louis E. Fenech (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ"><i>The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 400. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-969930-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-969930-8"><bdi>978-0-19-969930-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Sikh+Studies&rft.pages=400&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-969930-8&rft.au=Pashaura+Singh&rft.au=Louis+E.+Fenech&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8I0NAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_12-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_12-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_12-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_12-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_12-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_12-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_12-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_12-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_12-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_12-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrill2014" class="citation book cs1">Prill, Susan E. (27 March 2014). "19. Ecotheology". In Singh, Pashaura; Fenech, Louis E. (eds.). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. 223–234. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191004117" title="Special:BookSources/9780191004117"><bdi>9780191004117</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=19.+Ecotheology&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Sikh+Studies&rft.pages=223-234&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014-03-27&rft.isbn=9780191004117&rft.aulast=Prill&rft.aufirst=Susan+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harjinder Singh Dilgeer: Sikh History in 10 Volumes. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._S._Grewal1998" class="citation book cs1">J. S. Grewal (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sikhsofpunjab0000grew"><i>The Sikhs of the Punjab</i></a></span>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sikhsofpunjab0000grew/page/62">62</a>–63, 67–69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-63764-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-63764-0"><bdi>978-0-521-63764-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sikhs+of+the+Punjab&rft.pages=62-63%2C+67-69&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-521-63764-0&rft.au=J.+S.+Grewal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsikhsofpunjab0000grew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLouis_E._FenechW._H._McLeod2014" class="citation book cs1">Louis E. Fenech; W. H. McLeod (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA148"><i>Historical Dictionary of Sikhism</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-3601-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-3601-1"><bdi>978-1-4422-3601-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Sikhism&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-3601-1&rft.au=Louis+E.+Fenech&rft.au=W.+H.+McLeod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxajcAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPashaura_SinghLouis_E._Fenech2014" class="citation book cs1">Pashaura Singh; Louis E. Fenech (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ"><i>The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-969930-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-969930-8"><bdi>978-0-19-969930-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Sikh+Studies&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-969930-8&rft.au=Pashaura+Singh&rft.au=Louis+E.+Fenech&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8I0NAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSurjit_Singh_Gandhi2007" class="citation book cs1">Surjit Singh Gandhi (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vZFBp89UInUC&pg=PA590"><i>History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606–1708 C.E</i></a>. Atlantic Publishers. pp. 590–591 with note 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0858-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0858-5"><bdi>978-81-269-0858-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Sikh+Gurus+Retold%3A+1606%E2%80%931708+C.E&rft.pages=590-591+with+note+2&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-269-0858-5&rft.au=Surjit+Singh+Gandhi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvZFBp89UInUC%26pg%3DPA590&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArvind-Pal_Singh_Mandair2013" class="citation book cs1">Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vdhLAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA226"><i>Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 226 with note 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-0231-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-0231-7"><bdi>978-1-4411-0231-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sikhism%3A+A+Guide+for+the+Perplexed&rft.pages=226+with+note+7&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-0231-7&rft.au=Arvind-Pal+Singh+Mandair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvdhLAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cole20-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cole20_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Owen_ColePiara_Singh_Sambhi1995" class="citation book cs1">William Owen Cole; Piara Singh Sambhi (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zIC_MgJ5RMUC&pg=PA22"><i>The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices</i></a>. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 20–21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-898723-13-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-898723-13-4"><bdi>978-1-898723-13-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sikhs%3A+Their+Religious+Beliefs+and+Practices&rft.pages=20-21&rft.pub=Sussex+Academic+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-898723-13-4&rft.au=William+Owen+Cole&rft.au=Piara+Singh+Sambhi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzIC_MgJ5RMUC%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FenechMcLeod2014p29-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FenechMcLeod2014p29_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FenechMcLeod2014p29_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLouis_E._FenechW._H._McLeod2014" class="citation book cs1">Louis E. Fenech; W. H. McLeod (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA29"><i>Historical Dictionary of Sikhism</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 29–30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-3601-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-3601-1"><bdi>978-1-4422-3601-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Sikhism&rft.pages=29-30&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-3601-1&rft.au=Louis+E.