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Dànne 'na màne!\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Condenute" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Condenute</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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<span>Biografije</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biografije-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Biografije</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biografije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-'A_via_corte_pe_le_Indie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#'A_via_corte_pe_le_Indie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>'A via corte pe le Indie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-'A_via_corte_pe_le_Indie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Realizzazione_d'u_proggette" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Realizzazione_d'u_proggette"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Realizzazione d'u proggette</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Realizzazione_d'u_proggette-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viagge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viagge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Viagge</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Viagge-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Viagge</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Viagge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prime_viagge_pe_le_Americhe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_viagge_pe_le_Americhe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Prime viagge pe le Americhe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prime_viagge_pe_le_Americhe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seconde_viagge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seconde_viagge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Seconde viagge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seconde_viagge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terze_viagge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terze_viagge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Terze viagge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terze_viagge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quarte_viagge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quarte_viagge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Quarte viagge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quarte_viagge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-'A_morte_a_Valladolid_e_le_prime_'ngasinaminde_pe_le_reste_sue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#'A_morte_a_Valladolid_e_le_prime_'ngasinaminde_pe_le_reste_sue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>'A morte a Valladolid e le prime 'ngasinaminde pe le reste sue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-'A_morte_a_Valladolid_e_le_prime_'ngasinaminde_pe_le_reste_sue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-'A_dispute_sus_a_'u_"vere"_chiaute_d'u_scopritore_d'u_Munne_Nuève" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#'A_dispute_sus_a_'u_"vere"_chiaute_d'u_scopritore_d'u_Munne_Nuève"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>'A dispute sus a 'u "vere" chiaute d'u scopritore d'u Munne Nuève</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-'A_dispute_sus_a_'u_"vere"_chiaute_d'u_scopritore_d'u_Munne_Nuève-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-'A_scuperte_ufficiale_de_l'Americhe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#'A_scuperte_ufficiale_de_l'Americhe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>'A scuperte ufficiale de l'Americhe</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-'A_scuperte_ufficiale_de_l'Americhe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione 'A scuperte ufficiale de l'Americhe</span> </button> <ul id="toc-'A_scuperte_ufficiale_de_l'Americhe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Errore_de_calcole" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Errore_de_calcole"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Errore de calcole</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Errore_de_calcole-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retrodatazione_d'a_scuperte_de_l'Americhe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retrodatazione_d'a_scuperte_de_l'Americhe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Retrodatazione d'a scuperte de l'Americhe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retrodatazione_d'a_scuperte_de_l'Americhe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aspette_condroverse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aspette_condroverse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Aspette condroverse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aspette_condroverse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'aspette_de_Colombo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'aspette_de_Colombo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>L'aspette de Colombo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'aspette_de_Colombo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discendenze_de_Cristoforo_Colombo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discendenze_de_Cristoforo_Colombo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Discendenze de Cristoforo Colombo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discendenze_de_Cristoforo_Colombo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scupritore_d'u_mais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scupritore_d'u_mais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Scupritore d'u mais</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scupritore_d'u_mais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ove_de_Colombo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ove_de_Colombo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ove de Colombo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ove_de_Colombo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nazionalità_de_Colombo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazionalità_de_Colombo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Nazionalità de Colombo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazionalità_de_Colombo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recanusceminde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recanusceminde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Recanusceminde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recanusceminde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallerie_fotografeche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallerie_fotografeche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Gallerie fotografeche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallerie_fotografeche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibbliografije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibbliografije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Bibbliografije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibbliografije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmografije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmografije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Filmografije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmografije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Televisione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Televisione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Televisione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Televisione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-'Ndruche_pure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#'Ndruche_pure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>'Ndruche pure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-'Ndruche_pure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Otre_pruggette" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Otre_pruggette"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Otre pruggette</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Otre_pruggette-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamiende_fore_a_Uicchipèdie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamiende_fore_a_Uicchipèdie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Collegamiende fore a Uicchipèdie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamiende_fore_a_Uicchipèdie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Condenute" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cristoforo Colombo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vèje a 'na vôsce jndr'à 'n'otra lènghe. Desponibbele jndr'à 206 lènghe" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-206" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">206 lènghe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophorus_Columbus" title="Christophorus Columbus - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Christophorus Columbus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Kolumbus" title="Christoph Kolumbus - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Christoph Kolumbus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%AA%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B6%E1%8D%8E%E1%88%AD_%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%8E%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A0%E1%88%B5" title="ክሪስቶፎር ኮሎምበስ - amarico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ክሪስቶፎር ኮሎምበስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristofo_Colombo" title="Cristofo Colombo - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cristofo Colombo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - inglese antico" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglese antico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B8" title="क्रिस्टोफ़र कोलम्बस - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="क्रिस्टोफ़र कोलम्बस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3" title="كريستوفر كولومبوس - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كريستوفر كولومبوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%81_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3" title="كريسطوف كولومبوس - arabo marocchino" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كريسطوف كولومبوس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabo marocchino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3" title="كريستوفر كولومبوس - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كريستوفر كولومبوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B" title="ক্ৰিষ্টোফাৰ কলম্বাছ - assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ক্ৰিষ্টোফাৰ কলম্বাছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Col%C3%B3n" title="Cristóbal Colón - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cristóbal Colón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristoforo_Colombo" title="Cristoforo Colombo - kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Cristoforo Colombo" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B8" title="क्रिस्टोफर कोलम्बस - awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="क्रिस्टोफर कोलम्बस" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristoforo_Colombo" title="Cristoforo Colombo - aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Cristoforo Colombo" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xristofor_Kolumb" title="Xristofor Kolumb - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xristofor Kolumb" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8" title="کریستوفور‌کولومب - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کریستوفور‌کولومب" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1" title="Христофор Колумб - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Христофор Колумб" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Kolumbus" title="Christoph Kolumbus - bavarese" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Christoph Kolumbus" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristops_Kuolumbos" title="Kristops Kuolumbos - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kristops Kuolumbos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1" title="Хрыстафор Калумб - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хрыстафор Калумб" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B1" title="Хрыстафор Калюмб - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хрыстафор Калюмб" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1" title="Христофор Колумб - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Христофор Колумб" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B8" title="क्रिस्टोफर कोलंबस - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="क्रिस्टोफर कोलंबस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="ক্রিস্টোফার কলম্বাস - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্রিস্টোফার কলম্বাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%A5%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁ་རི་སི་ཐོའོ་ཧྥུ་ཀོ་ལུན་སྤུ་སི། - tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁ་རི་སི་ཐོའོ་ཧྥུ་ཀོ་ལུན་སྤུ་སི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristol_Goulm" title="Kristol Goulm - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kristol Goulm" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristofor_Kolumbo" title="Kristofor Kolumbo - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kristofor Kolumbo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1" title="Христофор Колумб - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Христофор Колумб" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist%C3%B2for_Colom" title="Cristòfor Colom - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cristòfor Colom" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1,_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Колумб, Христофор - ceceno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Колумб, Христофор" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ceceno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristobal_Colon" title="Cristobal Colon - cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Cristobal Colon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%81%DB%95%D8%B1_%DA%A9%DB%86%DA%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B3" title="کریستۆفەر کۆڵومبس - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کریستۆفەر کۆڵومبس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristofaru_Colombu" title="Cristofaru Colombu - corso" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cristofaru Colombu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hristofor_Kolumb" title="Hristofor Kolumb - turco crimeo" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Hristofor Kolumb" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turco crimeo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kry%C5%A1tof_Kolumbus" title="Kryštof Kolumbus - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kryštof Kolumbus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1" title="Христофор Колумб - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Христофор Колумб" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="voce consigliata"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoffer_Columbus" title="Christoffer Columbus - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Christoffer Columbus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Kolumbus" title="Christoph Kolumbus - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Christoph Kolumbus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristof_Kolomb" title="Kristof Kolomb - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kristof Kolomb" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B8" title="क्रिस्टोफर कोलम्बस - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="क्रिस्टोफर कोलम्बस" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Χριστόφορος Κολόμβος - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χριστόφορος Κολόμβος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristoforo_Kolumbo" title="Kristoforo Kolumbo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kristoforo Kolumbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Col%C3%B3n" title="Cristóbal Colón - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cristóbal Colón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Kolumbus" title="Christoph Kolumbus - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Christoph Kolumbus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristobal_Kolon" title="Kristobal Kolon - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kristobal Kolon" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Col%C3%B3n" title="Cristóbal Colón - estremegno" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Cristóbal Colón" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremegno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81_%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8" title="کریستف کلمب - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کریستف کلمب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristoffer_Kolumbus" title="Kristoffer Kolumbus - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kristoffer Kolumbus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolumbus%C3%B5_Christoph" title="Kolumbusõ Christoph - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kolumbusõ Christoph" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristoffur_Kolumbus" title="Kristoffur Kolumbus - faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kristoffur Kolumbus" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophe_Colomb" title="Christophe Colomb - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Christophe Colomb" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Kolumbus" title="Christoph Kolumbus - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Christoph Kolumbus" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristoful_Colomp" title="Cristoful Colomp - friulano" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cristoful Colomp" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristoffel_Kolumbus" title="Kristoffel Kolumbus - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kristoffel Kolumbus" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%ADost%C3%B3ir_Colambas" title="Críostóir Colambas - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Críostóir Colambas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E5%B8%83" title="哥倫布 - gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="哥倫布" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krist%C3%B2f_Kolon" title="Kristòf Kolon - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kristòf Kolon" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristoforo_Colombo" title="Cristoforo Colombo - gaelico scozzese" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cristoforo Colombo" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelico scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristovo_Col%C3%B3n" title="Cristovo Colón - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cristovo Colón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirit%C3%B3val_Kol%C3%B5" title="Kiritóval Kolõ - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kiritóval Kolõ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - mannese" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristoforo_Colombo" title="Cristoforo Colombo - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Cristoforo Colombo" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A1" title="כריסטופר קולומבוס - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כריסטופר קולומבוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B8" title="क्रिस्टोफ़र कोलम्बस - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्रिस्टोफ़र कोलम्बस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristofor_Kolumbo" title="Kristofor Kolumbo - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kristofor Kolumbo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krist%C3%B2f_Kolon" title="Kristòf Kolon - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kristòf Kolon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolumbusz_Krist%C3%B3f" title="Kolumbusz Kristóf - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kolumbusz Kristóf" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%B8%D6%80_%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Քրիստափոր Կոլումբոս - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քրիստափոր Կոլումբոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%86%D5%A8%D6%80_%D5%94%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Քրիսթոֆըր Քոլոմպոս - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Քրիսթոֆըր Քոլոմպոս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophoro_Columbo" title="Christophoro Columbo - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Christophoro Columbo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristofer_Kolumbus" title="Kristofer Kolumbus - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kristofer Kolumbus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristoforo_Colombo" title="Cristoforo Colombo - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Cristoforo Colombo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krist%C3%B3fer_K%C3%B3lumbus" title="Kristófer Kólumbus - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kristófer Kólumbus" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristoforo_Colombo" title="Cristoforo Colombo - italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cristoforo Colombo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%82%B9" title="クリストファー・コロンブス - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クリストファー・コロンブス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krixtifa_Kolombos" title="Krixtifa Kolombos - creolo giamaicano" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Krixtifa Kolombos" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="creolo giamaicano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/kristoforos.kolombos." title="kristoforos.kolombos. - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="kristoforos.kolombos." