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<li id="toc-Medieval_Cyprus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Medieval Cyprus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Crusade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Crusade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Third Crusade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Crusade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Knights_Templar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Knights_Templar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Knights Templar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Knights_Templar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guy_and_Amalric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guy_and_Amalric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Guy and Amalric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guy_and_Amalric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Society and culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_monarchs_of_Cyprus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_monarchs_of_Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List of monarchs of Cyprus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_monarchs_of_Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pretenders_of_the_Kingdom_of_Cyprus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pretenders_of_the_Kingdom_of_Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pretenders of the Kingdom of Cyprus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pretenders_of_the_Kingdom_of_Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titles_of_the_Kings_of_Cyprus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles_of_the_Kings_of_Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Titles of the Kings of Cyprus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titles_of_the_Kings_of_Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coat_of_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coat_of_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Coat of arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coat_of_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kingdom of Cyprus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B5" title="مملكة قبرص – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مملكة قبرص" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipr_krall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Kipr krallığı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kipr krallığı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%BA%DB%8C" title="قیبریس شاهلیغی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قیبریس شاهلیغی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Кіпрскае каралеўства – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кіпрскае каралеўства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Кипърско кралство – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кипърско кралство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regne_de_Xipre" title="Regne de Xipre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regne de Xipre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kypersk%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD" title="Kyperské království – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kyperské království" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongeriget_Cypern" title="Kongeriget Cypern – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kongeriget Cypern" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigreich_Zypern" title="Königreich Zypern – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Königreich Zypern" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCprose_kuningriik" title="Küprose kuningriik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Küprose kuningriik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Βασίλειο της Κύπρου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βασίλειο της Κύπρου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Chipre" title="Reino de Chipre – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reino de Chipre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipra_re%C4%9Dlando" title="Kipra reĝlando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kipra reĝlando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipreko_Erresuma" title="Zipreko Erresuma – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zipreko Erresuma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C_%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="پادشاهی قبرس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پادشاهی قبرس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royaume_de_Chypre" title="Royaume de Chypre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Royaume de Chypre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%A4%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4_%EC%99%95%EA%B5%AD" title="키프로스 왕국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="키프로스 왕국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AB%D5%BA%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կիպրոսի թագավորություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կիպրոսի թագավորություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciparsko_Kraljevstvo" title="Ciparsko Kraljevstvo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ciparsko Kraljevstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Siprus" title="Kerajaan Siprus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kerajaan Siprus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_di_Cipro" title="Regno di Cipro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regno di Cipro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ממלכת קפריסין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממלכת קפריסין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="კვიპროსის სამეფო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კვიპროსის სამეფო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyaniya_K%C3%AEpros%C3%AA" title="Keyaniya Kîprosê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Keyaniya Kîprosê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum_Cypri" title="Regnum Cypri – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Regnum Cypri" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipras_Karaliste" title="Kipras Karaliste – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kipras Karaliste" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipro_karalyst%C4%97" title="Kipro karalystė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kipro karalystė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciprusi_Kir%C3%A1lys%C3%A1g" title="Ciprusi Királyság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ciprusi Királyság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Кипарско Кралство – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кипарско Кралство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B5" title="مملكة قبرص – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مملكة قبرص" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Beraja_Cyprus" title="Kerajaan Beraja Cyprus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kerajaan Beraja Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koninkrijk_Cyprus" title="Koninkrijk Cyprus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koninkrijk Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="キプロス王国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キプロス王国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konged%C3%B8mmet_Kypros" title="Kongedømmet Kypros – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kongedømmet Kypros" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongeriket_Kypros" title="Kongeriket Kypros – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kongeriket Kypros" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B3lestwo_Cypru" title="Królestwo Cypru – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Królestwo Cypru" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_do_Chipre" title="Reino do Chipre – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reino do Chipre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Кипрское королевство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кипрское королевство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypersk%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1%C4%BEovstvo" title="Cyperské kráľovstvo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cyperské kráľovstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciprsko_kraljestvo" title="Ciprsko kraljestvo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ciprsko kraljestvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Краљевина Кипар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Краљевина Кипар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyproksen_kuningaskunta" title="Kyproksen kuningaskunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kyproksen kuningaskunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kungariket_Cypern" title="Kungariket Cypern – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kungariket Cypern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a 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Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кіпрське королівство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA_%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B5" title="مملکت قبرص – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مملکت قبرص" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_qu%E1%BB%91c_S%C3%ADp" title="Vương quốc Síp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vương quốc Síp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a 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the Third Crusade (1192–1489)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output 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.ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Kingdom of Cyprus</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Royaume de Chypre</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span><br /><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Regnum Cypri</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span><br />Βασίλειο της Κύπρου (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>)<br /><i>Vasíleio tis Kýprou</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1192–1489</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stemma_reale_di_Giano_di_Cipro.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Cyprus"><img alt="Flag of Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Stemma_reale_di_Giano_di_Cipro.svg/110px-Stemma_reale_di_Giano_di_Cipro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Stemma_reale_di_Giano_di_Cipro.svg/165px-Stemma_reale_di_Giano_di_Cipro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Stemma_reale_di_Giano_di_Cipro.svg/220px-Stemma_reale_di_Giano_di_Cipro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="571" /></a></span></div><div style="padding: 2px 0px 3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cyprus_(1350)_as_reported_by_the_Book_of_All_Kingdoms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Cyprus_%281350%29_as_reported_by_the_Book_of_All_Kingdoms.svg/125px-Flag_of_Cyprus_%281350%29_as_reported_by_the_Book_of_All_Kingdoms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Cyprus_%281350%29_as_reported_by_the_Book_of_All_Kingdoms.svg/188px-Flag_of_Cyprus_%281350%29_as_reported_by_the_Book_of_All_Kingdoms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Cyprus_%281350%29_as_reported_by_the_Book_of_All_Kingdoms.svg/250px-Flag_of_Cyprus_%281350%29_as_reported_by_the_Book_of_All_Kingdoms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="648" /></a></span></div> <div>Top: Royal banner of<br /><a href="/wiki/Janus_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Janus of Cyprus">Janus of Cyprus</a> (15th century)<br />Bottom: Flag according to<br /><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Knowledge_of_All_Kingdoms" title="Book of Knowledge of All Kingdoms">Book of All Kingdoms</a> (1350)</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_(Kings_of_Armenia,_Cyprus_and_Jerusalem).