+Fenech&rft.au=W.+H.+McLeod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxajcAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Farhadian2015p342-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Farhadian2015p342_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_E._Farhadian2015" class="citation book cs1">Charles E. Farhadian (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5VV-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT342"><i>Introducing World Religions</i></a>. Baker Academic. p. 342. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4412-4650-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4412-4650-9"><bdi>978-1-4412-4650-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introducing+World+Religions&rft.pages=342&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4412-4650-9&rft.au=Charles+E.+Farhadian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5VV-BAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSurjit_Singh_Gandhi2007" class="citation book cs1">Surjit Singh Gandhi (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qw7-kUkHA_0C&pg=PA365"><i>History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1469–1606 C.E</i></a>. Atlantic Publishers. pp. 365–367. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0857-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0857-8"><bdi>978-81-269-0857-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Sikh+Gurus+Retold%3A+1469%E2%80%931606+C.E&rft.pages=365-367&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-269-0857-8&rft.au=Surjit+Singh+Gandhi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqw7-kUkHA_0C%26pg%3DPA365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H5cQH17-HnMC&pg=PA345"><i>Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. 2004. p. 345. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-355-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-355-1"><bdi>978-1-57607-355-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holy+People+of+the+World%3A+A+Cross-cultural+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=345&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-355-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH5cQH17-HnMC%26pg%3DPA345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2009" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Sardar Harjeet (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fleka3YEE8sC&q=a+couplet+attributed+to+Guru+Har+Rai&pg=PA100"><i>Faith & Philosophy of Sikhism</i></a>. Gyan Publishing House. pp. 103–104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7835-721-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7835-721-8"><bdi>978-81-7835-721-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faith+%26+Philosophy+of+Sikhism&rft.pages=103-104&rft.pub=Gyan+Publishing+House&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-81-7835-721-8&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Sardar+Harjeet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfleka3YEE8sC%26q%3Da%2Bcouplet%2Battributed%2Bto%2BGuru%2BHar%2BRai%26pg%3DPA100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Faith and Philosophy of Sikhism Pg.103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2009" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Sardar Harjeet (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fleka3YEE8sC&q=a+couplet+attributed+to+Guru+Har+Rai&pg=PA100"><i>Faith & Philosophy of Sikhism</i></a>. Gyan Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7835-721-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7835-721-8"><bdi>978-81-7835-721-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faith+%26+Philosophy+of+Sikhism&rft.pub=Gyan+Publishing+House&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-81-7835-721-8&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Sardar+Harjeet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfleka3YEE8sC%26q%3Da%2Bcouplet%2Battributed%2Bto%2BGuru%2BHar%2BRai%26pg%3DPA100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2003" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Pashaura (26 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aiwpDwAAQBAJ&q=a+couplet+attributed+to+Guru+Har+Rai&pg=PT212"><i>The Guru Granth Sahib: Canon, Meaning and Authority</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-908773-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-908773-0"><bdi>978-0-19-908773-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Guru+Granth+Sahib%3A+Canon%2C+Meaning+and+Authority&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003-09-26&rft.isbn=978-0-19-908773-0&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Pashaura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaiwpDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Da%2Bcouplet%2Battributed%2Bto%2BGuru%2BHar%2BRai%26pg%3DPT212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guru_Har_Rai&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacauliffe,_M.A.1909" class="citation book cs1">Macauliffe, M.A. (1909). <i>The Sikh Religion: Its Gurus Sacred Writings and Authors</i>. Low Price Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7536-132-8" title="Special:BookSources/81-7536-132-8"><bdi>81-7536-132-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sikh+Religion%3A+Its+Gurus+Sacred+Writings+and+Authors&rft.pub=Low+Price+Publications&rft.date=1909&rft.isbn=81-7536-132-8&rft.au=Macauliffe%2C+M.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh,_Khushwant1963" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Khushwant (1963). <i>A History of the Sikhs: 1469-1839 Vol.1 (2nd ed.)</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-567308-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-567308-5"><bdi>0-19-567308-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Sikhs%3A+1469-1839+Vol.1+%282nd+ed.