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ქრისტეფორე კოლუმბი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქრისტეფორე კოლუმბი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristoforo_Colombo" title="Cristoforo Colombo - kara-kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Cristoforo Colombo" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="kara-kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophe_Colomb" title="Christophe Colomb - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Christophe Colomb" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%CC%B1soba_Ka%CC%B1la%CC%B1mbwot" title="Ki̱soba Ka̱la̱mbwot - tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ki̱soba Ka̱la̱mbwot" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1" title="Христофор Колумб - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Христофор Колумб" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%94_%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86" title="គ្រីស្តុប កូឡុំ - khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="គ្រីស្តុប កូឡុំ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕ್ರಿಸ್ಟೊಫರ್ ಕೊಲಂಬಸ್ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ರಿಸ್ಟೊಫರ್ ಕೊಲಂಬಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%ED%8D%BC_%EC%BD%9C%EB%9F%BC%EB%B2%84%EC%8A%A4" title="크리스토퍼 콜럼버스 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크리스토퍼 콜럼버스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Kolumbus" title="Christoph Kolumbus - coloniese" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Christoph Kolumbus" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="coloniese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%AEstofor_Kolumbus" title="Krîstofor Kolumbus - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Krîstofor Kolumbus" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristoforo_Colombo" title="Cristoforo Colombo - cornico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Cristoforo Colombo" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1" title="Христофор Колумб - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Христофор Колумб" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophorus_Columbus" title="Christophorus Columbus - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Christophorus Columbus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristof_Kolomb" title="Kristof Kolomb - giudeo-spagnolo" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kristof Kolomb" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="giudeo-spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Kolumbus" title="Christoph Kolumbus - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Christoph Kolumbus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1" title="Христофор Колумб - lesgo" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Христофор Колумб" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristoforo_Colombo" title="Cristoforo Colombo - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cristoforo Colombo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoffel_Columbus" title="Christoffel Columbus - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Christoffel Columbus" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristoffa_Combo" title="Cristoffa Combo - ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Cristoffa Combo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristoforo_Colombo" title="Cristoforo Colombo - ladino" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cristoforo Colombo" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist%C3%B2foro_Col%C3%B3mbo" title="Cristòforo Colómbo - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cristòforo Colómbo" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristupas_Kolumbas" title="Kristupas Kolumbas - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kristupas Kolumbas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristofors_Kolumbs" title="Kristofors Kolumbs - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kristofors Kolumbs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B8" title="क्रिस्टोफर कोलम्बस - maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="क्रिस्टोफर कोलम्बस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristoforus_Kolumbus" title="Kristoforus Kolumbus - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kristoforus Kolumbus" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophe_Colomb" title="Christophe Colomb - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Christophe Colomb" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - menangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="menangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Кристофер Колумбо - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кристофер Колумбо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ക്രിസ്റ്റഫർ കൊളംബസ് - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്രിസ്റ്റഫർ കൊളംബസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1" title="Христофер Колумб - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Христофер Колумб" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B" title="क्रिस्तोफोरो कोलोंबो - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="क्रिस्तोफोरो कोलोंबो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1,_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Колумб, Христофор - mari occidentale" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Колумб, Христофор" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristofru_Kolombu" title="Kristofru Kolombu - maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kristofru Kolombu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristobo_Colombo" title="Cristobo Colombo - mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Cristobo Colombo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%96%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B6%E1%80%98%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ခရစ္စတိုဖာ ကိုလံဘတ် - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခရစ္စတိုဖာ ကိုလံဘတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8" title="کریستوفر کلمب - mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کریستوفر کلمب" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Kolumbus" title="Christoph Kolumbus - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Christoph Kolumbus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoffel_Columbus" title="Christoffel Columbus - basso tedesco olandese" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Christoffel Columbus" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B8" title="क्रिस्टोफर कोलम्बस - nepalese" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="क्रिस्टोफर कोलम्बस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B8" title="क्रिस्टोफर कोलम्बस - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्रिस्टोफर कोलम्बस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoffel_Columbus" title="Christoffel Columbus - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Christoffel Columbus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristoffer_Columbus" title="Kristoffer Columbus - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kristoffer Columbus" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christofer_Columbus" title="Christofer Columbus - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Christofer Columbus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9E%DF%99%DF%8C%DF%9B%DF%91%DF%95%DF%90%DF%9D_%DF%9E%DF%90%DF%9F%DF%90%DF%B2%DF%93" title="ߞߙߌߛߑߕߐߝ ߞߐߟߐ߲ߓ - n’ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߞߙߌߛߑߕߐߝ ߞߐߟߐ߲ߓ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophe_Coloumb" title="Christophe Coloumb - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Christophe Coloumb" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist%C3%B2l_Colomb" title="Cristòl Colomb - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cristòl Colomb" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristoffer_Kolumbus" title="Kristoffer Kolumbus - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kristoffer Kolumbus" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B8" title="କଲମ୍ବସ - odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କଲମ୍ବସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1,_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Колумб, Христофор - ossetico" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Колумб, Христофор" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B8" title="ਕ੍ਰਿਸਟੋਫ਼ਰ ਕੋਲੰਬਸ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕ੍ਰਿਸਟੋਫ਼ਰ ਕੋਲੰਬਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Col%C3%B3n" title="Cristóbal Colón - papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Cristóbal Colón" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristofe_Colomb" title="Cristofe Colomb - piccardo" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Cristofe Colomb" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="piccardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krzysztof_Kolumb" title="Krzysztof Kolumb - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krzysztof Kolumb" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist%C3%B2fo_Colomb" title="Cristòfo Colomb - piemontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cristòfo Colomb" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B3" title="کولمبس - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کولمبس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B3" title="کریستوفر کولومبس - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کریستوفر کولومبس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist%C3%B3v%C3%A3o_Colombo" title="Cristóvão Colombo - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cristóvão Colombo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiristuphar_Kulun" title="Kiristuphar Kulun - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kiristuphar Kulun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristof_Columbus" title="Cristof Columbus - romancio" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Cristof Columbus" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romancio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristofor_Columb" title="Cristofor Columb - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cristofor Columb" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1,_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Колумб, Христофор - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Колумб, Христофор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1" title="Крістофор Колумб - ruteno" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Крістофор Колумб" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruteno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Колумб Христофор - sacha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Колумб Христофор" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sacha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8_%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱠᱷᱨᱤᱥᱴᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱟᱥ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱷᱨᱤᱥᱴᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱟᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristoforo_Colombo" title="Cristoforo Colombo - sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Cristoforo Colombo" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist%C3%B2furu_Culommu" title="Cristòfuru Culommu - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cristòfuru Culommu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - scozzese" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%BD%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1_%DA%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B3" title="ڪرسٽوفر ڪولمبس - sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪرسٽوفر ڪولمبس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristofor_Kolumbo" title="Kristofor Kolumbo - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kristofor Kolumbo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="ක්‍රිස්ටෝෆර් කොළොම්බස් - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ක්‍රිස්ටෝෆර් කොළොම්බස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kri%C5%A1tof_Kolumbus" title="Krištof Kolumbus - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Krištof Kolumbus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kri%C5%A1tof_Kolumb" title="Krištof Kolumb - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Krištof Kolumb" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristoffer_Kolombus" title="Kristoffer Kolombus - somalo" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kristoffer Kolombus" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristofor_Kolombi" title="Kristofor Kolombi - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kristofor Kolombi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Кристифор Колумбо - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кристифор Колумбо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Kolumbus" title="Christoph Kolumbus - saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Christoph Kolumbus" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christofer_Columbus" title="Christofer Columbus - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Christofer Columbus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristoforo_Kolumbus" title="Kristoforo Kolumbus - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kristoforo Kolumbus" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krzisztof_Kol%C5%AFmb" title="Krzisztof Kolůmb - slesiano" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Krzisztof Kolůmb" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="slesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelistuhu.kelunpu" title="Kelistuhu.kelunpu - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Kelistuhu.kelunpu" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="கிறித்தோபர் கொலம்பசு - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிறித்தோபர் கொலம்பசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="క్రిస్టోఫర్ కొలంబస్ - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="క్రిస్టోఫర్ కొలంబస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1" title="Христофор Колумб - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Христофор Колумб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="คริสโตเฟอร์ โคลัมบัส - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสโตเฟอร์ โคลัมบัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hristofor_Kolumb" title="Hristofor Kolumb - turcomanno" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Hristofor Kolumb" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcomanno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xristofor_Kolumb" title="Xristofor Kolumb - taliscio" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Xristofor Kolumb" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="taliscio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristof_Kolomb" title="Kristof Kolomb - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kristof Kolomb" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1" title="Христофор Колумб - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Христофор Колумб" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1,_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Колумб, Христофор - tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Колумб, Христофор" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%DB%87%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88" title="كولۇمبو - uiguro" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كولۇمبو" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1" title="Христофор Колумб - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Христофор Колумб" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B3" title="کرسٹوفر کولمبس - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کرسٹوفر کولمبس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xristofor_Kolumb" title="Xristofor Kolumb - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xristofor Kolumb" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist%C3%B2foro_Co%C5%82onbo" title="Cristòforo Cołonbo - veneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cristòforo Cołonbo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolumb_Hristofor" title="Kolumb Hristofor - vepso" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kolumb Hristofor" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristoforo_Colombo" title="Cristoforo Colombo - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cristoforo Colombo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristoforo_Colombo" title="Cristoforo Colombo - volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Cristoforo Colombo" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristofe_Colombe" title="Cristofe Colombe - vallone" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Cristofe Colombe" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Col%C3%B3n" title="Cristóbal Colón - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cristóbal Colón" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%BC%97%C2%B7%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E5%B8%83" title="克里斯托弗·哥伦布 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="克里斯托弗·哥伦布" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1,_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Колумб, Христофор - kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Колумб, Христофор" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ქრისტეფორე კოლუმბი - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქრისტეფორე კოლუმბი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A1" title="קריסטאפער קאלאמבוס - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קריסטאפער קאלאמבוס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus - zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Christopher Columbus" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoffel_Columbus" title="Christoffel Columbus - zelandese" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Christoffel Columbus" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%BC%E2%B5%94_%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99" title="ⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜⵓⴼⵔ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵓⵙ - tamazight del Marocco standard" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜⵓⴼⵔ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵓⵙ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight del Marocco standard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%BC%97%C2%B7%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E5%B8%83" title="克里斯托弗·哥伦布 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克里斯托弗·哥伦布" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E5%B8%83" title="哥倫布 - cinese classico" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="哥倫布" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="cinese classico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophorus_Columbus" title="Christophorus Columbus - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Christophorus Columbus" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E6%9D%9C%E5%8C%96%C2%B7%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E5%B8%83" title="基斯杜化·哥倫布 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="基斯杜化·哥倫布" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7322#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Cange le collegaminde inder lènghe" class="wbc-editpage">Cange le collegaminde</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cristoforo_Colombo" title="Vide 'a pàgene cu le condenute [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Vôsce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussione:Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="'Ngazzaminde sus 'a pàgene de le condenute (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>'Ngazzaminde</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cange 'a variande d'a lènghe" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" 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pàgene cu VisualEditor [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Cange</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit" title="Cange 'u codece sorgende de sta pàgene [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Cange 'a sorgende</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=history" title="Versiune passete de sta pàgene [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vide 'u cunde</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Struminde" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" 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laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">scunne</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cristoforo_Colombo"><span>Ligge</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit" title="Cange sta pàgene cu VisualEditor [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Cange</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit" title="Cange 'u codece sorgende de sta 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href="/wiki/File:Nota_disambigua.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aiuto:Disambiguazione&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Disambiguazzione</a> – Ce ste cirche otre occorrenze pe stu nome, 'ndruche <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo,_disambigue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cristoforo Colombo, disambigue (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Cristoforo Colombo, disambigue</a></b>.</i></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r144936">.mw-parser-output .citazione-table{margin-bottom:.5em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .citazione-table td{padding:0 1.2em 0 2.4em}.mw-parser-output .citazione-lang{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .citazione-lang td{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .citazione-lang td:first-child{padding:0 0 0 2.4em}.mw-parser-output .citazione-lang td:nth-child(2){padding:0 1.2em}</style><table class="citazione-table"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p>«Divinò un mondo e fu deriso: lo scoprì e fu calunniato:<br />lo diede a un re<br />e n'ebbe catene<br />O sacro, infelicissimo capo<br />solo ti fu giusta la morte<br />che t'asilò gloriando nell'infinito.» </p> </td> </tr> <tr><td>(<small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Rapisardi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Rapisardi (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Mario Rapisardi</a></small>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="width:200px; clear:right; float:right; border:solid #CCCCCC 1px; text-align:left; margin:0 1em .5em 1em; font-size:90%; background:#F9F9F9; padding:.3em;"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CristobalColon2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/CristobalColon2.jpg/200px-CristobalColon2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/CristobalColon2.jpg/300px-CristobalColon2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/CristobalColon2.jpg/400px-CristobalColon2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Ritratte de Colombo </p> </div> <p><b>Cristoforo Colombo</b> (jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A8nga_latine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lènga latine (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">latine</a>: <i>Christophorus Columbus</i>, jndr'à 'u <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_spagnole" title="Lènga spagnole">spagnole</a>: <i>Cristóbal Colón</i>; <a href="/wiki/Genove" title="Genove">Genove</a>, 'mbrà 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=26_aguste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="26 aguste (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">26 aguste</a> e 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=31_ottommre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="31 ottommre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">31 ottommre</a> 1451<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valladolid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valladolid (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Valladolid</a>, 20 masce 1506) ha state  'nu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esploratore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esploratore (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">esploratore</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Navigatore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navigatore (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">navigatore</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Repubblica_di_Genova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repubblica di Genova (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">genovese</a> , cetadine d'a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Repubbleche_de_Genove&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repubbleche de Genove (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Repubbleche de Genove</a> apprime e suddite <a href="/wiki/Spagne" title="Spagne">spagnole</a> pò. Ha state une de le cinghe prengepàle navigature tagliàne ca pigghiarene parte a 'u processe de esplorazione de le granne scuperte sciugrafeche a cavalle 'mbrà 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=XV_sechele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XV sechele (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">XV</a> e 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=XVI_sechele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XVI sechele (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">XVI sechele</a>. Adda dicere grazie a 'a fama mundiale soje a 'a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scuperte_de_l%27Americhe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scuperte de l'Americhe (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">scuperte d'u condinende americane</a>, avvenute 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=12_ottommre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12 ottommre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">12 ottommre</a> d'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1492&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1492 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1492</a>, sciurne celebbrate in <a href="/wiki/Spagne" title="Spagne">Spagne</a> e jndr'à le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Americhe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Americhe (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Americhe</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origgene">Origgene</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Cange 'a sezione: Origgene" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Origgene"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>'U fatte ca Cristoforo Colombo ha quase sembre scritte le lettere sue in <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_spagnole" title="Lènga spagnole">spagnole</a> cu quacche "<a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A8nga_catalane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lènga catalane (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">catalanisme</a>", non g'è 'na prove ca le origgene sue erane spagnole. </p><p>Semblicemende purcé, essenne le interesse sue prengepàle jndr'à penisole iberiche e revolgennese sembre, jndr'à le lettere sue, a inderlocuture iberice, avera ausà le lènghe iberiche. Siccoma ca avere vissute 'nu sachce de anne in <a href="/wiki/Purtugalle" title="Purtugalle">Purtugalle</a> e in <a href="/wiki/Spagne" title="Spagne">Spagne</a>, apparte ca jndr'à <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalogne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catalogne (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Catalogne</a> de osce a die, avère 'mbarate jndr'à 'nu mode approssimative le ttre lènghe iberiche e assaije vote le ausave condemboraneamende. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografije">Biografije</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Cange 'a sezione: Biografije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Biografije"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rapallo-IMG_1618.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rapallo-IMG_1618.JPG/250px-Rapallo-IMG_1618.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rapallo-IMG_1618.JPG/375px-Rapallo-IMG_1618.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rapallo-IMG_1618.JPG/500px-Rapallo-IMG_1618.