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms[1] of Cyprus"><img alt="Coat of arms[1] of Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Armenia%2C_Cyprus_and_Jerusalem%29.svg/95px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Armenia%2C_Cyprus_and_Jerusalem%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Armenia%2C_Cyprus_and_Jerusalem%29.svg/143px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Armenia%2C_Cyprus_and_Jerusalem%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Armenia%2C_Cyprus_and_Jerusalem%29.svg/190px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Armenia%2C_Cyprus_and_Jerusalem%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="488" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Cyprus#Previous_coats_of_arms" title="Coat of arms of Cyprus"> Coat of arms<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"></sup></a><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Medieval_Cyprus.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cities of medieval Cyprus (1192–1489)"><img alt="Cities of medieval Cyprus (1192–1489)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Medieval_Cyprus.png/250px-Medieval_Cyprus.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Medieval_Cyprus.png/375px-Medieval_Cyprus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Medieval_Cyprus.png/500px-Medieval_Cyprus.png 2x" data-file-width="1029" data-file-height="772" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Cities of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Cyprus in the Middle Ages">medieval Cyprus</a> (1192–1489)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independent_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent state">Independent</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_state" title="Christian state">Christian kingdom</a><sup id="cite_ref-Nicholson_2018_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicholson_2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1192–1198/1268–1372)</span><br /><br />Tributary state of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1198–1229)</span><br /><br />Tributary state of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1229–1268)</span><br /><br />Tributary state of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1372–1426)</span><br /><br />Tributary state of the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk Sultanate</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1426–1489)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a><sup id="cite_ref-Nicholson_2018_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicholson_2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>(official/ceremonial)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Greek" title="Cypriot Greek">Greek</a><br /><small>(native language)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Old_French_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old French language">Old French</a><sup id="cite_ref-Nicholson_2018_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicholson_2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>(popular)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a><br /><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox Christianity</a> (popular)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cyprus" title="Politics of Cyprus">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudal</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchy</a><sup id="cite_ref-Nicholson_2018_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicholson_2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Cyprus">King</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1192–1194 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guy_of_Lusignan" title="Guy of Lusignan">Guy of Lusignan</a> (first)<sup id="cite_ref-Nicholson_2018_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicholson_2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1474–1489 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Cornaro" title="Catherine Cornaro">Catherine Cornaro</a> (last)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data">Haute Cour</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a><sup id="cite_ref-Nicholson_2018_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicholson_2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1192</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Disestablished </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1489</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_denier" title="French denier">French denier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gros_(coinage)" title="Gros (coinage)">gros</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Theme_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme of Cyprus">Theme of Cyprus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Knights_Templar">Cyprus under the Knights Templar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Cyprus" title="Venetian Cyprus">Venetian Cyprus</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Cyprus" title="Category:History of Cyprus">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cyprus" title="History of Cyprus">History of <span class="fn org label">Cyprus</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_007-CYPRVS_INSVLA.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="CYPRVS INSVLA"><img alt="CYPRVS INSVLA" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_007-CYPRVS_INSVLA.jpeg/150px-Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_007-CYPRVS_INSVLA.jpeg" decoding="async" width="150" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_007-CYPRVS_INSVLA.jpeg/225px-Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_007-CYPRVS_INSVLA.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_007-CYPRVS_INSVLA.jpeg/300px-Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_007-CYPRVS_INSVLA.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="5500" data-file-height="4295" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Cyprus" title="Prehistoric Cyprus">Prehistoric</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alashiya" title="Alashiya">Alashiya</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Cyprus" title="Ancient history of Cyprus">Ancient</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten_city-kingdoms_of_Cyprus" title="Ten city-kingdoms of Cyprus">Ten city-kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Cyprus" title="Roman Cyprus">Roman Era</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Cyprus in the Middle Ages">Medieval</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_(theme)" title="Cyprus (theme)">Theme of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kingdom of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Cyprus" title="Venetian Cyprus">Venetian Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Cyprus" title="Ottoman Cyprus">Ottoman Cyprus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cyprus_(1878%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Cyprus (1878–present)">Modern</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">British Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_problem" title="Cyprus problem">Cyprus problem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">History by topic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cypriot_history" title="Timeline of Cypriot history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Cypriot_art" title="Ancient Cypriot art">Ancient art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery_of_ancient_Cyprus" title="Pottery of ancient Cyprus">Ancient pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Cyprus" title="List of earthquakes in Cyprus">Earthquakes</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/16px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/24px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/32px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cyprus" title="Portal:Cyprus">Cyprus portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Cyprus" title="Template:History of Cyprus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Cyprus" title="Template talk:History of Cyprus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Cyprus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Cyprus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Kingdom of Cyprus</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Royaume de Chypre</i>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Regnum Cypri</i>) was a medieval kingdom of the <a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">Crusader states</a> that existed between 1192 and 1489.<sup id="cite_ref-Nicholson_2018_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicholson_2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially ruled as an <a href="/wiki/Independent_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent state">independent</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_state" title="Christian state">Christian kingdom</a>, it was established by the French <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lusignan" title="House of Lusignan">House of Lusignan</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">Third Crusade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nicholson_2018_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicholson_2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It comprised not only the entire <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Island of Cyprus">island of Cyprus</a>, but it also had a foothold on the <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolian</a> mainland: <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a> between 1361 and 1373, and <a href="/wiki/Corycus" title="Corycus">Corycus</a> between 1361 and 1448. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_Cyprus">Medieval Cyprus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Medieval Cyprus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Cyprus in the Middle Ages">Cyprus in the Middle Ages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theme_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme of Cyprus">Theme of Cyprus</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yeroskipou_2010-05-04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Yeroskipou_2010-05-04.jpg/250px-Yeroskipou_2010-05-04.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Yeroskipou_2010-05-04.jpg/375px-Yeroskipou_2010-05-04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Yeroskipou_2010-05-04.jpg/500px-Yeroskipou_2010-05-04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Ayia Paraskevi Byzantine church in <a href="/wiki/Yeroskipou" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeroskipou">Yeroskipou</a>, Cyprus</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Empire" title="History of the Roman Empire">division of the Roman Empire</a> into an eastern half and a <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">western half</a>, Cyprus came under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a>. At that time, its <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a>, while still subject to the <a href="/wiki/One_Holy_Catholic_and_Apostolic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church">Christian Church</a>, was made <a href="/wiki/Autocephalous" class="mw-redirect" title="Autocephalous">autocephalous</a> by the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Ephesus" class="mw-redirect" title="First Council of Ephesus">First Council of Ephesus</a> in 431. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab</a> <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> invaded Cyprus in force in the 650s, but in 688, the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine emperor">Byzantine emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Justinian_II" title="Justinian II">Justinian II</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_caliphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad caliphate">Umayyad caliph</a> <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan">ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān</a> reached an unprecedented agreement. For the next 300 years, Cyprus was ruled jointly by both the Arabs and the Byzantines as a <i><a href="/wiki/Condominium_(international_law)" title="Condominium (international law)">condominium</a></i>, despite the nearly constant warfare between the two parties on the mainland. The Byzantines recovered control over the island for short periods thereafter, but the <i>status quo</i> was always restored. </p><p>This period lasted until the year 965, when <a href="/wiki/Niketas_Chalkoutzes" title="Niketas Chalkoutzes">Niketas Chalkoutzes</a> conquered the island for a resurgent Byzantium. In 1185, the last Byzantine governor of Cyprus, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Komnenos_of_Cyprus" title="Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus">Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus</a> from a minor line of the Imperial house, rose in rebellion, and attempted to seize the throne. His attempted coup was unsuccessful, but Komnenos was able to retain control of the island. Byzantine actions against Komnenos failed because he enjoyed the support of <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_Sicily" title="William II of Sicily">William II of Sicily</a>. The Byzantine emperor had an agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Egypt" title="Sultan of Egypt">sultan of Egypt</a> to close Cypriot harbours to the <a href="/wiki/Crusaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusaders">Crusaders</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Crusade">Third Crusade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Third Crusade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Cyprus_by_Richard_I" title="Conquest of Cyprus by Richard I">Conquest of Cyprus by Richard I</a></div> <p>The island of Cyprus was conquered in 1191 by King <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I of England</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">Third Crusade</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Komnenos_of_Cyprus" title="Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus">Isaac Komnenos</a>, an upstart local governor, Byzantine Prince and self-proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Emperor">emperor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nicholson_2018_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicholson_2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English king did not intend to conquer the island until his fleet was scattered by a storm en route to the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1189%E2%80%931191)" title="Siege of Acre (1189–1191)">siege of Acre</a> (1189–1191). The three ships were wrecked and sank in sight of the port of <a href="/wiki/Limassol" title="Limassol">Limassol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shipwrecked survivors were taken prisoner by Komnenos and when a ship bearing King Richard's sister <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_England,_Queen_of_Sicily" title="Joan of England, Queen of Sicily">Joan</a> and bride <a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Navarre" title="Berengaria of Navarre">Berengaria</a> entered the port, Komnenos refused their request to disembark for fresh water.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King Richard and the rest of his fleet arrived shortly afterwards. Upon hearing of the imprisonment of his shipwrecked comrades and the insults offered to his bride and sister, King Richard met Komnenos in battle. There were rumours that Komnenos was secretly in agreement with <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> in order to protect himself from his enemies, the Angelos family, the ruling family in the Byzantine capital of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Control of the island of Cyprus would give King Richard an extremely valuable strategic base to launch further Crusade operations. The English army engaged the Cypriots on the shores of Limassol with English archers and heavily armored knights. Komnenos and the remainder of the army escaped to the hills during nightfall, but King Richard and his troops tracked the Cypriot ruler down and raided his camp before dawn. Komnenos escaped again with a small number of men. The next day, many Cypriot nobles came to King Richard to swear fealty.<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fearing treachery at the hands of the new invaders, Komnenos fled after making this pledge to King Richard and escaped to the stronghold of Kantara. Some weeks after King Richard's marriage to his bride in Limassol on 12 May 1191, Komnenos attempted an escape by boat to the mainland but he was apprehended at Cape St. Andrea and later imprisoned in the castle of Markappos in Syria, where he died shortly afterwards, still in captivity.<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, King Richard resumed his journey to <a href="/wiki/Acre_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acre (city)">Acre</a> and, with much needed respite, new funds and reinforcements, set sail for the Holy Land accompanied by the King of Jerusalem, <a href="/wiki/Guy_of_Lusignan" title="Guy of Lusignan">Guy of Lusignan</a> and other high ranking nobles. The English king left garrisons in the towns and castles of the island before he departed and the island itself was left in charge of Richard of Canville and Robert of Thornham.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Richard confiscated the property of those Cypriots who had fought against him. He also imposed a 50% <a href="/wiki/Capital_levy" title="Capital levy">capital levy</a> on the island in return for confirming its laws and customs. He also ordered Cypriot men to shave their beards. There was a rebellion led by a relative of Isaac's, but it was crushed by Robert of Thornham, who hanged the leader. Richard rebuked Robert for this execution, since executing a man who claimed to be king was an affront to royal dignity. Some details of the brief English period on Cyprus can be found in the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chronicle_of_Meaux_Abbey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chronicle of Meaux Abbey (page does not exist)">Chronicle of Meaux Abbey</a></i>, possibly derived from Robert of Thornham, who had a relationship with the abbey.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Knights_Templar">Knights Templar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Knights Templar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When King <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I of England</a> realized that Cyprus would prove to be a difficult territory to maintain and oversee whilst launching offensives in the Holy Land, he sold it to the Knights Templar for a fee of 100,000 <a href="/wiki/Bezant" title="Bezant">bezants</a>, 40,000 of which was to be paid immediately, while the remainder was to be paid in installments.<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the greatest military orders of medieval times, the Knights Templar were renowned for their remarkable financial power and vast holdings of land and property throughout Europe and the East. Their severity of rule in Cyprus quickly incurred the hatred of the native population. On Easter Day in 1192, the Cypriots attempted a massacre of their Templar rulers; however, due to prior knowledge of the attack and limited numbers of troops, the Knights had taken refuge in their stronghold at Nicosia. A siege ensued and the Templars, realizing their dire circumstances and their besiegers' reluctance to bargain, sallied out into the streets at dawn one morning, taking the Cypriots completely by surprise. The subsequent slaughter was merciless and widespread and though Templar rule was restored following the event, the military order was reluctant to continue rule and allegedly begged King Richard to take Cyprus back. King Richard took them up on the offer and the Templars returned to Syria, retaining but a few holdings on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small minority Roman Catholic population of the island was mainly confined to some coastal cities, such as <a href="/wiki/Famagusta" title="Famagusta">Famagusta</a>, as well as inland <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>, the traditional capital. Roman Catholics kept the reins of power and control, while the Orthodox inhabitants lived in the countryside; this was much the same as the arrangement in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a>. The independent <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypriot Orthodox Church">Church of Cyprus</a>, with its own Archbishop and subject to no patriarch, was allowed to remain on the island, but the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> largely displaced it in stature and holding property. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guy_and_Amalric">Guy and Amalric</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Guy and Amalric"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LusignanPlateEarly14thCentury.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/LusignanPlateEarly14thCentury.JPG/170px-LusignanPlateEarly14thCentury.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/LusignanPlateEarly14thCentury.JPG/255px-LusignanPlateEarly14thCentury.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/LusignanPlateEarly14thCentury.JPG/340px-LusignanPlateEarly14thCentury.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1893" data-file-height="1680" /></a><figcaption>Plate of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lusignan" title="House of Lusignan">House of Lusignan</a>, with coat of arms at the centre. Early 14th century, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louvre_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Louvre Museum">Louvre Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the meantime, the hereditary queen of Jerusalem, Sybilla, had died, and opposition to the rule of her husband, king consort <a href="/wiki/Guy_of_Lusignan" title="Guy of Lusignan">Guy of Lusignan</a>, greatly increased to the point that he was ousted from his claim to the crown of Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Guy was a long-time vassal of King Richard, the English king looked to strike two birds with one stone; by offering Guy de Lusignan the kingdom of Cyprus, he allowed his friend the opportunity to save face and keep some sort of power in the East whilst simultaneously ridding himself of a troublesome fief. It is unclear whether King Richard gave him the territory or sold it and it is highly unlikely that King Richard was ever paid, even if a deal was struck.