%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=0-19-567308-5&rft.au=Singh%2C+Khushwant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuru+Har+Rai" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guru_Har_Rai&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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Shri Guru Har Rai Village Bhungarni</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Guru_Hargobind" title="Guru Hargobind">Guru Hargobind</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Sikh_gurus" title="Sikh gurus">Sikh Guru</a> </b><br />3 March 1644 – 6 October 1661 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Krishan" title="Guru Har Krishan">Guru Har Krishan</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_practices" title="Category:Sikh practices">Practices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_practices" title="Sikh practices">Sikh practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_rites" title="Sikh rites">Sikh rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard%C4%81s" title="Ardās">Ardās</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kirtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langar_(Sikhism)" title="Langar (Sikhism)">Langar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naam_Karan" title="Naam Karan">Naam Karan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Karaj" title="Anand Karaj">Anand Karaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Sanchar" class="mw-redirect" title="Amrit Sanchar">Amrit Sanchar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Vel%C4%81" title="Amrit Velā">Amrit Velā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antam_Sanskar" title="Antam Sanskar">Antam Sanskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_pillars_of_Sikhism" title="Three pillars of Sikhism">Three Pillars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Karo" title="Kirat Karo">Kirat Karo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naam_Japo" title="Naam Japo">Naam Japo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vand_Chhako" title="Vand Chhako">Vand Chhako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Five_Ks" class="mw-redirect" title="The Five Ks">The Five Ks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simran" title="Simran">Simran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seva_(Indian_religions)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seva (Indian religions)">Sewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charhdi_Kala" class="mw-redirect" title="Charhdi Kala">Charhdi Kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasvand" class="mw-redirect" title="Dasvand">Dasvand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhatka" title="Jhatka">Jhatka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_scripture" title="Category:Sikh scripture">Scripture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasam_Granth" title="Dasam Granth">Dasam Granth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarbloh_Granth" title="Sarbloh Granth">Sarbloh Granth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurbani" title="Gurbani">Gurbani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mul_Mantar" title="Mul Mantar">Mul Mantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japji_Sahib" title="Japji Sahib">Japji Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaupai_(Sikhism)" title="Chaupai (Sikhism)">Chaupai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaap_Sahib" title="Jaap Sahib">Jaap Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehras" title="Rehras">Rehras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhmani_Sahib" title="Sukhmani Sahib">Sukhmani Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tav-Prasad_Savaiye" class="mw-redirect" title="Tav-Prasad Savaiye">Tav-Prasad Savaiye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_architecture" title="Sikh architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">Gurdwara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Temple" title="Golden Temple">Harmandir Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Janam_Asthan" title="Gurdwara Janam Asthan">Janam Asthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Darbar_Sahib_Kartarpur" title="Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur">Darbar Sahib Kartarpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gurdwaras" title="List of gurdwaras">List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gurdwaras#Africa" title="List of gurdwaras">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gurdwaras#Asia" title="List of gurdwaras">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gurdwaras#Europe" title="List of gurdwaras">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gurdwaras#North_America" title="List of gurdwaras">North America</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadurgarh_Fort" title="Bahadurgarh Fort">Bahadurgarh Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fateh_Burj" title="Fateh Burj">Fateh Burj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazuri_Bagh_Baradari" title="Hazuri Bagh Baradari">Hazuri Bagh Baradari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesgarh_Qila" class="mw-redirect" title="Kesgarh Qila">Kesgarh Qila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanda_museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanda museum">Khanda museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moti_Bagh_Palace" title="Moti Bagh Palace">Moti Bagh Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanak_Shahi_bricks" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanak Shahi bricks">Nanak Shahi bricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pul_Kanjri" title="Pul Kanjri">Pul Kanjri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qila_Mubarak,_Patiala" title="Qila Mubarak, Patiala">Qila Mubarak, Patiala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramgarhia_Bunga" title="Ramgarhia Bunga">Ramgarhia Bunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh" title="Samadhi of Ranjit Singh">Samadhi of Ranjit Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_of_Dina_Nath" title="Well of Dina Nath">Well of Dina Nath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_by_country" title="Sikhism by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_diaspora" title="Sikh diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Afghanistan" title="Sikhism