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Statue dedicate a Colombo a <a href="/wiki/Rapallo" title="Rapallo">Rapallo</a>. Seconde certe fonde storeche 'u navigatore ere origgenarie d'a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Val_Fontanabuona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Val Fontanabuona (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Val Fontanabuona</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Prime de quattre figghie (ttre frate e 'na sore) de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dumeneche_Colombo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dumeneche Colombo (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Dumeneche</a> ("Dominicus Columbus quomdam Johannis") e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susanna_Fontanarossa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susanna Fontanarossa (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Susanna Fontanarossa</a> ("Sozana de Fontana Rubea"), picche se sape d'a vita soje 'mbonde a 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1470&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1470 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1470</a> ce none 'u fatte ca, cu ogne probbabbeletà, nascìe jndr'à 'u territorie genovese.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jndr'à 'na lettere jidde stesse dice de avè accumenzate a navigà quanne tenève quatturdece anne. Quidde ca se sape de secure jè ca jndr'à 'u 1470 'a famigghie d'u future navigatore s'avere trasferite a <a href="/wiki/Savona" class="mw-redirect" title="Savona">Savona</a>, cetate jndr'à quale l'attane avere rilevate 'a gestione de 'na taverne. Apprisse ca avere prestate servizie sotte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Renato_d%27Angi%C3%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renato d'Angiò (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Renato d'Angiò</a>, jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1473&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1473 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1473</a> Cristoforo accumenzò l'apprendistate cumme agente commerciale pe le traffece de merce gestite da le famigghie Centurione, Di Negro e Spinola, pe ste tre famigghie, almene 'mbonde a 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1473&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1473 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1473</a>. </p><p>Jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1474&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1474 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1474</a> scìe a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chio (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Chio</a> in <a href="/wiki/Grecie" title="Grecie">Grecie</a> eppò in <a href="/wiki/Purtugalle" title="Purtugalle">Purtugalle</a>. Jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1476&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1476 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1476</a> Colombo sciè a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bristol (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Bristol</a>, dope ca avere fatte, forse, parte d'a flotte genovese, ca avera scè in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inghilterre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inghilterre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Inghilterre</a>, ca avenìe attaccate da nave frangise a 'u larie d'u Capo Viscinze. Pò scìe a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galway,_cetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galway, cetate (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Galway</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irlande (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Irlande</a> e jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1477&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1477 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1477</a> pare ca raggiungìe l'<a href="/wiki/Islanne" title="Islanne">Islanne</a>. </p><p>Verse 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1479&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1479 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1479</a> Colombo se trasferìe a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lisbone (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Lisbone</a>, condinuanne a commercià sulamende pa famigghie Centurione, cu 'nu ritorne veloce in <a href="/wiki/Liguria" class="mw-redirect" title="Liguria">Liguria</a>. Jndr'à stu periode se 'nzurò cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filippa_Moniz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filippa Moniz (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Filippa Moniz</a>, figghie de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bartolomeo_Perestrello,_%27u_Vecchie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bartolomeo Perestrello, 'u Vecchie (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Bartolomeo Perestrello, 'u Vecchie</a> (genovese e governatore de le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azzorre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azzorre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Azzorre</a>), e de Isabel Moniz, da 'a quale jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1481&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1481 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1481</a> avìe 'nu figghie, Diego, e se penze ca scìe a iavetà jndr'à case d'a mugghiere a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Puerte_Sande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puerte Sande (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Puerte Sande</a>. Seconde otre fonde remanìe a Lisbona a case de jedde. Comungue, 'nu picche de timbe apprisse se ne scìe a Lisbona, addò 'u frate Bartolomeo fatiave cumme <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cartografije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cartografije (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">cartografe</a> cumme ere d'ause 'mbrà 'nu sacche de genovese de quedde epoche ca stavane jndr'à quedda cetate. Ha state quase securamende jndr'à stu periode d'a vita soje - 'mbrà 'u viagge a Galway e in Islanne jndr'à 'u 1477 e 'u soggiorne a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madera (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Madera</a> e 'u successive a Lisbona jndr'à 'u 1479 - ca jndr'à cape de Cristoforo Colombo accumenzò a pigghià forme 'u disegne d'a rotte breve pe le Indie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="'A_via_corte_pe_le_Indie"><span id=".27A_via_corte_pe_le_Indie"></span>'A via corte pe le Indie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Cange 'a sezione: 'A via corte pe le Indie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: 'A via corte pe le Indie"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cristoforo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/roa-tara/thumb/e/e1/Cristoforo.jpg/80px-Cristoforo.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/roa-tara/thumb/e/e1/Cristoforo.jpg/120px-Cristoforo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/roa-tara/thumb/e/e1/Cristoforo.jpg/160px-Cristoforo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1317" data-file-height="3832" /></a><figcaption>Statue dedicate a Colombo a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barcellone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barcellone (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Barcellone</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Basannese sus a le carte sciugrafeche d'u seroghese, sus a le cunde de le marenare e sus a le reperte (canne, legne e otre) acchiate a 'u larie de le coste de le isole d'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mare_Oceane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mare Oceane (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Mare Oceane</a>) l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceane_Atlandiche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oceane Atlandiche (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Oceane Atlandiche</a>), Colombo accumenzò a convingerse ca apprisse a le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azzore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azzore (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Azzore</a> avera stà 'na terre e ca queste non ge putesse essere otre ca l'Asia. </p><p>A Lisbona Cristoforo accumenzò a documendarse e a leggere teste sciugrafece, cumme 'a <i>Historia rerum ubique gestarum</i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papa_Pio_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papa Pio II (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">papa Pio II</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enea_Silvio_Piccolomini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enea Silvio Piccolomini (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Enea Silvio Piccolomini</a>) stambate jndr'à 'u 1477, l'<i>Imago mundi</i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_d%27Ailly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre d'Ailly (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Pierre d'Ailly</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1480&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1480 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1480</a>) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_Milione&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Il Milione (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Il Milione</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marche_Polo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marche Polo (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Marche Polo</a>. </p><p>'Na decisione 'mbortande pò pigghiate da Colombo ha arrevate sicuramende da 'na lettere ca jndr'à 'u 1474 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paolo_Toscanelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paolo Toscanelli (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Paolo Toscanelli</a> mannò a 'nu canoneche de Lisbona, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernando_Martins_de_Reriz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernando Martins de Reriz (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Fernão Martins de Reriz</a>. Jndr'à missive, ca quase securametde Colombo canusceve, 'u fiseche fiorendine penzave ca se puteve fà 'na rotte verse ovest pe arrevà a l'<a href="/wiki/India" class="mw-redirect" title="India">India</a>. </p><p>Apprisse ca avere chieste inutilmende a 'u Re <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuanne_II_de_Purtugalle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuanne II de Purtugalle (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Giuanne II</a> le turnise ca servivane pu proggette sue, Colombo jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1485&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1485 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1485</a>, apprisse 'a morte d'a mugghiere, se ne scìe a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palos (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Palos</a> cu 'u figghie. Apprisse ca avere state a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cordova (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Cordova</a> e a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siviglia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siviglia (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Siviglia</a>, jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1486&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1486 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1486</a> Colombo se presendò nnande a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinande_II_de_Aragone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinande II de Aragone (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Ferdinando II de Aragón</a> e de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabbelle_de_Castiglie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isabbelle de Castiglie (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Isabel de Castilla</a>, a le quale presendò 'u proggette sue de scè pe mare in <a href="/wiki/Cina" class="mw-redirect" title="Cina">Catai</a> e in <a href="/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone">Cipango</a>. Ma 'na commissione riunite pe valutà le possibbiletà de assute d'u viagge scettò 'nderre 'a proposte. </p><p>Jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1488&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1488 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1488</a> Colombo avìe 'n'otre figghie, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernando_Colombo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernando Colombo (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Fernando Colombo</a>, da Beatriz Enríquez Arana, 'na femmene de condizione umile, genuine e discrete. </p><p>Jndr'à l'anne seguende Colombo cercò cchiù e cchiù vote de farse sendè da 'a corte castigliane e decedìe de rivolgerse pure, tramete 'u frate Bartolomeo, a le Re d'Inghilterre e de <a href="/wiki/Frange" title="Frange">Frange</a>. </p><p>Jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1492&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1492 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1492</a>, cu l'attese, ca non ge spicciave maje 'u navigatore avere arrevate oramaie a le limite d'a resistenze e, apprisse sette anne de soggiorne in <a href="/wiki/Spagne" title="Spagne">Spagne</a>, pure le risorse economeche sue se avere ridotte a 'u punde de nò riuscì a penzà a 'a famigghia soje, economicamende parlanne.<sup id="cite_ref-Superquark_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Superquark-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Realizzazione_d'u_proggette"><span id="Realizzazione_d.27u_proggette"></span>Realizzazione d'u proggette</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Cange 'a sezione: Realizzazione d'u proggette" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Realizzazione d'u proggette"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Comungue, probbie jndr'à 'u 1492, succedìe 'nu fatte ca sbloccò 'mbrovvisamende 'a situazione de stalle jndr'à quale Colombo s'acchiave. In seguite a l'aunione de le corone d'a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castiglie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castiglie (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Castiglie</a> e de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aragone (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Aragone</a>, ed a 'u termine d'a conguiste de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Granada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Granada (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Granada</a> addò ave partecipate 'nzigne a 'u 1° scennare 1492, Colombo, grazie a l'indermediazione d'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duche (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">duche</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medinaceli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medinaceli (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Medinaceli</a> e da 'u tesoriere de corte Luis de Santangel, raggiunse 'nu accorde cu Isabbelle soprattutte grazie a 'u confessore de jèdde, 'u frangiscane Juan Pérez. </p><p>Decisive avere state 'u condrebbute d'u vescove <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Geraldini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alessandro Geraldini (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Alessandro Geraldini</a> origgenarie d'a cetate de <a href="/wiki/Amelia_(TR)" title="Amelia (TR)">Amelia</a>, pure jidde confessore d'a reggine Isabbelle e amiche personale de Colombo e d'u frate Andonie; pe insistenza soje, 'a reggine se convengìe definitivamende a consendì 'u viagge d'u granne navigatore. Colombo inditolò une de le isole d'u munne nuève a Graziosa, mamese d'u Geraldini e 'u prelate devendò pure 'u prime vescove residenziale de le Americhe. </p><p>Seconde 'u condratte (<i>Capitolaciones</i>), firmate 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=17_abbrile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="17 abbrile (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">17 abbrile</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1492&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1492 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1492</a> a Santa Fè, Colombo, ce avesse riuscite jndr'à 'u viagge, avesse avute 'u titele de ammiraglie e 'a careche de <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicer%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viceré (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Viceré</a></i> e <i>Governatore de le terre scuperte</i>. 'A somme necessarie pe l'armamende d'a flotte, pare a 2.000.000 de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maraved%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maravedí (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">maravedí</a>, avera essere versate metà da 'a corte e metà da Colombo, finanziate da quacche banghiere genovese, 'mbrà le quale 'u Banghe de San Giorgie e 'u Berardi. Ere comungue, 'na somme modeste pe chidde timbe. Se calculesce, infatte ca quedde ca se avera essere rivelate cumme une de le cchiù 'mbortande spediziune d'a sotrie umane, avenìe finanziate cu 'na spese comblessive ca sceve 'mbrà le 20.000 e 60.000 euro de osce a die.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Avenerene accussì allestite tre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caravelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caravelle (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Caravelle</a>, 'a <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanda_Marije,_nave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanda Marije, nave (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Sanda Marije</a></i> (avveramende se trattave de 'na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caracca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caracca (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">caracca</a>), de 150 tunnellate, capitanate da Colombo, 'a <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinta,_nave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinta, nave (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Pinta</a></i> de 140 t. e 'a <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ni%C3%B1a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niña (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Niña</a></i> de 100 t., a 'u comande de doje armature de Palos, Martin Alonso Pinzón e 'u frate sue Vicente Yáñez Pinzón. 'U pilote d'a flotte ere 'u candabbreche <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_de_la_Cosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan de la Cosa (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Juan de la Cosa</a>, proprietarie d'a Sanda Marije. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viagge">Viagge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Cange 'a sezione: Viagge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Viagge"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viajes_de_colon_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Viajes_de_colon_en.svg/300px-Viajes_de_colon_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Viajes_de_colon_en.svg/450px-Viajes_de_colon_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Viajes_de_colon_en.svg/600px-Viajes_de_colon_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption>Le quattre viagge de Colombo</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prime_viagge_pe_le_Americhe">Prime viagge pe le Americhe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Cange 'a sezione: Prime viagge pe le Americhe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Prime viagge pe le Americhe"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>'A partenze avenìe 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=3_aguste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3 aguste (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">3 aguste</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1492&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1492 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1492</a> da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palos_de_la_Frontera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palos de la Frontera (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Palos de la Frontera</a> cu 'n'equipagge comblessive de 120 crestiane. Apprisse 'nu scale de cchiù o mene 'nu mese jndr'à l'<a href="/wiki/Isole_Canarie" title="Isole Canarie">Isole Canarie</a>, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Gomera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Gomera (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">La Gomera</a>, pe fà rifornimende e cangiaminde a 'a velature<sup id="cite_ref-Superquark_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Superquark-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, le ttre nave repigghiarene 'u larìe 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=6_settemmre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6 settemmre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">6 settemmre</a>. Spingiute da le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alisei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alisei (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">alisei</a> - le quale effette Colombo demostrò de intuirle satte-satte, auniformanne a 'u lore alità 'a rotta soje - le caravelle navigarene pe 'nu mese senze ca le marenare riuscivane a vedè 'nu picche de terre. </p><p>Le ommene de l'equipagge averene accumenzate a preoccuparse ggià quacche sciurne apprisse 'a partenza, penzanne ca 'u soffià condinue de le vinde verse ovest avesse fatte addevendà 'mbossibbele 'u retorne.<sup id="cite_ref-Superquark_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Superquark-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'U <a href="/w/index.php?title=16_settemmre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="16 settemmre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">16 settemmre</a> le caravelle traserene jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mare_de_le_Sargassi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mare de le Sargassi (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Mare de le Sargassi</a>, e Colombo approfittò de l'evidenze de alghe ca assevane 'mbacce a l'acque - 'nu fenomene caratteristeche de stu mare - pe dicere ca ste vegetale erane sicuramende indizie de l'esistenze de terre vicine (cose ca non g'ere vere), e allore pe tranquillizzà temboraneamende le ommene sue.<sup id="cite_ref-Superquark_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Superquark-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cu le sciurnate ca passavane le tenziune a borde de le caravelle aumendavane sembre de cchiù. </p><p>'U <a href="/w/index.php?title=7_ottommre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7 ottommre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">7 ottommre</a> Colombo decedìe de scè verse sud-ovest, avenne viste certe acidde ca scevene verse quedda direzione. Ma 'u 10 ottommre sckattò 'n'ammutinamende: l'equipagge minacciò a 'u comandande de scè subbete subbete verse est e turnà rrete. Colombo, forte de le conoscenze nautiche soje e d'u studie d'a rotte ca avere combiute jndr'à 'u corse d'u viagge, arrevò a 'n'accorde: ce endre ttre sciurne le vedette non g'avessere 'ndrucate nisciuna terre, le caravelle avessere turnate rrete.<sup id="cite_ref-Superquark_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Superquark-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'11 ottommre 'nu marenare pescò jndr'à 'u mare 'nu fiore fresche;<sup id="cite_ref-Superquark_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Superquark-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oramaie se vedevane assaije vote ramoscelle e vegetale e sulamende 'a vicinanze de 'na terre fore da l'acque puteve giustificà ste retrovaminde. </p><p>'A notte de l'11 ottommre - cumme pò repurtò sus a 'u libbre de borde - Colombo se decìe convinde d'avè 'ndrucate jndr'à 'u buie, lundane lundane, 'na luce, «<i>como una candelilla que se levava y se adelantaba</i>» (cumme 'na cannella piccenna piccenne ca se 'nzeppave e se aggitave). Finalmende, a le doje de notte d'u venerdìe, <a href="/w/index.php?title=12_ottommre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12 ottommre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">12 ottommre</a> 1492, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodrigo_de_Triana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodrigo de Triana (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Rodrigo de Triana</a>, a borde d'a <i>Pinta</i>, vedìe 'a terre.