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Noorani</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: M. S. M. Noorani"> <meta name="keywords" content="M. S. M. Noorani"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="M. 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S. M. Noorani"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 9</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: M. S. M. Noorani</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Some Results on Cluster Synchronization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahed%20Vahedi">Shahed Vahedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Salmi%20Md%20Noorani"> Mohd Salmi Md Noorani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates cluster synchronization phenomena between community networks. We focus on the situation where a variety of dynamics occur in the clusters. In particular, we show that different synchronization states simultaneously occur between the networks. The controller is designed having an adaptive control gain, and theoretical results are derived via Lyapunov stability. Simulations on well-known dynamical systems are provided to elucidate our results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster%20synchronization" title="cluster synchronization">cluster synchronization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20control" title=" adaptive control"> adaptive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20network" title=" community network"> community network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28916/some-results-on-cluster-synchronization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> An Alternative Proof for the Topological Entropy of the Motzkin Shift</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20Alsharari">Fahad Alsharari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Salmi%20Md.%20Noorani"> Mohd Salmi Md. Noorani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Motzkin shift is a mathematical model for constraints on genetic sequences. In terms of the theory of symbolic dynamics, the Motzkin shift is nonsofic, and therefore, we cannot use the Perron-Frobenius theory to calculate its topological entropy. The Motzkin shift M(M,N) which comes from language theory, is defined to be the shift system over an alphabet A that consists of N negative symbols, N positive symbols and M neutral symbols. For an x in the full shift AZ, x is in M(M,N) if and only if every finite block appearing in x has a non-zero reduced form. Therefore, the constraint for x cannot be bounded in length. K. Inoue has shown that the entropy of the Motzkin shift M(M,N) is log(M + N + 1). In this paper, we find a new method of calculating the topological entropy of the Motzkin shift M(M,N) without any measure theoretical discussion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title="entropy">entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motzkin%20shift" title=" Motzkin shift"> Motzkin shift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title=" mathematical model"> mathematical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theory" title=" theory "> theory </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21271/an-alternative-proof-for-the-topological-entropy-of-the-motzkin-shift" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Control of Underactuated Biped Robots Using Event Based Fuzzy Partial Feedback Linearization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omid%20Heydarnia">Omid Heydarnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Allahverdizadeh"> Akbar Allahverdizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behnam%20Dadashzadeh"> Behnam Dadashzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Sayyed%20Noorani"> M. R. Sayyed Noorani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Underactuated biped robots control is one of the interesting topics in robotics. The main difficulties are its highly nonlinear dynamics, open-loop instability, and discrete event at the end of the gait. One of the methods to control underactuated systems is the partial feedback linearization, but it is not robust against uncertainties and disturbances that restrict its performance to control biped walking and running. In this paper, fuzzy partial feedback linearization is presented to overcome its drawback. Numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed method to generate stable and robust biped walking and running gaits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underactuated%20system" title="underactuated system">underactuated system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biped%20robot" title=" biped robot"> biped robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20control" title=" fuzzy control"> fuzzy control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20feedback%20linearization" title=" partial feedback linearization"> partial feedback linearization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53744/control-of-underactuated-biped-robots-using-event-based-fuzzy-partial-feedback-linearization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Projective Lag Synchronization in Drive-Response Dynamical Networks via Hybrid Feedback Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Salmi%20Md%20Noorani">Mohd Salmi Md Noorani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20Al-Mahbashi"> Ghada Al-Mahbashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakhinah%20Abu%20Bakar"> Sakhinah Abu Bakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates projective lag synchronization (PLS) behavior in drive response dynamical networks (DRDNs) model with identical nodes. A hybrid feedback control method is designed to achieve the PLS with mismatch and without mismatch terms. The stability of the error dynamics is proven theoretically using the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, analytical results show that the states of the dynamical network with non-delayed coupling can be asymptotically synchronized onto a desired scaling factor under the designed controller. Moreover, the numerical simulations results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drive-response%20dynamical%20network" title="drive-response dynamical network">drive-response dynamical network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=projective%20lag%20synchronization" title=" projective lag synchronization"> projective lag synchronization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20feedback%20control" title=" hybrid feedback control"> hybrid feedback control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability%20theory" title=" stability theory"> stability theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14139/projective-lag-synchronization-in-drive-response-dynamical-networks-via-hybrid-feedback-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> An Improved Prediction Model of Ozone Concentration Time Series Based on Chaotic Approach </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nor%20Zila%20Abd%20Hamid">Nor Zila Abd Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Salmi%20M.