<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1194, Guy de Lusignan died without any heirs and so his older brother, Amalric, became King Amalric I of Cyprus, a crown and title which was approved by <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the death of Amalric of Lusignan, the Kingdom continually passed to a series of young boys who grew up as king. The <a href="/wiki/Ibelin_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibelin family">Ibelin family</a>, which had held much power in Jerusalem prior its downfall, acted as regents during these early years. In 1229, one of the Ibelin regents was forced out of power by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, who brought the struggle between the <a href="/wiki/Guelphs_and_Ghibellines" title="Guelphs and Ghibellines">Guelphs and Ghibellines</a> to the island. Frederick's supporters were defeated in this struggle by 1232 from the Cypriots Forces at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Agridi" title="Battle of Agridi">Battle of Agridi</a>, although it lasted longer in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. Frederick's <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen">Hohenstaufen</a> descendants continued to rule as kings of Jerusalem until 1268 when <a href="/wiki/Hugh_I_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh I of Jerusalem">Hugh III of Cyprus</a> claimed the title and its territory of Acre for himself upon the death of <a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Conrad III of Jerusalem">Conrad III of Jerusalem</a>, thus uniting the two kingdoms. The territory in Palestine was finally lost while <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry II of Jerusalem">Henry II</a> was king in 1291, but the kings of Cyprus continued to claim the title. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governance">Governance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like Jerusalem, Cyprus had a <i>Haute Cour</i> (High Court), although it was less powerful than it had been in Jerusalem. The island was richer and more feudal than Jerusalem, so the king had more personal wealth and could afford to ignore the Haute Cour. The most important vassal family was the multi-branch <a href="/wiki/House_of_Ibelin" title="House of Ibelin">House of Ibelin</a>. However, the king was often in conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> merchants, especially because Cyprus had become the center of European trade with <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1291)" title="Siege of Acre (1291)">fall of Acre</a> in 1291. </p><p>The kingdom eventually came to be dominated more and more in the 14th century by the <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoese</a> merchants, under the leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a>. Cyprus therefore sided with the <a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon Papacy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Great Schism</a>, in the hope that the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> would be able to drive out the Genoese. The <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mameluks</a> then made the kingdom a <a href="/wiki/Tributary_state" title="Tributary state">tributary state</a> in 1426; the remaining monarchs gradually lost almost all independence, until 1489 when the last queen, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Cornaro" title="Catherine Cornaro">Catherine Cornaro</a>, was forced to sell the island to <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyprus_gold_bezant_derived_from_Byzantine_design_1218_1253_Cyprus_Western_style_silver_gros_1285_1324.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cyprus_gold_bezant_derived_from_Byzantine_design_1218_1253_Cyprus_Western_style_silver_gros_1285_1324.jpg/220px-Cyprus_gold_bezant_derived_from_Byzantine_design_1218_1253_Cyprus_Western_style_silver_gros_1285_1324.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cyprus_gold_bezant_derived_from_Byzantine_design_1218_1253_Cyprus_Western_style_silver_gros_1285_1324.jpg/330px-Cyprus_gold_bezant_derived_from_Byzantine_design_1218_1253_Cyprus_Western_style_silver_gros_1285_1324.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cyprus_gold_bezant_derived_from_Byzantine_design_1218_1253_Cyprus_Western_style_silver_gros_1285_1324.jpg/440px-Cyprus_gold_bezant_derived_from_Byzantine_design_1218_1253_Cyprus_Western_style_silver_gros_1285_1324.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1107" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption>Cyprus gold <a href="/wiki/Bezant" title="Bezant">bezant</a>, derived from <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> design, 1218–1253 (left), and Cyprus Western-style silver <a href="/wiki/Gros_(coinage)" title="Gros (coinage)">gros</a> 1285–1324 (right).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CoinKingdomOfCyprus13thCentury.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/CoinKingdomOfCyprus13thCentury.jpg/170px-CoinKingdomOfCyprus13thCentury.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/CoinKingdomOfCyprus13thCentury.jpg/255px-CoinKingdomOfCyprus13thCentury.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/CoinKingdomOfCyprus13thCentury.jpg/340px-CoinKingdomOfCyprus13thCentury.jpg 2x" data-file-width="409" data-file-height="407" /></a><figcaption>Coin of the kingdom of Cyprus, 13th century.</figcaption></figure> <p>The economy of Cyprus remained primarily agrarian during the Lusignan period. Simultaneously, though, the island grew in importance in the trade network connecting Western Europe and the Middle East, serving as an "entrepôt". This led to an increase in demand on Cypriot products (most importantly sugar, but also wine, wheat, oil, carobs) abroad, and the agrarian economy became more export-oriented. This allowed Cyprus to become more prosperous relative to the Byzantine period, fuelling the development of the harbour of <a href="/wiki/Famagusta" title="Famagusta">Famagusta</a> and the capital <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>, enabling the construction of architectural works that survive to this day. Whilst the development of these two eclipsed the other towns, towns such as <a href="/wiki/Limassol" title="Limassol">Limassol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paphos" title="Paphos">Paphos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kyrenia" title="Kyrenia">Kyrenia</a> did take some part in the changing economic environment. Limassol, in particular, became a port for the export of agricultural products and served as a stopover for Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. The relative prosperity encouraged migration to Cyprus from the West (<a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">the East</a>. The Latin immigrants participated in the economic life as merchants, artisans, shipwrights, ship captains and tavern keepers, and as such had an outsize share in the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-coureas103_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coureas103-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this period, new industries also emerged in Cyprus. Cypriot pottery developed particular characteristics, and was exported to the Crusader States until the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Acre" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Acre">Fall of Acre</a> in 1291. In the late 13th and early 14th industries, the textile industry developed, with new textile dyeing workshops being set up in Nicosia, and Cypriot <a href="/wiki/Samite" title="Samite">samites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camlet" title="Camlet">camlets</a> having increasing demand in the West and the East. Famagusta became a hub for shipbuilding. These developments prompted the arrival of representatives from Florentine banking houses, such as the <a href="/wiki/Peruzzi" title="Peruzzi">Peruzzi</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bardi_family" title="Bardi family">Bardi family</a>. The growth of the industry as well as the labour-intensive production of sugar and wine resulted in a demand for slaves, and slave markets existed in Nicosia and Famagusta.<sup id="cite_ref-coureas103_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coureas103-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cypriot society in the Lusignan period was multi-ethnic, with Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots" title="Greek Cypriots">Greek Cypriots</a> making up the majority of the population. <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> constituted the majority of the population in the rural areas, where they were either serfs (paroikoi) or free tenants (francomati). The population increased until the middle of the fourteenth century, but the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a> in 1347-48 resulted in the loss of one fifth to one third of the population. Repeated outbreaks prevented population recovery into the fifteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-nicolaou_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nicolaou-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 14th century it was common for Cypriot nobility to receive their education in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cyprus during this period had a vibrant court culture, in which popular pastimes of the day were practised in a similar fashion to other European Christian societies. Music, poetry and other arts were enjoyed by both the aristocracy and middle ranks of society, as well as persuits such as hunting.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Roman Catholic Latins never exceeded a quarter of the island's population and were concentrated in the cities. Frankish knights and aristocracy mostly lived in <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>, whilst Italians were concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Famagusta" title="Famagusta">Famagusta</a>. The losses suffered by the <a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">Crusader States</a> in the 1270s and 1280s and the final <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Acre" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Acre">Fall of Acre</a> in 1291 triggered an influx of Latin immigrants from the Levant, as Italian, Aragonese and Provençal trading cities relocated their merchants to Cyprus. <a href="/wiki/Maronites_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maronites in Cyprus">Maronites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Cypriots" title="Armenian Cypriots">Armenians</a> and Syrians were concentrated in the foothills of <a href="/wiki/Pentadaktylos" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentadaktylos">Pentadaktylos</a> and coastal plains. There was a system of ethnic discrimination and social stratification in place. However, with the majority of the population being Greeks, the Frankish nobility set up a system that would accommodate a certain degree of Greek autonomy, for instance maintaining Greek ecclesiastical courts open to the consultation of "wise and prominent men", thus practically forming secular Greek forms that exercised a form of judicial autonomy. The <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Greek" title="Cypriot Greek">Greek Cypriot dialect</a> was used as the lingua franca on the island and legal texts were translated into the vernacular, like the <a href="/wiki/Assizes_of_Jerusalem" title="Assizes of Jerusalem">Assizes of Jerusalem</a>. This relative autonomy meant that there were no rebellions of ethnic character in the Lusignan period. Whilst Greek historiography has traditionally seen a peasant revolt in 1426-27 as a nationalistic uprising, this was an unsystematic series of riots of pillaging by segments of the Greek peasant population and Spanish mercenaries following the Mamluk invasion, the capture of <a href="/wiki/Janus,_King_of_Cyprus" title="Janus, King of Cyprus">King Janus</a> and the political vacuum that ensued.