<br /> Colombo decedìe de aspettà 'n'otre sciurne; jndr'à stu mode le caravelle riuscirene a acchià 'nu varche jndr'à <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barriera_coralline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barriera coralline (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">barriera coralline</a> e a scettà l'ancora senze incidende. </p><p>A l'albe Colombo sbarcò sus a 'n'isole, chiamate <i>Guanahani</i> da le indigene, ca jidde battezzò <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Salvador,_Bahamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Salvador, Bahamas (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">San Salvador</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg/300px-Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg/450px-Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg/600px-Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2724" data-file-height="2062" /></a><figcaption>Colombo sbarcate jndr'à 'u Munne Nuève</figcaption></figure> <p>Colombo e 'a ciurma soje avenerene accolte cu granne cortesie e condiscendenze da le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taino,_popole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taino, popole (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Taino</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 'a tribbù ca javetave sus a l'isole. Jidde stesse, jndr'à relaziona soje, sottolinèe cchiù vote 'a gentilezze e 'u spirite èacifiche de le ospite sue: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r144936" /><table class="citazione-table"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p>«gli abitanti di essa (...) mancano di armi, che sono a loro quasi ignote, né a queste son adatti, non per la deformità del corpo, essendo anzi molto ben formati, ma perché timidi e paurosi (...) Del resto, quando si vedono sicuri, deposto ogni timore, sono molto semplici e di buona fede, e liberalissimi di tutto quel che posseggono: a chi ne lo richieggia nessuno nega ciò che ha, ché anzi essi stessi ci invitano a chiedere» </p> </td> </tr> <tr><td>(<small>Cristoforo Colombo, Prima relazione sus a 'u viagge jndr'à 'u Munne Nuève, 14 marzo 1493 <sup id="cite_ref-Vaccari_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vaccari-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>L'esplorazione de l'isole non ge davìe le resultate sperate, purcè Colombo non g'acchiò le ricchezze descritte da Marche Polo. Repigghiate 'u mare, 'a spediziona soje esplorò 'a coste nord-oriendale de <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>. </p><p>'A sere d'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=27_ottommre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="27 ottommre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">27 ottommre</a> 1492, le caravelle de Colombo arrevarene a 'a fonde de Cayo Bariay a Cuba, osce a die 'a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinge_de_Holguin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provinge de Holguin (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Provinge de Holguin</a>, 'u sciurne successive mannò l'ammiraglie sue a esplorà 'a terraferme. Jndr'à 'u diarie de borde de dumeneche <a href="/w/index.php?title=28_ottommre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="28 ottommre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">28 ottommre</a> 1492 acchiame scritte: "<i>Es la isla mas hermosa que ojos humanos hayan visto</i>" (<i>"Jè l'isole cchiù belle ca uecchije umane ha maje viste"</i>). </p><p>Cchiù nnande esplorò quedde settendrionale de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haiti (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Haiti</a>, raggiunde 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=5_decemmre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5 decemmre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">5 decemmre</a> e 'a chiamò Hispaniola. Aqquà 'a <i>Sanda Marije</i> pigghiò de ponde 'nu scuegghie e avenìe abbandunate. Colombo facìe costruì 'nu forte, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Navidad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Navidad (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">La Navidad</a></i>, addò lassò 'na vanne de l'equipagge. </p><p>'U <a href="/w/index.php?title=2_scennare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2 scennare (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">2 scennare</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1493&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1493 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1493</a> Colmbo repigghiò 'a rotte verse l'<a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. Apprisse de 'na tembeste ca 'u costrengìe a attraccà a òe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azzorre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azzorre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Azzorre</a>, sus a l'isole de Sanda Marije, addo le guvernature locale cercarebe a l'inizie de trattenerle cu 'a forze. Riuscite a repartì, Colombo arrevò a Restelo, vicine a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lisbone (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Lisbone</a> 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=4_marze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4 marze (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">4 marze</a>. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rui_de_Pina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rui de Pina (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Rui de Pina</a>, umaniste portoghese a 'a corte de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuanne_II_de_Purtugalle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuanne II de Purtugalle (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Giuanne II</a>, screvìe de l'arrive sue in <a href="/wiki/Purtugalle" title="Purtugalle">Purtugalle</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r144936" /><table class="citazione-table"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p>«'U <a href="/w/index.php?title=6_marze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6 marze (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">6 marze</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1493&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1493 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1493</a> ha arrevate da le Antille de Castiglia Cristoforo Colombo, tagliàne...» </p> </td> </tr></tbody></table> <p>'U <a href="/w/index.php?title=8_marze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8 marze (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">8 marze</a> Colombo avenìe invitate da 'u Re a 'a corte portoghese, duranne 'u viagge se fermò pe ordene d'a reggine 'a mugghiera soje, Leonora pe visitarle e 'mbormarle, l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=1_marze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1 marze (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1 marze</a>, a 'u <i>Convende de Santo António dos Capuchos</i>, vecine de <i>Nossa Senhora da Conceição dos Povos</i> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vila_Franca_de_Xira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vila Franca de Xira (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Vila Franca de Xira</a>. </p><p>Apprisse ca avere state ricevute da 'u Re <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuanne_II_d%27u_Purtugalle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuanne II d'u Purtugalle (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Giuanne II d'u Purtugalle</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vale_do_Para%C3%ADso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vale do Paraíso (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Vale do Paraíso</a>, vecine a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azambuja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azambuja (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Azambuja</a>, 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=10_marze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10 marze (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">10 marze</a>, Colombo scennìe 'u fiume <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tago (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Tago</a> pe fà visite a le amice vecchie sue de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Santar%C3%A9m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santarém (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Santarém</a>. </p><p>Cchiù nnande, 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=15_marze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15 marze (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">15 marze</a> 1493, arrevò via mare a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palos (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Palos</a>, in Castiglia. Aqquà Colombo, ca avere purtate cu jidde 'nu picche de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ore (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">ore</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabacche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabacche (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">tabacche</a> e certe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pappagalle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pappagalle (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">pappagalle</a> da offrì a le sovrane cumme signe evidende de le potenzialetà de le "isole de l'India oltre a 'u Gange", purtò pure dece indiane Taino ca avere rapite probbie 'mbrà chidde ospite gendile sue ca <i>"professavane granne amore verse de tutte"</i>. </p><p>Accussì l'ammiraglie annotave jndr'à relaziona soje, consegnate a 'u tesoriere d'u Re 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=30_abbrile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="30 abbrile (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">30 abbrile</a> 1493: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r144936" /><table class="citazione-table"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p>«Porto meco uomini di quest'isola e delle altre da me visitate i quali faranno testimonianza di ciò che dissi. (...) Io prometto: che a' nostri invittissimi Re, sol che m'accordino un po' d'aiuto, io sarò per dare tant'oro quanto sarà lor necessario (...) e tanti servi idolatri, quanti ne vogliano le loro Maestà (...) esulti Cristo in terra come in cielo, perché volle che fossero salvate le anime di tanti popoli prima perdute.» </p> </td> </tr> <tr><td>(<small>Cristoforo Colombo, <i>ibidem</i><sup id="cite_ref-Vaccari_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vaccari-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Une de le native americane murìe 'nu picche dope l'arrive.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Colombo avenìe accolte cumme 'n'eroe da le sovrane, ca 'u sollecitarene a 'ndraprendere 'n'otre viagge: 'a reggine de Castiglia e 'u re de Aragona credevane ca jidde avere state in <a href="/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone">Giappone</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seconde_viagge">Seconde viagge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Cange 'a sezione: Seconde viagge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Seconde viagge"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbus2.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Columbus2.PNG/300px-Columbus2.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Columbus2.PNG/450px-Columbus2.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Columbus2.PNG/600px-Columbus2.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1861" data-file-height="1085" /></a><figcaption>Seconde viagge</figcaption></figure> <p>L'ammiraglie Colombo partì pu seconde viagge sue da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cadice (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Cadice</a> 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=25_settemmre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="25 settemmre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">25 settemmre</a> cu 17 nave e 'n'equipagge de cchiù o mene 1.200 ommene, 'mbrà le quale stavene 'u figghie Diego, 'u frate Giacomo e l'amiche <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michele_da_Cuneo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michele da Cuneo (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Michele da Cuneo</a>, savonese, ca 'n'ha lassate 'n'imbortande relazione. </p><p>'U <a href="/w/index.php?title=3_novemmre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3 novemmre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">3 novemmre</a> 'a flotte raggiungìe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominica (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Dominica</a> e velegiò 'mbrà le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antille (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Antille</a> piccenne e granne. 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=19_novemmre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="19 novemmre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">19</a> arrevarene a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Puerte_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puerte Rico (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Puerte Rico</a> e 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=22_novemmre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="22 novemmre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">22</a> d'u stesse mese Colombo turnò a Hispaniola, addò scuprìe ca le ommene de l'equipagge ca avere lassate averene state accise. </p><p>Apprisse ca avere funnate 'n'avamboste nuève, <i>Isabella</i>, Colombo passò quacche mese jndr'à l'esplorazione de l'entroterre a 'a ricerche de ore. Pò jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1494&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1494 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1494</a> lassò Hispaniola e 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=30_abbrile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="30 abbrile (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">30 abbrile</a> arrevò a <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> e quacceh sciurne apprisse in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giamaica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giamaica (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Giamaica</a>. </p><p>Turnate a Hispaniola, Colombo, apprisse ca avere mannate 'na nave careche de indiggene in <a href="/wiki/Spagne" title="Spagne">Spagne</a>, costrengìe le native ca avere remaste a cercà l'ore. </p><p>Quanne 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1495&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1495 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1495</a> ste spicciave Colombo repartìe pa Spagne, ca raggiungìe jndr'à primavere d'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1496&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1496 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1496</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terze_viagge">Terze viagge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Cange 'a sezione: Terze viagge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Terze viagge"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbus3.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Columbus3.PNG/300px-Columbus3.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Columbus3.PNG/450px-Columbus3.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Columbus3.PNG/600px-Columbus3.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1861" data-file-height="1085" /></a><figcaption>Terze viagge</figcaption></figure> <p>Apprise doje anne passate in Castiglia a convingere le reale d'a necessità de 'na spediziona nove e a recuperà le turnise ca servivane pu viagge, Colombo riuscì a armà 6 nave, cu 'n'equipagge de cchiù o mene 300 marenare. </p><p>'A flotte, partute 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=30_masce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="30 masce (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">30 masce</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1498&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1498 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1498</a>, se ne scìe a le isole de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cape Verde (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Cape Verde</a> e da addà raggiungìe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinidad,_isole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trinidad, isole (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Trinidad</a>, 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=31_luglie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="31 luglie (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">31 luglie</a>. Jndr'à l'aguste d'u stesse anne Colombo esplorò 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gurfe_de_Paria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gurfe de Paria (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Gurfe de Paria</a> e 'u delte de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Orinoco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orinoco (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Orinoco</a>. Jndr'à stu terze viagge Colombo scuprìe 'u condinende americane vere e probbie. </p><p>Turnate a Santo Domingo, Colmbo duvìe fà le cunde cu le colone ca erane in rivolte e le indiggene decimate da le malattie e da le fatìe forzate. Le sovrane cattolece, avvertite da le reduce de le disordine sus a l'isole, mannarene jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1500&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1500 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1500</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_de_Bobadilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco de Bobadilla (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Francisco de Bobadilla</a>, pe fà luce sus a l'accadute. Quiste, se rendìe cunde d'a situazione e arrestò Colombo e le frate sue e le mannò in patria. A l'arrive Isabbelle 'a Cattoleche facìe libberà Colombo, ca però avette a rinungià a 'u titele de vicerè. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quarte_viagge">Quarte viagge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Cange 'a sezione: Quarte viagge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Quarte viagge"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbus4.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Columbus4.PNG/300px-Columbus4.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Columbus4.PNG/450px-Columbus4.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Columbus4.PNG/600px-Columbus4.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1861" data-file-height="1085" /></a><figcaption>Quarte viagge</figcaption></figure> <p>Pure cu tutte stu casine, le riale dettere 'a possibbeletà a Colmbo de fà 'u quarte viagge, accumbagnate da 'u frate Bartolomeo e da 'u figghie, de tridece anne, Fernando. Le quattre nave, partite da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cadice (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Cadice</a> 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=9_masce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9 masce (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">9 masce</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1502&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1502 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1502</a>, arrevarene a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Santo_Domingo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santo Domingo (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Santo Domingo</a> 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=29_sciugne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="29 sciugne (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">29 sciugne</a>. </p><p>Aqquà 'u guvernatore vietò a Colombo l'attracche de le caravelle sue e jidde apprisse ca s'avere refuggiate jndr'à 'na baia vecine addò le nave remanerene a galle pure ca stave 'na tembeste tropicale, repartìe verse l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Americhe_cendrale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Americhe cendrale (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Americhe cendrale</a> condinendale pe cercà de acchià 'u passagge pe le indie. 'A cetate d'u guvernatore avere state colpite forte forte da 'a tembeste tropicale ca avere affunnate tutte le nave d'u guvernatore mene ca une e avere accise 500 colone (pò essere ca ere 'nu 'ragàne). </p><p>'Mbrà luglie e ottommre de quidde anne Colombo costeggiò l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Honduras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Honduras (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Honduras</a>, 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicarague&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicarague (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Nicarague</a> e 'a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_Rica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Costa Rica (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Costa Rica</a>. 'U <a href="/w/index.php?title=16_ottommre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="16 ottommre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">16 ottommre</a> arrevò a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panama (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Panama</a>, addò se fermò pe l'inverne. Aqquà funnò cu 80 uemmene 'na colonie, vicine a 'u Rio Belen ca però avenìe abbandunate purcé le indiggene erane ostile. </p><p>Le indiggene 'nfatte avere state abbituate a combattere e 'mbugnavane mazze de legne tuèste assaije de palme cu le quale duranne 'nu scondre acciderene 'nu spagnole e ne ferirene 'n'otre e sette. </p><p>'U <a href="/w/index.php?title=15_abbrile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15 abbrile (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">15 abbrile</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1503&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1503 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1503</a> Colombo repartìe pe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispaniola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hispaniola (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Hispaniola</a>, scuprì le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isole_Cayman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isole Cayman (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Isole Cayman</a> e le battezzò Las Tortugas purcè stavane 'nu sbuènne de tartarughe marine, ma duranne 'u viagge le scafe avenèrene attaccate da de le parassite comune jndr'à st'acque caraibbeche ca indebbolirene 'a strutture de le ttre nave remaste e le costringerene a naufragà sus 'a coste settendrionale d'a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giamaica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giamaica (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Giamaica</a>. </p><p>Le nave infatte averene 'mbarcate acque e 'a spedizione avere arrevate in Giamaica sulamende sdevacannele cu le pombe e le sicchie de borde. Apprisse l'arrive lore le nave affunnarene. Colombo remanìe sus a l'isole pe 'n'anne cchiù o mene, aspettanne le soccorse richieste da 'u capitane (l'uneche ca se offrìe de percorrere le 160 km) dirette in canoa cu doje indiggene (de le quale une murìe pe 'nu colpe de cavede duranne 'u viagge e avenìe scettate jndr'à l'acque) verse Hispaniola da 'u guvernatore de Santo Domingo. </p><p>Arrevò sus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haiti (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Haiti</a> de osce a die cinghe sciurne apprisse, ma a l'inizie 'u guvernatore non ge aiute subbete subbete Colombo purcé non g'ù puteve vedè e le facìe 'na resate 'mbacce mannanne 'na nave ca pò turnò rrete. Jndr'à stu mumende mmenza ciurme s'avere ammutinate guidate da doje frate e avere ruvenate le rapporte cu le indiggene <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giamaica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giamaica (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">giamaicane</a> ca se rifiutarene de consegnà a Colombo rrobbe da mangià. 'A fazione de Colombo allore accumenzò a fà 'a uerre condre a le ammutinate accidennele tutte mene ca le doje frate. Colombo riuscìe a prevedè 'n'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eclisse_lunare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eclisse lunare (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">eclisse lunare</a> e mannò allore a chiamà le indiggene dicenne ca 'u Die sue s'avere 'ngazzate assaije cu lore e avere deicse de oscurà 'u ciele. 'A sere 'a lune devendò russe russe e 'u sciurne apprisse le indiggene repigghiarene a dà da mangià a le superstite. </p><p>'U <a href="/w/index.php?title=29_sciugne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="29 sciugne (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">29 sciugne</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1504&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1504 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1504</a> 'a nave congesse arrevò e cu jedde Colombo e le 110 uemmene sopravvissute (sus a 140) salparene pe Santo Domingo addò 'a maggior parte de le uemmene sue stanche a ttre stuèzze pe attraversà l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceane_Atlandiche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oceane Atlandiche (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Oceane Atlandiche</a> se fermarene. Colombo apprisse ca avere aspettate quacche mese pigghiò cu 'u figghie Fernando 'na nave dirette in <a href="/wiki/Spagne" title="Spagne">Spagne</a>, paiannese cu le turnise sue 'u viagge. Arrevò in Spagne 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=7_novemmre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7 novemmre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">7 novemmre</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="'A_morte_a_Valladolid_e_le_prime_'ngasinaminde_pe_le_reste_sue"><span id=".27A_morte_a_Valladolid_e_le_prime_.27ngasinaminde_pe_le_reste_sue"></span>'A morte a Valladolid e le prime 'ngasinaminde pe le reste sue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Cange 'a sezione: 'A morte a Valladolid e le prime 'ngasinaminde pe le reste sue" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: 'A morte a Valladolid e le prime 'ngasinaminde pe le reste sue"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christopher_Columbus_Prays.