in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Australia" title="Sikhism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Austria" title="Sikhism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Bangladesh" title="Sikhism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Belgium" title="Sikhism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Canada" title="Sikhism in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Greater_Vancouver" title="Sikhism in Greater Vancouver">Vancouver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_China" title="Sikhism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Denmark" title="Sikhism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Fiji" title="Sikhism in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Finland" title="Sikhism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_France" title="Sikhism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Germany" title="Sikhism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Greece" title="Sikhism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_India" title="Sikhism in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Sikhism in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Sikhs" title="Cochin Sikhs">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Punjab,_India#Sikhism_in_Punjab" title="Demographics of Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Indonesia" title="Sikhism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Iran" title="Sikhism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Iraq" title="Sikhism in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Italy" title="Sikhism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Japan" title="Sikhism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Malaysia" title="Sikhism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Nepal" title="Sikhism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Sikhism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_New_Zealand" title="Sikhism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikhism in Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Norway" title="Sikhism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Pakistan" title="Sikhism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Panama" title="Sikhism in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Poland" title="Sikhism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Singapore" title="Sikhism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_South_Africa" title="Sikhism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_South_Korea" title="Sikhism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Sweden" title="Sikhism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Switzerland" title="Sikhism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Thailand" title="Sikhism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Sikhism in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Sikhism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_England" title="Sikhism in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Scotland" title="Sikhism in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Wales" title="Sikhism in Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Sikhism in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_States" title="Sikhism in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikhs_in_the_United_States_military" title="Sikhs in the United States military">U.S. Military</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Groups, sects<br />and communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sects_of_Sikhism" title="Sects of Sikhism">Sects of Sikhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mina_(Sikhism)" title="Mina (Sikhism)">Mina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdhari" title="Namdhari">Namdhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanakpanthi" title="Nanakpanthi">Nanakpanthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihang" title="Nihang">Nihang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirankari" title="Nirankari">Nirankari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewapanthi" title="Sewapanthi">Sewapanthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_(sect)" title="Nirmala (sect)">Nirmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramraiya" title="Ramraiya">Ramraiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udasi" title="Udasi">Udasi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhabi_Sikh" title="Mazhabi Sikh">Mazhabi Sikh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piara_Singh_Bhaniara" title="Piara Singh Bhaniara">Piara Singh Bhaniara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrahari_Sikh" title="Agrahari Sikh">Agrahari Sikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatha" title="Jatha">Jatha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damdami_Taksal" title="Damdami Taksal">Damdami Taksal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhand_Kirtani_Jatha" title="Akhand Kirtani Jatha">Akhand Kirtani Jatha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singh_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Singh Sabha">Singh Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Sant_Mat_movements" title="Contemporary Sant Mat movements">Contemporary Sant Mat movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3HO" title="3HO">3HO</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sikh_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC600"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sikh_Empire" title="Template:Sikh Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sikh_Empire" title="Template talk:Sikh Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sikh_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sikh Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sikh_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Rulers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" title="Ranjit Singh">Ranjit Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharak_Singh" title="Kharak Singh">Kharak Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nau_Nihal_Singh" title="Nau Nihal Singh">Nau Nihal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chand_Kaur" title="Chand Kaur">Chand Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Singh" title="Sher