<sup id="cite_ref-nicolaou_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nicolaou-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_monarchs_of_Cyprus">List of monarchs of Cyprus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: List of monarchs of Cyprus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Cypriot_consorts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Cypriot consorts">List of Cypriot consorts</a></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Picture </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Lifespan </th> <th>Reign Start </th> <th>Reign End </th> <th>Notes </th> <th>Regent(s) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guy_Sibyla_(Cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Guy_Sibyla_%28Cropped%29.jpg/100px-Guy_Sibyla_%28Cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Guy_Sibyla_%28Cropped%29.jpg/150px-Guy_Sibyla_%28Cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Guy_Sibyla_%28Cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="195" data-file-height="183" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guy_of_Lusignan" title="Guy of Lusignan"><b>Guy</b></a> </td> <td>c. 1150–18 July 1194 (aged 43–44) </td> <td>1192 </td> <td>18 July 1194 </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Hugh_VIII_of_Lusignan" title="Hugh VIII of Lusignan">Hugh VIII of Lusignan</a>. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aimery_II_de_Lusignan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Aimery_II_de_Lusignan.png/100px-Aimery_II_de_Lusignan.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Aimery_II_de_Lusignan.png/150px-Aimery_II_de_Lusignan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Aimery_II_de_Lusignan.png/200px-Aimery_II_de_Lusignan.png 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="394" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aimery_of_Cyprus" title="Aimery of Cyprus"><b>Aimery</b></a> </td> <td>c. 1153–1 April 1205 (aged 51–52) </td> <td>18 July 1194 </td> <td>1 April 1205 </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Hugh_VIII_of_Lusignan" title="Hugh VIII of Lusignan">Hugh VIII of Lusignan</a>. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GoldBezantHughIOfCyprus1205-1218.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/GoldBezantHughIOfCyprus1205-1218.jpg/100px-GoldBezantHughIOfCyprus1205-1218.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/GoldBezantHughIOfCyprus1205-1218.jpg/150px-GoldBezantHughIOfCyprus1205-1218.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/GoldBezantHughIOfCyprus1205-1218.jpg/200px-GoldBezantHughIOfCyprus1205-1218.jpg 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="646" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugh_I_of_Cyprus" title="Hugh I of Cyprus"><b>Hugh I</b></a> </td> <td>1194/5–10 January 1218 (aged 22–23) </td> <td>1 April 1205 </td> <td>10 January 1218 </td> <td>Son of Aimery. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walter_of_Montb%C3%A9liard" title="Walter of Montbéliard">Walter of Montbéliard</a> (1205–1210) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Henri_Ier,_roi_de_Chypre,_re%C3%A7oit_un_messager.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Henri_Ier%2C_roi_de_Chypre%2C_re%C3%A7oit_un_messager.jpg/100px-Henri_Ier%2C_roi_de_Chypre%2C_re%C3%A7oit_un_messager.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Henri_Ier%2C_roi_de_Chypre%2C_re%C3%A7oit_un_messager.jpg/150px-Henri_Ier%2C_roi_de_Chypre%2C_re%C3%A7oit_un_messager.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Henri_Ier%2C_roi_de_Chypre%2C_re%C3%A7oit_un_messager.jpg/200px-Henri_Ier%2C_roi_de_Chypre%2C_re%C3%A7oit_un_messager.jpg 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="913" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_Cyprus" title="Henry I of Cyprus"><b>Henry I</b></a><br /><i>Henry the Fat</i> </td> <td>3 May 1217–18 January 1253 (aged 35) </td> <td>10 January 1218 </td> <td>18 January 1253 </td> <td>Son of Hugh I. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugh_II_of_Cyprus" title="Hugh II of Cyprus"><b>Hugh II</b></a> </td> <td>1252/3–1267 (aged 14) </td> <td>18 January 1253 </td> <td>December 1267 </td> <td>Son of Henry I. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plaisance_of_Antioch" title="Plaisance of Antioch">Plaisance of Antioch</a> (1253–1261)<br /><a href="/wiki/Hugh_III_of_Cyprus" title="Hugh III of Cyprus">Hugh of Antioch-Lusignan</a> (1261–1267) </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugh_III_of_Cyprus" title="Hugh III of Cyprus"><b>Hugh III</b></a><br /><i>Hugh the Great</i> </td> <td>c. 1235–24 March 1284 (aged 48–49) </td> <td>December 1267 </td> <td>24 March 1284 </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Antioch" title="Henry of Antioch">Henry of Antioch</a>.<br />Nephew of Henry I. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Cyprus" title="John I of Cyprus"><b>John I</b></a> </td> <td>c. 1268–20 May 1285 (aged 17) </td> <td>24 March 1284 </td> <td>20 May 1285 </td> <td>Son of Hugh III. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_II_of_Lusignan_(Cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Henry_II_of_Lusignan_%28Cropped%29.jpg/100px-Henry_II_of_Lusignan_%28Cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Henry_II_of_Lusignan_%28Cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="101" data-file-height="94" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_Cyprus" title="Henry II of Cyprus"><b>Henry II</b></a> </td> <td>June 1270–31 March 1324 (aged 53) </td> <td>20 May 1285 </td> <td>31 March 1324 </td> <td>Son of Hugh III. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amalric,_Lord_of_Tyre" title="Amalric, Lord of Tyre">Amalric</a> (1306–1310) </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugh_IV_of_Cyprus" title="Hugh IV of Cyprus"><b>Hugh IV</b></a> </td> <td>c. 1295–24 November 1358 (aged 62–63) </td> <td>31 March 1324 </td> <td>24 November 1358 </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Guy,_Constable_of_Cyprus" title="Guy, Constable of Cyprus">Guy of Poitiers-Lusignan</a>.<br />Nephew of Henry II. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_1er_de_Lusignan_(Cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Pierre_1er_de_Lusignan_%28Cropped%29.jpg/100px-Pierre_1er_de_Lusignan_%28Cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Pierre_1er_de_Lusignan_%28Cropped%29.jpg/150px-Pierre_1er_de_Lusignan_%28Cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Pierre_1er_de_Lusignan_%28Cropped%29.jpg/200px-Pierre_1er_de_Lusignan_%28Cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="769" data-file-height="747" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Cyprus" title="Peter I of Cyprus"><b>Peter I</b></a> </td> <td>9 October 1328–17 January 1369 (aged 40) </td> <td>24 November 1358 </td> <td>17 January 1369 </td> <td>Son of Hugh IV. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Cyprus" title="Peter II of Cyprus"><b>Peter II</b></a><br /><i>Peter the Fat</i> </td> <td>c. 1354 or 1357–13 October 1382 (aged 24–27) </td> <td>17 January 1369 </td> <td>13 October 1382 </td> <td>Son of Peter I. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Ducale_statua16.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Palazzo_Ducale_statua16.JPG/100px-Palazzo_Ducale_statua16.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Palazzo_Ducale_statua16.JPG/150px-Palazzo_Ducale_statua16.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Palazzo_Ducale_statua16.JPG/199px-Palazzo_Ducale_statua16.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3672" data-file-height="4896" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_I_of_Cyprus" title="James I of Cyprus"><b>James I</b></a> </td> <td>1334–9 September 1398 (aged 63–64) </td> <td>13 October 1382 </td> <td>9 September 1398 </td> <td>Son of Hugh IV. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Janus_of_Cyprus_CharlotteVendome_(Cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Janus_of_Cyprus_CharlotteVendome_%28Cropped%29.jpg/100px-Janus_of_Cyprus_CharlotteVendome_%28Cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Janus_of_Cyprus_CharlotteVendome_%28Cropped%29.jpg/150px-Janus_of_Cyprus_CharlotteVendome_%28Cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Janus_of_Cyprus_CharlotteVendome_%28Cropped%29.jpg/200px-Janus_of_Cyprus_CharlotteVendome_%28Cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="262" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Janus,_King_of_Cyprus" title="Janus, King of Cyprus"><b>Janus</b></a> </td> <td>1375–29 June 1432 (aged 56–57) </td> <td>9 September 1398 </td> <td>29 June 1432 </td> <td>Son of James I. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Cyprus" title="John II of Cyprus"><b>John II</b></a> </td> <td>16 May 1418–28 July 1458 (aged 40) </td> <td>29 June 1432 </td> <td>28 July 1458 </td> <td>Son of Janus. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlotta_I_di_cipro_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Carlotta_I_di_cipro_2.jpg/100px-Carlotta_I_di_cipro_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Carlotta_I_di_cipro_2.jpg/150px-Carlotta_I_di_cipro_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Carlotta_I_di_cipro_2.jpg/200px-Carlotta_I_di_cipro_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1301" data-file-height="1662" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_Queen_of_Cyprus" title="Charlotte, Queen of Cyprus"><b>Charlotte</b></a> </td> <td>28 June 1444–16 July 1487 (aged 43) </td> <td>28 July 1458 </td> <td>1464 </td> <td>Daughter of John II.<br />Co-ruler with her husband Louis (1459–1464). </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Cyprus" title="Louis of Cyprus"><b>Louis</b></a> </td> <td>June 1436–April 1482 (aged 45) </td> <td>7 October 1459 </td> <td>1464 </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Louis, Duke of Savoy">Louis, Duke of Savoy</a>.<br />Co-ruler with his wife Charlotte. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_II_of_Cyprus.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/James_II_of_Cyprus.jpeg/100px-James_II_of_Cyprus.jpeg" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/James_II_of_Cyprus.jpeg/151px-James_II_of_Cyprus.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/James_II_of_Cyprus.jpeg/201px-James_II_of_Cyprus.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_II_of_Cyprus" title="James II of Cyprus"><b>James II</b></a> </td> <td>c. 1438/9–10 July 1473 (aged 34–36) </td> <td>1464 </td> <td>10 July 1473 </td> <td>Illegitimate son of John II. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyprus_Royal_Wedding.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Cyprus_Royal_Wedding.jpeg/100px-Cyprus_Royal_Wedding.jpeg" decoding="async" width="100" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Cyprus_Royal_Wedding.jpeg/149px-Cyprus_Royal_Wedding.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Cyprus_Royal_Wedding.jpeg/199px-Cyprus_Royal_Wedding.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="655" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_III_of_Cyprus" title="James III of Cyprus"><b>James III</b></a> </td> <td>6 August 1473–26 August 1474 (aged 1) </td> <td>6 August 1473 </td> <td>26 August 1474 </td> <td>Son of James II and Catherine Cornaro. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Cornaro" title="Catherine Cornaro">Catherine Cornaro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caterina_Cornaro_-_Queen_of_Cyprus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Caterina_Cornaro_-_Queen_of_Cyprus.jpg/100px-Caterina_Cornaro_-_Queen_of_Cyprus.