%20Noorani"> Mohd Salmi M. Noorani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is focused on the development of prediction models of the Ozone concentration time series. Prediction model is built based on chaotic approach. Firstly, the chaotic nature of the time series is detected by means of phase space plot and the Cao method. Then, the prediction model is built and the local linear approximation method is used for the forecasting purposes. Traditional prediction of autoregressive linear model is also built. Moreover, an improvement in local linear approximation method is also performed. Prediction models are applied to the hourly ozone time series observed at the benchmark station in Malaysia. Comparison of all models through the calculation of mean absolute error, root mean squared error and correlation coefficient shows that the one with improved prediction method is the best. Thus, chaotic approach is a good approach to be used to develop a prediction model for the Ozone concentration time series. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaotic%20approach" title="chaotic approach">chaotic approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20space" title=" phase space"> phase space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cao%20method" title=" Cao method"> Cao method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20linear%20approximation%20method" title=" local linear approximation method"> local linear approximation method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2015/an-improved-prediction-model-of-ozone-concentration-time-series-based-on-chaotic-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Monthly River Flow Prediction Using a Nonlinear Prediction Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20H.%20Adenan">N. H. Adenan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20M.%20Noorani"> M. S. M. Noorani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> River flow prediction is an essential to ensure proper management of water resources can be optimally distribute water to consumers. This study presents an analysis and prediction by using nonlinear prediction method involving monthly river flow data in Tanjung Tualang from 1976 to 2006. Nonlinear prediction method involves the reconstruction of phase space and local linear approximation approach. The phase space reconstruction involves the reconstruction of one-dimensional (the observed 287 months of data) in a multidimensional phase space to reveal the dynamics of the system. Revenue of phase space reconstruction is used to predict the next 72 months. A comparison of prediction performance based on correlation coefficient (CC) and root mean square error (RMSE) have been employed to compare prediction performance for nonlinear prediction method, ARIMA and SVM. Prediction performance comparisons show the prediction results using nonlinear prediction method is better than ARIMA and SVM. Therefore, the result of this study could be used to developed an efficient water management system to optimize the allocation water resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20flow" title="river flow">river flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20prediction%20method" title=" nonlinear prediction method"> nonlinear prediction method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20space" title=" phase space"> phase space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20linear%20approximation" title=" local linear approximation"> local linear approximation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2867/monthly-river-flow-prediction-using-a-nonlinear-prediction-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2867.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Effects of Process Parameter Variation on the Surface Roughness of Rapid Prototyped Samples Using Design of Experiments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Noorani">R. Noorani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Peerless"> K. Peerless</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Mandrell"> J. Mandrell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Lopez"> A. Lopez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Dalberto"> R. Dalberto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Alzebaq"> M. Alzebaq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rapid prototyping (RP) is an additive manufacturing technology used in industry that works by systematically depositing layers of working material to construct larger, computer-modeled parts. A key challenge associated with this technology is that RP parts often feature undesirable levels of surface roughness for certain applications. To combat this phenomenon, an experimental technique called Design of Experiments (DOE) can be employed during the growth procedure to statistically analyze which RP growth parameters are most influential to part surface roughness. Utilizing DOE to identify such factors is important because it is a technique that can be used to optimize a manufacturing process, which saves time, money, and increases product quality. In this study, a four-factor/two level DOE experiment was performed to investigate the effect of temperature, layer thickness, infill percentage, and infill speed on the surface roughness of RP prototypes. Samples were grown using the sixteen different possible growth combinations associated with a four-factor/two level study, and then the surface roughness data was gathered for each set of factors. After applying DOE statistical analysis to these data, it was determined that layer thickness played the most significant role in the prototype surface roughness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rapid%20prototyping" title="rapid prototyping">rapid prototyping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20of%20experiments" title=" design of experiments"> design of experiments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20analysis" title=" statistical analysis"> statistical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factors%20and%20levels" title=" factors and levels"> factors and levels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45741/effects-of-process-parameter-variation-on-the-surface-roughness-of-rapid-prototyped-samples-using-design-of-experiments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45741.