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Christopher_Columbus_Prays.jpg/200px-Christopher_Columbus_Prays.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Christopher_Columbus_Prays.jpg/300px-Christopher_Columbus_Prays.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Christopher_Columbus_Prays.jpg/400px-Christopher_Columbus_Prays.jpg 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="634" /></a><figcaption>Ritratte jndr'à <i>Sala de los Almirantes</i>, a l'Alcazar de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siviglie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siviglie (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Siviglie</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Quanne spicciò 'u 1504 decedìe de nò lassà cchiù 'a Spagne, pure jndr'à 'n'ambiende a jidde ostile. 'A reggine Isabbelle, protettrice soje, avere morte, invece 'u re e 'a corte non ge capivane 'a 'mbortanze de le scuperte sue, e nemmene accettarene 'u sue "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_des_Agravios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memorial des Agravios (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Memorial des Agravios</a>", 'nu memoriale luènghe sus a le tuerte avute. Murìe a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valladolid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valladolid (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Valladolid</a> 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=20_masce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="20 masce (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">20 masce</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1506&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1506 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1506</a>, quase puveridde. </p><p>Avenìe brucate a l'inizie jndr'à chiesere de Valladolid, ma le reste sue avenerene pò spustate jndr'à cripta de 'nu monastere a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siviglie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siviglie (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Siviglie</a>, addò avenìe pò brucate pure 'u figghie sue <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diego_Colombo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diego Colombo (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Diego Colombo</a>, eppò subbete averenere mise jndr'à cattedrale de Siviglie- Cchiù nnande, le reste lore, pe espresse desiderie d'u granne ammiraglie jndr'à 'nu codicille testamendarie segrete, d'u quale non ge stè 'na tracce chiare, jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1544&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1544 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1544</a> avenerene purtate jndr'à l'isole <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispaniola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hispaniola (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Hispaniola</a>, ggià da le cartografe coloniale nnomenate cumme "isole de Santo Domingo". Ufficialmende se decìe ca a essere spustate averene satte sulamende le reste de Diego. </p><p>Jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1877&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1877 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1877</a> 'u Nunzie Apostoleche de Santo Domingo duranne certe fatìe pa cattedrale, scuprìe 'na cripta, evidendemende scunnute, apparte a le reste de Don Luis Colon, il nipote, 'na casce de chiumme, cu de le reste, purtave 'na scritte ca le attribbuive a'u Primer Almirante y Virrey de las Indias, Don Cristobal Colon. Osce traspurtate angore 'na vote, reposane a 'u fare de Colon, vulute da 'u guverne dominicane pe arrecurdarse pe sembre d'u scopritore lore. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="'A_dispute_sus_a_'u_"vere"_chiaute_d'u_scopritore_d'u_Munne_Nuève"><span id=".27A_dispute_sus_a_.27u_.22vere.22_chiaute_d.27u_scopritore_d.27u_Munne_Nu.C3.A8ve"></span>'A dispute sus a 'u "vere" chiaute d'u scopritore d'u Munne Nuève</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Cange 'a sezione: 'A dispute sus a 'u "vere" chiaute d'u scopritore d'u Munne Nuève" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: 'A dispute sus a 'u "vere" chiaute d'u scopritore d'u Munne Nuève"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quanne jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1795&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1795 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1795</a> 'a Spagne stave pe conzegnà l'isole a 'a <a href="/wiki/Frange" title="Frange">Frange</a> , le reste de le doje Colombo avenèrene purtate da le spagnule a l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Avana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avana (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Avana</a>, addò remanerene 'mbonde a 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1898&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1898 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1898</a> Cu 'a vittorie de le <a href="/wiki/State_Aun%C3%ACte_d%27Americhe" class="mw-redirect" title="State Aunìte d'Americhe">State Aunìte d'Americhe</a> jndr'à <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uerre_ispano-americane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uerre ispano-americane (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">uerre ispano-americane</a>, le spagnule stesse le trasferirene a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Santo_Domingo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santo Domingo (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Santo Domingo</a>: le quale autorità, già jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1877&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1877 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1877</a>, averene rivelate de avere scuperte jndr'à cattedrale 'na casce cu frammende de osse e l'iscrizione: “Illustre Don Cristobal Colón” e sostenevane ca le spagnule se averene sbagliate e averene purtate a l'Avana sulamende le reste d'u figghie Diego. </p><p>'A Spagne da vanna soje ave sembre definite resibbele ste diatribe, affermanne ca le reste d'u granne navigatore onne sembre state jndr'à cattedrale de Siviglie. E osce a die, pe iniziative d'u guverne dominicane, le presunde reste de Cristoforo Colombo onne state esumate pe essere sottoposte a analise geneteche sus a 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=DNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DNA (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">DNA</a>, ca avessera resolvere sta questione. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="'A_scuperte_ufficiale_de_l'Americhe"><span id=".27A_scuperte_ufficiale_de_l.27Americhe"></span>'A scuperte ufficiale de l'Americhe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Cange 'a sezione: 'A scuperte ufficiale de l'Americhe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: 'A scuperte ufficiale de l'Americhe"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="margin-bottom:.5em; border:1px solid #CCC; text-align:left; font-size:95%; background:#ffffff"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 .5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exquisite-kfind.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Exquisite-kfind.png/20px-Exquisite-kfind.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Exquisite-kfind.png/30px-Exquisite-kfind.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Exquisite-kfind.png/40px-Exquisite-kfind.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </td> <td style="width:100%"><i>Pe approfondimende, 'ndruche 'a vôsce <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scuperte_de_l%27Americhe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scuperte de l'Americhe (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Scuperte de l'Americhe</a></b>.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Genova-IMG_3345-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Genova-IMG_3345-2.jpg/200px-Genova-IMG_3345-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Genova-IMG_3345-2.jpg/300px-Genova-IMG_3345-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Genova-IMG_3345-2.jpg/400px-Genova-IMG_3345-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="878" data-file-height="1292" /></a><figcaption>Cristoforo Colombo sus 'a tolde d'a nave indiche 'a vie p'u <i>Munne Nuève</i>. Particolare de 'nu manifeste illustrative pe l'Esposizione Italo-Americane d'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1892&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1892 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1892</a>, tenute in occasione d'u quattrecindenarie d'a scuperte de l'Americhe</figcaption></figure> <p>'A figure de Cristoforo Colombo ha remaste jndr'à storie pa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scuperte_de_l%27Americhe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scuperte de l'Americhe (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">scuperte de l'Americhe</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Errore_de_calcole">Errore de calcole</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Cange 'a sezione: Errore de calcole" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Errore de calcole"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>'A 'mbrese navale de Colombo, mutevate da 'u desiderie de raggiungere le Indie e commerciarve direttamende e cchiù velocemende, avenìe rese possibbele da 'a detereminazione d'u viaggiatore genovese ma pure - cumme avenìe jndr'à 'u case de assaije scuperte - da 'n'errore sue. </p><p>Jidde diceve,infatte, ca 'a <a href="/wiki/Terre" title="Terre">Terre</a> tenève 'nu diametre cchiù piccinne de quidde effettive e ca 'u condinende euroasiateche ere cchiù larie de quanne non g'ere avveramende: 'a combosizione de ste doje errore, origgenate rispettivamende da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paolo_Dal_Pozzo_Toscanelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paolo Dal Pozzo Toscanelli (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Toscanelli</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marche_Polo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marche Polo (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Marche Polo</a>, avere avute cumme effette 'a convinzione, jndr'à le fatte infondate, de putè fà 'a traversate da l'<a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> a l'<a href="/wiki/Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia">Asia</a>. A quedd'epoche, in effette, nisciuna nave avesse state capace de fà 'nu gire de cchiù de 20.000 km ca dividene 'a Spagne da 'u Giappone, ninde ninde pu mutive ca non ge esisteve 'na nave ca puteve immagazzinà 'nu quanditative de provviste ca avastavene pe tutte 'u viagge, ca avera essere, ce tutte sceve bbuène, cchiù de quattre mise. </p><p>Le calcole de Colombo erane sbagliate, invece chidde de le avversarie sue erane cchiù o mene corrette: Colombo stimave jndr'à 4.400 km 'a distanze da le <a href="/wiki/Isole_Canarie" title="Isole Canarie">Isole Canarie</a> a 'a coste asiateche, 'nu valore cinghe vote cchiù piccinne de quidde reale. 'A granne fortune de Colombo avere state ca 'u viagge avenìe assaije ridotte, purcè sus 'a strade pe le Indie acchiò le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Americhe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Americhe (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Americhe</a>, ce nò 'a spediziona soje s'avesse perse mmienze a l'oceane, o avesse turnate rrete. </p><p>'A forte opposizione ca Colombo acchiò, derivave da 'u fatte ca 'a traversate oceaneche avenève considerate troppe longhe pe essere fattibbele e none già da 'a credenze ca Colombo ere 'u sole a sostenè ca 'a Terre ere sferiche. Infatte, 'a consapevolezze d'a sfericità d'a Terre ere opinione comune ggià d'a gende colte d'u vasce <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medioeve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medioeve (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Medioeve</a> (pe tutte, se ponne cità <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Tommaso_d%27Aquino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Tommaso d'Aquino (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">san Tommaso d'Aquino</a> e <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a>). Già da l'andichità, le osservaziune prodotte jndr'à l'ambiende <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomije (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">atronomeche</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Matemateche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matemateche (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">matemateche</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellenisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellenisme (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">ellenisteche</a> (addò 'a circonferenze d'a Terre avere state accuratamende mesurate da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eratostene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eratostene (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Eratostene</a>) averene state repigghiate e perfezionate da le scenziate <a href="/w/index.php?title=Musulmane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musulmane (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">musulmane</a>, ca averene tradotte e studiate chidde teste e, da le studiuse occidendale. </p><p>Pò, a l'epoche jndr'àquale Colombo effettuò le calcole sue pu combimende d'u prime viagge, 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ragge_terrestre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ragge terrestre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">procedimende de Eratostene</a> (ca dè 'na stime d'a mesure d'a circonferenze terrestre cu 'nu margine de errore minore d'u 5%) ere disponibbele e puteve essere ripetute. </p><p>Colombo stesse non ge se rendìe cunde de essere sus a 'nu condinende diverse da quidde ca s'aspettave: cchiù nnande, cumme annotò sus a le sue diarie, battezzò le terre scuperte <i>nuevo mondo</i> e jndr'à l'urteme viagge sue recanuscìe le coste de quidde ca jidde definìe <i>'u condinende</i>; sta versione ufficiale, reportate d'a maggior parte de le libbre de storie. </p><p>'A leggende ca 'a Terre aveneve considerate piatte derive da 'nu romanze d'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1828&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1828 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1828</a>, <i>La vita e i viaggi di Cristoforo Colombo</i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Irving&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Washington Irving (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Washington Irving</a>, ca descriveve 'a false immaggine de 'nu Colombo uneche sostenitore d'a teorie de 'na Terre tonde condre l'ignoranze medievale. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retrodatazione_d'a_scuperte_de_l'Americhe"><span id="Retrodatazione_d.27a_scuperte_de_l.27Americhe"></span>Retrodatazione d'a scuperte de l'Americhe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Cange 'a sezione: Retrodatazione d'a scuperte de l'Americhe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Retrodatazione d'a scuperte de l'Americhe"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apprime de Colombo ggià quacche popole avere combiute tendative de viagge verse 'u condinende nuève, cumme pe esembie le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vichinghe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vichinghe (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Vichinghe</a>, le scandinave e spiccianne le stesse portoghese. Colonizzatore islannise avere arrevate jndr'à <a href="/w/index.php?title=Groenlandie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Groenlandie (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Groenlandie</a> a l'inizie d'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=II_sechele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="II sechele (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">II sechele</a>, invece le isole <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azzorre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azzorre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Azzorre</a>, ca pure se iacchiane assaije a 'u larie, jndr'à l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceane_Atlandiche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oceane Atlandiche (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Atlandiche</a>, averene già state colonizzate. </p><p>Comungue tutte chiste approcce cu 'u condinende nuève tenèvene cchiù 'u carattere de punde de approde utilitaristece, ca de tendative de scuperte vere e probbie. L'atte de <i>scuprì</i> quacchecose, infatte, imblichesce 'a volontà de turnà e riferì quidde ca s'a scuperte e st'attitudine caratterizze senza dubbie le viagge de Colombo.<sup id="cite_ref-Superquark_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Superquark-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Onne state scuperte documinde ca demostrane cumme le portoghese avessere ggià raggiunde le coste apprime de Colombo e certe studiuse dicene pure ca facevane parte de l'equipagge de le ttre caravelle pure certe uemmene 'ngarecate da 'a corone de fà attenzione a le mosse d'u navigatore genovese. A Colombo, infatte, avere state promesse l'amministrazione de le terre da jidde scuperte, e non g'è forse 'nu case ca ha approdate probbie sus a 'n'isole. </p><p>Certe diarie de borde fanne vedè infatte ca 'a rotta soje pundave dretta dretta verse 'a terraferme ma ca duranne le urteme sciurne de navigazione subbìe 'na sterzate forte-forte verse sud, verse le isole de le Caraibi, appunde. Se penze ca sta decisione avere state suggerite o forse addiritture 'mboste da le infiltrate d'a corone purcé se riteneve ca l'amministrazione de tutte 'u condinende ere 'nu prizze assaije ierte da pajà pe rennere canusciute 'a scuperte d'u Munne Nuève. </p><p>Jndr'à tiembe vicine a l'imbrese d'u navigatore genovese, ha state documendate 'n'otre viagge verse le terre nuève, pe volere d'u re de Purtugalle <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonso_V_de_Purtugalle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfonso V de Purtugalle (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Alfonso V</a> e d'u re de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Danimarche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danimarche (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Danimarche</a>, ausanne nave danise guidate da marenare portoghese pe esplorà le coste d'a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Groenlandie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Groenlandie (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Groenlandie</a> 'mbrà 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1476&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1476 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1476</a> e 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1477&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1477 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1477</a>. </p><p>Certe storece dicene ca pure Colombo pigghiò parte a sta spedizione. Non g'è comungue demostrate ca 'u munne nuève avere già state canusciute apprime d'u viagge de Colombo. De cchiù, da le documinde ufficiale se sape ca l'ammiraglie, a 'u retorne, avenìe acoolte cumme trionfatore a riprove ca l'imbresa soje non g'avere avute precedende. Ce quacchedune apprime de jidde avesse approdate sus a le coste americane 'u fatte non g'avere avute rilevanze storeche pe ninde e, quinde, Colombo pò essere considerate 'u vere scupritore d'u quarte condinende. </p><p>Seconde certe storece<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'a scuperte de l'Americhe da vanne de Colombo s'avesse andicipà de quacche anne. Seconde ste tesi, 'u navigatore avere fatte ggià jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1485&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1485 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1485</a> 'nu viagge ca l'avere purtate jndr'à 'u Munne Nuève. Quiste se putesse deducere da quacche indizie: 'a rotte seguite da Colombo jndr'à 'u prime viagge jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1492&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1492 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1492</a> segue satte satte le corrende; pò l'ammiraglie jè accussì secure de arrevà a le terre nuève ca, pe calmà 'na rivolte, promette de navigà sulamende otre ttre sciurne e probbie jndr'à nuttate 'mbrà 'u seconde e 'u terze sciurne arrive a destinazione. Pò, sus a 'u chiaute de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papa_Innocenzo_VIII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papa Innocenzo VIII (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Papa Innocenzo VIII</a> ste scritte "Duranne 'u regne sue 'a scuperte de 'nu Munne Nuève". 'U Papa però murìe 'u 25 luglie 1492, quacche sciurne apprime d'a partenze ufficiale. </p><p>Naturalmente l'autore de sta iscrizione pò avè fatte 'nu sempblice referimende a l'urteme anne solare jndr'à 'u quale Innocenzo VIII vevìe, quande a l'osce a die note ruole de "protettore" ca stu Papa avìe jndr'à le combronde de Colombo, pe mezze d'u sue <a href="/w/index.php?title=Logotete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logotete (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">logotete</a> presse 'a corte de Spagne <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Geraldini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alessandro Geraldini (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Alessandro Geraldini</a> (autore d'u resoconde de viagge: <i>"Itinerarium ad Regiones Sub Aequinoctiali Plaga Constitutas"</i><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>Jè da notà comungue ca 'u navigatore turche <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piri_Reis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piri Reis (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Piri Reis</a>, jndr'à soje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mappe_de_Piri_Reis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mappe de Piri Reis (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">mappe famose</a>, fatte jndr'à le prime decennie d'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=XVI_sechele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XVI sechele (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">XVI sechele</a>, annotò ca 'a zone de le Antille avere state scuperte jndr'à l'anne d'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calendarije_islameche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calendarije islameche (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">calendarije islameche</a> 896 (ca corrisponde a 'u 1490/91 de l'ere cristiane) da vanne de 'nu genovese infedele de nome Colombo.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'U stesse Reis dichiare ca quacchedune de le fonde sue da le quale ha pigghiate 'mbormaziune pe realizzà l'opera soje sonde le mappe ausate da Colombo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aspette_condroverse">Aspette condroverse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Cange 'a sezione: Aspette condroverse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Aspette condroverse"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nonostande l'immaggine positive ca generalmende se associe a 'u navigatore non g'è arrecurdate 'a feroce tirannie cu 'a quale Cristoforo e le frate sue, Bartolomeo e Diego, se 'mbosere jndr'à colonie spagnole caraibbeche. Infatte sonde presende 'nu sbuènne de testimonianze (pe essere precise 23) sus a le cruende torture inflitte a le schiave e sottoposte duranne 'u guverne d'u stesse Colombo. </p><p>'N'esembie significative jè 'a torture inflitte da Bartolomeo a 'na femmene, a 'a quale avere state tagghiate 'a lenghe e costrette a girà anude pa cetate sus a 'nu ciucce, colpevole de avè arrecurdate le origgene proletarie de Colombo jndr'à 'na discussione. Jndr'à quedde occasione Colombo se comblimendò personalmende cu 'u frate pe avè difese l'onore d'a famigghie. Pò 'nu sacche de ladre avenèrene punite cu 'a pene de essere tagghiate 'u nase e le recchie, assaije vote pe avè arrubbate quandità piccenne de vivere necessarie a 'u probbie nutrimende (arrecorde le precarie condiziune alimendare jndr'à le quale vivevane le indiggene). </p><p>Otra crudeltà ere 'u diviete a le schiave e a le native d'u battezze. Fu probbie pu guverne sanguinarie e ingiuste ca Colombo avenìe destituite jndr'à 'u 1500 da 'a careche de guvernatore e mise sotte processe sotte ordene de le stesse monarche di Spagne (Ferdinando 'u Cattoleche e Isabbelle de Castiglia). <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="L'aspette_de_Colombo"><span id="L.27aspette_de_Colombo"></span>L'aspette de Colombo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Cange 'a sezione: L'aspette de Colombo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: L'aspette de Colombo"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giulio_Monteverde,_Columbus_as_a_boy,_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Giulio_Monteverde%2C_Columbus_as_a_boy%2C_02.jpg/200px-Giulio_Monteverde%2C_Columbus_as_a_boy%2C_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Giulio_Monteverde%2C_Columbus_as_a_boy%2C_02.jpg/300px-Giulio_Monteverde%2C_Columbus_as_a_boy%2C_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Giulio_Monteverde%2C_Columbus_as_a_boy%2C_02.jpg/400px-Giulio_Monteverde%2C_Columbus_as_a_boy%2C_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giulio_Monteverde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giulio Monteverde (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Giulio Monteverde</a>, <i>Colombo uagnone</i>, <a href="/wiki/Genove" title="Genove">Genove</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castelle_d%27Albertis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castelle d'Albertis (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Castelle d'Albertis</a></figcaption></figure> <p>'A vite de Cristoforo Colombo jè avvolte pe 'na parte da 'nu mistere, de jidde a parte le origgene ingerte, non ge se sape nemmene de le ritratte origgenale ca 'u raffigurescene. Tutte chidde ca 'n'onne arrevate sonde in realtà de le dipinde fatte apprisse 'a morte d'u famose navigatore, realizzate in base a le descriziune de le condemboranèe sue o jndr'à quacche case de le vere e probbie opere de fandasie de epoche successive. Quiste spieghe 'u purcé 'a rufele de effige ca descrivene Colombo, donne a 'u personagge 'na svariate molteplicità de aspette ca rennene difficile 'a letture de le caratteristeche fiseche sue. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discendenze_de_Cristoforo_Colombo">Discendenze de Cristoforo Colombo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Cange 'a sezione: Discendenze de Cristoforo Colombo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Discendenze de Cristoforo Colombo"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>'U discendende de osce a die de Cristoforo Colombo tène pure jidde 'u nome Cristoforo e quinde se chiame satte satte cumme l'andenate sue (Cristóbal Colón).<sup id="cite_ref-Superquark_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Superquark-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In base a de le congordate 'mbrà 'a famigghie Colombo e 'a corone de Spagne, promosse da Diego (figghie de l'ammiraglie) jndr'à 'u XVI sechele, gode d'u titele de duche de Veragua. </p><p>Quanne, jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1578&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1578 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1578</a> in Spagne murìe Diego, urteme discendende maschele de l'ammiraglie Cristoforo Colombo, nascìe 'na condroversie 'mbrà le erede, totte femmene, pe pigghiarse 'a successione a 'u Maggiorasche de Colombo, ca combrendeve 'u Ducate de Veragua (Panamá de osce a die), 'u Marchesate d'a Giamaica, l'Ammiragliate de le Indie, ecc. </p><p>Jndr'à 'u testamende sue 'u granne navigatore avere esplicitamende precisate ca 'u maggiorasche avera essere ereditate sulamende da 'nu discendende maschele, pure collaterale (in manganze de 'na discendenze dirette), ma cu l'esclusione sembre de le femmene. Da Genove non ge se presendò nisciune a rivendicà l'eredità, invece da Cuccaro se presendò cumme pretendende Baldassarre Colombo, esponende d'a millenarie casate faudale cuccarese, ca se diceve discendende de Frangeschine, frate de Dumineche presunde attane d'u granne Cristoforo. </p><p>'A cause, ca se celebbrò nnande a 'u Consiglie de le Indie, scìe nnande pe 30 anne cchiù o mene, 'mbrà intrighe e schermaglie legale, fine a quanne, jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1608&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1608 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1608</a>, 'u maggiorasche avenìe assegnate a Don Pedro Colòn de Portugal, maschele ma discendende pe linèe femminile. </p><p>Baldassarre Colombo, ca pure avere state recanusciute parende de l'Ammiraglie in 8° grade, remanìe escluse (probbabbilmende purcé 'u Re de Spagne, ca faceve parte d'u Consiglie de le Indie, non ge vulìe ca l'eredità grosse assaije puteve scè a 'nu furastiere). Comungue, a Baldassarre avenìe date 'u titele de Conte e avenìe assegnate 'na certa somme (cumme d'u reste a le otre pretendende) (2.000 ducate, seconne le documinde) cumme vanne d'a rendite d'u State de Veragua, avenenne accussì considerate cumme le otre discendende dirette. </p><p>'U dispositive d'a sentenze d'u 1608 ha arrevate attraverse copie assolutamende senze discussione: jndr'à a quiste, a conglusione de l'annose condroversie, s'a vulute vedè 'n'equiparazione de Baldassarre Colombo de Cuccaro a tutte l'otre parinde cchiù vecine a Cristoforo Colombo, espresse da 'a frase <i>y con que a don Baltasar Colombo se le den de los dichos frutos otros 2000 ducados</i>. </p><p>'U <a href="/w/index.php?title=12_ottommre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12 ottommre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">12 ottommre</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>, Cristóbal Colón ha vulute commemorà l'evende d'a scuperte de l'Americhe mettenne 'na corone a 'a Case de Colombo a Genove. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scupritore_d'u_mais"><span id="Scupritore_d.27u_mais"></span>Scupritore d'u mais</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Cange 'a sezione: Scupritore d'u mais" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Scupritore d'u mais"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Colombo ha state 'u scupritore d'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mais (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">mais</a>. Sus a 'u scirunale de borde 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=5_novemmre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5 novemmre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">5 novemmre</a> 1492 screvìe: "<i>Stavane granne cambe coltivate cu radice, 'na specie de fave e 'na specie de grane chiamate mahiz</i>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ove_de_Colombo">Ove de Colombo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Cange 'a sezione: Ove de Colombo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Ove de Colombo"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="margin-bottom:.5em; border:1px solid #CCC; text-align:left; font-size:95%; background:#ffffff"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 .5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exquisite-kfind.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Exquisite-kfind.png/20px-Exquisite-kfind.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Exquisite-kfind.png/30px-Exquisite-kfind.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Exquisite-kfind.png/40px-Exquisite-kfind.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </td> <td style="width:100%"><i>Pe approfondimende, 'ndruche 'a vôsce <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ove_de_Colombo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ove de Colombo (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Ove de Colombo</a></b>.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nazionalità_de_Colombo"><span id="Nazionalit.C3.A0_de_Colombo"></span>Nazionalità de Colombo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Cange 'a sezione: Nazionalità de Colombo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Nazionalità de Colombo"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="margin-bottom:.5em; border:1px solid #CCC; text-align:left; font-size:95%; background:#ffffff"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 .5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exquisite-kfind.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Exquisite-kfind.png/20px-Exquisite-kfind.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Exquisite-kfind.png/30px-Exquisite-kfind.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Exquisite-kfind.png/40px-Exquisite-kfind.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </td> <td style="width:100%"><i>Pe approfondimende, 'ndruche le vôsce <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Case_de_Cristoforo_Colombo_a_Genove&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Case de Cristoforo Colombo a Genove (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Case de Cristoforo Colombo a Genove</a></b> e <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Case_de_Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Case de Cristoforo Colombo (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Case de Cristoforo Colombo</a></b>.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellpadding="2" style="font-size:95%; width:350px; -moz-border-radius-topleft:.8em; -moz-border-radius-topright:.8em; border:1px solid #c0c0c0; background:#f5f5f5; margin-top:9px; margin-bottom:7px; clear:right; float:right; margin-right:6px; margin-left:10px;"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" style="-moz-border-radius-topleft:.6em; -moz-border-radius-topright:.6em; background:#C3D0DF; color:#454A4F"><big><b>Sus a genovesità de Colombo</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" style="padding-left:6px; padding-right:6px; font-size:100%"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Genova-casa_di_Colombo-DSCF7114.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Genova-casa_di_Colombo-DSCF7114.JPG/120px-Genova-casa_di_Colombo-DSCF7114.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Genova-casa_di_Colombo-DSCF7114.JPG/180px-Genova-casa_di_Colombo-DSCF7114.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Genova-casa_di_Colombo-DSCF7114.JPG/240px-Genova-casa_di_Colombo-DSCF7114.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1133" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption>Case de Colombo a Genove</figcaption></figure> <p>Colombo genovese? Colombo portoghese? Colombo galiziane? Colombo catalane? Colombo frangese? Colombo corso? A <a href="/wiki/Genove" title="Genove">Genove</a> non g'onne dubbie a rivendicà le radice locale d'u granne navigatore, considerate une de le <i>figghie</i> cchiù prestiggiose. Ca jè testimoniate da 'nu sbuènne de documendazione cugghiute jndr'à 'u tiembe da studiuse d'u settore, apprime 'mbrà tutte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paolo_Emilio_Taviani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paolo Emilio Taviani (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Paolo Emilio Taviani</a>, omme politeche e storeche. </p><p>Jndr'à 'u <i>De dictis fastisque memorabilibus</i>, pubblecate pa prima vote a Melàne jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1509&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1509 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1509</a>, se parle de 'nu "Christophorus Columbus natione Genuensi" e genovese Colombo avene ditte da le croniste ligure soje condemboranèe: Andonie Gallo e Bartolomeo Senarega, eppure da 'u vescove Agustine Giustiniani (elogge a 'nu genovese). Jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1513&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1513 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1513</a> 'na carte in pergamene,disegnate da 'u turche Piri Reis, raffigurave le terre de "Antilya" scuperte da 'n'infedele "Kolombo Genovese". </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frangische_Guicciardini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frangische Guicciardini (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Frangische Guicciardini</a>, jndr'à soje "Storia d'Italia" d'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1538&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1538 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1538</a>, parle de 'nu "Cristofano Colombo genovese". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joao_de_Barros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joao de Barros (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Joao de Barros</a>, ditte 'u Livio portoghese, jndr'à l'opera soje <i>De Asia</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1552&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1552 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1552</a>) screvìe "Cumme tutte congordescene jndr'à l'affermare, Christòvao Colom ere nate a Genove.." Angore <a href="/w/index.php?title=Torquato_Tasso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torquato Tasso (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Torquato Tasso</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1544&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1544 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1544</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=1595&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1595 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1595</a>), jndr'à <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerusalemme_liberata,_poeme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerusalemme liberata, poeme (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Gerusalemme liberata</a></i>, facenne profetizzà 'u superamende de le colonne d'Ercole, scriveve: "Un uom de la Liguria avrà ardimento - a l'incognito corso esporsi in prima.." e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lope_de_Vega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lope de Vega (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Lope de Vega</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1562&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1562 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1562</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=1635&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1635 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1635</a>) jndr'à 'u dramme <i>Nuevo Mundo descubierto por Cristòbal Colòn</i>. </p><p>Otre scretture famose e umaniste portoghese cumme <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dami%C3%A3o_de_G%C3%B3is&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damião de Góis (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Damião de Góis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garcia_de_Resende&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garcia de Resende (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Garcia de Resende</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C3%A3o_de_Barros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="João de Barros (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">João de Barros</a>, jndr'à le lore cronache ufficiale, onne descritte Colombo cumme genovese. 'U fatte ca Colombo avere state suddite de Giuanne II pe 'nu sacche de anne, cumme jidde stesse afferme jndr'à 'nu scritte pa morte d'u sovrane portoghese, apprime d'u trasferimende sue in Spagne, jè 'a prove de quande ponne essere attendibbele ste fonde, da 'u mumende ca in Purtugalle l'esploratore avenìe canusciute apprime ca jndr'à l'otre paise. </p><p>Jndr'à 'u masce d'u <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> Aldo Agosto, studiose già direttore de l'Archivije de State de Genove, ave cugghiute - pepresendarle ufficialmende jndr'à 'nu convegne de studie a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valladolid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valladolid (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Valladolid</a> - a bellezze de cindedece documinde notarile pe bbona parte inedite, frutte d'a fatìe de 'na ricerche durate assaije anne, ca testimoniane, jndr'à 'n'arvule genealoggeche ca resale a smerse pe cchiù o mene sette generaziune, le origgene "genovese" - e <i>levandine</i> - d'u navigatore. In particolar,e 'a famigghie de Colombo - ca tenève 'nu bisnonne ca se chiamave Andonie - avere iavetate sus 'a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Riviere_ligure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riviere ligure (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">riviere ligure</a> de levante, jndr'à quidde ca osce a die avène chiamate <i>Gurfe Paradise</i>((IT) <i>Golfo Paradiso</i>), spustanne 'a probbie residenze cu 'na certa frequenze (pe esembie 'mbrà <a href="/wiki/Bogliasco" title="Bogliasco">Bogliasco</a> e <a href="/wiki/Sori" title="Sori">Sori</a>), sus a le quale elenghe de proscrizione 'u nome de le Colombo assaije vote assìe fore. </p><p>Le studie fatte da Agosto ipotizzane 'na variande logisteche jndr'à l'ave de le genitore de Colombo ca avessera provenì da 'a località de Sori; l'ave sue accertate se chiamave Giuanne e 'u documende ca atteste stu fatte resale a 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1198&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1198 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1198</a>. 'A famigghie Colombo, ca apparteneve a 'a fazione de le Fieschi, avera fuggì in Val Fundanabbone pe sfuggìe a le violenze de le oppositure lore. </p><p>'U studie d'u ricercatore Agosto mette 'nu punde ferme pure sus a 'na rare suggestione espresse in passate: s'avessa escludere ca 'a famigghie Colombo putesse avè avute opriggene da 'na comunitate de converse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sefarditi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sefarditi (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">sefarditi</a>. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellpadding="2" style="font-size:95%; width:350px; -moz-border-radius-topleft:.8em; -moz-border-radius-topright:.8em; border:1px solid #c0c0c0; background:#f5f5f5; margin-top:9px; margin-bottom:7px; clear:right; float:right; margin-right:6px; margin-left:10px;"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" style="-moz-border-radius-topleft:.6em; -moz-border-radius-topright:.6em; background:#C3D0DF; color:#454A4F"><big><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Case_de_Cristoforo_Colombo_a_Cogoleto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Case de Cristoforo Colombo a Cogoleto (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Case de Cristoforo Colombo a Cogoleto</a></b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" style="padding-left:6px; padding-right:6px; font-size:100%"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cogoleto_Affresco.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Case de Colombo a Cogoleto"><img alt="Case de Colombo a Cogoleto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/roa-tara/thumb/0/08/Cogoleto_Affresco.jpg/200px-Cogoleto_Affresco.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/roa-tara/0/08/Cogoleto_Affresco.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="280" /></a><figcaption>Case de Colombo a Cogoleto</figcaption></figure> <p>Jndr'à sta immaggine se vede 'a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Case_de_Cristoforo_Colombo_a_Cogoleto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Case de Cristoforo Colombo a Cogoleto (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">presunde case addò ha nate Colombo</a> a <a href="/wiki/Cogoleto" title="Cogoleto">Cogoleto</a> cu l'affresche d'u granne navigatore sus a 'u quale'u reverende Andonie Colombo, discendende d'a famigghie, jndr'à 'u 1650 facìe mettere l'epigrafe "Unus erat mundus; duo sunt ait iste, fuere" (<i>Une era 'u munne: doje decìe jidde. E doje erane!</i>) precedute da: <i>Hospes siste gradum: fuit hic lux prima Columbi Orbe viro majori; Heu! Nimis arcta Domus</i> Da 'a copie d'u testamende de Dumineche Colombo de Cogoleto, attane de Cristoforo, datate 1586 (l'origgenale d'u 1449 ha sciute perse). Numerose iscriziune lapidee, arrecordane le visite a 'a case de le pringipe de Savoia, de rappresentanze d'a marina militare nordamericane, e d'u pringipe Federico pò Imberatore de Germanie otre a 'nu sbuènne de viaggiature furastire. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>L'indicazione de l'esatte luèche de nascite de Cristoforo Colombo ha state definite da eminende studiuse d'u navigatore ca sonde congorde jndr'à l'individuarle a l'inderne d'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genovesate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genovesate (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">genovesate</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Genove" title="Genove">Genove</a>, vecine a 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piane_de_Sand%27Andreje_(Genove)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piane de Sand'Andreje (Genove) (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Piane de Sand'Andreje</a> se iacchie angore osce 'a case jndr'à quale 'u navigatore ave vissute l'infanzia soje e giovendù, 'nzieme a 'a famigghie. </p><p>Jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=XIX_sechele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XIX sechele (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Uettecinde</a> se avere invece ipotizzate, senze seguite, ca 'a famigghie Colombo avere origgene <a href="/wiki/Piacenze" title="Piacenze">piacendine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sus a stu fatte ha turnate jndr'à 'u <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a> 'u storeche d'a matemateche <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umberte_Bartocci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umberte Bartocci (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Umberte Bartocci</a> cu 'nu studie<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ca arrive a conglusiune tutte nuève, sus a 'u fatte ca 'a scuperte de 'nu "Munne Nuève", in sienze sciugrafeche e politeche, non g'avere state pe ninde 'na case de furtune (<i>serendipity</i>), ma 'u frutte delibberate d'u sforze congiunde e durate quase 'nu sechele de crestiane aunìte da particolare "vingole" culturale e ideologgeche<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Seconde 'a congetture esposte (probbabbilmende demostrabbele osce a die da 'nu combronde d'u DNA), funnate sus a certe documinde d'u '500, Cristoforo avera essere figghie naturale de 'nu nobbele piacendine d'a famigghie Pallastrelli e de l'ebbrèe Susanna, 'a quale sulamende cchiù nnande scìe in spose a Dumineche Colombo<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Jndr'à 'u frattiembe pure 'a <a href="/wiki/Spagne" title="Spagne">Spagne</a> ave rivendicate 'a nascite de <i>Cristóbal Colón</i>, riguarde a 'a quase secure origgene tagliàne de Colombo onne state avanzate diverse ipotese ca indichescene cumme luèche de nascite diverse località d'a <a href="/wiki/Liguria" class="mw-redirect" title="Liguria">Liguria</a>, ma 'a cchiù accreditate jè quedde ca porte a 'a cetate de Genove. Comungue da le cronache portoghese ditte apprime, esiste 'nu referimende a 'nu possibbele luèche de nascite de Colombo, mise jndr'à le vicinanze de 'na località chiamate "Terrarossa", jndr'à <a href="/w/index.php?title=Val_Fundanebbone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Val Fundanebbone (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Val Fundanebbone</a>. Esiste 'n'isole Russe in Corsica, ca jndr'à 'u Quattrecinde apparteneve a 'u Dogate Genovese. </p><p>Jè da segnalà in particolare 'a frazione Terrarossa d'u comune de <a href="/wiki/Moconesi" title="Moconesi">Moconesi</a>, probbie a le spalle de <a href="/wiki/Chiavari" title="Chiavari">Chiavari</a>, ca se dichiare da sembre luèche d'a nascite de Colombo; seconde otre studiuse, invece, 'u luèche de nascite de Colombo putesse essere individuate jndr'à 'u comune de <a href="/wiki/Bettola" title="Bettola">Bettola</a> jndr'à 'u <a href="/wiki/Provinge_de_Piacenze" title="Provinge de Piacenze">piacendine</a> o jndr'à quidde de <a href="/wiki/Cuccaro_Monferrato" title="Cuccaro Monferrato">Cuccaro Monferrato</a> jndr'à <a href="/wiki/Provinge_de_Alessandria" title="Provinge de Alessandria">provinge de Alessandria</a>. </p><p>'Nu sbuènne de documinde precedende a 'a dispute sus a 'u luèche de nascite de Colombo, relative a l'eredità indichescene <a href="/wiki/Cogoleto" title="Cogoleto">Cogoleto</a> cumme cetate de nascite (cumme repurtate sus a 'u monumende a Colombo): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r144936" /><table class="citazione-table"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p>«<small>CIRCA HAEC TEMPORA CHRISTOPHORUS COLUMBIS LIGUR COGORETIO REPERIT INDIAS OCCIDUAS CRONACA DI TAGGIA ANNO 1498</small>» </p> </td> </tr></tbody></table> <p>Ve aggiunde ca, jndr'à "Atlas Novus Mercator", stambate a <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1638&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1638 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1638</a>, 'a cetate de <a href="/wiki/Cogoleto" title="Cogoleto">Cogoleto</a> jè idendificate cumme <i>Coguretto Christophori Columbi patria</i> </p><p>'Nu stemme d'a famigghie Colombo, diverse da quidde canusciute abitualmende, pubblecate da 'u quotidiane <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Stampa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Stampa (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">La Stampa</a> de <a href="/wiki/Torino" class="mw-redirect" title="Torino">Torino</a> 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=9_ottommre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9 ottommre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">9 ottommre</a> <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a> e repurtate da 'u «Codice delle Famiglie di Genova e loro origini», Fondo Reggina de Svezie, <a href="/w/index.php?title=XVI_sechele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XVI sechele (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">XVI sechele</a>, Bibblioteche Vaticane de <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, recite: «<i>Colombi - Por reyno Castilla y por reyno Leonno. Mundo nuevo halio Colon - Tranno origine da Cogoreto, Quinto e Savona e