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Caterina_Cornaro_-_Queen_of_Cyprus.jpg/150px-Caterina_Cornaro_-_Queen_of_Cyprus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Caterina_Cornaro_-_Queen_of_Cyprus.jpg/200px-Caterina_Cornaro_-_Queen_of_Cyprus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Cornaro" title="Catherine Cornaro"><b>Catherine</b></a> </td> <td>25 November 1454–10 July 1510 (aged 55) </td> <td>26 August 1474 </td> <td>26 February 1489 </td> <td>Daughter of <a href="/wiki/Marco_Cornaro" title="Marco Cornaro">Marco Cornaro</a>.<br />Wife of James II and mother of James III. </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pretenders_of_the_Kingdom_of_Cyprus">Pretenders of the Kingdom of Cyprus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pretenders of the Kingdom of Cyprus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_of_Flanders_(flourished_1197%E2%80%931207)" title="Thierry of Flanders (flourished 1197–1207)">Thierry of Flanders</a>, who married the "<a href="/wiki/Damsel_of_Cyprus" title="Damsel of Cyprus">damsel of Cyprus</a>", heiress of Isaac Komnenos, in the winter of 1202/1203, claimed the kingdom, but Aimery refused to surrender it.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Eugene Matteo de Armenia (1480's–1523), said by his own progeny to have been an illegitimate son of King <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_Cyprus" title="James II of Cyprus">James II of Cyprus</a> and if born in the 1480s he was quite a posthumous specimen, alleged to have moved to Sicily then Malta, founder of the family of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barons_di_Baccari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barons di Baccari (page does not exist)">Baron di Baccari (Tal-Baqqar)</a>.</li> <li>Charlotte (d. 1487) and Louis (d. 1482), queen and king-consort, continued as pretenders, Charlotte renounced 1482 in favour of:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I of Savoy">Charles I of Savoy</a> (1482–1490), legitimate great-grandson of Janus of Cyprus, son of a first cousin of Charlotte, second cousin of James III, nephew of Louis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles II of Savoy">Charles II of Savoy</a> (1490–1496)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolande_Louise_of_Savoy" title="Yolande Louise of Savoy">Yolande Louise of Savoy</a> (1496–1499) and <a href="/wiki/Philibert_II_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Philibert II of Savoy">Philibert II of Savoy</a> (d. 1504) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Philip II, Duke of Savoy">Philip II of Savoy</a> (1496–1497), father of Philibert II, great-uncle of Charles II and of Yolande Louise, first cousin of Charlotte, maternal grandson of <a href="/wiki/Janus_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Janus of Cyprus">Janus of Cyprus</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>and several others. The rights diverted <i>de jure</i>, but were claimed by the male line. See further under <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Jerusalem#Cypriot_claimants" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Jerusalem">Cypriot claimants under Kings of Jerusalem</a>. By 1476, the various claims were so diverse and weak that various monarchs sought former Cypriot queens to cede them their rights. Even the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> briefly entertained the idea of setting up <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Woodville,_2nd_Earl_Rivers" title="Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers">Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers</a>, the brother-in-law of England's <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">King Edward IV</a> (who was secretly negotiating a marriage to the Scottish princess Cecilia on Anthony's behalf), as a claimant by purchasing the rights of former Cypriot queens Charlotte and Catarina Cornaro. A convention in Venice of 1476 declared "Anthony Arnite" heir to the combined kingdom of Jerusalem-Cyprus but this came to nought when Anthony died before even his marriage to the sister of James Stewart, King of Scots could be celebrated, and the former Cypriot queens ceded their rights elsewhere: Charlotte to the Italian house of Savoy and Catarina Cornaro to the Most Serene Republic of Venice which asserted its claim to the kingdom as part of the republic, without even a candidate for king.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Titles_of_the_Kings_of_Cyprus">Titles of the Kings of Cyprus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Titles of the Kings of Cyprus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>King of Cyprus</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Jerusalem" title="King of Jerusalem">King of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_the_Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="List of monarchs of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Lord of the Mountains</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coat_of_arms">Coat of arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Coat of arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 972px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_(Kings_of_Cyprus).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Lusignans as the Kings of Cyprus."><img alt="Coat of arms of Lusignans as the Kings of Cyprus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Cyprus%29.svg/172px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Cyprus%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="172" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Cyprus%29.svg/257px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Cyprus%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Cyprus%29.svg/343px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Cyprus%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="711" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coat of arms of Lusignans as the Kings of Cyprus.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_(Kings_of_Cyprus_and_Jerusalem).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lusignans as the Kings of Cyprus and Jerusalem."><img alt="Lusignans as the Kings of Cyprus and Jerusalem." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Cyprus_and_Jerusalem%29.svg/172px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Cyprus_and_Jerusalem%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="172" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Cyprus_and_Jerusalem%29.svg/258px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Cyprus_and_Jerusalem%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Cyprus_and_Jerusalem%29.svg/344px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Cyprus_and_Jerusalem%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lusignans as the Kings of Cyprus and Jerusalem.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_(Kings_of_Armenia,_Cyprus_and_Jerusalem).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lusignans as the Kings of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia (since 1393)."><img alt="Lusignans as the Kings of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia (since 1393)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Armenia%2C_Cyprus_and_Jerusalem%29.svg/172px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Armenia%2C_Cyprus_and_Jerusalem%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="172" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Armenia%2C_Cyprus_and_Jerusalem%29.svg/258px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Armenia%2C_Cyprus_and_Jerusalem%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Armenia%2C_Cyprus_and_Jerusalem%29.svg/344px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Lusignan_%28Kings_of_Armenia%2C_Cyprus_and_Jerusalem%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lusignans as the Kings of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia (since 1393).</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Officers_of_the_Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Officers of the Kingdom of Cyprus">Grand Officers of the Kingdom of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_campaign_against_Cyprus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mamluk campaign against Cyprus (disambiguation)">Mamluk campaign against Cyprus (disambiguation)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">quartered of Jerusalem, de Lusignan, Armenia and Cyprus, declaring a claim to reign over the former kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Cilician Armenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nicholson_2018-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nicholson_2018_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nicholson_2018_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nicholson_2018_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nicholson_2018_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nicholson_2018_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nicholson_2018_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nicholson_2018_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nicholson_2018_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nicholson_2018_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNicholson2018" class="citation book cs1">Nicholson, Helen J. (2018). "Remembering the Crusaders in Cyprus: The Lusignans, the Hospitallers, and the 1191 Conquest of Cyprus in Jean d'Arras's Mélusine". In Parsons, Simon T.; Paterson, Linda M. (eds.). <i>Literature of the Crusades</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 158–172. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781787441736.011">10.1017/9781787441736.011</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781787441736" title="Special:BookSources/9781787441736"><bdi>9781787441736</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Remembering+the+Crusaders+in+Cyprus%3A+The+Lusignans%2C+the+Hospitallers%2C+and+the+1191+Conquest+of+Cyprus+in+Jean+d%27Arras%27s+M%C3%A9lusine&rft.btitle=Literature+of+the+Crusades&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=158-172&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781787441736.011&rft.isbn=9781787441736&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=Helen+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarran2014" class="citation book cs1">Farran, Sue (2014). <i>A Study of Mixed Legal Systems: Endangered, Entrenched or Blended</i>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 216. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472441799" title="Special:BookSources/9781472441799"><bdi>9781472441799</bdi></a>. <q>During the period of Frankish rule, Catholicism became the official religion of the island</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Study+of+Mixed+Legal+Systems%3A+Endangered%2C+Entrenched+or+Blended&rft.pages=216&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781472441799&rft.aulast=Farran&rft.aufirst=Sue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richard-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Richard_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richard_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richard_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richard_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richard_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richard_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richard_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richard_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFcypnet.co.uk" class="citation web cs1">cypnet.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cypnet.co.uk/ncyprus/history/17.htm">"Cyprus under Richard I"</a>. cypnet.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170405123210/http://www.cypnet.co.uk/ncyprus/history/17.