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> The Low-Cost Design and 3D Printing of Structural Knee Orthotics for Athletic Knee Injury Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Hendricks">Alexander Hendricks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sean%20Nevin"> Sean Nevin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clayton%20Wikoff"> Clayton Wikoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melissa%20Dougherty"> Melissa Dougherty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacob%20Orlita"> Jacob Orlita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafiqul%20Noorani"> Rafiqul Noorani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knee orthotics play an important role in aiding in the recovery of those with knee injuries, especially athletes. However, structural knee orthotics is often very expensive, ranging between $300 and $800. The primary reason for this project was to answer the question: can 3D printed orthotics represent a viable and cost-effective alternative to present structural knee orthotics? The primary objective for this research project was to design a knee orthotic for athletes with knee injuries for a low-cost under $100 and evaluate its effectiveness. The initial design for the orthotic was done in SolidWorks, a computer-aided design (CAD) software available at Loyola Marymount University. After this design was completed, finite element analysis (FEA) was utilized to understand how normal stresses placed upon the knee affected the orthotic. The knee orthotic was then adjusted and redesigned to meet a specified factor-of-safety of 3.25 based on the data gathered during FEA and literature sources. Once the FEA was completed and the orthotic was redesigned based from the data gathered, the next step was to move on to 3D-printing the first design of the knee brace. Subsequently, physical therapy movement trials were used to evaluate physical performance. Using the data from these movement trials, the CAD design of the brace was refined to accommodate the design requirements. The final goal of this research means to explore the possibility of replacing high-cost, outsourced knee orthotics with a readily available low-cost alternative. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knee%20orthotics" title=" knee orthotics"> knee orthotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20for%20additive%20manufacturing" title=" design for additive manufacturing"> design for additive manufacturing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97973/the-low-cost-design-and-3d-printing-of-structural-knee-orthotics-for-athletic-knee-injury-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97973.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Gender Specific Differences in Clinical Outcomes of Knee Osteoarthritis Treated with Micro-Fragmented Adipose Tissue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tiffanie-Marie%20Borg">Tiffanie-Marie Borg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasmin%20Zeinolabediny"> Yasmin Zeinolabediny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nima%20Heidari"> Nima Heidari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Noorani"> Ali Noorani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Slevin"> Mark Slevin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angel%20Cullen"> Angel Cullen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefano%20Olgiati"> Stefano Olgiati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alberto%20Zerbi"> Alberto Zerbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandro%20Danovi"> Alessandro Danovi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrian%20Wilson"> Adrian Wilson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is a critical cause of disability globally. In recent years, there has been growing interest in non-invasive treatments, such as intra-articular injection of micro-fragmented fat (MFAT), showing great potential in treating OA. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), originating from pericytes of micro-vessels in MFAT, can differentiate into mesenchymal lineage cells such as cartilage, osteocytes, adipocytes, and osteoblasts. Secretion of growth factor and cytokines from MSCs have the capability to inhibit T cell growth, reduced pain and inflammation, and create a micro-environment that through paracrine signaling, can promote joint repair and cartilage regeneration. Here we have shown, for the first time, data supporting the hypothesis that women respond better in terms of improvements in pain and function to MFAT injection compared to men. Historically, women have been underrepresented in studies, and studies with both sexes regularly fail to analyse the results by sex. To mitigate this bias and quantify it, we describe a technique using reproducible statistical analysis and replicable results with Open Access statistical software R to calculate the magnitude of this difference. Genetic, hormonal, environmental, and age factors play a role in our observed difference between the sexes. This observational, intention-to-treat study included the complete sample of 456 patients who agreed to be scored for pain (visual analogue scale (VAS)) and function (Oxford knee score (OKS)) at baseline regardless of subsequent changes to adherence or status during follow-up. We report that a significantly larger number of women responded to treatment than men: [90% vs. 60% change in VAS scores with 87% vs. 65% change in OKS scores, respectively]. Women overall had a stronger positive response to treatment with reduced pain and improved mobility and function. Pre-injection, our cohort of women were in more pain with worse joint function which is quite common to see in orthopaedics. However, during the 2-year follow-up, they consistently maintained a lower incidence of discomfort with superior joint function. This data clearly identifies a clear need for further studies to identify the cell and molecular biological and other basis for these differences and be able to utilize this information for stratification in order to improve outcome for both women and men. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20differences" title="gender differences">gender differences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-fragmented%20adipose%20tissue" title=" micro-fragmented adipose tissue"> micro-fragmented adipose tissue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knee%20osteoarthritis" title=" knee osteoarthritis"> knee osteoarthritis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20cells" title=" stem cells"> stem cells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137138/gender-specific-differences-in-clinical-outcomes-of-knee-osteoarthritis-treated-with-micro-fragmented-adipose-tissue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational 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