vivono in Spagna li descendenti del Cristofaro, quali sono Prencipi e Signori di qualità - <a href="/w/index.php?title=1387&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1387 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1387</a>. Domenico quondam Joanne de Quinto et filii qui sunt Christofaro, Bartolomeo, Giacomo: come in Atti di Gio. Gallo de Savona - <a href="/w/index.php?title=1492&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1492 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1492</a>. Christofaro di Cogoreto fu valoroso in mare e trovò Terre nuove domandate le Indie per il Re di Spagna</i>». </p><p>'A date e 'u luèche satte d'a nascite e 'a genovesità d'ìu navigatore non ge sonde pe ninde 'nu mistere, esistene jndr'à l'Archivije de State a Genove documinde, de le quale cchiù nnande s'adda dicere cu esattezze (certe sonde stipate a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palazze_San_Giorgie_(Genove)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palazze San Giorgie (Genove) (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">palazze San Giorgie</a>), jndr'à le quale jidde stesse se dichiare de cchiù o mene diciannove anne e, 'n'otre jndr'à 'u quale se dichiare "approssimativamende" de vendesette anne jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1479&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1479 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1479</a>. Jndr'à 'u stesse "Libro dei privilegi" se autodichiare genovese, cumme jndr'à 'u testamende sue scritte 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=19_masce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="19 masce (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">19 masce</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1506&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1506 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1506</a> ('nu sule sciurne apprime de murè). </p><p>Probbie Colombo lassò indizie ambigue sus 'a questione: 'a maggiorn parte de le storece - sus 'a base de le reggistre de nascite e d'a storie de le famigghie a jidde cullegate, eppure sus 'a base d'a quantità de le documinde acchiate a Genove - penze comungue ca ere genovese. Jidde però screveve quase sembre in castigliane, apprisse 'u trasferimende sue in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castiglie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castiglie (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Castiglie</a>, sie jndr'à le documinde ufficiale ca jndr'à le lettere a le famigghiare, cu 'nu miste de parole in portoghese e in latine. Fatte eccezzione pu "libro dei privilegi" e pu testamende sue d'u 19 masce 1506, non ge se canoscene otre scritte sue addò jidde apertamende se autodichiaresce genovese. </p><p>Seconde studie recende, invece, pare ca Colombo jndr'à l'indimità parlave 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A8nghe_catalane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lènghe catalane (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">catalane</a> e non jndr'à 'nu castigliane satte<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Non g'esistene comungue scritte sue jndr'à <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A8nga_ligure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lènga ligure (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">lènga ligure</a> o genovese, pare ca tenève 'na canoscenze vascia vasce d'a lènghe volgare tagliàne, ca certamende capive, ma ca screveve cu 'nu sacche de difficoltà. Esistene invece 'nu sacche de documinde de Colombo scritte in latine e in greche e doje note piccinne a margine, da jidde scritte, in tagliàne franghe d'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quattrecinde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quattrecinde (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Quattrecinde</a>, cu certe parole castigliane mmienze. </p><p>Onne nate pure diverse spiegaziune pe ste "mistere" e ambigguità: ca tenève quacche cose da scunnè e avere delibberatamende confuse le origgene sue, cioè ca stè faceve 'nu doppie sciuèche 'mbrà 'u <a href="/wiki/Purtugalle" title="Purtugalle">Purtugalle</a> e 'a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castiglie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castiglie (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Castiglie</a>, o ca, cchiù facilmende, ere 'n'avvenduriere cosmopolite d'u tiembe sue. Colombo pò avè vulute scunnè 'u probbie passate probbabbilmende pe nò fà sapè le origgene umile d'a famigghia soje e pe mutive canusciute sole da jidde e, maije ave ditte jndr'à le scritte sue de essere tagliàne, dichiaranne d'essere sulamende genovese , sus l'amme ditte, jndr'à 'u "Libro dei privilegi" e jndr'à 'u testamende. </p><p>Sus a l'origgene genovese d'u navigatore non ge s'avessere avè oramaie probbleme da quanne jndr'à 'u <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a> - a conferme de le documinde ggià acchiate a Genove - da le archivije d'a Bibblioteche <a href="/wiki/Turchie" title="Turchie">turche</a> d'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Topkapi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topkapi (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Topkapı</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> jndr'à 'u quale stave stipate, ha state pubblecate 'nu lacere - 'nu terze - d'a mappe sciugrafeche disegnate jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1513&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1513 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1513</a> pu granne navigatore, esploratore e sciografe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottomane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ottomane (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">ottomane</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piri_Reis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piri Reis (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Piri Reis</a>. </p><p>Sus a jedde, cu carattere turche-ottomane, 'na scritte, in particolare, ave mise 'u punde sus 'a discussione. Jedde infatte dice: «Amma şöyle rivayet ederler kim "Cinevizden bir kâfir adına Qolōnbō" derler imiş, bu yerleri ol bulmuştur», cioè: «Ma se conde ca "'n'infedele de Genove de nome Colombo" ave scuperte ste poste». Ce 'u nome avesse state Colon, quidde ca ha scritte 'a mappe non g'avesse avute difficoltà a traducere cu "Qolōn", invece, cumme ha fatte, Qolōnbō. Sus a l'autendicità d'a mappe nisciune studiose ave maje ditte ninde. Se documende ca 'u nome de Colombo, jndr'à le prime anne sue, mendre ca ere in attese d'u permesse pe navigà "jndr'à le Indie" d'a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castiglie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castiglie (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Castiglie</a>, ere scritte sus a le documinde ufficiale cumme "Colomo", <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apocope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apocope (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">apocope</a> naturale jndr'à 'u castigliane pe Colombo, apprime de devendà sus a le scritte Colón. </p><p>Da addà da tutte le otre ipotesi de le quale 'mbonde a osce s'à ditte, jè pure difficilmende condestabbele 'a 'mbonende mole de le atte notarile e, de tutte le otre documinde cugghiute attraverse 'u vaglie de 'na serie recerche storeche, oramaje accettate a osce a die da le studiuse cchiù accreditate in cambe 'ndenzionale, sus a 'u fatte ca Cristoforo Colombo "scupritore de le Indie" («"Cristóbal Colón descubridór de las Yndias"») ere 'u stesse Cristoforo, figghie de Dumineche e de Susanne Fontanarossa, nate a Genove jndr'à case in viche Diritte de l'Olivelle jndr'à quale le genitore javetavene 'mbrà 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=26_aguste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="26 aguste (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">26 aguste</a> e 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=30_ottommre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="30 ottommre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">30 ottommre</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1451&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1451 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1451</a>, cioè jndr'à 'u periode jndr'à 'u quale nascìe jidde. </p><p>Pe uardà, cumme andicipate apprime, cu maggiore esattezze a 'a nascite de jidde a Genove probbie 'mbrà 'u 26 aguste e 'u 31 ottommre 1451 vonne considerate particolarmende doje documinde fondamendale. 'U prime avere state rinvenute da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcelle_Staglieno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcelle Staglieno (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Marcelle Staglieno</a> jndr'à l'Archivije de State a Genove (e da jidde pubblecate jndr'à 'u "Giornale Ligustico", A.XIV, 1887, p. 239, pò edite cumme estratte: <i>Alcuni nuovi documenti intorno a Cristoforo Colombo ed alla sua famiglia</i>, Reale Tipografia de' Sordo-Muti, 1887).Se tratte de 'nu documende in date Genove 31 ottommre <a href="/w/index.php?title=1470&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1470 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1470</a>, jndr'à l'atte d'u notare Necole Raggio (filza 2, anne 1470, n. 905) jndr'à 'u quale Cristoforo Colombo, figghie de Dumineche, dichiarave de avè 'n'età superiore a le 19 anne: none avenne angore raggiunde 'a maggiore età, ca erane 25 anne, 'a data soje de nascite avene mise 'mbrà 'u 1446 e 'u 1451. </p><p>Comungue jndr'à 'u <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a> 'n'otre studiose, 'u generale <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugo_Assereto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugo Assereto (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Ugo Assereto</a>, acchiò jndr'à l'Archivije de State genovese 'nu seconde, sembre 'mbortande assaije, documende (da jidde pubblecate jndr'à 'u "Giornale Storico e Letterario della Liguria", La Spezia, 1904, 25ma, vol. 5, pp. 5-16), famose a le studiuse cumme "documende Assereto". Jndr'à quiste, in date Genove 25 aguste 1479 jndr'à l'atte d'u notare Gerolamo Ventimiglia (filza 2, n. 266), Cristoforo Colombo dichiarave de essere nate a Genove e de avè "cchiù o mene" l'età de 27 anne (stu documende jè de estreme 'mbortanze pure purcé quedda presenze veloce veloce a Genove jè l'urteme ca rumane documendate; e soprattutte purcé Cristoforo nè furnìe le date biografece ca s'acchiavane cu quidde, ditte pure da quande non g'u volene sanghe de Genove, relative appunde a 'u future «<i>Cristóbal Colón descubridór de las Yndias</i>»: Cristoforo cioè precisò pure de avè soggiornate a Lisbone da cchiù de 'n'anne, de avè fatte 'nu viagge a Madera e de sta pe turnà a Lisbone cumme viaggiatore commerciale e cliende fiduciarie a 'u servizie de mercande genovese ca stavane a Lisbone, chidde stesse Lodisio Centurione e Paolo Di Negro le quale erede avenèrene pò arrecurdate da jidde e da 'u figghie Diego jndr'à le testaminde lore, rispettivamende d'u 1506 e d'u 1523). </p><p>Pe turnà sus 'a nascita soje, sus 'a base de doje documinde acchiate da Staglieno e Assereto, jedde s'avessa sckaffà 'mbrà 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=26_aguste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="26 aguste (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">26 aguste</a> e 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=31_ottommre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="31 ottommre (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">31 ottommre</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1451&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1451 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1451</a>, cioò probbie jndr'à 'u periode jndr'à 'u quale - sus 'a base de 'nu documende datate Genove <a href="/w/index.php?title=16_abbrile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="16 abbrile (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">16 abbrile</a> 1451, stipate jndr'à l'Archivije de State genovese-Archivije Segrete, «Manuali Decretorum», n. 1, n. gen. 734, c. 418 T- l'attane Dumineche e 'a mamese Susanne Fontanarossa già javetavene jndr'à 'na case in viche Diritte de l'Olivelle. </p><p>Jndr'à sta case jidde rumanìe cchiù o mene quattre anne. 'U se capisce da 'n'otre documende angore d'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=18_scennare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="18 scennare (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">18 scennare</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1455&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1455 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1455</a> (stipate jndr'à Bibblioteche Apostoleche Vaticane - God. 9452, parte II, carta 219 T., «Estratte da 'u libbre de le lnstrumenti del fu Giovanni Recco Notaio, c. 391»), jndr'à 'u quale se legge ca subbete apprisse a sta date Dumineche Colombo s'avera trasferì cu 'a famigghia soje jndr'à 'na casa nove cu giardine jndr'à 'u viche Diritte de Ponticelle, fore d'a porte de S. Andrea, addò a pianterrene aprìe 'a puteja soje de tessitore (<i>textor pannorum</i>) jndr'à quale vevìe uagnone uagnone Cristoforo, ca angore non ge tenève quattre anne. Cioè jndr'à «case de Colombo» d'a quale angore osce a die sonde stipate le vestigge jndr'à quidde ca condinue a essere chiamate viche Diritto de Ponticelle, da 'u quale se allundanò jndr'à 'u 1470 quanne le genitore se trasferirene a <a href="/wiki/Savona" class="mw-redirect" title="Savona">Savona</a> <sup id="cite_ref-sito_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sito-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Firma-colon.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Firma-colon.JPG/250px-Firma-colon.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Firma-colon.JPG/375px-Firma-colon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Firma-colon.JPG/500px-Firma-colon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1308" data-file-height="481" /></a><figcaption>A sinistre 'a firme de Colombo apprime d'u 1492, a destre 'a firme da "Ammiraglie" a 'u servizie d'a Corone de Castiglie.</figcaption></figure> <p>Da studie recende<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, pure lore pubblecate da 'u Comitate Nazionale pe le celebraziune d'u V Cendenarie d'a scuperte de l'Americhe, se capisce infine ca 'a famigghie de Cristoforo ere probbabbilmende de origgene spagnole, appartenende a 'nu ceppe ebbraiche de ebbrèe converse (o, cumme allore se diceve in <a href="/wiki/Spagne" title="Spagne">Spagne</a>, de "Marranos"): e ca 'u nonese Giuanne avenìe probbabbilmende da 'a Spagne a <a href="/wiki/Genove" title="Genove">Genove</a> a l'albe d'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=XV_sechele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XV sechele (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">XV sechele</a>, pe scappà ale persecuziune a le quale le converse avenèvene sottoposte. </p><p>Sta ipotesi non g'è comungue cose nove, purcé già formulate jndr'à 'u 1940 da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvador_de_Madariaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvador de Madariaga (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Salvador de Madariaga</a>. 'U demostre, jndr'à l'Archivije ecclesiale e jndr'à chidde de State conzultate da attentisseme studiuse jndr'à l'urteme doje sechele, 'a mangate presenze de qualsiase documende sus a otre ave de Cristoforo: le unece documinde sonde infatte relative a l'attane, Dumineche, e 'u nonese Giuanne. </p><p>A proposite, onne state d'u reste attendamende studiate jndr'à l'urteme trendennie otre doje aspette: sia 'a profonne canoscenze d'a lènga spagnole da vanne de Cristoforo, pure in date precedende a 'a residenza soje in <a href="/wiki/Spagne" title="Spagne">Spagne</a>, sia 'a soje altrettande profonne famigliarità cu le tradiziune ebbraiche, ingluse 'a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabala (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">cabala</a>. Sta famigliarità iesse da l'uneche volume combletamende sue a nuje arrevate senze manipolaziune (viste ca l'otre, 'u <i>Diarie de borde</i>, avène abbondandemende intrpolate da 'u figghie Fernando). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recanusceminde">Recanusceminde</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Cange 'a sezione: Recanusceminde" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Recanusceminde"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ha state dedicate 'nu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cratere_meteoriteche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cratere meteoriteche (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">cratere</a> de 119 km de diametre sus a 'u pianete <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marte_(astronomije)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marte (astronomije) (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Marte</a> <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallerie_fotografeche">Gallerie fotografeche</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Cange 'a sezione: Gallerie fotografeche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Gallerie fotografeche"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaza_de_Col%C3%B3n_(Madrid)_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue dedicate a Colombo a Madrid"><img alt="Statue dedicate a Colombo a Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Plaza_de_Col%C3%B3n_%28Madrid%29_12.jpg/105px-Plaza_de_Col%C3%B3n_%28Madrid%29_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Plaza_de_Col%C3%B3n_%28Madrid%29_12.jpg/158px-Plaza_de_Col%C3%B3n_%28Madrid%29_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Plaza_de_Col%C3%B3n_%28Madrid%29_12.jpg/211px-Plaza_de_Col%C3%B3n_%28Madrid%29_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="1941" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue dedicate a Colombo a <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spain.Barcelona.Colon.from.Maremagnum_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue de Colombo a Barcellone"><img alt="Statue de Colombo a Barcellone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Spain.Barcelona.Colon.from.Maremagnum_1.jpg/77px-Spain.Barcelona.Colon.from.Maremagnum_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Spain.Barcelona.Colon.from.Maremagnum_1.jpg/116px-Spain.Barcelona.Colon.from.Maremagnum_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Spain.Barcelona.Colon.from.Maremagnum_1.jpg/154px-Spain.Barcelona.Colon.from.Maremagnum_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1243" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue de Colombo a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barcellone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barcellone (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Barcellone</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sommer,_Giorgio_-_%27%27Genova-_Monumento_a_Colombo%27%27_-_ca._1860.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monumende a Cristoforo Colombo a Genove, vecine a 'a stazione de Genove Chiazze Pringipe, jndr'à 'na fote ca resale a 'a seconde metà d'u XIX sechele"><img alt="Monumende a Cristoforo Colombo a Genove, vecine a 'a stazione de Genove Chiazze Pringipe, jndr'à 'na fote ca resale a 'a seconde metà d'u XIX sechele" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sommer%2C_Giorgio_-_%27%27Genova-_Monumento_a_Colombo%27%27_-_ca._1860.jpg/91px-Sommer%2C_Giorgio_-_%27%27Genova-_Monumento_a_Colombo%27%27_-_ca._1860.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sommer%2C_Giorgio_-_%27%27Genova-_Monumento_a_Colombo%27%27_-_ca._1860.jpg/136px-Sommer%2C_Giorgio_-_%27%27Genova-_Monumento_a_Colombo%27%27_-_ca._1860.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sommer%2C_Giorgio_-_%27%27Genova-_Monumento_a_Colombo%27%27_-_ca._1860.jpg/182px-Sommer%2C_Giorgio_-_%27%27Genova-_Monumento_a_Colombo%27%27_-_ca._1860.jpg 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="605" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Monumende a Cristoforo Colombo a Genove, vecine a 'a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stazione_de_Genove_Chiazze_Pringipe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stazione de Genove Chiazze Pringipe (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">stazione de Genove Chiazze Pringipe</a>, jndr'à 'na fote ca resale a 'a seconde metà d'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=XIX_sechele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XIX sechele (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">XIX sechele</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Cange 'a sezione: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Origgene ingerte, repurtate le date ritenute cchiù probabbele.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Gli antenati di Colombo vivevano sulle alture di Sori", di Edoardo Meoli, artichele sciurnalisteche pubblecate sus a <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_Secolo_XIX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Il Secolo XIX (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Il Secolo XIX</a></i>, 5 decemmre 2008, p.11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Superquark-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Superquark_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Superquark_3-1">3,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Superquark_3-2">3,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Superquark_3-3">3,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Superquark_3-4">3,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Superquark_3-5">3,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Superquark_3-6">3,6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Superquark_3-7">3,7</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Pitre Angela et al., <i>Cristoforo Colombo - storia di un incredibile viaggio</i>, jndr'à <a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale_de_Superquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Speciale de Superquark (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Speciale de Superquark</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isaac Asimov (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Isaac Asimov</a>, <span style="font-style:italic;">Esplorando la Terra e il Cosmo</span>, Melane, Mondadori, 1983, p. 36.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">native americane de etnia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arawak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arawak (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Arawak</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vaccari-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Vaccari_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Vaccari_6-1">6,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190420053019/http://www.classicitaliani.it/quattrocento/colombo_lettera01.htm">Traduzione da 'u latine de Giuanne Vaccari.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dee Brown: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seppellite_il_mio_cuore_a_Wounded_Knee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seppellite il mio cuore a Wounded Knee (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Seppellite il mio cuore a Wounded Knee</a></i>, Melane, Mondadori, 1972.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilgiornale.it/a.pic1?ID=34850">«Innocenzo VIII, il Papa che riscoprì il Nuovo Mondo»</a>, artichele de <a href="/wiki/Il_Giornale" title="Il Giornale">Il Giornale</a>, d'u 11 ottommre 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander Geraldinus, <i>"Itinerarium ad Regiones Sub Aequinoctiali Plaga Constitutas"</i> – scritte 'mbrà 'u 1521 e 'u 1522, avenìe pubblecate pa prima vote sulamende jndr'à 'u <a href="/w/index.php?title=1631&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1631 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1631</a>; ristambe anastateche curate da Enrico Menestò, pe cunde de l'Assessorate a l'Istruzione e Culture d'a Reggione de l'Umbrie, in occasione de le Celebbrazziune Colombiane d'u <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>, Tipografia Artigiana Tuderte, <a href="/wiki/Todi" title="Todi">Todi</a>, 1992; pubblecate pure da Nuova ERI, Torino, 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/piri/pirikey.htm">Trascriziune d'u teste</a> presende sus 'a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mappe_de_Piri_Reis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mappe de Piri Reis (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Mappe de Piri Reis</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Avaste conzultà 'a recende scuperte avvenute jndr'à 'u <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> jndr'à l'archivije de Valladolid sus a 'u prucesse a careche de Colombo. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Luigi Ambiveri, <i>La piacentinità di Cristoforo Colombo</i>, Tipografije F.Solari, Piacenze 1882.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Umberte Bartocci, "America: una rotta templare - Un'ipotesi sul ruolo delle società segrete nelle origini della scienza moderna, dalla scoperta dell'America alla Rivoluzione copernicana", Ed. Della Lisca, Melàne, 1995.