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-04-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cyprus+under+Richard+I&rft.pub=cypnet.co.uk&rft.au=cypnet.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cypnet.co.uk%2Fncyprus%2Fhistory%2F17.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelissa_Snell" class="citation web cs1">Melissa Snell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historymedren.about.com/od/richardthelionheart/a/bio_richardlion_2.htm">"Richard the Lionheart in Cyprus"</a>. about.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120915075458/http://historymedren.about.com/od/richardthelionheart/a/bio_richardlion_2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-09-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richard+the+Lionheart+in+Cyprus&rft.pub=about.com&rft.au=Melissa+Snell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistorymedren.about.com%2Fod%2Frichardthelionheart%2Fa%2Fbio_richardlion_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPseudo-Benedict_of_Peterborough" class="citation web cs1">Pseudo-<a href="/wiki/Benedict_of_Peterborough" title="Benedict of Peterborough">Benedict of Peterborough</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyprusexplorer.globalfolio.net/eng/history/peterborough_conquered1/index.php">"How Richard, king of England, seized and conquered Cyprus"</a>. cyprusexplorer.globalfolio.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120602085021/http://www.cyprusexplorer.globalfolio.net/eng/history/peterborough_conquered1/index.php">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-06-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Richard%2C+king+of+England%2C+seized+and+conquered+Cyprus&rft.pub=cyprusexplorer.globalfolio.net&rft.au=Pseudo-Benedict+of+Peterborough&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyprusexplorer.globalfolio.net%2Feng%2Fhistory%2Fpeterborough_conquered1%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Gillingham1999" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Gillingham" title="John Gillingham">John Gillingham</a> (1999), <i>Richard I</i>, Yale University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+I&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.au=John+Gillingham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></span>, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFwhatson-northcyprus.com" class="citation web cs1">whatson-northcyprus.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whatson-northcyprus.com/history/byzantine.htm">"A Brief History of Cyprus - Byzantine Period (330 - 1191)"</a>. whatson-northcyprus.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201008121141/http://www.whatson-northcyprus.com/history/byzantine.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Cyprus+-+Byzantine+Period+%28330+-+1191%29&rft.pub=whatson-northcyprus.com&rft.au=whatson-northcyprus.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatson-northcyprus.com%2Fhistory%2Fbyzantine.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-33828/Cyprus">"Cyprus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080622013659/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-33828/Cyprus">Archived</a> 2008-06-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, accessed May 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coureas103-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-coureas103_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coureas103_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoureas2005" class="citation book cs1">Coureas, Nicholas (2005). "Economy". In Nicolaou-Konnari, Angel; Schabel, Chris (eds.). <i>Cyprus: Society and Culture 1191-1374</i>. BRILL. pp. 103–104.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Economy&rft.btitle=Cyprus%3A+Society+and+Culture+1191-1374&rft.pages=103-104&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Coureas&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nicolaou-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nicolaou_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nicolaou_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicolaou-Konnari2005" class="citation book cs1">Nicolaou-Konnari, Angel (2005). "Greeks". In Nicolaou-Konnari, Angel; Schabel, Chris (eds.). <i>Cyprus: Society and Culture 1191-1374</i>. BRILL. pp. 103–104.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Greeks&rft.btitle=Cyprus%3A+Society+and+Culture+1191-1374&rft.pages=103-104&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Nicolaou-Konnari&rft.aufirst=Angel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRunciman1933" class="citation journal cs1">Runciman, Steven (1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/classical-review/article/abs/leontios-makhairas-recital-concerning-the-sweet-land-of-cyprus-entitled-chronicle-edited-with-a-translation-and-notes-by-r-m-dawkins-2-vols-pp-xvi685-333-map-and-genealogical-table-oxford-clarendon-press-london-milford-1932-cloth-50s/84AF8957969D956C7E8B97E89A9CFAD0">"Leontios Makhairas: Recital concerning the Sweet Land of Cyprus entitled ' Chronicle.' Edited with a translation and notes by R. M. Dawkins. 2 vols. Pp. xvi+685, 333; map and genealogical table. Oxford: Clarendon Press (London: Milford), 1932. Cloth, 50s"</a>. <i>The Classical Review</i>. <b>47</b> (1): 43. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0009840X00061370">10.1017/S0009840X00061370</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1464-3561">1464-3561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Classical+Review&rft.atitle=Leontios+Makhairas%3A+Recital+concerning+the+Sweet+Land+of+Cyprus+entitled+%27+Chronicle.%27+Edited+with+a+translation+and+notes+by+R.+M.+Dawkins.+2+vols.+Pp.+xvi%2B685%2C+333%3B+map+and+genealogical+table.+Oxford%3A+Clarendon+Press+%28London%3A+Milford%29%2C+1932.+Cloth%2C+50s.&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=43&rft.date=1933&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0009840X00061370&rft.issn=1464-3561&rft.aulast=Runciman&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fclassical-review%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fleontios-makhairas-recital-concerning-the-sweet-land-of-cyprus-entitled-chronicle-edited-with-a-translation-and-notes-by-r-m-dawkins-2-vols-pp-xvi685-333-map-and-genealogical-table-oxford-clarendon-press-london-milford-1932-cloth-50s%2F84AF8957969D956C7E8B97E89A9CFAD0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coreas, Nicholas (2019), 'Wine Women and Song: Entertainment in Lusignan Cyprus' in Jane Chick and Michael Paraskos, eds., <i>Othello's Island 1: Selected Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Medieval and Early Modern Studies Held at CVAR, Nicosia, Cyprus</i> (London: Orage Press, 2019) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9993680-0-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9993680-0-5">978-1-9993680-0-5</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/artcyprus/docs/othello_s_island_1">Link</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFilip_Van_Tricht2011" class="citation cs2">Filip Van Tricht (2011), <i>The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204–1228)</i>, Brill</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Latin+Renovatio+of+Byzantium%3A+The+Empire+of+Constantinople+%281204%E2%80%931228%29&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Filip+Van+Tricht&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></span>, pp. 440–442.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Carr, Annemarie (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2097306/Art_in_the_Court_of_the_Lusignan_Kings?auto=download">Art in the Court of the Lusignan Kings</a></li> <li>Coureas, Nicholas (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/24551521/Latin_Cyprus_and_its_Relations_with_the_Mamluk_Sultanate_1250-1517">Latin Cyprus and its Relations with the Mamluk Sultanate, 1250-1517</a></li> <li>Coureas, Nicholas (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328021090_The_Lusignan_Kingdom_of_Cyprus_and_the_Sea_13th-15th_Centuries">The Lusignan Kingdom of Cyprus and the Sea 13th-15th Centuries</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdbury1991" class="citation book cs1">Edbury, Peter W. (1991). <i>The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades, 1191-1374</i>. Cambridge University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kingdom+of+Cyprus+and+the+Crusades%2C+1191-1374&rft.pub=Cambridge+University&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Edbury&rft.aufirst=Peter+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill1948" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Hill, George (1948). <i>A History of Cyprus</i>. Vol. II. The Frankish period 1192–1432. Cambridge University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Cyprus&rft.pub=Cambridge+University&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKyriacou2018" class="citation book cs1">Kyriacou, Chrysovalantis (2018). <i>Orthodox Cyprus under the Latins, 1191–1571: Society, Spirituality, and Identities</i>. Lexington Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orthodox+Cyprus+under+the+Latins%2C+1191%E2%80%931571%3A+Society%2C+Spirituality%2C+and+Identities&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Kyriacou&rft.aufirst=Chrysovalantis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Stubbs1886" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Stubbs" title="William Stubbs">William Stubbs</a> (1886). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Seventeen_lectures_on_the_study_of_medieval_and_modern_history_and_kindred_subjects/The_Medieval_Kingdoms_of_Cyprus_and_Armenia" class="extiw" title="s:Seventeen lectures on the study of medieval and modern history and kindred subjects/The Medieval Kingdoms of Cyprus and Armenia">The Medieval Kingdoms of Cyprus and Armenia: (Oct. 26 and 29, 1878.)</a>". <i>Seventeen lectures on the study of medieval and modern history and kindred subjects</i>: 156–207. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107247875" class="extiw" title="d:Q107247875">Q107247875</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seventeen+lectures+on+the+study+of+medieval+and+modern+history+and+kindred+subjects&rft.atitle=The+Medieval+Kingdoms+of+Cyprus+and+Armenia%3A+%28Oct.+26+and+29%2C+1878.%29&rft.pages=156-207&rft.date=1886&rft.au=William+Stubbs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoggeSabineGrünbartMichael2015" class="citation book cs1">Rogge; Sabine; Grünbart; Michael, eds. (2015). <i>Medieval Cyprus: A Place of Cultural Encounter</i>. Waxmann.