Singh">Sher Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jind_Kaur" title="Jind Kaur">Jind Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duleep_Singh" title="Duleep Singh">Duleep Singh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Military<br />conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mughal-Sikh_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal-Sikh Wars">Mughal-Sikh Wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bhangani" title="Battle of Bhangani">Battle of Bhangani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nadaun" title="Battle of Nadaun">Nadaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basoli" title="Battle of Basoli">Basoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Anandpur" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Anandpur">1st Anandpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Anandpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Anandpur">2nd Anandpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chamkaur_(1704)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Chamkaur (1704)">Chamkaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarsa" title="Battle of Sarsa">Sarsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muktsar" title="Battle of Muktsar">Muktsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sonepat" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sonepat">Sonepat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samana" title="Battle of Samana">Samana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sirhind" title="Siege of Sirhind">Sirhind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sadhaura" title="Battle of Sadhaura">Sadhaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chappar_Chiri" title="Battle of Chappar Chiri">Chappar Chiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rahon_(1710)" title="Battle of Rahon (1710)">Rahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lohgarh" title="Battle of Lohgarh">Lohgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jalalabad_(1710)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jalalabad (1710)">Jalalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jammu" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jammu">Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gurdas_Nangal" title="Battle of Gurdas Nangal">Gurdas Nangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delhi_(1783)" title="Battle of Delhi (1783)">Delhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afghan%E2%80%93Sikh_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan–Sikh wars">Afghan–Sikh wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attock" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Attock">Battle of Attock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Multan" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Multan">Battle of Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shopian" title="Battle of Shopian">Battle of Shopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nowshera" title="Battle of Nowshera">Battle of Nowshera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peshawar_(1834)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Peshawar (1834)">Battle of Peshawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jamrud" title="Battle of Jamrud">Battle of Jamrud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mudki" title="Battle of Mudki">Battle of Mudki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ferozeshah" title="Battle of Ferozeshah">Battle of Ferozeshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aliwal" title="Battle of Aliwal">Battle of Aliwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sobraon" title="Battle of Sobraon">Battle of Sobraon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramnagar" title="Battle of Ramnagar">Battle of Ramnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chillianwala" title="Battle of Chillianwala">Battle of Chillianwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Multan_(1848%E2%80%931849)" title="Siege of Multan (1848–1849)">Siege of Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gujrat" title="Battle of Gujrat">Battle of Gujrat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nepal%E2%80%93Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal–Sikh War">Nepal–Sikh War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dogra%E2%80%93Tibetan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogra–Tibetan War">Sino-Sikh war</a>, Katoch–Sikh War, <a href="/wiki/Hill_States%E2%80%93Sikh_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill States–Sikh Wars">Hill States–Sikh Wars</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panchayati_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panchayati Revolution (page does not exist)">Panchayati Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_involving_the_Sikh_Empire" title="List of battles involving the Sikh Empire">List of battles involving the Sikh Empire</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Military forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Khalsa_Army" title="Sikh Khalsa Army">Sikh Khalsa Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauj-i-Khas" title="Fauj-i-Khas">Fauj-i-Khas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauj-i-Ain" title="Fauj-i-Ain">Fauj-i-Ain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampu-i-mu%27alla" title="Kampu-i-mu'alla">Kampu-i-mu'alla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Adversaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Emirate of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">British East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_States_of_India" title="Hill States of India">Hill States Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mankera" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Mankera">Kingdom of Mankera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namgyal_dynasty_of_Ladakh" title="Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh">Namgyal dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barakzai_dynasty" title="Barakzai dynasty">Barakzai dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhan" title="Sudhan">Sudhans</a> of Poonch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqpon_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqpon Dynasty">Maqpon