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Colombo, il Templare dei mari", Controstoria, de Cesare Medail, Corriere della Sera, 1995 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/1995/novembre/17/Colombo_Templare_dei_mari_co_0_9511175150.shtml">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Umberte Bartocci, "Une utopie scientifique à la découverte d'un Nouveau Monde", "Politica Hermetica", L'Age d'Homme, Parigge, N. 12, 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818182524/http://itis.volta.alessandria.it/episteme/ep6/ep6-col.htm">'A vere idendità de Cristoforo Colombo - Osservaziune e congetture</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Cristoforo Colombo: la logica e le origini - Ipotesi ragionata sulla presunta origine nobiliare e piacentina del grande navigatore", de Massimo Brizzolara, artichele pubblecate sus a 'u quotidiane "Libertà" de Piacenze, 26 e 27 scennare 2009 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.cartesio-episteme.net/ep8/brizzolara.pdf">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091018041205/http://www.lavanguardia.es/ciudadanos/noticias/20091015/53804955298/cristobal-colon-hablaba-catalan-en-la-intimidad.html">Cristóbal Colón hablaba catalán en la intimidad</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sito-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-sito_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vide l'indirizze <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.somosprimos.com/sp2006/spoct06/spoct06.htm">http://www.somosprimos.com/sp2006/spoct06/spoct06.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Libro de las profecías</i> (jndr'à <i>Nuova raccolta colombiana</i>, vol. III, tomo I, Comitate Nazionale pe le celebraziune d'u V Cendenarie d'a scuperte de l'Americhe, Rome, Istitute Poligrafeche e Zecche d'u State, 1993; 'u volume ha state tradotte da William Melczer e edite a <a href="/wiki/Palermo" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, Novecento Editore, 1992)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%">inglese</span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/jsp/FeatureNameDetail.jsp?feature=61443"><span style="font-style:italic;">Mars: Columbus</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov</span>. <small>URL conzultate il 10-12-2009</small>.</cite> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Lingua sconosciuta: inglese (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">aiuto</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibbliografije">Bibbliografije</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Cange 'a sezione: Bibbliografije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Bibbliografije"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corina_Bucher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corina Bucher (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Corina Bucher</a>, <i>Cristoforo Colombo, Corsaro e Crociato</i>, Salerno Editrice, Rome 2007. www.christopher-columbus.ch</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rui_de_Pina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rui de Pina (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Rui de Pina</a>, <i>Crónica de El-Rei Dom Joäo II</i>, Coimbra, Atlântida, 1950.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C3%A3o_de_Barros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="João de Barros (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">João de Barros</a> (1496-1570), <i>Ásia de João de Barros : dos Feitos que os Portugueses Fizeram no Descobrimento e Conquista dos Mares e Terras do Oriente</i>, pref. António Baião (1878-1961), e pref. Luís Filipe Lindley Cintra (1925-1991), Lisboa, Imprensa Nacional - Casa da Moeda, 1988.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garcia_de_Resende&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garcia de Resende (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Garcia de Resende</a> (1470?-1536), <i>Lyuro das obras de Garcia de Rese[n]de que trata da vida & grãdissimas virtudes: & bõdades magnanimo esforço: excele[n]tes costumes & manhas & muy craros feitos do christianissimo... Rey dõ Ioão o segundo deste nome...</i>, Lisboa, em casa de Luys Rodrigues, 12 Iunho 1545; <i>Crónica de D. João II ; e Miscelânea / por Garcia de Resende</i> ; pref. Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão, Lisboa, Imprensa Nacional - Casa da Moeda, 1991.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dami%C3%A3o_de_G%C3%B3is&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damião de Góis (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Damião de Góis</a> (1502-1574), <i>Chronica do Felicissimo Rei Dom Emanuel composta per Damiam de Goes diuidida em quatro partes... Em Lisboa : em casa de Francisco Correa, 1566-1567"</i>; <i>Crónica do felicíssimo Rei D. Manuel</i>, Ed. nova / conforme a de 1566, Coimbra, Universidade de, 1949-1955.</li> <li>Luís Mendonça de Albuquerque, <i>Dúvidas e Certezas na História dos Descobrimentos Portugueses</i>, 2 vols., Lisboa, Círculo de Leitores, 1991; <i>Colombo - Columbus</i>, Lisboa, CTT, 1992.</li> <li>Alfredo Pinheiro Marques, <i>Portugal e o Descobrimento Europeu da América. Cristóvão Colombo e os Portugueses</i>, 2ª ed., Lisboa, Círculo de Leitores, 1992; <i>As Teorias Fantasiosas do Colombo "Português"</i>, Lisboa, Quetzal, 1991; <i>«O Sucesso de Vasco da Gama e a Desgraça de Cristóvão Colombo»</i>, in "Las Relaciones entre Portugal y Castilla en la Epoca de los Descubrimientos y la Expansion Colonial. Actas del Congreso Hispano-Português (Salamanca, 1992)", ed. de Ana Maria Carabias Torres, Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca - Sociedad V Centenário del Tratado de Tordesillas, 1994, pp. 181-194. Reed. Biblos: Revista da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra, vol. LXX, Coimbra, FLUC, 1994, pp. 119-137.</li> <li>António Domingues de Sousa Costa, <i>Cristóvão Colombo e o Cónego de Lisboa Fernando Martins de Reriz, Destinatário da Carta de Paulo Toscanelli sobre os Descobrimentos Marítimos</i>, Antonianum, n.º 65, Roma, Pontificium Athenaeum Antonianum, 1990.</li> <li>Manuel Fernandes Costa, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080215111738/http://www.instituto-camoes.pt/cvc/bdc/pensamento/046/bb046.pdf">O Descobrimento da América e o Tratado de Tordesilhas</a>, Biblioteca Breve, Instituto de Cultura Portuguesa, Secretaria de Estado da Cultura, Ministério da Cultura e da Ciência, 1ª ed., Lisboa, 1979.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bartolomeo_de_Las_Casas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bartolomeo de Las Casas (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Bartolomeo de Las Casas</a>, <i>Historia de las Indias</i>, México-Buenos Aires 1951</li> <li>R. Caddeo (a cura di), <i>Le Historie della vita e dei fatti di Cristoforo Colombo per Don Fernando suo figlio</i>, Melàne 1930 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.liberliber.it/biblioteca/c/colombo_fernando/">http://www.liberliber.it/biblioteca/c/colombo_fernando/</a></li> <li><i>Cristoforo Colombo. Documenti e prove della sua appartenenza a Genova</i>, Genove 1931</li> <li><i>Studi colombiani</i>, Genove 1952</li> <li>Samuel Eliot Morison, <i>Cristoforo Colombo ammiraglio del mare Oceano</i>, Bologne 1962</li> <li>Paolo Emilio Taviani, <i>Cristoforo Colombo. La genesi della grande scoperta</i>, Novara 1982</li> <li><i>Le grand livre des explorateurs et des explorations</i>, èditions France Loisirs, sous la direction de Michèle Gavet-Imbert et Perrine Cambournac, préface de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul-%C3%89mile_Victor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul-Émile Victor (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Paul-Émile Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernand_Colomb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernand Colomb (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Fernand Colomb</a>, son fils, <i>La Vie de Christophe Colomb</i> (traduit en français par <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Cotolendi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Cotolendi (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Charles Cotolendi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1681&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1681 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1681</a>);</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corina_Bucher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corina Bucher (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Corina Bucher</a>, <i>Cristoforo Colombo, Corsaro e Crociato</i> Rome <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>);</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umberto_Bartocci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umberto Bartocci (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Umberto Bartocci</a>, "America: una rotta templare - Sentieri segreti della storia, ovvero Un'ipotesi sul ruolo delle società segrete nelle origini della scienza moderna, dalla scoperta dell'America alla Rivoluzione copernicana", Ed. Della Lisca, Melàne, <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Bossi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luigi Bossi (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Luigi Bossi</a>, <i>Histoire de Christophe Colomb, suivie de sa correspondance, d'éclaircissemens et de pièces curieuses et inédites</i> (traduit par C.-M. Urano, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1824&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1824 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1824</a>) ;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Irving&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Washington Irving (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Washington Irving</a>, <i>Voyages et aventures de Christophe Colomb</i>, traduit par <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Merruau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Merruau (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Paul Merruau</a>, Paris, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1838&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1838 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1838</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine-Fran%C3%A7ois-F%C3%A9lix_Roselly_de_Lorgues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine-François-Félix Roselly de Lorgues (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Antoine-François-Félix Roselly de Lorgues</a>, <i>Christophe Colomb, histoire de sa vie et de ses voyages...</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1856&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1856 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1856</a>;</li> <li>Augusto Mascarenhas Barreto: <i>Le portugais Christophe Colomb, agent secret du roi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_II_de_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean II de Portugal (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Dom João II</a></i>. èdition Referendo, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lisbonne (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Lisbonne</a>, 1988. (600 pages)</li> <li>Christophe Colomb: <i>La Découverte de l'Amérique</i>, Editions La découverte, Coffret 2 volumes, Paris, novembre 2003 - <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/2707137731" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-7071-3773-1</a>.</li> <li>Michel Lequenne : <i>Christophe Colomb : amiral de la mer océane</i>. – [Nouvelle èdition]. – <a href="/wiki/Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris">Paris</a> : Gallimard, coll. « Découvertes Gallimard : histoire » n° 120, <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>. – 175 p., 18 cm – <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/2070314707" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-07-031470-7</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_M%C3%A9tellus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Métellus (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Jean Métellus</a>: <i>Colomb</i>, Editions de l'Autre mer, Martinique 1992.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Heers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Heers (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Jacques Heers</a>: <i>Christophe Colomb</i>, Hachette, Paris, 1991.</li> <li>Ulloa, Luis: Cristòfor Colom fou català. Catalònia, Barcelona, 1927.</li> <li>Ulloa, Luis: Noves proves de la catalanitat de Colom. Oriental-Americana, Paris, s.d.</li> <li>Urvoy, Jean-Michel: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928215913/http://www.cristobal-colon.net/Colon/C05p10.htm">"Où est enterré christophe Colomb ?"</a> dans la revue l'Histoire, p.20-21, N° 286, Avril 2004.</li> <li>Verdera, Nito: Colón ibicenco. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/8486879078" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 84-86879-07-8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaetano_Ferro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaetano Ferro (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Gaetano Ferro</a> (A cura di): Cristoforo Colombo: Diario di Bordo - Libro della prima navigazione e scoperta delle Indie. Ed. Mursia <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/8842536814" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-425-3681-4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Rodrigues_dos_Santos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Rodrigues dos Santos (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">José Rodrigues dos Santos</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Codice_632&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Codice 632 (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Codice 632</a></i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertigo_(casa_editrice)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vertigo (casa editrice) (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Vertigo</a>, Roma 2007</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiziano_Thomas_Dossena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiziano Thomas Dossena (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Tiziano Thomas Dossena</a>, <i>CINQUECENTESIMO ANNIVERSARIO DELLA MORTE DI CRISTOFORO COLOMBO</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27Idea_Magazine_N.27,_2006,_NY&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L'Idea Magazine N.27, 2006, NY (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">L'Idea Magazine N.27, 2006, NY</a></li> <li>Dario G.Martini "Cristoforo Colombo tra ragione e Fantasia"</li> <li>Paolo Revelli "il Genovese"</li> <li>annali del Gallo</li> <li>annali del Giustiniani</li> <li>Ministere pe le Bene Culturale e Ambiendale "Cristoforo Colombo Genio del mare"</li> <li>Andonie Cappellini "Dizionario Biografico di Genovesi illustri e notabili"</li> <li>Archivije de State Genova (dichiaraziune a Palazza S.Giorgie)</li> <li>Archivio de State Madrid (testamende)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmografije">Filmografije</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Cange 'a sezione: Filmografije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Filmografije"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo,_film&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cristoforo Colombo, film (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Cristoforo Colombo</a></i> film inglese d'u <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_MacDonald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David MacDonald (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">David MacDonald</a>, cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredric_March&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fredric March (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Fredric March</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Linden_Travers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linden Travers (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Linden Travers</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence_Eldridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Florence Eldridge (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Florence Eldridge</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=1492:_la_conquista_del_paradiso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1492: la conquista del paradiso (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">1492: la conquista del paradiso</a></i> film dirette da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ridley_Scott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ridley Scott (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Ridley Scott</a> jndr'à 'u <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>, cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gérard Depardieu (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Gérard Depardieu</a> jndr'à 'u ruole de Colombo. 'U film ha state fatte in occasione d'u cinguecendesime anniversarie d'a scueprte de l'Americhe.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo:_la_scoperta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cristoforo Colombo: la scoperta (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Cristoforo Colombo: la scoperta</a></i> film d'u <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a> dirette da <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Glen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Glen (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">John Glen</a> ca conde 'a storie de Colombo e d'a scuperte de l'Americhe.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Una_notte_al_museo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Una notte al museo (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Una notte al museo</a></i> film d'u 2006 cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ben_Stiller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ben Stiller (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Ben Stiller</a>. Jndr'à 'u film ste 'a statue de Colombo ca avene 'nderpretate da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierfrangische_Favino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierfrangische Favino (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Pierfrangische Favino</a> ca parle in tagliàne cu accende genovese pure jndr'à versione origgenale.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Televisione">Televisione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Cange 'a sezione: Televisione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Televisione"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo_(serie_TV)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cristoforo Colombo (serie TV) (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Cristoforo Colombo</a></i>, serie TV <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vittorio_Cottafavi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vittorio Cottafavi (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Vittorio Cottafavi</a>, cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Rabal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Rabal (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Francisco Rabal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_Bautista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurora Bautista (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Aurora Bautista</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paola_Pitagora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paola Pitagora (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Paola Pitagora</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo_(sceneggiate_televisive)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cristoforo Colombo (sceneggiate televisive) (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Cristoforo Colombo</a></i>, sceneggiate televisive d'u <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alberto_Lattuada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alberto Lattuada (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Alberto Lattuada</a>, cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Byrne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriel Byrne (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Gabriel Byrne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faye_Dunaway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faye Dunaway (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Faye Dunaway</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliver_Reed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oliver Reed (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Oliver Reed</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_von_Sydow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max von Sydow (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Max von Sydow</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="'Ndruche_pure"><span id=".27Ndruche_pure"></span>'Ndruche pure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Cange 'a sezione: 'Ndruche pure" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: 'Ndruche pure"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonizzazione_europ%C3%A8e_de_le_Americhe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colonizzazione europèe de le Americhe (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Colonizzazione europèe de le Americhe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Mbere_spagnole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'Mbere spagnole (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">'Mbere spagnole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vichinghe_in_Terranova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vichinghe in Terranova (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Vichinghe in Terranova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esploraziune_sciugrafeche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esploraziune sciugrafeche (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Esploraziune sciugrafeche</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo_(cratere)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colombo (cratere) (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Cratere lunare Colombo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Otre_pruggette">Otre pruggette</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Cange 'a sezione: Otre pruggette" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Otre pruggette"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Christopher Columbus"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Christopher_Columbus?uselang=roa-tara">Uicchimedie Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=roa-tara" title="Collabora a Uicchimedie Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Uicchimedie Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=roa-tara">Uicchimedie Commons</a></span> tène files multimediale sus <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Christopher_Columbus?uselang=roa-tara">Cristoforo Colombo</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamiende_fore_a_Uicchipèdie"><span id="Collegamiende_fore_a_Uicchip.C3.A8die"></span>Collegamiende fore a Uicchipèdie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Cange 'a sezione: Collegamiende fore a Uicchipèdie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cange</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristoforo_Colombo&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamiende fore a Uicchipèdie"><span>cange 'a sorgende</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ph-colombina.blogspot.com">Pseudo-História Colombina - Descobrimento da América e o Tratado de Tordesilhas</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christopher-columbus.ch">Corina Bucher <i>Cristoforo Colombo, Corsaro e Crociato</i>, Salerno Editrice, Rome 2007</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r144939">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aiuto:Condrolle_de_autorit%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aiuto:Condrolle de autorità (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">Condrolle de autorità</a></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_International_Authority_File&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virtual International Authority File (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">VIAF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="'nglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/17231583">17231583</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Name_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Name Identifier (non g'esiste - 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addà essere scritte)">CERL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="'nglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thesaurus.cerl.org/record/cnp01259751">cnp01259751</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_List_of_Artist_Names&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union List of Artist Names (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">ULAN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="'nglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500237956">500237956</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Congress_Control_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Library of Congress Control Number (non g'esiste - addà essere scritte)">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="'nglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n78085478">n78085478</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gemeinsame_Normdatei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei (non g'esiste - 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