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Cyprus%3A+A+Place+of+Cultural+Encounter&rft.pub=Waxmann&rft.date=2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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syllabary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot syllabary</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Cyprus" title="Ancient history of Cyprus">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_city-kingdoms_of_Cyprus" title="Ten city-kingdoms of Cyprus">Ten city-kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Persian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Revolt" title="Ionian Revolt">Ionian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Cyprus" title="Roman Cyprus">Roman Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaspora revolt">Diaspora revolt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Cyprus in the Middle Ages">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Cyprus">Byzantine Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Arab Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Cyprus" title="Venetian Cyprus">Venetian rule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Cyprus" title="Ottoman Cyprus">Ottoman rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Convention" title="Cyprus Convention">Cyprus Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">British Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_and_administrators_of_British_Cyprus" title="List of colonial governors and administrators of British Cyprus">Governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cyprus_since_1878" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Cyprus since 1878">Post-1878 overview</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">Enosis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taksim_(politics)" title="Taksim (politics)">Taksim</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Intercommunal violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Districts_of_Cyprus" title="Districts of Cyprus">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Cyprus" title="List of earthquakes in Cyprus">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cyprus_islets" title="List of Cyprus islets">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Lakes of Cyprus">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Mountains of Cyprus">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Rivers of Cyprus">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Cyprus" title="Wildlife of Cyprus">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cyprus" title="Politics of Cyprus">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Cyprus" title="Chief Justice of Cyprus">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Cyprus" title="Constitution of Cyprus">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Cyprus" title="Corruption in Cyprus">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus dispute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Cyprus" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Cyprus">UN resolutions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cyprus" title="Elections in Cyprus">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Cyprus">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cyprus" title="Human rights in Cyprus">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Cyprus">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_National_Guard" title="Cypriot National Guard">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_National_Guard_General_Staff" title="Chief of the National Guard General Staff">Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Police" title="Cyprus Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cyprus" title="List of political parties in Cyprus">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cyprus" title="Economy of Cyprus">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Cyprus" title="Agriculture in Cyprus">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Cyprus" title="List of banks in Cyprus">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Cyprus" title="Energy in Cyprus">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Stock_Exchange" title="Cyprus Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cyprus" title="Telecommunications in Cyprus">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cyprus" title="Tourism in Cyprus">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Cyprus" title="Trade unions in Cyprus">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Cyprus" title="Transport in Cyprus">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_Cypriot_financial_crisis" title="2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis">2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Society of Cyprus">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_nationality_law" title="Cypriot nationality law">Cypriot nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Cyprus" title="Languages of Cyprus">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cyprus" title="Education in Cyprus">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Cyprus" title="Health in Cyprus">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">cron</a> hybrid variant</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_name" title="Greek Cypriot name">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Cyprus" title="Poverty in Cyprus">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Cyprus" title="Public holidays in Cyprus">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cyprus" title="Religion in Cyprus">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Cyprus">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cypriot_art" title="Category:Cypriot art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cinema_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Cinema of Cyprus">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_wine" title="Cypriot wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_literature" title="Cypriot literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Cyprus" title="Category:Mass media in Cyprus">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cyprus" title="Music of Cyprus">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Cyprus" title="Sport in Cyprus">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Cyprus" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Cyprus">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cyprus" title="Demographics of Cyprus">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots" title="Greek Cypriots">Greek Cypriots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Greek Cypriot diaspora">diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Greek Cypriots in Northern Cyprus">Greek Cypriots in Northern Cyprus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Turkish Cypriots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linobambaki" title="Linobambaki">Linobambaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Turkish Cypriot diaspora">diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_settlers_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Turkish settlers in Northern Cyprus">Settlers from Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Cyprus">Armenian Cypriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Cypriots" title="Maronite Cypriots">Maronite Cypriots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Cyprus" title="National symbols of Cyprus">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hymn_to_Liberty" title="Hymn to Liberty">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Cyprus" title="Coat of arms of Cyprus">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cyprus" title="Flag of Cyprus">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Cyprus" title="Outline of Cyprus">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Cyprus-related_articles" title="Index of Cyprus-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cyprus" title="Category:Cyprus">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cyprus" title="Portal:Cyprus">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crusader_states" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Crusader_states" title="Template:Crusader states"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Crusader_states" title="Template talk:Crusader states"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Crusader_states" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Crusader states"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Crusader_states" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">Crusader states</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusader_states" title="List of Crusader states">List of Crusader states</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outremer" class="mw-redirect" title="Outremer">Levant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vassals_of_the_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem">vassals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Principality of Antioch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commune_of_Antioch" title="Commune of Antioch">Antioch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Edessa" title="County of Edessa">County of Edessa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Marash" title="Lordship of Marash">Marash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Tripoli" title="County of Tripoli">County of Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kingdom of Cyprus</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/100px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/150px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/200px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Frankokratia" title="Frankokratia">Greece</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire of Constantinople</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Philippopolis" title="Duchy of Philippopolis">Duchy of Philippopolis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Thessalonica" title="Kingdom of Thessalonica">Kingdom of Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Achaea" title="Principality of Achaea">Principality of Achaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Athens" title="Duchy of Athens">Duchy of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Neopatras" title="Duchy of Neopatras">Duchy of Neopatras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_the_Archipelago" title="Duchy of the Archipelago">Duchy of the Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triarchy_of_Negroponte" title="Triarchy of Negroponte">Triarchy of Negroponte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Palatine_of_Cephalonia_and_Zakynthos" title="County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos">County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Argos_and_Nauplia" title="Lordship of Argos and Nauplia">Lordship of Argos and Nauplia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a> <a href="/wiki/Stato_da_M%C3%A0r" title="Stato da Màr">Stato da Màr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Rhodes" title="Hospitaller Rhodes">Hospitaller Rhodes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa#Territories_during_the_Middle_Ages" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoese colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prussia_(region)" title="Prussia (region)">Prussia</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Terra_Mariana" title="Terra Mariana">Livonia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Teutonic_Order" title="State of the Teutonic Order">State of the Teutonic Order</a>* <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Order" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_Order" title="Livonian Order">Livonian Order</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_Brothers_of_the_Sword" title="Livonian Brothers of the Sword">Livonian Brothers of the Sword</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Riga" title="Archbishopric of Riga">Archbishopric of Riga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Courland" title="Bishopric of Courland">Bishopric of Courland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Dorpat" title="Bishopric of Dorpat">Bishopric of Dorpat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_%C3%96sel%E2%80%93Wiek" title="Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek">Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobrzy%C5%84_Land" title="Dobrzyń Land">Dobrzyń Land</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Dobrzy%C5%84" title="Order of Dobrzyń">Order of Dobrzyń</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Free City of Riga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)" title="Military order (religious society)">Military orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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