Dynasty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamrud_Fort" title="Jamrud Fort">Jamrud Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multan_Fort" title="Multan Fort">Multan Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harkishangarh" class="mw-redirect" title="Harkishangarh">Harkishangarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorawar_Fort" title="Zorawar Fort">Zorawar Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahu_Fort" title="Bahu Fort">Bahu Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobindgarh_Fort" title="Gobindgarh Fort">Gobindgarh Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillaur_Fort" title="Phillaur Fort">Phillaur Fort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Officials and warriors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Natives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhian_Singh" title="Dhian Singh">Dhian Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Dina_Nath" title="Diwan Dina Nath">Diwan Dina Nath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Bhawani_Das" title="Diwan Bhawani Das">Diwan Bhawani Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Buta_Singh" title="Diwan Buta Singh">Diwan Buta Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratap_Singh_(Sikh_prince)" title="Pratap Singh (Sikh prince)">Pratap Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misr_Diwan_Chand" title="Misr Diwan Chand">Misr Diwan Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Mulraj_Chopra" title="Diwan Mulraj Chopra">Diwan Mulraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Singh_Nalwa" title="Hari Singh Nalwa">Hari Singh Nalwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahan_Singh_Mirpuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahan Singh Mirpuri">Mahan Singh Mirpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Mokham_Chand" title="Dewan Mokham Chand">Dewan Mokham Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushal_Singh_Jamadar" title="Khushal Singh Jamadar">Khushal Singh Jamadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorawar_Singh_(Dogra_general)" title="Zorawar Singh (Dogra general)">Zorawar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tej_Singh" title="Tej Singh">Tej Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Singh" title="Lal Singh">Lal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulab_Singh" title="Gulab Singh">Gulab Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbhadra_Kunwar" title="Balbhadra Kunwar">Balbhadra Kunwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawahar_Singh_(wazir)" title="Jawahar Singh (wazir)">Jawahar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehta_Basti_Ram" title="Mehta Basti Ram">Mehta Basti Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sham_Singh_Attariwalla" class="mw-redirect" title="Sham Singh Attariwalla">Sham Singh Attariwalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Singh_Attariwalla" title="Sher Singh Attariwalla">Sher Singh Attariwalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattar_Singh_Attariwalla" title="Chattar Singh Attariwalla">Chattar Singh Attariwalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Singh_Majithia" title="Amar Singh Majithia">Amar Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehna_Singh_Majithia" title="Lehna Singh Majithia">Lehna Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjodh_Singh_Majithia" title="Ranjodh Singh Majithia">Ranjodh Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat_Singh" title="Surat Singh">Surat Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_Singh_Ramgarhia" title="Mangal Singh Ramgarhia">Mangal Singh Ramgarhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akali_Phula_Singh" title="Akali Phula Singh">Akali Phula Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandu_Lal" title="Chandu Lal">Chandu Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajit_Singh_Sandhawalia" title="Ajit Singh Sandhawalia">Ajit Singh Sandhawalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahan_Singh_Nakai" title="Kahan Singh Nakai">Kahan Singh Nakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangat_Singh_Saini" title="Sangat Singh Saini">Sangat Singh Saini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Hukma_Singh" title="Sardar Hukma Singh">Hukma Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veer_Singh_Dhillon" title="Veer Singh Dhillon">Veer Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarnail_Ghaus_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jarnail Ghaus Khan">Jarnail Ghaus Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilahi_Bakhsh" title="Ilahi Bakhsh">Ilahi Bakhsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakir_Azizuddin" title="Fakir Azizuddin">Fakir Azizuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Mahmud_Khan" title="Sultan Mahmud Khan">Sultan Mahmud Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Fateh_Khan_Tiwana" title="Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana">Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohan_Lal_Suri" title="Sohan Lal Suri">Sohan Lal Suri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moti_Ram" title="Moti Ram">Moti Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Ram_Dayal" title="Diwan Ram Dayal">Diwan Ram Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Kirpa_Ram" title="Diwan Kirpa Ram">Diwan Kirpa Ram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Foreigners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Allard" title="Jean-François Allard">Jean-François Allard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Ventura" title="Jean-Baptiste Ventura">Jean-Baptiste Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Auguste_Court" title="Claude Auguste Court">Claude Auguste Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Henri_Mouton" title="François Henri Mouton">François Henri Mouton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gardner_(soldier)" title="Alexander Gardner (soldier)">Alexander Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Avitabile" title="Paolo Avitabile">Paolo Avitabile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Harlan" title="Josiah Harlan">Josiah Harlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Martin_Honigberger" title="Johann Martin Honigberger">Johann Martin Honigberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lawrence_(Indian_Army_officer)" title="Henry Lawrence (Indian Army officer)">Henry Lawrence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Influential families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sandhawalia" title="Sandhawalia">Sandhawalia family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majithia_family" title="Majithia family">Majithia family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwana_family_of_Shahpur" title="Tiwana family of Shahpur">Tiwana family</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amritsar_(1809)" title="Treaty of Amritsar (1809)">Treaty of Amritsar (1809)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Treaty_(1838)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripartite Treaty (1838)">Tripartite Treaty (1838)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Chushul" title="Treaty of Chushul">Treaty of Chushul (1842)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lahore" title="Treaty of Lahore">Treaty of Lahore (1846)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amritsar_(1846)" title="Treaty of Amritsar (1846)">Treaty of Amritsar (1846)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa_Darbar_records" title="Khalsa Darbar records">Khalsa Darbar records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandi_Chhor_Divas" title="Bandi Chhor Divas">Bandi Chhor Divas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hola_Mohalla" title="Hola Mohalla">Hola Mohalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghi" title="Maghi">Maghi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mela_Maghi" title="Mela Maghi">Mela Maghi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhism" title="Category:Sikhism">Other topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sikhism" title="History of Sikhism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_culture" title="Sikh culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_art" title="Sikh art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_music" title="Sikh music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ik_Onkar" title="Ik Onkar">Ik Onkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waheguru" title="Waheguru">Waheguru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanda_(Sikh_symbol)" title="Khanda (Sikh symbol)">Khanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panj_Pyare" title="Panj Pyare">Panj Pyare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_Sikhism" title="Category:Films about Sikhism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_literature" title="Category:Sikh literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_music" title="Category:Sikh music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_names" title="Sikh names">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_places" title="Category:Sikh places">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_politics" title="Category:Sikh politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhs_in_the_British_Indian_Army" title="Sikhs in the British Indian Army">Sikhs in the British Indian Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11th_Sikh_Regiment" title="11th Sikh Regiment">11th Sikh Regiment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Regiment" title="Sikh Regiment">Sikh Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Light_Infantry" title="Sikh Light Infantry">Sikh Light Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fariduddin_Ganjshakar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fariduddin Ganjshakar">Fariduddin Ganjshakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar" title="Sardar">Sardar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dastar" title="Dastar">Dastar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharamyudh_(Sikhism)" title="Dharamyudh (Sikhism)">Dharamyudh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Sikhism" title="Islam and Sikhism">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_and_Sikhism" title="Jainism and Sikhism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Sikhism" title="Hinduism and Sikhism">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rama_in_Sikhism" title="Rama in Sikhism">Rama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhs" title="Category:Sikhs">Sikhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidassia" title="Ravidassia">Ravidassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Sikhism" title="Women in Sikhism">Women in Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_and_sexual_orientation" title="Sikhism and sexual orientation">Sikhism and sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_Sikhism" title="Category:Fiction about Sikhism">In Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idolatry_in_Sikhism" title="Idolatry in Sikhism">Idolatry in Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Sikhism" title="Criticism of Sikhism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Punjab">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi language</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurmukhi script">Gurmukhī</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_trees_in_Sikhism" title="Sacred trees in Sikhism">Sacred trees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panj_Takht" title="Panj Takht">Takht</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akal_Takht" title="Akal Takht">Akal Takht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Damdama_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Damdama Sahib">Damdama Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Kesgarh_Sahib" title="Takht Kesgarh Sahib">Kesgarh Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazur_Sahib_Nanded" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazur Sahib Nanded">Hazur Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Patna_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Patna Sahib">Patna Sahib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC600;font-weight:bold;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Sikhism" title="Outline of Sikhism">Outline</a> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhism" title="Category:Sikhism">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q630106#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q630106#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q630106#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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